Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến động lực làm việc của công chức cục hải quan thành phố hồ chí minh

TAP CHi CONG THirtfNG

CAC YEU TO ANH H I T O N G

DEN

DONG LlTC LAM VIEC CUA CONG CHlfC
c u e HAI QUAN THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
• PHAN QUAN VIET - o 6 SY TRUNG

TAT:
Nghidn cffu da tid'n hdnh kidm dinh md hinh 8 ye'u td' dnh hrfdng de'n ddng Irfe lam vide
cdng chffe, gdm: (1) Cdng viec dn dinh, (2) Thu nhdp, (3) Dao tao vd phdt tiidn, (4) Dieu kien
ldm vide td't, (5) Lanh dao Irrfc tid'p, (6) Hd ttd tff ddng nghidp, (7) Srf tif chu ttong cdng vide,
(8) Van hda td chffe. Sau khi phdn tich dff lidu bang each danh gid do tin cdy thdng qua he sd
Cronbaeh's Alpha va phdn tich EFA ke't qua thang do cdc yd'u id' anh hffdng dd'n ddng Iffc Idm
viec ed tdng cdng 8 nhdn td drfde rtit trich iff 31 bie'n quan sdt. Drfa vdo phdn tich hdi quy tuyen
tinh bdi, thi 6 yeu td anh hrfdng den ddng life ldm vide edng chffe Cue Hdi quan Thdnh phd'Hd
Chi Minh, gdm: cdng vide dn dinh (OD), thu nhdp (TN), ddo tao v^ phat ttidn (PT), lanh dao
trffc tiep (LD), hd ttd tff ddng nghidp (DN), van hda td chffe (VH), vdi mffc ^ nghia quan sat
Sig. < 0.05.
ta khda: Ddng Irfc lam vide, cdng chffe. Cue Hdi quan Thdnh phd' Hd Chi Minh, quan tri quan ly.
T6M

1. Gidi thidu
Trong dieu kidn hdi nhap kinh te' toan eau Men
nay. Dang va Nhd nffdc ta da sdm ed chu trrfdng
cai cdch hanh chinh nham thuc day phdt ttien kinh
td'. Mue lieu ndy chi cd thd thanh cdng khi hidu
qud ldm vide eua cdc can bd cdng chffe dffdc cai
thien. Tai Nghi quyd'l sd 30C/NQ-CP vd Chrfdng

trinh ldng the cai cdch hdnh ehinh nha nrfdc giai
doan 2011-2020 da chi rd mdt ttong nhffng nhidm
vu trpng ldm eua cai each hanh ehinh la: nang cao
cha't Iffdng dpi ngu cdn bd cdng chffe, chu ttong cdi
cdch chinh sdch lien Irfdng nham lao ddng life thrfc
srf di can bd edng chffe thffc thi cdng vu cd chat
Irfdng vd hidu qua cao; ndng cao chd't Irfdng dieh
vu hdnh ehinh va chat Iffdng dich vu edng. Cd thd
khang dmh, mot khi hidu sud't va hieu qua lam vide
eua ede cdn bd quan I^ vd ngffdi thffc thi edng vu
dffde cai thidn se trd thanh ndn tdng vffng chac eho
qua trinh cai each hanh ehinh vd cai each the chd'.

144 So 1 -Thang 1/2019

Tuy nhidn, thrfc td cho thdy, khu vrfc cdng vdi che
do chffe nghiep gan nhrf tton ddi, hoal ddng bang
ngan sach nhd nrfdc, rdng budc chat ehe vd thu"
bac, quyen han lai la khu vrfc dd nay smh srf tii
trd, va ldm ly y lai d cdc can bd, cdng chffe nha
nffdc. Vi the', cae nha lanh dao ludn phdi ddi mat
vdi thach thffc tim kie'm nhffng ddng lffc thuc day
de cdn bd, cdng chffe cua hp Idm viec hang say va
cho nang sud't eao.
2. Ctf sd ly thuyd't va mo hinh nghien ciJu
2.1. Bgng liic ldm vi^c
Ddng life la mpt chu dd phong phu, trong nhffng
nam ciia thdp nien 70-80, nghien cffu ve ddng lffc
trd thanh chff dd dffdc thffc hien d nhieu nganh
nghd va khia canh khac nhau. Viec hieu bidt vl

cdc yd'u td' hinh thdnh, anh hffdng vd ke't qud dpng
ed da nhan dffde sff chu y rdng rai tff ede nhd
nghien cffu vd hdnh vi, van hda, td chffe va ITnh
vrfc quan ly.


QUANTRJ-QUANLY

Theo Mitchell (1982) ddng life lam vide drfde
dinh nghTa Id; "Cdc qua trinh the hien crfdng dp,
dinh hrfdng va mffc dp nd Irfc cd nhdn nham dai
drfde muc lieu".
Nguydn Ngpc Qudn va Nguydn Td'n Thinh
(2012): "Ddng life lam vide ndi ndm na la sff dan
thdn, sff sdn Idng Idm mdt cdng viee nao dd va khai
qudt hdn ddng lffc Id sff khao khdt vd trf nguydn
cua con ngrfdi, nham tang crfdng mpi no Irfe de dat
dffdc mdt muc lidu, mpt kd't qua cu the nao dd"
Theo Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A.Judge
(2012) "Ba thanh td' chinh trong dinh nghia ddng
Irfe la cffdng dp, dinh hffdng va sff bdn bi". Cffdng
dp md la mffc dp cd gang eua mdt ngrfdi, day la
thdnh to' ma phan Idn chung ta deu lap ttung vao
khi ndi ve van dd ddng life. Tuy nhien, cffdng dp
cao khdng chdc se dan de'n kd't qud cdng vide nhff
chung la mong mud'n, nd'u vide khai thdc nd lffc do
khdng theo djnh hffdng mang lai ldi Ich cho to
chffe. Bdn canh dd, nd life can dffdc xem xet tren
phrfdng didn bdn bi. Yd'u to' nay ddnh gid thdi gian
mdt ngffdi cd the duy tri nd Irfe dd dam nhan edng

viec cho de'n khi dai dffde muc tieu.
Theo tff didn tid'ng Anh, Longman dinh nghTa
dpng Irfe lam vide la mdt ddng life cd y thffc hay vd
thffc khdi day va hrfdng hanh ddng vao vide dat
drfde mdt mue tieu mong ddi. Dpng lffc lam vide la
mdt srf thdi thiic nd cd dnh hrfdng rat manh khie'n
khien ngrfdi la hanh ddng, dnh hrfdng ndy cd thd td't
hoac xd'u. Hay ndi each khde, ddng lffc la srf khao
khdt va tff nguyen cua eon ngrfdi nham tang crfdng
nd life dd dat drfde nhffng mue tieu hoae ke't qua cu
thd nao do. De tao ddng life cho nhan vidn, ngffdi
quan ly phai cd nhffng bien phap, chinh sdch, each
thffc tde ddng vao qua tnnh Idm vide cua ngrfdi lao
dpng. Vi vay, ddng lffc cua cd nhdn la kd'l qua ciaa
ra'l nhidu ngudn Iffc boat ddng trong con ngffdi,
ttong mdi irffdng sd'ng va Idm vide cua hp.
2.2. Cdc mo hinh nghien ciiu ve dong lUc ldm
viec
2.2.1. Mo hinh ddc diem cong viec cua Hackman
vd Oldham (Theo Stephen P.Robbins & Timothy
AJudge, 2012)
Md hinh cua Hackman vd Oldham md td mpt
trang thai ve ddng Iffc ndi tai hdn nffa bang each
xdc dinh trang thdi tam ly de eho ngffdi lao ddng
dffdc thiic day. Ly thuye't cho thd'y rang, nhan
vien cd the tang nang sud't ldm vide khi cdng

vide do mang lai sff thda man nhff la mdt ddng
Irfe ndi tai.
Hackman va Oldham eho rang ta't ea cac dac

trffng thid't ye'u cua cdng vide phai tap hdp dffdc
ede dpng lffc ndi tai. Md hinh dac diem cdng viec
(JCM) cho bid't chung la cd the md td bd't ky cdng
vide ndo dffa trdn 5 khia canh cdng vide, bao gdm:
- Phdn hoi tif cong viec: Chi ra mffc dp rd rang
va trrfc tid'p nhffng thdng tin vd cae ke't qua ihrfc
hidn cdng viec cua nhdn vien. Sff phan hdi ed the
tff nhieu ngudn khac nhau tff nhd quan ly, hoac mdt
ngffdi ndo dd drfa ra nhffng nhdn xet vd ke't qua
cdng vide ho nd Irfc ihrfc hidn. Srf phan hdi se
mang lai sff nhdn thffc ve kd't qua cdng vide cho
nhan vidn va nhdm lam vide, de hp nhan thffc rang
cdng viec cua hp thffc hidn cd hieu qua hay khdng.
- Su tu chu: Thd hidn d mffc do Iff do, doc lap
vd quydn trf quyel trong vide sap xd'p quy trinh
edng vide thrfc hidn. Tff do eae nhan vien nhdn
thd'y rang ke't qua edng viec phu thudc ra^l nhieu
vdo nhffng nd life, nhffng sdng kid'n va ede quye't
dinh cua chinh bdn thdn hp. Khi mffc do kidm
soal cdng vide lang len, nhan vidn phai ddn nhan
nhffng trach nhiem edng vide Idn hdn vdi ke't qua
edng viec.
- Su da dang cua ky ndng: Mdi cdng vide ddi
hdi nhffng ky nang khac nhau. Khi nhan vidn drfde
giao edng vide ed nhieu thach thrfc va nhieu ky
nang khde nhau, hp se cam nhdn dffdc y nghia
cdng vide. Cdng vide cdng ddi hdi nhieu ky nang
Ihi dd'i vdi ho cang y nghia
- Cong viec co kel qud nhin thdy ro rdng: Dieu
nay Hen quan de'n tinh hoan ehinh va ed the nhan

dang mdt cdch rd rdng cua cdng vide. Mpt cdng
vide dffdc giao phai cd bdt ddu vd ke't thuc vdi ke't
qua rd rang cd the nhin tha'y dffdc. Mdt nhan vien
se quan tam dd'n cdng vide nhidu hdn khi hp dam
nhan toan bd cdng vide so vdi khi nhdn mdt cdng
viec ma trach nhiem cdng viec chdng cheo vdi
cdng vide ngffdi khde va ke't qua edng vide mang
lai khdng ro rang.
- Tdm quan trpng cua cong viec; Dieu nay the
hicn d mffc do anh hrfdng cua edng viec dd'i vdi
nhan vidn
Ba dae tinh srf da dang cua ky nang, edng vide ed
ke't qua nhin tha'y rd rang va ldm quan trong eua
cong vide la vd ciang can ihid'l nd'u nha qudn ly mudn
nhan vien nhan thffc drfde y nghTa cua cdng viec.

So 1 -Thang 1/2019 145


TAP CHi CONC IHIlKNC

2.2.2. Mo hinh 10 ye'u to lao dong luc cua
Kovach (Theo Kovach, 1987)
Md hinh 10 ye'u td tao ddng Irfc lam viec dffdc
phdt iridn bdi Kovach (1987), bao gdm cdc yd'u id'
nhff sau:
- Cdng vide thii vi: The Men sff da dang, sdng
lao, thdch thffc cua cdng vide vd cd hpi de sff dung
nang lffc ca nhan.
- Dffdc cdng nhdn day du cdng vide da lam thd

Men sff ghi nhdn hoan thanh tdt cdng vide, ghi
nhdn gdp phdn tao thdnh cdng cho cdng ty.
- Sff Iff chu trong edng viec: The hidn nhan vidn
dffdc quydn kidm sodt vd chiu trach nhiem vdi
cdng viec, dffdc khuye'n khich tham gia vdo cac
quyd't dinh hdn quan dd'n cdng vide vd dffdc
khuye'n khich dffa ra cdc sdng kid'n.
- Cdng vide on dinh: The hien cdng vide dn
dinh, khdng phdi lo ldng dd'n chuydn giff vide lam.
- Lrfdng eao: The hidn nhdn vien dffdc nhdn
tien Iffdng tffdng xffng vdi kd't qua lam vide, Iffdng
dam bao cudc sd'ng ca nhan va dffdc thffdng hoac
tang Iffdng khi hodn thdnh td't cong vide.
- Srf thang tid'n va phat trien nghd nghidp: The
Men nhffng cd hdi thang tien va phdt tiidn trong
doanh nghidp.
- Didu kidn lam vide tdt; The hien van dd vd an
toan, vd sinh va thdi gian ldm vide.
- Sff gan bd cua cap tten vdi nhdn vidn: Nhan
vidn hen tuc ludn dffde tdn trpng va tin cay. Id mdt
thdnh vidn quan trpng cua cdng ty.
- Xff ly ky luat kheo leo te' nhi: The Men vide
xff ly ky ludt ciaa cap trdn mdt each id'nhi va kheo
leo, nhffng ky Iuat chi mang tinh gdp y, phd binh.
-Sff giup dd cua cd'p trdn dd giai quye't cdc va'n
de cd nhan: The hidn sff quan tam hd trd eua cap
ttdn trong vide gidi quyd't cdc vd'n dd cd nhan vd
khd khan cua nhan vidn.
Md hinh 10 ye'u td' nay da dffdc cdng bd' rdng
rai vd phd bid'n, dffdc nhieu nha nghidn cffu kidm

dinh thdng qua thffc le' d nhidu linh vffc khae nhau.
2.3. Mo hinh nghien cdu
Tdc gia Iffa chpn md hinh 10 yeu td'tao ddng
Iffc cua Kovach (1987) Id cd sd nen tang cho
nghidn cffu. Ddphu hdp vdi dieu kien thffc te'cua
dia phffdng, tdc gia da tid'n hdnh nghien cffu dinh
tinh thdng qua thao luan nhdm di xdc dinh va
hidu chmh thang do. Md hinh nghidn cffu cac yeu
td' anh hrfdng dd'n ddng lffc lam vide cua cdng

146 So 1 -Thang 1/2019

chffe tai Cue Hdi quan TP. Hd Chi Minh dffdc xay
dffng nhff sau:
Hinh 1: Mo hinh nghiSn ciiu
Cdng v i f c on djnh
Thu nhqp
Dao too va phat trien
Dilu kien lam viec t^t
Lanh dgo trifc tiep
Hd trci tCf dong nghiep
SU ta chu trong cong viec
Vdn hoa t^ chCrc
Nguon; De xudl cua lac
Trong 10 ye'u td' tao ddng Irfc lam vide cua
Kovach (1987) yd'u to' srf gan bo eua cap trdn vdi
nhan vidn, yd'u td' xff ly ky ludt kheo leo te nhi,
yd'u id drfde cdng nhan day du cdng vide da Idm va
yd'u td srf giup dd cua ca'p trdn gidi quydt cac van
de ea nhdn do cdc yd'u td nay deu chiu srf chi phdi

cua ngffdi lanh dao trffc tie'p nen tdc gia dd xual
tdng hdp thanh yd'u td lanh dao trrfc tiep. Do dac
didm ve tinh chd't cdng viee va ddn vi cdng tdc nen
tde gia khdng dffa yd'u td'cdng vide thu vi ciia Kovach (1987) vdo md hinh nghidn cifu. Thdng qua
kd't qua thao ludn nhdm ye'u id' hd ttd tff ddng
nghidp va ye'u td van hda cua td chffe dffdc so'dong
ngrfdi trd Idi eau hdi cho rang ed tdc ddng den
dong Irfc lam vide. Vi vdy, hai yd'u to' hd trd tif
ddng nghiep va yd'u to van hda td chffe dffde tac
gid dffa vdo nghidn cffu chinh thffc.
3. Kd't qua nghien cffu
3.1. Thdng tin mdu
Mdu nghidn cffu dffdc chpn theo phffdng phap
mdu tdng the vi sd' Irfdng cdng chffe tai Cue Hai
quan TP khdng nhidu. Sau khi phong van trffc tiep
va gidn tid'p cdng chffe thdng qua bang cdu hoi,
tie'n hanh tap hdp vd loai bo nhffng bang cau hdi
khdng khdng dat yeu cau. Kd't qua la 220 bang
khao sal hdp Id dffdc sff dung de ldm dff lieu eho


QUANTRI-QUANLY

ngMdn cffu. Dff hdu dffdc nhap, ma hda, lam sach
va phdn tich thdng qua phan mdm SPSS.

Bang 2. He sd Cronbaeh's alpha cua cdc yd'u
to anh hi/dng den dpng life Idm viec

Bang 1. Thong tin mdu khao sdt

D$c diem maia - n = 220

-

Gidi
tinh

Soliidng

Til#(%)

Nam

136

61.8

NO

84

38.2

220

100

22

10,0

iSng
Dudi 25

H^so
Cronbaeh's
Alpha

Yeu to cong viec dn djnh

04

0.893

YS'utS thu nhap

04

0.755

Y&'u to dao tao va phat tri^n

04

0.810

Til 25-30

41

18,6

10 31-40

108

49,1

Yeu to dieu l
03

0.780

TO 40 trd ien

49

22,3

Yeu to lanh dao true tiep

05

0.799

long

220

100

Yeu to ho'tro dong nghiep

04

0 767

Trung cap trd xuong
Trinti
Cao dang, dai tipc
do
Sau dai tioc

25

11,4

189

85,9

Yeu to su to chu trong
cong viec

03

0 834

6

2.7

long

220

100

Yeu to van hda to chOc

04

0.860

Dudi 3 nam

26

11.8

Bo
tuoi

Tliam
nign

-

So bien

quan sat

Nhan15

3-5 nam

79

35.9

Tren 5 nam

115

52.3

long

220

100

Dudi 5 trieu

40

18.2

137

62.3

43

19.5

TL(

Ttiu
TO 5-7 tneu
ntiap
Tren 7 tneu
long
Cap
bac

220

100

Ntian vien

168

76.4

Lanti dgo plidng, ban

39

17.7

Lanh dao

13

59

220

100

TSng

Ngudn: Sd lieu phdn tichditlieu nghien cdu
chinh Ihdc bdng SPSS cda tdc gid
3.2. Ket qud kiem dinh thang do (Bdng 2)
3.3. Phdn tich nhdn tdkhdm phd EFA
Kd't qua kiem dinh Barllett trong bang kiem
dinh KMO va Bartiert's (chi sd KMO = 0.74I> 0.5
la ddp ffng drfde yeu cau.
Phin tich nhan id da trich dffdc 8 nhdn td vd vdi
phffdng sai trich la 67.717% (Idn hdn 50%) vdi sig
= 0.000 la dat ydu clu.

Nguon: Sd lieu phdn tich d£t Hiu nghien ciiu
chinh thdc bang SPSS cua tdc gid
Diem dffng khi trich cdc yd'u td' tai nhdn td' thff
8 vdi mffc gia tri Eigenvalues la 1.451 > I, ke't qua
phan tich nhan td la phii hdp.

Ke't qua tai Bang 3 cho thay he sd' tdi nhan td
cua cdc bid'n nay deu Idn hdn 0.5 dai yeu cau.
3.4. Phdn tich hdi quy
Vdi lap dff lieu thu dffdc trong pham vi nghien
cffu cua dd tdi vd drfa vao Bang 4 thi phrfdng trinh
hdi qui bdi the hien cae ye'u Id' dnh hrfdng de'n ddng
life ldm vide cd dang:
DL = 0.375*OD + 0.238*VH + 0.218*LD
+ 0.177*PT+ 0.153*DN + 0.134*TN
Trong dd:
DL Yd'u Id' dpng lffc lam vide
OD: Ye'u td cdng vide dn dinh
VH: Yd'u to' van hda td chffe
LD: Ye'u Id'lanh dao trffc tid'p
PT: Yd'u Id'ddo tao va phat trien
DN: Ye'u td hd trd tff ddng nghidp
TN: Yd'u td thu nhap
Ke't qua phan tich hdi quy cho thd'y ede yeu to'
dnh hffdng de'n ddng life lam vide cd he so' (3 deu
drfdng ndn tat ca cac ye'u Id' irong md hinh hdi quy
dnh hrfdng ciang chieu de'n dpng lffc lam viec.

So 1 -Thdng 1/2019 147


TAP CHi CUNG THlAfNG

Bang 3. Ma trdn xoay nhan td
YTuter
Bien

1

0D4

.906

0D2

.882

0D1

.783

0D3

.772

VH2

2

3

4

5

6

7

e

.868

VH3

.834

VH4

.785

VH1

768

LDI

.824

LD5

.796

LD4

.725

LD3

.662

LD2

.651

PT4

879

PT2

.834

PT1

.704

PT3

.703

DN4

.837

DN1

.770

DN3

.745

DN2

.651

TN4

.817

TN3

.708

TN2

.701

TN1

.695

DK2

.879

DK3

870

DK4

.782

TC3

.884

TC4

.819

TC1

.792 •

Eigenvalues

5 869

3.035

2.748

2.286

2.058

1.829

1.716

1.451

Phuong sai trich (%)

18.933

28.724

37.588

44.963

51602

57.501

63.036

67.717

Ngudn: So lieu phdn tich dd lieu nghien cdu chinh thdc bdng SPSS cua tdc g

148 So 1 -Thang 1/2019

QUANTRJ-QUANLY

Bdng 4. Ket qua phdn tich hoi quy bdi lan thCf hai
Coefflcjents^

Model

1

H$soh6iquy
chua chuan hoa

H I so hoi quy
d i chuan hoa

T

Sig.

-3.312

.001

Beta

Thong ke da c$ng tuyen

B

Std. Enor

Hang so

-1.028

.310

Tolerance

VIF

OD

,325

.043

.375

7.604

VH

.282

.056

.238

5.049

,000

.844

1.184

.000

.926

LD

.206

045

.218

4.602

.000

,918

1.080
1,090

PT

.166

.045

.177

3,662

.000

883

1 133

DN

.161

.050

.153

3 233

.001

,915

1,093

TN

.141

.053

.134

2.688

.008

,831

1,203

Ngudn: Ke't qua phdn tich dit lieu cua tdc gid
4. Kdt ludn
Drfa vao phdn tfch hdi quy luye'n tinh bdi thi 6
yeu to': cdng vide dn dinh (OD), thu nhdp (TN),
ddo tao vd phdt trien (PT), lanh dao trffc tie'p
(LD), hd trd tff ddng nghidp (DN), van hda td
chffe (VH), vdi mffc y nghia quan sat Sig. < 0.05
ddu ed y nghia thd'ng ke dffde ehd'p nhdn. Do ye'u
Id' dieu kien ldm viec (DK) vd sff Iff chu trong
cdng vide (TC) cd gid tri Sig = 0.073 vd 0.519
(>0.05) nen khdng drfde chd'p nhan. Qua kd'l qua
nghien cffu trdn, mdt sd ham y quan iri drfde de

ra can tap trung vao cac vd'n de:
Tao dong luc ldm viec thong qua yeu td cong
viec on dinh: Cdng vide on dinh la cdng vide
khie'n ngrfdi lao ddng khdng phai lo lang bi mat
viec. Cd quan nhd nrfdc la nhffng td chffe do nhd
nffdc thanh lap de ihffc thi quyen life nhd nffdc,
boat ddng mang tinh phuc vu cdng vdi ngudn kinh
phi tff ngan sdch nha nrfdc. De nang cao hidu qua
hoat ddng eua td chffe hanh chinh nhd nffdc va
thffc hien thanh cdng cdng cudc cai cdch hanh
ehinh nha nrfdc, trffdc hd't can phai quan tdm tao
ddng Irfe lam vide cho ho. Vi vdy. Cue Hai quan
TP can cd nhffng drfdng Id'i, chu trrfdng, ehinh
sach rd rdng de cdng chffe cdm nhan dffdc edng
vide cua minh dffdc ddm bao dn dinh ddi lau. Td
chffe cdc boat ddng tuyen truyen chu trffdng.

chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nrfdc de ngrfdi lao
dpng an lam tham gia vdo khu vffc cdng nhff:
Tao dong luc ldm viec thong qua yeu td vdn
hoa ciia td chdc: Yd'u id' vd van hda cua id chffe
cd lac ddng Idn de'n ddng lffc lam viee eua cdng
chffe, ndn tang van hda eua khu vffc cdng anh
hffdng rat Idn den lac phong, dao dffc cua cdc
thanh vidn irong to chffe, van hda la dpng lffc thuc
day id chffe phdt trien.
Tao dong luc ldm viec thong qua ye'u td lanh
dao true tiep: Lanh dao trffc tiep cd vai trd rat
quan trong ttong viec thue day tinh than lam viec
cua cap dffdi. Nhd qudn tri la mot trong nhffng

yd'u td' quyd't dinh sff thdnh cdng hay thd't bai cua
td chffe bdi nhd quan tri Id ttung tdm cua cdc boat
dong. Vi vdy, de tao dpng Irfc lam vide cho cdng
chffe, lac gia de xua't ede giai phap sau:
Tao dong lUc thong qua ye'u to ddo lao vd phdt
trien: Vide dffdc ndng cao trinh dp chuydn mdn
vd cd hdi phat tridn nghd nghidp td't tao nidm tin
vffng chdc cho trfdng lai cua cdng chffe, didu nay
ldm cho cdng chffe nd life hdn nffa de ed the phdt
tridn td't nghd nghidp va Ihang tie'n td't hdn ttong
cdng vide. Cue Hai quan TP can thffc hien cae
vd'n dd sau:
Too dong luc thong qua yeu to dong nghiep:
Md'i quan he ddng nghiep ed sff tde ddng dang ke

Sol -Thdng 1/2019 149


TAP CHi CUNG THIftfNG

de'n d d n g Irfc l a m v i e c c u a e d n g chffe, c a n x a y
dffng c h o c d n g chffe t a i ddn vi n h d n thffc v e y
nghia c u a srf d d n g g d p c u a m d i ed n h d n d e u g d p
p h a n t a o n d n srf p h a t ttien c h u n g c u a td chffe.
Tao dong luc ldm viec thdng qua yeu td ihu
nhdp: T h u n h d p d m d t mffc dp nhd't dinh la b a n g

q u a n , the M e n gid trj vdi gia dinh va xa hpi, thu
n h d p e u a c d n g chffe chu ye'u d d d a m b a o cho
c u p c s d n g c u a ho va gia dinh ho B d n e a n h chd

dp Iffdng cd b a n Iheo quy dinh eua N h a nrfdc. Cue
Hdi q u a n T P cdn thffc h i d n t h e m c d c chinh sach
thffdng va p h u c ldi p h u h d p t h e o quy dinh cda

chffng the h i d n gia tri c u a ngffdi l a o d d n g d e d

phdp luat •

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/. Nguyin Thi Liin Diep vd Trdn Anh Minh, 2012. Qudn tri hoc. Nhd xud't bdn Vdn hoa - Vdn nghe, TP. HCM.
2. Trdn Kim Dung. 2011. Qudn tn nguon nhdn lUc. Nhd Xud't l}dn Tong hap, TP. HCM.
3. Trdn Kim Dung vd Nguyin Ngpc Lan Vy, 2011. Thang do dong viin nhdn vien. Tap chi Phdt trien Kinh li', s^
244. ndm 2011, trang 55-61.
4. Nguyen Vdn Hiep vd Nguyen Thi Quynh, 2014. Cdc nhdn to dnh hudng de'n ddng luc ldm viic cua nhdn vien
trong doanh nghiep co vdn ddu tU nUdc ngodi tai Ddng Nai. Tap chi Khoa hoc Lac Hong, So 1, ndm 2014, trang
12-19.
5 Nguyen Khde Hodn, 2010. Cdc ye'u id dnh hudng de'n dong lUc ldm viic cua nhdn viin. Nghiin cdu trUdng h^Tp
tai Ngdn hdng Thuong mai cd phdn A chdu, chi nhdnh Hue. Tap chi Khoa hoc Dgi hoc Hue, sd 60, ndm 2010,
irang 71-78.
6. Dinh Phi Ho, 2014. Phuong phdp nghien cdu kinh ti' & viet ludn vdn thac sT. NXB Phuong Ddng, TP. HCM.
7. Luu Thi Bich Ngoc vd Tgk, 2013. NhUng nhdn id tdc dgng den ddng luc ldm vifc cua nhdn vien trong khdch
san Tap chi Khoa hoc Dai hoc Su Pham Thanh phd'Ho Chi Minh, sd49, ndm 2013, trang 22-30.
8. Nguyen Dinh Tho. 2013. PhUOng phdp nghien cdu khoa hoc trong kinh doanh. NXB Lao ddng xd hdi, Hd NQI.
9 Bui Thi Minh Thu vd Le Nguyen Doan Khdi. 2014. Cdc nhdn tddnh hudng den dong lite ldm viec cua nhdn viin
true tie'p sdn xud't d Cong ty lap mdy Viet Nam.
10. Tap chi Khoa hoc TrUdng Dai hoc Cdn Tha. so 35. ndm 2014, ir 66-78.
11. Hodng Trong vd Chu Nguyen Mong Ngpc, 2008. Phdn lich dd lieu ngliiin cdu vdi SPSS lap. NXB Thdng ke.
TP. HCM.
12. Nguyen Ngoc Qudn vd Nguyen Tdn Thinh, 2012. Gido tnnh qudn ly nguon nhdn liJCc trong idchUc. NXB Gido
due, Viet Nam.

13. Farhaan Arman, 2009. Employees motivation at Areco India Maunufacturing
Degree course d Bangalore University. June, 38.

Private Limited. The M.B.A

14. Kovach K.A. 1987. Whai motivates employee? Workers and supervisors give different. Business Horizons, 5865.
15.

Herzberg Frederick, 1959. The Motivation lo Work. Harvard Business Review Classics, New York.

16. Maslow A.H, 1943. A theory of humanmotivatio

Psychological Review, 370- 396.

17. McClelland, D, C, 1985. Human motivation. Cambridge University Press, USA.
18. Mitchell, T.R, 1982. Motivation: New direction for theory, reseach, and practice. Academy of management re-

150 So 1 -Thang 1/2019


qUANTRj-QUAHIlV

19. Simons and Enz, 1995. Motivating hotel employee. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration
36(1), 20-27.

Quarterly,

20. Stephen P.Bobbins, Timothy A.Judge, 2012. Hdnh vitSchUc, FPT Polytechnic bien dich. NXB Lao dpng xd hdi,
Hd Noi.
21. Wong, Siu, Tsang (1999). The impact of demographic factors on Hong Kong hotel employess choice of job-related motivators. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 230-240.

Ngay nh$n bai: 11/12/2018
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va su'a chffa: 21/12/2018
Ngay chd'p nh^n dang bai: 1/1/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
TS. PHAN QUAN VIET - D 6 SY TRUNG
Trtfcfng Dai hpc Van Lang

FACTORS AFFECTING THE WORKING MOTIVATION
OF CIVIL SERVANTS WORKING FOR CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT
OF HO CHI MINH CITY
• Ph.D PHAN QUAN VIET
• DO SY TRUNG
Van Lang University
ABSTRACT:
The study is to examine a model including eight factors which affect the working motivation
of civil servants. These eight factors are (1) Stable job, (2) Income, (3) Training and
development, (4) Good working conditions, (5) Direct leadership, (6) Support from colleagues,
(7) Self-control al work, (8) Organizational culture. After analyzing data by the Cronbaeh's Alpha
to assess the reliability and the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), 31 variables were categorized
into eight different factor groups. The data, then, was analyzed by the multiple linear regression.
The results showed that there are six factors affecting the working motivation of civil servants
working for Customs Department of Ho Chi Minh City including (1) Stable job (OD), (2) Income
(TN), (3) Training and development (PT), (4) Dhect leadership (LD), (5) Support from
colleagues (DN) and (6) Organizational culture (VH), with the significance level of Sig. <0.05.
Keywords: Working motivation, civil servants. Customs Department of Ho Chi Minh City,
administration - management.

So 1 -Thang 1/2019 151