Hành vi ứng xử trong các mối quan hệ xã hội của thanh thiếu niên

HANH VI QNG XQ
TRONG CAC MOI QUAN HE XA HOI
QUA THANH THIEU NIEN
Nghifin cilu ndy di/qc tdi tro bdi Quy Phit tri^n Khoa hoc ya Cdng nghfi Qudc gia
(NAFOSTED) trong de tdi: Tri tue cam xuc va nmi quan he cOa n6 vdi hanh vi x3 hgi
oia Ihanh thieu nien; Ma so; VII .1 -2013.12; PGS.TS. Phan Thi Mai Huong Idm chCi nhifim.
PGS.TS. Phan Thj Mai Huong
Trudng phong Phong Tim ly hgc Ihuc nghiem, Vien Tim ly hgc.

»
T6M TAT
Bii viit quan lam den cic kieu hanh vi ung xie ctia thanh thiiu niin Irong cdc
mii quan hi xd hgi 1.120 hgc sinh, Irong do CO 41,9% nam. tit lap 7 din l&p 11 tgi 6
tinh/lhdnh pho tham gia vao nghten cuu vai tudi trung binh Id 14.22. Kel qud cho
thdy. lir gdc dd xdy dung, duy Iri/phd hiy mdi quan hi, co 3 kiiu hanh vi chit yiu: duang
linh, am linh va Irung linh. Nghiin ciiu cDng chi ra nhiing yiu Id cd liin quan den
viic Ihuc hiin cdc hanh vi nay. ddc biet phdn lich sdu vi hanh vi dm linh cUa tri. Dd
la cac yiu Id giai tt'nh ctia con. hgc vin crio cha me vi kich c9 Ihanh pho nai tri sinh
song. Kit qud nghiin cuu cd y nghta cho viic hiiu rd han hanh vi ctia tri di cd hudng
gido dvc ren luyin hdnh vi thich hgp.
Tir khda: Hanh vi: Hanh vi duang linh: Hdnh vi dm tinh: Quan hi xd hpi; Thanh
thiiu niin.
Ngay nhgn bai: 22/4/2016; Ngay duyil ddng bdi: 25/8/2016.
Mddau
Tuii thanh thiiu nien (hay cdn gpi 14 vi thdnh nifin) 14 giai dpan tuii md sv
phdt men xd hfii dien ra vupt bje so vdi giai dojn ttudc dd. Su phdt m i n ndy
dupe gJn lien vdi cdc moi quan hfi xa hfii cfla chflng. Hanh vi dng xu ttong cdc
mfii quan hfi xa hfii cfla ttfi 14 mfit kiiu cfla hdnh vi xd hfii ndi chung Id nhihig
hdnh VI hudng den ngudi khdc. Nhihig hdnh vi ndy thi hifin ky ntog xB hpi cfla ttfi
nhung dong thdi nd cd J nghia rit Idn ttong vific thiit lap, duy tti hay phd vd mil
quan h?.

r,,™, , ? " ^ i f " ' - ' ' ' • ^ f ' . " i " '* ""*' " l " ^ *"*/*' " ^ ^ " g " " l*4<: vd cd tinh
mpt mil quan hfi. (5 lua mdi fl™h thiiu nien, cdc mii quan hfi xd hpi chinh dupe xdc

TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd 9 (210), 9 - 2016


# i h gom tjuan he ban bfi, quan he gia dinh (eha me. dng ba. anh chi em) va quan
h f ™ nguoi Ion khae ngoai gia dinh (didy cd, htog xdm...) (Hair vd cae cong su.
2002), oong do, quan he bjn be chifim vi m' ttung tJm. Cd thi thiy, dd IdnhihiE
moi quan he vdt nhihig ngudi khd gto gui vdi xd hoi cuattfi:gia dinh,ttudnghoc
cpng dong^Hdnh vi tuong tdc cflattfittongcdc mdi quan he nay thi hien ky ntog
img xu xĐ noi cua tre.
ã J &

,

Criss yd cpng su (2002) da tfing kit rtog, sv chip nhto cfla ban be (Id thdnh
vien ttong moi quan he bjn be) cd moi quan he nghich vdi hdnh vi bit naL Khi tt<
dupc 1 ^ bfi chap nhdn, chflng se it thvc hifin cdc hdnh vi xam kich, ngay'ea khi tte
^ I T h - " ^ ^ " ' ^ . " *ô * ' "^ ^'- "8. ã * ô ^*^ ra rtog, khi hoc sinh cd mfii
quan he tot vol giao vien, chiing khfing muto Idm gido vito tfijt vong bdi hanh vi
Mt njt ban be eua chtag. Dito dd lam hjn chfi cac hanh vi xam kich cua chtag
Ngoai ra, khi cd tuong tdc tich cue vdi bjn bfi thi tte eung nrong tdc Uch cue vdi'
nhung nguoi khac. Nhu thfi, eac moi quan he xa hpi tich cue cuattfinong pham vi
hep COrao.hen quan chat che vdi eac bdnh vi ung xu ndi chung cuattfitt«ngcdc
moi quanh? xahpi khac ldng hon.
ue irung cac

r A, . i ^ i ' ^ ? ^ "^^ " ^ " " * "^^ " ^ ã''^h " " ^ ô" tMng qua eac thang
'.^ f ^ l ' * ' * * " * ^ ^ - •

CM •henhu hanh V, iing hd xJ hdi, htoh vi giup dd, hanh ^
lvc,'hanh
Tn^
Z ^ Z ^ l ^ - 'T^ " ^ ^ ^^- ^ ^ " ^ "thifiu canh khae, cd thi
^
*dnh edc kieu hanh vi duong tinh (Polit, I998X bdnh vi dmtinh.Suphto ehia hL
VI kha da kieu, tuy thudc timg vto de vd ttag bii cdnh nghito cdu haySo ludng.
H.,^ ^^u "^'^ ."i" '^' "•'^ ^^" '* ^ ''"*"8 durmg tu* hay am tinh, ed ftfi 14 cha me, bjn bfi vd cac yfiu td mo^i m S i g S i c
V, di^ cha me eo nhien thdi gian gidm sdt con cai thi con cai it tham gia vao cde
htoh VI congvy CO hon (Christopher vd edng su, 1993; Donovan va ctog sv 198^
Cha me cung eo anh hudng dto, viecttfichpn bjn ciii^ nhu viec tte Sian^ gia vd
nguy ^ . . r " " "

* " * ' ' ~ ' "'"^ ""^

"*"« ™ '^y' h*^ vi tinh | i e eo

thuc hilTZh"^'™ ' ? ; 1 !"••**" '''*• ^''^ " ^ "h™ v4 fl«nh thi vi khd ntog
d t ^ J ^ T h ' ^ ""i*"- " ' '•'' "^ ''"^ "'^ ^'S^ria. Afolabi (20l4) chi ra ring
o thanh pho on, not dto cu ddng due thi sinh vito thuc hito cdc hdnh vi giflp™!;
o noi dong dan cu la yeu td giditiiicheho hien tupng nay.
™. 1,-'^!!'-"*'^" "*" "^fi^S cho thdy, sv khac bifit vfi gidittongtfiuehito hdnh vi
n i ^ r s - ' ^ L ' "ã "=ằ"ô ^ - -ãằô) M c tto,ô moc sfitinhh u i i nguy d p thi

T*PCHlTAML'i'HpC.S«9{210),9-20l6


Co tfli thdy, hdnh vi xa hfii cfla tte va cac yiu to anh huomg dd dupc nghito
cuu tir nhifiu gdc dp khdc nhau, cd thi tun thiy tt-ong nhiiu lai lifiu cdc kiiu hanh

vi xa hpi ndi chung, ed duong tinh v4 dm tinh. Tuy nhifin, nhiing hdnh vi flng xii
dupc thfi hifin ttong cdc mdi quan he xd hpi cfla ttfi thi vin cdn khd it. Nhitag chi
bao v i h4nh vi dirong tinh hay hanh vi am tinh m4 ttfi thfi hifin ttong cdc moi quan
hfi xd hfii n4y cdn chua dupc nghifin cthi nhifiu. Mdt khdc, kit qud nghifin cflu vfi
cdc yiu td dnh hirtog dfin hdnh vi xa hoilitng xu cfla trfi trong cdc mii quan hfi
cung cdn khd da chiiu. Anh hudng cua cha me dupc de cjp den khd chung chung
md chua chi rd hpc vdn cfla cha me cd lifin quan gi din htoh vi ling xu cfla ttfi hay
khfing. Anh hutog cua mfii trudng do thi hay nong thdn din hdnh vi irng xfl cfla
ttfi da dupc phdt hien ttxing nghifin cdu da d i cjp d trfin nhung dnh hudng eua
thanh phi vdi cac kich cd khdc nhau thi chua dupc tim hiiu. Vi thi, nghifin cuu
ndy dupc tifin hdnh nhdm chi ra cdc kieu hdnh vi irng xd xd hfii cfla ttfi va chi ra
nhttng yiu tp cd lifin quan den hdnh vi dd nhu kich cd thanh pho, hpc vin cfla cha
me, gidi tinh vd mii cfla con.
Phuong phdp
Mdu nghien cuu: Mdu nghifin cita gim 1.120 hpc sinh vdi tudi trung binh
14 14,22 dang hpc cdc Icro tu 7 dfin 11 tai 12 trudng p h i thdng d 6 dia bto tbdnh
phi Id Hd Npi, thdnh pho H i Chi Minh, Thda Thien - Hui, Dfing Ha (Qutog Trj),
Ninh Binh vd Bin Tre. Ty le nam chiim 41,9%.
Cdng Cfl nghiin ciu: Cfing ev nghifin cflu chfl yiu Id thang do hdnh vi tag
xu ming cdc mii quan hfi xd hfii cfla flianh thiiu nifin. Thang do gim 21 item mfi
td c4e hjnh vi dng xfl cfla Dfi trong cdc mii quan hfi vdi ngudi khdc.
Phtn tich da li^u: Nghien cflu su dpng phfip phto tich nhto t i khdm phd
(EFA) vfiri phuong phdp phto tich thdnh phin chinh (principle components) di phdt
hifin cdc kieu hdnh vi ehu yiu tfl bp dii lifiu. Hfi s i tdi nhto t i cfla mii item dupc
x4c djnh Id lto hem 0,4'.
Cdc kiiu hdnh vi^phdt hifin tit phto tich yiu t i sau dd duoc tinh diim bdng
ttung binb cpng cfla diem edc item trong tung yiu t i . Theo tiiang diim dd cho,
diem ttijp nhdt Id I yd diem cao nhdt Id 5, ttong dd, diim ctog thap, ctog thfi hifin
cd nhto khfing cd kieu hanh vi dang dupc dfi cjp din vd diim ctog cao, ctog the
hifin cd nhto ctog cd nhihig hdnh vi dd mpt cdch hfi tiling vd rd rtog.

M^mJhaJi^^J^r

T- i' f™ *•" " * "*" '""" "** ^''^ "^ " * <*<»« CUatiZyd„ li.

TAPCHlTAMLyHOC, S a 9 ( 2 I 0 ) , 9 - 2016


. ^ ' ™ hieu moi quan he giua cdc kifiu hanh vi, hfi sfittrongquan Pearson da
dupc unh toan vdt difim ttung binh cfla cac kiiu hanh vi^ Kiim dinh T-test vd
aieway-Anova dupc su dung dfi so sdnh sv khdc bifit vfi hdnh vi ttong quan he xd
hfi. cua tte theo ^ c Idt cat khdc nhau: gidi tinh, mfii, bae hoc, kfch cdtfidnhphd
* J T \ 1 ' . f • ™ " ^ * ^ ""*• -^ ^y- '"•'='' •=» *dnh phi duoc hiiu Id dp Ito cfla
Uidnh phd o hai mat: ve dto cu vd vfi difin tich. H4 Ndi vdtfianhphi Hd Chi Minh
dupc COI Id nhOiigflidnhpho ldn so vdi cdctfidnhphd khdc ttong nghito cuu nay
d Uianh pho nho. Hoc vdn cfla cha vd me khfing chi duoc xem xet mdt cdch ddc
1«) ma con tmh dto su kfit hpp giita hpc vdn eua cha vd me bdi dta'eon Id sdn
phdm gido dvc cua ca cha vd me. Nghito cuu mudn xem xet su kit hop ndy cd
hen q i ^ den hdri, v. ung xfl cua eon nhu tiii ndo. Hpc vdn eua eha me duoc ehia
M •• ^J""K-*P . ""* "^ " ^ ^ **"8'- Nsodi ra, nghito cuu cflng sd dung
phta Uch da bien vo. phep phto tieh phuong sai 2 v4 3 yiu ti di flm hifiu vfi tae
dfing cua tjp hpp nhieu yfiu tfi dto hdnh vi ung xfl ttong mii quan hfi xa hdi cfla

linhtitl '^ ''™ '"

"^ "^ "^^ ™ •' ™°' "^ "" ™ * ^ ^ ""* "*' ' ^ S

Kit qud
Cdc kiiu hanh vi ung xir
h™, tt.^t^'i^^^i

" ? * ™ ' ° ™ P""* '"^y ^ ^ ^ ^ * ° thdy, du lifiu duoc tdp

A 1- 1,^ ' ^
^ / ' '=""« '=''° "^J;' ""** "™ '^W tdi chfl yiu vdo 1 yiu ti Hfi
sfi tdi nhdn to eua mo, itern vdi edc yto ti khde Id kha nhd,tfifihito mii mong
quan rat yeu vfiri cde nhto tfi khde.
*
Hai item cd hfi si tdi Idn hon gid tti myet dii cfla 0,3 vdo 2 yfiu ti vd nd sfi
dupc sdp xip vto yto to ndo cd he si tai nhto ti lto hon.
Bdng 1: Cdc kiiu hanh vi ting xti trang quan he xd hgi cua thanh thiiu niin
Cie hiatb vi vng xv
The hiln tinh cam quy men
Hay Riup d& moi nprdi
E>oixij chdn diinh
Vui vfi voi moi npircri
Co ging hidu ngudi xung quanh
Ton none ngudi xunf quanh

VID

li 1

0,6«7

Yliiti2

0,655

-0,044

-0,011

0,644

-0,082

0,638

-0,050

0,629
0,616

-0,032
-0,105

0,188

:^«s*,^f^*x^-s^i^^««^-«-"."^n.„«.
TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd 9 (210), 9-2016


^^
Biel Ihong cam vdi ngudi khiic

0,552

-0,069

0,235

Chii dfing nfii chuyen, ket nii

0,523

-0,020

-0,168

Biit nhuong nhin

0,421

-0,097

0,287

Noi doi

-0,103

0,695

-0,113

Hay chi trich. phe phan ngirM khac

0,001

0,648

-0,097

fChong quan tam moi ngudi

-0,333

0,631

0,156

Khi Iranh lujn, co ging thing cufic

0,141

0,602

-0,148

Khong thich gAn gui ngircri khac

-0,266

0,556

0,349

Khong noi \au ngudi khac

-0,010

-0,103

0,703

Khdng gay cir Co, xich mich

0,185

0,059

0,603

Khong xiii biy ngirdi khac lim dieu xiu

0,076

-0,060

0,592

Nhu vjy, cd 3 yiu t i dupe rflt ra vdi s i item d yeu t i thd nhdt Id 9; d yiu ti
thu 2 14 S vd d y i u tfi tiiu 3 Id 3. S i lupng cac item d mfii yiu t i 14 khd chenh Ifich,
vi the, diem so stoh sg dflng diem ttung binh chfl khong ddng difim ting cfla edc
item trong eung mpt yiu td.
Yiu td 1: Hdnh vl dirang tinh
Yeu to ndy tjp ttung nhtag item lifin quan din vific thi hifin tinh c4m qu^
men, giflp dd, dfii xfl chto tfi4nh, vui vfi, hifiu, tfin trpng, biit tiipng cam, biit nhudng
nhjn vd chfl dfing gjp gd, ndi chuyfin vdi rapi ngudi. Chflng diu Id bifiu hifin cfla
nhSng hdnh vi hudng den vific xdy dpng vd duy tri mii quan hfi vdi ngudi khac.

De^cd dupc mpt mfii quan hfi tit d?p, dfl d bit cfl lua tuii ndo cung khdng thi
thieu nhtag htoh vi ndy. Vi the, yeu t i ndy dupc ddt tfin 14 hanh vl duang tinh.
Yiu td 2: Hdnh vi dm tinh
Nhflng item Ijp trung vdo yiu t i ndy cd ndi dung lifin quan din cdc hdnh vi
nhu ndi doi, hay chi ttich, phfi phto ngudi khdc, khong quan lam, khfing gin gfli
ngudi khdc, hieu tiitog. Day 14 nhihig h4nh vi cd xu hudng khdng duy m md tham
cbl cdn dan den pha vd moi quan hfi. Vi bto chit, nd dii Ijp vdi nhung htoh vi d
yeu to 1 Nhtag htoh vi ttfin, khi dupc thpc hien, dl gay cdm gidc khd chiu cho
ngudi khdc hojc khong khifin ngudi khdc thich thfl vd vi thfi thudng khd duy tti
mpt mo, quan hfi lto d4i, bto chat. Chtog cd thi dupc gpi 14 hanh vi dm tinh.
Yeutd 3- Hdnh vi trung tinh
nhitn- 111 ' ' . ™ . ' * ' 7 8 vto yiu t i nay dfiu thi hifin xu hudng khdng thuc hifin
^SL-kh

,r ''*"."''^'*™8 " « ^

khdng gjy cdi cp, xich mich, khdng xui bly

htoh V, tich cvc hay tieu cvc Vi the, yto ,6 ndy dupc djt tfin Td hantvi

trung tinh.

TAP CHf TAM Lt HOC, Sfi9 (210), 9 - 2016


Moi quan he giira cdc kiiu hanh vi
,u u u!?" " * ' " ™ ^ "I™ Sida oic kiiu hdnh vittongquan hfi vdi ngudi khdc cfla
*ato tfneu mto, kfit cpa chotfidyhtoh vi duong tinf STtoii * S e d m&
STuTTdi";?'H ' ^ ^ !"""ô "ã"" ' ' ' ' ^ ' • " ' = -"•23 (P < 0,001) v T i S ^ ^
tinh S

V, mmg tinh vdi r = 0,19 (p < 0,001). Tro^ kh do, hdnh vlZ
tmh khong CO quan he tuyto tinh vdi hdnh vittungtinh(r = -a03; p > O.S).
Kfit qud ndy, ttudc tito ed difi difin gidi nhu sau: nhtag hoc sinh cd nhiiu
hanh v, duong tinh nhutfifihien flnh cdm quy mfin. vui ve tiifiS ctoi vdi moi
nguoi biet nhudng njiin, gidp dd, thin hiiu n ^ khde... tin fu^g c d T d r h Z
VI am tinh nhu ehi trich. phfi phto ngudi khdc, hifiu tfiing. tfuin q i L X ^ l n i ^
mpi n^m... ttong cdc mdi quan he vdi ngudi khdc va nguoc J , n h i ^ h r s S ^
d It hanh VI ducmg tinh tiii tiivc hifin nhiiu htoh vi dm tfah h™
ulZcfa
xu huongttiuchifn cac hdnh vittungtinh nhu khdng gdy cai co xich mich. kbnn^
nd. xau va xui bay ngudi khdc lto, diiu x Ju vd ngulc lai. Ti^;,^is„ "fiti m Z
quan giua e ^ kito htoh vi dupc ndi dttfindiu tiiip; < 0,3 vfgM t^ myfit afi"^^
kfi!^hd h '
' v ' •"" """"^ " " ^ y^"- *^ '^'" - - ^ " ^ h« IdngTto g t o " c
kieu hdnh yi nay. Ve 3? nghia, edtiifihiiu ring dta ttfi hoto toto cd tf^thlrhKn

ht^ i kSlS^M" T ""'"^ "-""^ ^ "^'^ ^".""S sfi khdng S n

hSh V d u L ^ h "^o''Y™«.1"» "Shi-^h nhung yto gita hdnh vi dm tinh vd
ntoh V, duong tinh ehotfiaympt xu hutog nhu vjy. Cdc kiiu hanh vi ndy vi bto
k f S ' k f a ^ k r ' l " . ' ' " "!?' '"™ " " ^ ^ ^^ ^ ' ^ "^y """S ">ô qu" hfi cto

^^Ê:^^t^:^^St^:^{i^^

-'ã - ^* - ^^^ -

K* K",^1f^ * ^ '^ cudc sing, nhiiu khi dta ttfi flii hito Id ngudi hay eita dd ban

TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd 9 (210), 9-2016

'

-


nrong ding mmg kit bjn d mdi vi tiidnh nifiri Id djc diim khd ndi bjt vd cdc hdnh
vi duong tinh dugc tfii hifin ttong sp Wong ddng dfi.
s i lifiu so sdnh 3 kifiu hanh vi cho tfiiy, ttong 3 kifiu hanh vi d nfin, tiianh
tilifiu nien cd nhihig bifiu hifin ro hon d hdnh vi duong tinh (DTB > 3), ft khi tiii
hien hdnh vi am tinh (DTB < 3) v4 xu hudng khdng phto dinh rd hdnh vi tfieo
hutog ndo cfla cdc hdnh vi ttung tinh (DTB = 3). So stoh dp Ifich chudn cua 3
kiiu hdnh vi cho tfijy, tinh tfiing nhdt cao hon cfla cdc em d hanh vi duong tinh v4
su khde bifit ro hon d hanh vi ttung tinh. Difiu dd ed nghia 14 tiianh ttiiiu nifin
mong dii lihu nhau d miic dp tfii hifin hdnh vi duong tinh nhung khdc bifit d mflc
dp nhit dinh trong thfi hifin edc htoh vi trung tt'nh.
Bdng 2: Diim trung binh va do lich chudn ciig cdc kiiu hdnh vi
Diem trung binh

ItQ lfch cbuan

Hanh vi dironp tfnh

3,718

0,598

H4nh vt fim ti'nh

2,214

0,734

H&nh vi tnin^ ttnh

3,073

0,871

Kieo binb \i

So sdnh hdnh vi Ung xir cia Iri trong cdc mdi quan hf xS hpi
So sdnh cdc kifiu hdnh vi tag xu theo cdc Idt cat gidi tinh, cip hpc, dia bdn
sinh sing v4 hpe van cfla cha me, kit qud chp thiy khong ed sv khdc bifit v i hdnh
vi duong tinh vd hdnh vi ttun^ tinh tiieo cdc Idt cdt n4y d thanh Uiiiu nifin. Cd tiii
thiy, mflr dp thpc hifin cdc kiiu hdnh vi ndy Id khd tuong ding du cdc em 14 nam
hay nti, dang hpc d eip hpc ming hpc co sd hay ttung hpc p h i thdng. Id con cfla
cha m? cd hpc vin cao hay tiiip vd dang sing d Uidnh p h i Idn nhu Hd Npi, thdnh
phi Ho Chi Minh bay cdc tfi4nh phi nhd khdc. Tuy nhifin, cd sv khdc bifit khd rfi
rfit gita edc em v i mta dfi thuc hifin hdnh vi dm tinh, nhihig loji htoh vi cd xu
hutag phd hfly mil quan hfi cfla cde em vfiri ngudi khdc. S i lifiu v i su khac bifit
ndy dupc hiin thj d btog 3.
Bdng 3: So sdnh hdnh vi dm tinh cua Ire theo cdc Idt cit
(Diim trung binh vd dg lech chuin)
Diem trung
binh

fifilecfa

Gi6ritfnh

Nam
NO

2,309

0,760

2,146

0,710

Dia b i n

Hi Nfii v i Ihinh pho Hi Chi Minh

2,381

0,730

Cic Ihinh ohi nhfi

2,132

0,725

Ciclaloil

P
0,001
0,006

TAPCHlTAMLfHpC, S69 (210),9- 2016


H^cvia
ciia cha
H9cvaB
caa me
Kel hop
h^c van
ciia cha
m?

Phi thfing
Tten ph6 thdng
Phi dionp
Tren pho thong
Ciing hoc vin phi thfing
Cung hoc vin nen phfi thong
Cha thap hon me
Cha cao hon me

Jm tinh hJi h

^ ^; " " '""ô *!ã ' * ' ^

2,134
2,298
2,145
2,305

2,126
2.311
2,238
2,246

0,723
0,739
0,729
0,735
0,729
0,743
0,669
0,730

0,000
0,001

0,001

''ã* " *VC hifin nliiiu hdnh vi

khdc b,et nay dvpc quan sdttfidyd tdt cd cae hdnh vi am tinh duoc khao sat, ttong
dd hanh VI rna hpc smh namtiifihifin nhiiu hon nO nhit Id ci gdng ai minh
S

76i,T\Tt,"'^

'™!; '"^ '' "°' '^'- ''^''" ^ ^ *ua de^p din d t Zil

gidi ttong htoh V, quan he xa hoi nhmig nhtag khdc bifit ed y nghia tiling ™ f

Hi rh-^r^'l!? ! 2 * ' i ' ^ "' "H * ' " ' ''"* •=*<= * ^ phfi ldn (Hd Npi,tfidnhphi
W^^r^hi
""" * ° *^y * S hpc sinh d tfitoh phi Idn thpc hito n^iiu h4nl^
Z ^ » f r ^ ? " f ''^ ''\''*' " ^ hoc sinh d cdctfidnhphi nho. Trong si S c
Zmn
: « t " b t ' T "t ';??<*' "^^*^P " ^ ^ "'' ""i I* hinh tfiZg dupe
bieu hifn rd rfit nhat otfianhtfiiiunito sing d cdctfidnhphi lto Trpng nghito
euu cua Afolabi (2()14), kit qud vi sv khdc bifit gita cdc 'khu vpc I A S ' Z vi
S m sMt xdlffii W J ^ / " ' ' * " " " t " ^ '^ ''°- ^^ "«"« " ^ ^ ^ <=ho viec
vlTn dA hi h* • .' 7 f
• """ 1 " ^ ^^ "="= •="" " S " " '^^g Ulc" chat ehe hon
vd do dd,h4nh VI Jmtinhctag dupctiivchifin nhiiu hon.
. ne non
vi a„ . ^ t l " ^ ' '*" '^'"^ ''"° '""^ "'^ hpe vin cta cha m? din vifieflipchito hdnh
VI am unh ttpng quan hfi xd hfii eta con d mii vitfidnhnifin, kirqud so s S i cto
tiiiy xu huong Id con cdi cta cha hay me (xem xfit mot cdch doe ldp) cd mnh dd
hpc van cao hon tfi thpc hifin edc htoh vi ndy nhifiu hon. Con eta cta cdttW^dd
h(« vin cao hontillthi hifin tinh hito tiling vd ndi ddi cao hon cto con cfla me ed
ttinh dp hpe vin cao hontfiifliehifin ndi dfii nhiiu hon mpt cdch rd A Niu X f t
d^t ed cdc loj, hdnh V, dm tinhtfiid Idt cdt mnh dfi hpc vin eta eha Z
n g ' ^ ; ^ ""• " •**= ''^ * ' *^^ ° ^ ^ " " « '°'- hi^" *fcg Vd

TAP CHf TAM ly HOC, S69 (210), 9 - 2016

m S
ta^cwtS


• ^

Kit hpp hpc van cta cha vd metfiicon cai cua cha me cd ctog hpc van nfin
mnh dp phitfidngtiiuchifin hanh vi dm tinh trong moi quan hfi vdi ngudi khdc
nhiiu hon, sau dd den con cfla cha me cdttinhdp hpc vin khdc nhau (hpc van cfla
eha hon me hojc cta me hon cha)tiipchifin it ban. Cdn con cfla cha me cd cflng
mnh do hpc vin phd thong thitfiuchifin it nhdt cdc Ipji hanh vi ndy.
Cd thitiidjr,gifiri tinh, kich cd cta ttitah phi noi n-fi sinh sing vd hpc vin
cua cha me cd mfii quan he chat chfi vdi cdc hdnh vi am tinh ttong quan hfi xd hpi
nhu hay chi mch, phfi phto ngudi khdc, khdng quan tdm, gin gui ngudi khdc, nfii
dii va biiu thing cta thanh thiiu nien. Trong khi dd, cdc yfiu to nhu mdi, cip hpc
Iji khong cd mii quan he mjnh vfiri vific thpc hifin cac htoh vi ndy cfla tre (trit mpt
khia cjnh nhd: mta dfi khfing thich gin gui ngudi khdc d trfi bjc trung hpc phi
thdng ito hon tte d bje ttung hpe co sd). Su khdc bifit bifiu hifin rd rfit nhit d hanh
vi ndi dii, hifiu thing va ehittich,phfi phto ngudi khac.
PhSn tich da biin cdc yeu to tdc dpng den hdnh vt dm tinh Irong qaan h^
xa hgi cua thanh thiiu niin
Tdc dgng ciig gidi tinh ctia con vd hpc vin ciia cha m?
Neu nhu eac phep so sdnh dttfinchi xem xet dnh hufirng cua mfit yeu ti
dfin htoh vi dm tinh cua trfi tiii dudi ddy, ta sS xem xfit ki hon dnh hudng cta sp
tuong tdc gifla cdc yiu to ndy din cde hdnh vi Jm tinh qua phto tich da biin vdi
phfip phto tich phuong sai 2 va 3 nhto ti.
Cp thfi, d diy, ta sfi xem, lifiu tdc dpng ding thdi cta gifii tinh cfla con v4
ttinh dfi hpc vin cta eha me den htoh vi jm tinh trong quan he xd hfii cuattfiefi y
nghTa hay khfing.

Biiu dd I: Hdnh vi dm linh trong quan hf xa hgi cita ngm vd nU
theo trinh dd hgc vin ctia cha m?
Bihnih 1 cho tiiiy rd diim sfi cta hdnh vi dm tinh cua nam vd nii tuong
I h mi t
^ "^"^ ' ' " ' ' '^ '^ '"' " ' • T^ *^y ™ hudng Id t r S

dinh md cha m, eo cung mnh dp hpe vto (ctag bjc phi thdng hojc cflng bdc t ^
20

TAPCHfTAM LynpC, Sa-9 (210), 9 - 2016


d
^
^
T
J

t t r ^ h ^
^l ^ r
h ^ v ^ <=*« ' h a tf,^ hon me ttii eon ttai cd bifiu
l ^ i ^ J ^ ™ ^ f^ hon ttong quan he ung xu vdi ngudi khdc so vdi con
T Z r T T ^ ^ ' - ^ ^ u * * " "=* hinh dp hpe vdn cao hon me tfu lai cd chifiu
Z ! ^ - ^ ' " . " . ^ u ™ " ^ ^ *^'= '^^ hdnh vi dm tinh nhifiuhon nam
c ^ ^ ^ n ^ i ^ ^ ^ ' " " f " " " * vdi gidi tinh c t a con toh hudng md

(T=4ji,:$^fp^o«iro,^.^'^""'™^'^'^^^'*^«-^^«
Nhu vjy, hanh vi dm tinh c t a con ttai hay con gdi Id khdng dn dinh md
fl^doi tfKO l p : yto e t a cta me. Q l tfifi. mnh dp'^hpc v g ^ c t a « S e t a e r ^ h ™
h l T l ^ " 5 : ^ " ^ i * " " h ^ < » " * « » " ^ hdnh vi dm tfnhT^g quan hfi™
^ ^ e S ! ; ^ ™ ! , ' - ^ M.™ ' ^ ' ^ hifin nhifiu hon hanh vi am ti5i so vdi ttfi
nam ttong cung dieu kicn vfi hpc vto c t a cta me.
^^ ^"g'^

gidi tin^ tudi cua cgn, Irinh dd hoc vin ctia cha me

ithac t ^ ^ J e ' Z * " " ^ ^ ^ , 2 '*•• " ^ ™ " " ^ S " " " ^ P h ^ hifin d ttfin ed
i H S T d ^ h ^ o cac lua moi ktae nhau tay khtog (cu flrf 14 nhdm mii 13 oud c t a H K ^ * ^
. ™ • ^ t t ' tuoi 16 - 17 d bjc mmg hpe phd tiidng). Kit

1

1i*

21. Tit 13-15 tuii

22 Taid -17 tudi

Biiu a 2: Hdnh vi dm linh trang quan hi xa hgi cia nam vd nii
"""^tt^c hgc theo trinh dp hpc vin cia cha me
KA u . ^ J ^ ""fi 2 hiin tfli mii quan he da bifin n ^ , trong dd biiu d i 2 1 th^ hift,
toh V, t n ttnh ttong quan hfi x j hpi c t a nam v T i u T S d m t u ^ i t 1 t h i h «
^ eua e t a me, edn bito d i 2.2. Id d nhdm mfii 16 - 17 Ta tfiiv xu h , l i , „ r K ^ d tai biiu d i r i d y ^ hifin mong tdc gita b a U ' s d ^ ^ ^ f l S ' c ^ ^

ti^cta

t ^ vin eao hon nfl ttong cac ^ \ 1 ' ^ L ' ' Z ^ Z ^

t ^ v Z

hojc hpc via cua me cao hon c t a Nhung ttong gia dinh ma h ^ v i T t S ^
TAP CHf TAM Lt HQC, S59 (210), 9 - 2016

™

! ^
hon me tfii hdnh vi dm tinh eta d-e nfl cao hon tte nam (cd y nghta v i mdt tiling
kfi, p < 0,01).
Tuy nhifin. khotog each gita cac dudng hiin thi d hai biiu d i Id khfing nhu
nhau cho thiy, mflc dp khdc bifit ndy khong nhu nhau d nhthig ttfi d cdc nhdm mii
khdc nhau. Biiu d i 2.1. cho ttiiy, sp khdc bifit gitta nam vd ntt Id khd Ifim d cdc gia
dinh md hpc vin cta cha me ed ctag hpc vdn phd thfing hojc cha me cd hpc vin
khdc nhau nhung d trutog hpp eha me cd ctag hpc vto cao thi sp khdc bifit ndy
Iji khfing rfi nfit. Djc biet, muc dfi thvc hifin hanh vi dm tinh cda hpc sinh nii cao
hon hpc sinh nam trong ttutog hpp hpc vto cfla cha cao hon me. Bieu dfi ndy
cung cho thiy, con cfla cha me ed mnh dp hpe vin cao thpc hifin nhifiu h4nh vi dm
tinh hon con cta cha me cac nhdm ttinh dfi hpc van khdc. Trong khi do, d bifiu do 2.2.,
nic 14 d nhdm hpc sinh 16-17 mii, su khdc bifit gida tre nam vd dfi nd Id khd ding
diu d tit cd cdc ttinh dfi hpc vin cta cha me (cac dudng bifiu difin cd dp doc gin
tuong duong nhau). Nhung d mdi nay, eon cfla gia dinh md trinh dp hpc vin eua
cha thip hon m? lai thpc hifin nhieu hdnh vi dm tfnh hon cd.
Nhin chung, mong tdc gita gidi tinh cfla con vd mnh dp hr?c vin cfla cha
me ed dnh hutog rd nfit din vifie tiivc hifin hdnh vi am tinh cfla thanh thiiu nifin d
cd 2 nhdm moi dupc khdo sdt nhimg vdi mflc dp khong nhu nhau.
Tdc dgng cua gidi tinh cia con, hgc vdn cig cha me vd kich c& thanh phd
Kit qud cta tdc dfing ndy dupc hiin tfif d biiu d i 3. Hinh dnh ttfin biiu do
cho tfiiy sv khdc bifit rd nfit gita hdnh vi dm tinh ttong quan hfi xd hpi cfla ttfi nam
Iheo hpe vin cta cta me d cde flidnh p h i cd kich cd khde nhau. Trpng mii quan
hfi da bifin ndy, tde dpng chinh (main effect) cta thdnh p h i din vific flipc hifin
hdnh vi dm tinh ttong cdc mii quan he xS hpi cfla ttfi cd « nghTa v i mjt tiling kfi
(F= 10,29; d f = l v d p = 0,001).

3.1. Thdnhphildn

• 32.

ThdnhphSnhd

Biiu di 3: Hdnh vi dm tinh trong quan hf xd hgi cita Ire nam vcttri nii
a cac thanhphd theo Irinh dp hpc vin cua cha.mf

22

TAP CHf JAM LV HOC, S d 9 (210), 9 - 2 0 1 6


tiianh . ^ ^ H ^ n t x« f ^? ' ^ ^ n™ nhu d cac tfidnh phd lto nhu Ha Npi vd
^ x u hu^°„ h' "fi-1^" °h" « n™ " hdnh vi dm tinh nhiiu hon ttfi nu Id
mpt ™ huong Chung doi vdi mpi ki, hpp hpc vdn cta cta vd me (ttu mrtog hop
hpe v » cua eha cao hon me flii nam vd nu ed xu hudng mong duong nh!u ^
^ Z T t ^ l t : - t '^f'!^
( Q ^ Tri, N-nTB X ^ t a Tllto - H J
ml J ^ :,^h
?
hanh VI am tinh cao hon hto ttfi nam ttong nhung gia dmh
totiK I n ? ^°"8 " 8 ^ / ™ ^ - S '^ ^" hon, Idm cho sp khae bifit vi hfinh vi
Ta ^t, cd h^ ' ^ ' " l " " " ^ « "™ vattfinu fl«y dii hin hudng d nhflng
gia dmh CO hpc van eua cha cao hon cta me.
6 u •-.uiiB
Ket lujn
„^M^^ """^ n f ^ f u'i" "^ * ° *^>'' l"^ "^^ hdnh vi tag xu ttong quan hfi vdi
Z J ^ T^J"t
"'*"ã Eô l " W vi duongtinhv« xu hulig xay tog
^ T t i T c r J ' - ^ "•' " " "•* "^ ™ " I ^ S phd hfly mdi quan he^dLiTvi
M v^^'h^i

harii VI nay cd nhung bito hifin cd mong qn^ vdi' ntau nhung
khd yfiu, chotfidysv dan xen gita cde hanh vi ndy d ttag dta ttfi
Nghifin cdu dd ehi ra ring, khdng cd sv khdc bifit ttong ttiuc hito cdc hinh
v. duong tinh vd mmg tinh d ire nhung cd su khdc bifit kta rt n^ vFtS" hS^
S , rJh™ , ^'"f^i
'"*ã * " " * "ô " ' ' ^ ^ ' - 'ha me vdtfieoWchcd
tiitoh pho nm tte smh stog. Trong dd, ttfi nam tfivc hifin nhifiu hdnT^ to, t i ^

^iu h^^ v T S h ^ t t ^ ' " """J"' "' '"^ ^^ «" PhiZg *™h^

rtS™ 7^ I A T J ^ °" "" hong gia dmh md cta me ed Wnh dfi hic vin phi
*dng; tte otfitohphfi ltottivchifin nhiiu htoh vi dmti'nhhonttfid
fl^phfnS

ehr. . J ^ K * "'ã *^ "^ "^"^ "*"ô "hW c ^ gifii tinh cta con,ttinhdp hoc vin cta
eta mf, cap hpe cua « vd kieh edtfidnhphi noittfisinh sdngtootfiiyr W m l dl
^ Z ^ f l ^ " ^ . ' " '
cd tde dpng din vifictfiucW^tanh vi ^ ^ r t
nam vd tre nd, m,ng dd 14m ttog,h4nh vi dmtinhetattfin i v4 Idm g i S h t o h T t a

TAPCH(TAMLyHpc,Sd9 (210), 9-2016

23


T i i lifu tham khao
1. Afolabi OJ,., Psychological predictors ofprosocial behaviour among a sample of
Nigerian undergaduates, European Scientific Journal January 2014 edition Vol.10,
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inprosocial behavior, 2013.
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86 - 1 IS). Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 111. (1991).
6. Engels Rutger C.M.E., Fiank Vitaro, Endy Den Exter Blokland, Raymond de Kemp,
Ron H.J. Schotte, Influence and selection processes in friendships and adolescent
smoking behaviour: The role of parental smoking. Journal of Adolescence, Vol. 27,
Issue 5, pp 531-544,2004.
7. Gustavo S. Mesch and Ilan Talmud, Similarity and Quality of Social Relationships
among Adolescents. The Univeishy of Haifa, Istael, httpi'/soc.haifaac.il/tahiud/ Homophily
dyads.pdf, 2000.
8. Kandel, Denise B., Similarity in real-life adolescent fi-iendship pairs. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 36 (3), Mar 1978, pp 306 - 312, http//dx doi.
org/10.1037/0022-3514.36.3.306,1978.
9. Hair E.C., Jager J., Garrett S.B. (2002), Helping Teens Develop Healthy Social
Skills and Relationships: mat the Research Shows about Navigating Adolescence,
Trend child research brief, fraininB2
healUiysocialskills.pdf, July, 2002.
10. Rushlon J.P.. Social Learning Theory and Ihe developmem ofpro.social behavior.
In N. Lisenberg (Ed.). The development ofprosocial behavior (pp. 77 - 105) New YorkAcademic Press. 1982.
IT Pursell O.R., Lauisen B.. Rubin K.H.. Bootii-LaForce C. & Rose-Kiasnor L Gender
''J'"-"ee in pattertr, of^•tocialio„het,,eenpro.,ocigl behavior. ^^^^^
f ^ 2 M 7 06To3 2M8

'" ' ^ ' " ™ ' ' ' ^ ' " ^ P ) . 2.472 - 2.481, Doi: 10.1016/

TAPCHfTAMLyHQC, S d 9 (210), 9 - 2016