Cảm nhận hạnh phúc ở trường học của học sinh

CAM NHAN HANH PHUC

6 TRUONG HOC CUA HOC SINH
(Nghien ciru tmdng hop hoc sinh trirdng THPT Vinh Bao, Hal Phong)
PGS.TS. Phan Thj Mai Htrong
Trudng phdng Phong Tdm ly hoc thuc nghiem, Vien Tdm ly hgc.
Nguyen Thj Thuy Anh
T O M TAT
Nghien cuu dugc thuc hien nhdm xac dinh cdm nhdn hanh phuc chu quan cua
hgc sinh a truang hgc vd cdc yeu to co lien quan Nghien ciru dugc thuc hien tren
mdu 402 hgc sinh tie lap 10 den lap 12 ciia trudng THPT VTnh Bdo, Hdi Phdng, trong
do cd 47,3% Id nam. Kel qud nghien cuu chi ra rang, hoc sinh co mice do cdm nhdn
hanh phuc khd phdn tdn. Hgc sinh a cdc khoi lap cd mite do cdm nhdn hanh phuc
khdc biet ro ret Hoc sinh nam vd nu cd muc do hanh phuc khong khdc biet nhau. Cdc
yeu to nhu tu ddnh gid bdn thdn. su trg giup cua ban be vd thdy cd cd tuang quan
thuan. manh den rat manh vdi muc do hanh phuc, sic ho trg cua nhd truang cd tuang
quan yeu han. Trong khi do, dp luc hgc tap co luang quan nghich tuang doi manh,
thdi do hgc lap vd ket qud hoc tap khong co tuang quan co y nghia thong ke vai hanh
phuc a trudng cita hoc sinh. Ket qud ndy cho thdy, tdm quan trong cua viec ndng cao
.su ho trg tinh thdn vd lam gidm dp luc hgc tap cho tre de chiing cdm thdy hanh phiic
han khi tdi truang
Tir khoa: Cam nhdn hanh phuc. Hoc sinh THPT: Trudng hgc
Ngdynhdnbdi.

2QI5l2Q\l\Ngdy

duyet ddng hdi. 25/5/2017.

ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to exmanine the level of subjective well-being of
children in school and factors related to their u ell-being The sample included 402

students from Kf' to 12''' grades at Vinh Bao high school in Haiphong city, of which
47 3% were male The results show high dispersion in the level of subjective well-being
among students Students al different grades experienced remarkable difference in level
of happiness No significant difference bet^veen boys and girls was pund. Factors such
as .self-evaluation, peer and teachers support are strongly or very .strongly correlated
with children 's level of happiness at school, while school .support has weaker correlalion
Meanw hile, learning pressure has a relatively strong negative correlation with happiness
level lb-.' learning altitude was noi significantly correlated with happiness The study

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So' 6 (219), 6 - 2017

57


also found that the level of happiness was not correlated with children's academic
outcomes. Those findings showed the importance of enhancing mental support and
reducing learning pressures for children so that they can feel happier when going to
school
Keywords: Subjective well-being; Happiness; School; High school student.
Mddau
Cam nhan hanh phiie la trang thai cam xiic thoai mai, de chiu eiia con
nguai. Bdt ke con nguai, dii la ai, dii Ian hay be, gia hay tre, di lam hay di hgc,
trong gia dinh hay a nai lam viee, hge tap, deu eo nhiing trai nghiem hanh
phuc ciia minh. Hanh phiic cQng la chii de dugc nhieu nha khoa hgc quan tam
nghien ciiu. Diener va cac egng su (1999) cho rang, cam nhan hanh phiie ehu
quan (subjective well-being) bao gom cac thanh phan rieng biet: Sir hai long
vai cugc song noi ehung; su hai long vai cac mat cu the nhu cong viec, gia
dinh...; trai nghiem cac cam xiic duong tinh nhu: vui ve, yeu thuang, dl chiu,
thoai mai a mue cao, Irong khi trai nghiem cae cam xiic am tinh nhu: tiic gian,
buon, lo au hay eang thang 6 miic thap. Theo Diener, earn nhan hanh phiic ca

nhan bao gom ca khia canh cam xiic (cam xiie ducmg tinh) va nhan thirc (sir hai
long vai cugc song) (Diener, 2000). Trong khi do, hanh phiic, theo Seligman,
bao gom eac cam xiic duong tinh, su tham gia, y nghTa ca nhan, moi quan he va
su thanh cong (Seligman, 2011). Theo International Wellbeing Group (2013),
cam nhan hanh phiic cua nguai truang thanh gom cam nhan hanh phiic a cac
mat cu the ciia cugc song nhu tieu ehuan song, siic khoe ca nhan, su thanh
cong trong cugc song, cac moi quan he ca nhan, su an toan ca nhan, cam giac
la mgl phan ciia cong dong va su dam bao Irong luang lai. Ben canh do, cac tac
gia nay bo sung them mgl so mat nhu: su hai long vdi cugc song noi ehung va
su hai long vai ton giao eiia hg. Co the Ihay, hanh phuc dugc hieu la sir ket hgp
ciia nhieu chieu canh nhung diem chung nhat van la trang thai hai long ciia con
ngucri vdi cuge song ciia hp.
Nhung nghien ciiu ve cam nhan hanh phuc d ngudi trudng thanh dugc
nhieu ngudi quan tam nghien ciru nhung cam nhan hanh phiic ciia Ire cm, dac
biet la cam nhap hanh phiic ciia Ire em d Irutmg hgc chua dugc nghien ciru
nhieu De cap den cac thanh phan ciia cam nhan hanh phiic ciia tre em. Cummin
va Lau (2010) cho rang, cac thanh phan do giong nhu cac thanh phan cam nhan
hanh phuc cua ngudi Idn. trir sir hai long vdi ton giao. Mat khac, cam nhan hanh
phiic vdi cugc song ndi ehung dugc cac tac gia xem xet nhu mgt mat eiia cam
nhan hanh phiic ciia Ire. Nghien ciru ve mong muon ciia tre em vdi muc dich
giup cac em co cugc sdng idt hern dirge Td chirc Xa hoi Ire em ciia Anh (The

58

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 6 (219). 6 - 2017


Children'society) thuc hien, da chi ra mong mu6n ciia tre cung nhu cac tieu chi
chii quan va khach quan do luang hanh phiic ciia cac em.
Cam nhan hanh phiic dugc do ludng bao gom trong do hanh phiic ehii

quan (subjective well-being) va hanh phiic tam ly (psychological well-being)
(The Children's society, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016). Cae nghien cuu chi ra mong
muon eo tudi tha hanh phiic cua cae em chiu tac dgng bdi gia dinh, kha nang
dugc lua chgn, ti^n bac va tai san, sue khoe. Mgt so nghien ciru quan tam den
moi quan he giira sire khde tinh than va hanh phuc cua tre (Layard R., Hagell A.,
2015; Shoshani va cong su, 2013). Bao cao cua Layar (2015) thay mat cho td
chuc WISH khuyen cao rang, can do ehi so hanh phuc ciia tre thudng xuyen nhu
mot chi bao ve sue khde tinh than eiia tre. Cdn Shoshani va cdng su da thuc hien
mot nghien cuu dgc trong 2 nam ddi vdi tre d trudng hgc va cho thay rang cac
can thiep dua tren trudng hoc cd the nang cao cam nhan hanh phuc va siic khde
tinh than cho tre em (Shoshani Anat, Sleinmetz Sarit, 2013). Mgt sd nghien cuu
khac tim thay moi quan he giira cam nhan hanh phiic vdi thanh tich hgc tap, mdt sd
yeu td ca nhan va trudng hgc (Huebner, 1991; Verkuyten va Thijs, 2002; Oilman
vaHuebner, 2006; Tabbodi Meimanat va cdng su, 2015).
Tai Viet Nam. nhirng nghien eiiu ve cam nhan hanh phiic d trudng hgc
ciia tre em cdn chua nhieu. Trong bdi canh giao due d nude la dugc cho la cd
nhieu van de can thao gd nhu: Chuang trinh qua lai. chat lugng giao due chua
dugc nhu ky vgng cua cha me va xa hdi. Ire thieu ky nang mem, hien tugng
hoc sinh mat ddng co hgc tap. hgc them Iran Ian... thi nghien ciru ve cam nhan
hanh phiic d trudng hgc ciia tre la dieu can thiet. Nghien cuu nay dugc thuc
hien nham tra Idi cau hdi: 0 trudng. tre cd cam thay hanh phiic khdng va cam
nhan hanh phuc dd cd mdi quan he gi vdi cac )cu id trudng hgc, hgc tap va ca
nhan?
Phuang phap nghien ciiu
Mdu nghien cini
Mau nghien ciru trong dieu tra indt Ian (heo la( cat ngang la 410 hgc
sinh thugc 3 khdi idp 10. I I va 12 ciia lYudng THPT Vinh Bao. Hai Phdng.
Trong sd dd 402 phieu hgp le (dien day du thdng tin) dugc dua vao phan tich.
Cac Idp dugc chgn Iham gia nghien ciru la cac Idp binh thudng. khdng thugc
cac Idp chgn ciia nha Irudng Tat ca hoc sinh deu tinh nguyen Iham gia tra Idi

phieu hoi.
Cong cii nghien ciru

Nghien ciru sii dung phuong phap khao sat bang bang hdi d6 thu thap du
lieu djnh lugng. fhang do Hanh phiic a irudng la thang do tu di6n, gdm 12

TAP CHI

TAM

LV HOC, Sd 6 (2 i 9). 6 ^ 2017

59


menh dh mo ta trang thai cam xiic chung ciia tre d trudng (thich. sg, hai long,
vui ve, lo lang...), ddng thdi ciing de cap den cam xiie ciia tre trong mdi quan
he ciia tre vdi ban be d trudng (cd dan, bi co l^p, hay vui cudi...)- Trong do, cd
6 menh d^ nghich dao. Thang do la thang Likert 5 bac, dugc sii dung dk do
ludng mirc do thudng xuyen trai nghiem cam xiic, vdi tir 1 - Khdng bao gid
d6n 5 - Rk thudng xuyen xuk hien cam xuc. Do tin cay ciia thang do la 0,97.
Ben canh dd, bang hdi ciing thu thap mgt sd thdng tin lien quan den cac
y6u td thugc trudng hge nhu: sir hd trg ciia thay cd, ban be, nha trudng ddi vdi
tre; cac y^u td lien quan den hge tap nhu: thai do hgc tap, ap luc hgc lap, ket
qua hgc tap va cac y6u td ca nhan nhu: tu danh gia cua tre, gidi tinh, khdi lap.
Do tin cay ciia thang do dao ddng tir 0,79 den 0,93, dat tieu chuan ve su dn
dinh ciia thang do.
Mgt sd cau hdi md ciing dugc dua vao bang hdi de tim hieu nhirng dieu
d trudng khien em vui ve hanh phiic hoac lo lang, budn chan.
Phan tich thong ke

Diem cam nhan hanh phiie d trudng ciia tre dugc tinh bang diem trung
binh ciia 12 menh de sau khi da ddi diem eac menh de nghich dao. Nhirng hgc
sinh trai nghiem cac bieu hien hanh phiic thudng xuyen hon duge coi la nhiing
em ed miic do hanh phiie cao hon, trong khi dd, nhirng hgc sinh khdng bao gid
hoac it trai nghiem bieu hien nay dugc coi la nhirng tre ed mire do hanh phiic
thap hon.
Cac tham sd thdng ke nhu diem trung binh, do lech chuan dugc su dung
de md ta trang thai hanh phiic ciia hgc sinh.
He sd Alpha ciia Cronbach duge diing de tinh loan do tin cay ciia eac
thang do. Kiem dinh t (t-test) va phan tich phuong sai mgt yeu td (oneway Anova) dugc ap dung de so sanh diem cam nhan hanh phiic cua cac nhdm theo
gidi linh. khdi Idp. He sd tuang quan Pearson cQng dugc diing Irong phan tich
mdi quan he giira cam nhan hanh phiic vdi cac yeu td Irudng hgc. hgc tap va tu
danh gia ca nhan.
Ket qua nghien ciiu
/. Cam nhgn hgnh phiic cua hgc sinh Trw&ng THPT Vinh Bdo
Kel qua diem cam nhan hanh phuc long hgp ciia hgc sinh Trudng THPT
Vinh Bao dugc hien thj d bi6u dd I.
Ket qua cho thay, diem thap nhat cua mau la 1.67 va diem cao nhat la
4,67. Bieu dd 1 cho Ihay, phan bd diem kha dan trai, khdng tap irung d khu vuc
trung lam. Dieu dd cho thdy, cam nhan hanh phuc ciia hgc sinh THPT VTnh

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TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 6 (219), 6 - 2017


Bao kha khac biet nhau. Cd nhirng hgc sinh thudng xuyen hoac kha thudng
xuyen cam thiy hanh phuc nhung cung cd nhiing hgc sinh it khi hoac khdng
bao gid cam thiy hanh phuc khi d6n trudng. Ben canh dd, mgt bg phan hgc
sinh thinh thoang cam thSy minh d trang thai hanh phiic d trudng hgc.

ijnh c i m nh#n h^nh phuc

Bieu do 1: Phdn bo diem trung binh cdm nhdn hanh phuc
Sd hgc sinh cd diem cam nhan hanh phiie trung binh nhd hon 2 (tiic la
hau nhu khdng bao gid cam thay hanh phiic d trudng) la 40 em, chiem ty le
9.9% va sd hgc sinh ed diem cam nhan hanh phiic trung binh Idn han 4 (tire la
nhung em kha thudng xuyen cam thay hanh phuc khi tdi Irudng) la 129 tren
tdng sd 402 hoc sinh dugc khao sat, chiem 32,1%. Nhu vay, sd lugng hoc sinh
ihudng xuyen cam thay hanh phiic khi tdi trudng chiem hon 1/3 tdng sd hgc
sinh dugc nghien ciru. day la nhirng hgc sinh ludn ludn cam thay vui ve, hai
long va thoai mai khi den trudng. Ty le hgc sinh cam thay hanh phiie cao gan
gap 3 Ian ty le hgc sinh khdng cam thay hanh phiic. Mac dii. ty ie hoc sinh
khdng cam thay hanh phiic chi bang 1/3 sd hgc sinh cam thay rai hanh phiic va
bang 1/10 sd hgc sinh dugc nghien ciru nhung day cung la mdt con sd dang
quan lam \'a can tim ra giai phap hd trg de cac em cam thay hanh phiic hon khi
tdi truimg.
liang 1 md ta diem trung binh cua tirng menh de cu ihe cua thang do
Cam nhan hanh phiic ciia hgc sinh Trudng THPT VTnh Bao.
Bang sd 1 cho ihii). cac bieu hien deu cd diem trung binh xap xi ^ 3 (mirc
do thinh ilioang). Mgl vai bieu hien cd diem trung binh gan mirc diem 4 (miic
dp kha ihudng xuyen). Hgc sinh kha ihudng xuyen cam thay vui va hai long

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 6 (219). 6 - 2017


khi ddn trucmg, khdng cam thay bj cd lap vdi ban be va it cd don, budn chan.
Tuy nhien, khi tdi trudng, nhieu hgc sinh cd cam giac met mdi va lo lang.
Bdng I: Cdm nhdn hanh phuc ciia hoc sinh Truang THPT VTnh Bdo
(Diem trung binh vd do lech chuan)

Cac menh de

STT

Bien trung
binh

Do lech
chuan

1

Toi cam thay vui ve khi den trtrcmg

3,33

1,19

2

Toi cam thSy co don luc d traang*

3,41

1,14

3

Toi cam thay moi ngay den trucmg d^u co nhirng
niem vui

3,60

1,06

4

Toi thay hai long voi nhirng gi dien ra a trudng

3,60

0,80

5

Toi cam thay bi co lap vai ban be*

3,51

1,23

6

Toi cam thay buon chan khi den truang*

3,42

1,13

7

Toi thay met tnoi khi dihoc*

3,10

1,01

8

Toi cam thay kho chiu, buc boi trong long moi khi
tai lap*

3,26

1,08

9

Toi thich cuoi diia voi ban be

3,07

1,03

10

Toi cam thay a truong that thoai mai va de chiu

3.23

1,12

11

Toi thay lo lang moi khi nghT den truong hoc*

3,05

1,19

12

Toi thich dtin lop

3,19

1,10

Ghi chir Diem thdp nhdt = 1 vd diem cao nhdl ^ J,'
(*): Cdc menh de nghich ddo vd duoc doi diem khi tinh todn.

Nhin chung, cac em hgc sinh dugc khao sat vui ve va hai Idng khi den
trudng. thinh thoang cd su met mdi, lo lang. TYai nghiem cam xiic tich cue khi
den Irudng la kha thudng xuycn d mdt bd phan hgc sinh. Tuy nhien, vdi do
lech chuan kha cao (dd chenh vao khoang 30 - 35% so vdi gia tri trung binh)
thi nhieu hgc sinh khdng ed cam nhan chung nhu vay khi den trudng. Dd la
dieu rat dang quan lam trong cdng tac hgc dudng ddi vdi hgc sinh.
2. Tuong quan giiia cdm nhgn heinh phUc a trw&ng v&i cdc yeu to cd
nhdn, trirdng hgc vd hgc tap
2. L Cdm nhdn hanh phuc a truang cua hoc sinh theo giai tinh va khoi lap

Bang 2 the hien diem trung binh cam nhan hanh phiic cua hgc sinh ihco
gidi linh va khdi Idp. So sanh diem trung binh cam nhan hanh phiic giira nam

62

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 6 (219), 6 - 2017


va nti- cho thSy khdng cd sir khac bi6t cd y nghTa ve mat thong ke giira hai
nhdm nay (p = 0,563 > 0,05). Nhu vay, cd the ndi, nhin chung, khi tdi trudng,
miic do hanh phiie cua hgc sinh nam va nti la tuong duong nhau.
Bang 2: Cdm nhgn hanh phuc cita hoc sinh theo gi&i tinh vd khdi lop
Diem trung
binh

Do lech chuan

Nam

3,28

0,96

Nir

3,33

0,95

Lap 10

2,30

0,81

Lap 11

3,96

0,72

Lap 12

3,43

0,70

D^c diem
Giai tinh

Khoi lap

P
0,563

0,000

Khi so sanh cam nhan hanh phuc giira cac khdi Idp, ket qua cho thay cd
su khae biet giira eac khdi Idp mdt each cd y nghia thdng ke. Trong dd, diem
trung binh cam nhan hanh phiic ciia khdi 10 thap nhat, tiep dd la khdi 12 va

diem cao nhat la khdi 11. Hgc sinh khdi 10 la nhung em mdi vao Irudng, cdn
chua quen biet nhieu ban be. chua dii thdi gian de cd cac mdi quan he ban be
than thiet de cd the chia se nhirng tam sir hay giiip dd nhau trong hgc tap. Ddng
thdi, hgc sinh khdi 10 chua quen biet nhieu cac thay cd giao, chua tiep can day
du vdi each hgc eua hgc sinh THPT nen cd nhieu cm cam thay cd dan khi den
trudng, cd lap vdi ban be va thucmg lo lang. met mdi khi tdi Idp. Hgc sinh lap
11 da quen vdi ban be. thay cd \i\ chua gap ap lire thi cir nhu hgc sinh Idp 12.
cd le Vl the hgc sinh Idp 11 cd diem Irung binh cam nhan hanh phiic cao nhat,
lii'c la cac em ed cam nhan hanh phiic nhat. Hge sinh ItVp 12 it cam thay hanh
phiic hon hoc sinh khdi 11 khi tdi truimg mdt phan do ap lire hgc tap va thi cir
cudi cap.
2 2 Tuang quan giua cdm nhgn hgnh phiic a trirdng vd tu ddnh gid bdn
thdn
Tu danh gia ca nhan irong nghiC'n ciru nay la danh gia vc sir ngoan ngoan.
gu'ong mau. cham chi. lich cue. trung thuc trong hgc lap ciia mdi hge sinh. \e
nhung ddng gdp ciia ban than cho IrmVng Idp. sir lich cue tham gia cac hoat
ddng lap the, hoat ddng ngoai khda va danh gia vc tfim anh hudng ciia mdi hgc
sinh vdi cac ban khac.
Ket qua phan tich luong quan giira cam nhan hanh phiic ca nhan vdi lu
danh gia ban than cho tha>. cam nhan hanh phiic cua hgc sinh THPT VTnh Bao

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sod {219), 6 - 2017

63


va su tu danh gia ban than cd moi quan he chat chg vdi nhau. He s6 tircmg quan
Pearson giCia hai biln sd = 0,592, cd y nghTa thdng ke (p < 0,05). Didu nay cd
nghTa la nhihig hgc sinh cd sir tu danh gia ban than cang cao thi thudng cam
thdy hanh phiic han, cdn nhiing hgc sinh cd diem tir danh gia ban than d miic

thdp thi it cam thay hanh phiic ban khi den trudng.
2.3. Tuang quan giua cdm nhdn hanh phUc a trudng vai str ho tra ciia
ban be, thdy co vd nha truang
Su hd trg tir ban be trong nghien curu nay dugc hieu la cho dua tinh thdn
ma tre cd dugc tir ban be ciia minh, bao gdm su giiip dd cua ban be trong hge
tap, dugc ban be tdn trgng, tin tudng, quan tam, lang nghe y kien, ed nhiing Idi
khuyen chdn thanh, ddng thcd, khdng ed canh tranh, ghen ti tir ban be ddi vdi tre.
Su hd trg eiia thdy cd dugc hieu la cho dua tinh than ma tre cam nhdn
duge tir phia thay cd nhu sir ddng vien, khich le, tu van trong hgc tap, su ddi
xu cdng bang, cho phep hge sinh dua ra y kien phan bien trong Idp hgc, su
quan tam va tao dgng lire hgc tap cho hgc sinh, su tien bg cua hgc sinh trong
lap dugc thay cd nhin nhdn va danh gia cao. Ben canh dd, su hd trg ciia thdy cd
cdn dugc the hien d nhirng hoat dgng ngoai Idp hgc: thdy cd lang nghe, chia se
tam tu ciia hge sinh; thdy ed day hge sinh each tu the hien ban than, ddng vien,
khich le va giiip dd hge sinh tham gia cae hoat ddng xa hdi.
Sir hd trg cua nha trudng gdm ed: sir ddng vien, khich le. khen thudng
kip thdi cLia nha trudng khi hge sinh cd thanh tich tdt, cac boat ddng ngoai gid
len Idp ma nha trucmg td chiic cho hgc sinh va co sd vat chdt cua nha trudng
hd trg cac em trong hgc tap.
Bdng 3: Tuang quan giita cdm nhgn hgnh phitc a truang vd su ho tra
ciia ban be, thdy co vd nhd truang
Cam nhan hanh phuc
Su ho tra ciia ban be

0.857**

Sir ho tro ciia thay co

0.824**

Sir ho Iro ciia nha trironc

0.199**

Kel qua nghien ciru cho lha\- he sd luong quan Pearson giira cam nhan
hanh phuc d trudng vdi su ho trg cua ban bi: la 0.857 (p < 0.01); \di su ho trg
cua th§y co la 0,824 (p < 0,01); vdi nha trirdng la 0.199 (p < 0.01). Diau dd cd
nghia la nhirng hgc sinh dugc ban be tin tudng. tdn trgng. giup do trong hgc
lap, chia se nhirng phien Idng, khdng canh tranh, ghen ti thi co cam nhan hanh
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TAP CHI TAM Vi HOC, Sd 6 (2 19), 6 - 2017


phiic d muc eao han cac ban hgc sinh it nhan duge su hd trg tir ban be. Cd the
thdy, su hd trg ciia ban be rdt quan trgng ddi vdi nhimg cam xiie tieh cue cua
hgc sinh (nhu cam thdy hai long, vui ve, thoai mai) khi tdi trudng.
Dii lieu cQng cho thay, su hd trg ciia thdy ed ed mdi quan he rdt chat vdi
cam nhdn hanh phiic cila hgc sinh THPT VTnh Bao, he sd Pearson la 0,824. Sd
lieu nay cho phep hiiu rang, thai do va each iirng xu cua thdy cd vdi hgc sinh
cd lien quan true tiep tdi niem vui, su hai long, thoai mai cua hgc sinh khi tdi
trudng. Trong trudng hgc, thay cd quan tdm, chu y, ddng vien, khich le hge
sinh, nhiing cd gang ciia hgc sinh dugc thay cd ghi nhan, dae biet sir ddi xir
cdng bang trong gid hgc cua cae thay ed cd quan he manh me vdi cam nhan
hanh phiic ciia hoc sinh d trudng. Nhirng hgc sinh thudng xuyen dugc thdy cd
khich le, dgng vien, dugc ghi nhdn ed cd gang va duge ddi xir cdng bang
thudng xuyen cam thay hanh phiic han nhirng em it duge thay cd quan tdm
khich le hay it dugc ddi xir cdng bang. Tdng hgp cae eau tra Idi eho cau hdi:
"Dieu gi d trudng khien em thich nhat?", ket qua eho thdy, gan 2/3 sd hge sinh
eho rang dieu thich nhat khi den trudng la duge gap gd thdy cd, thay cd than

thien, vui tinh, dugc thay cd quan lam, khieh le hgc tap. Nhu vay, cd ca sd de
khang dinh rang, thai do, each ling xir cua thay cd vdi hge sinh Trudng THPT
VTnh Bao cd the cd anh hudng rdt Idn den cam nhdn hanh phiie ciia hgc sinh.
Bang 3 cung eho thdy, cd tuong quan thuan giira cam nhdn hanh phiic d
trudng ciia hge sinh va su hd trg tir phia nha trudng. he sd Pearson la 0,199 va
do tin cay 99%. Dieu nay cd nghia la nha trudng eang ed nhieu hoat ddng tac
ddng tieh cue den hgc sinh thi hgc sinh cang cam thay hanh phiie. Dac biet sir
ddng vien, khen Ihudng ciia nha trudng khi cac em dat thanh tich tdi cd tuang
quan manh han ca den cam nhan hanh phiie ciia cac em, he sd Pearson la 0.36
va do tin cdy la 99%. tuy nhien, tuong quan ed y nghTa ve mat thdng ke nhung
khdng manh.
2 4 Tuang quan giua cdm nhdn hgnh phiic a truang vai cdc yeu to hoc
tap
Nghien cuu xem xet mdi quan he ciia cam nhan hanh phuc d trudng vdi
cac yeu td nhu ap luc hgc tap, thai do hgc lap va kel qua hoc tap.
Ap luc hgc tap dugc do d cac khia canh: Diem sd, do khd ciia bai kiem
tra ddi vdi nang luc ciia hgc sinh. sd lugng bai tap. ap lire thi cii, kiem tra.
Thai do hgc tap bao gdnr Su nghiem liic trong cac ky thi va kiem tra.
ehii y nghe giang tren Idp, ghi chep bai day du, hang hai phat bieu tren Idp va
cham ehi lam bai tap d nha.
Kel qua hgc lap bao gdm diem trung binh cac mdn trong ky g;in nhdt.

TAPCHITAMLVHOC, Sd6(2l9). 6-2017

65


Bdng 4: Tucmg quan glUa cdm nhdn hanh phiic d trudng vd cdc yeu to hoc tap
Cac yeu to hoc tap

Cam nhSn hanh phuc

Ap lire hgc tap

-0,577**

Thai do hoc tap
Ket qua hgc tap

-0,056
.

0,013

Ghi chii- **: khip< 0,01.
Dir lieu bang 4 chi ra rang, ap lire hgc tap cd tucfng quan nghich vdi cam
nhan hanh phiic, he sd tuong quan Pearson la -0,577 (p < 0,01). Ket qua nay
cho thay, hgc sinh cang it chiu ap lire hgc tap, cang cam thay hanh phuc va
ngugc lai, cac em chiu ap luc hgc tap cang nang ne thi cang it cam thay hanh
phiic khi den trudng, nhirng hgc sinh dd thudng cam thay rat kem vui, lo lang
va met mdi. He sd tuong quan giira ap luc hgc tap vdi 2 menh de trong thang
do Cam nhan hanh phiic la "£m cdm thdy lo lang khi den trudng'^ va "£m cdm
thdy met mdi khi den truong'' Ian lugt la -0,573 va -0,470, vdi do tin eay 99%.
Cd the thay, cae hgc trd cang chiu nhieu ap luc hgc tap thi cang it cam thay
hanh phiic va cang lo lang, met mdi khi tdi trudng.
Ket qua khao sat cQng cho thiiy, earn nhan hanh phuc va thai do hgc tap
cda hgc sinh THPT VTnh Bao khdng cd mdi tuong quan cd y nghTa vj mat
thdng ke. Dieu dd cd nghTa la khdng cd mdt quy luat ndi len rang, hgc sinh cd
thai do hgc tap tdt thi cam thay hanh phuc hon nhirng hge sinh cd thai do hgc
tap khdng tdt va ngugc lai.

Ket qua nghien eiiu cung cho thjy, cam nhan hanh phuc khdng song
hanh vdi ket qua hgc tap ciia hgc sinh dugc khao sat. Hgc sinh dat kit qua hgc
lap cao hay thap khdng licin quan dgn cam nhan hanh phuc trudng hgc. Hge
sinh dat ket qua hgc tap cao khdng catn thSy hanh phuc hon hgc sinh dat kgt
qua hgc tap ehira cao. Mdt didu dang luu y la, mac dii ap luc v6 didm sd hgc
tap tuong quan chat che vdi cam nhan hanh phuc nhirng kdt qua hgc t.ip tdt
cung khdng lam cac cm cam thay hanh phiic hon. Ngugc lai, nhirng kdt qua
hgc lap khdng cao cung khdng lain cac em it cairt thjy hanh phiic hon.
Ket luan
Nghien ciru ve cairi nhan hanh phiic d Irudng hgc ciia hgc sinh trudng
IHPl Vinh Bao cho thay mdt so diem sau; (1) Cac cm hgc sinh cua trucmg cd
sir phiin hda rd net trong cam nhan hanh phiic, nhieu em thudng xuyen cam thiy
hanh phitc khi Idi Irudng nhirng sd tre hiSm khi cd trai nghiem hanh phiic d

66

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 6 (219), 6 - 2017


trudng chidm ty le khdng nhd; (2) Nam va nit khong khic biet nhau ve mirc do
cam nhan hanh phuc; (3) Hgc sinh khdi 10 it cam thay hanh phiic nhit v4 khoi
11 cim thSy hanh phiic nhit trong sd 3 khdi Idp; (4) Cdm nh&i hjiih phiic cOa
hgc sinh cd tuong quan thuan, chit che vdi sir ho trg cila thSy cd, ban be va tu
danh gia ban than va tuong quan ydu hon vdi sir hd trg ctia nha trudng; (5) Cam
nhan hanh phiic 6 trudng ed tuong quan nghich, tuong doi chat che vai ap luc
hgc tSp nhung khdng cd mdi tuong quan vdi thai dg hgc tap v4 kdt qui hgc tap.
Tir kft qud tren, cd the thay rang, su hd trg v6 mat tinh than cho hgc
sinh la rit quan trgng, ddng thdi viec giam ap lire hgc tilp d trudng la vd ciing
can thife dd moi ngiy hge sinh den trudng la mdt ngay vui, de hgc sinh cam
thay hai Idng, thgai mai khi d6n trucmg. Ket qua nghien ciru ddng gdp m$t

phan quan trgng cho cdng tac hgc dudng trong trudng hgc. Nhung yeu td can
tac ddng manh me d6 hgc sinh cam thiy hanh phiic hon khi iin trudng la tang
SIT hd trg tinh thin cho hgc sinh, giiip hgc sinh phat trijn mdi quan he ban be
than thiet va giam ap luc hgc tSp tir phia trudng lop, ddng thdi giiip hgc sinh
giam ap lire hgc tip ma chinh eac em tu dat ra cho ban thin.
Tai lieu tham khao
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3^ Edition, Manual 2005, Published by Australian Centre on Quality of Life, School
of Psychology, Deakin University, ISBN: 1 74156 051 9, 2010.
2. Diener E.D., Subjective Well-Being - The Science of Happiness and a Proposal for
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10. Tabbodi Meimanat, Hassan Rahgozar, Mohammad Mozaffari Makki Abadi, The
Relationship between Happiness and Academic Achievements, European Online Journal of
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