Nhu cầu giao tiếp của thiếu niên với cha mẹ

C O NGHICNCUU.

NHU CAU GIAO TIEP CUA THIEU NIEN Vdl CHA ME
VO THI XHANH LINH
DQDigcSifph^mHdNOl
Idp 7, a, 9 eiia 5 trudng THCS Trin Ding Ninh, THCS
Nam Hdng, THCS Nam Phong - thdnh phd Nam
Dinh,THCS Nga Son -Thanh Hda,THCS Ldmdndxdp
- thdnh phd Hd Npi. Phuong phip nghidn cilu chii
ylu Id dilu tra bing bing hdi, phdng vin slu vd
phln tfch chin dung mpt sd ea diln hinh. Nhu du
giao tilp Id mpt trong bdn tidu chf d l tim hilu vl
ttnh tlch eye giao tilp eua thilu nidn vdi cha me. Vi
thi, nhdng npi dung tim hilu v l nhu d u giao tilp
cCia thilu nlln vdi cha m? Id mpt trong 4 nOi dung
ddpe thilt k l trong mlu philu tim hilu v l tfnh tlch
eye giao tilp. CIn ed vdo thang dilm quy ddc cOa
ttmg thdnh td elu thdnh ndn tinh tich eye ehiing
tdi chia thdnh 3 mdc cao, taing binh vd thIp. Bin
egnh vide nghldn cdu bing bdng hdi, phyong phdp
phdng vin trdn d e khdch thi; hpc sinh, cha me, anh
chj em, ngydi thin trong gia dinh cung Id nhdng dCf
lidu quan trpng di ddnh gid nhu d u giao tilp vdi
cha m? cda mdi hpc sinh.
3. Mdt id kit qud nghien cthi
3.1. Khdi qudt nhu cSu glao tl^ cOa thieu nj&i
vdi cha mf
Nhu elu 11 mdt ylu td vd eCing quan trpng
trong mpi hogt dpng cCia con ngddi. Nd tao nIn
dpng tyc thdc dly cd nhdn tiln hdnh hoat dOng b^
chlnh nhd nhu d u md con ngddi cd t h i vypt qua

mpi thdthlch, khd khIn, nS lyc hoat ddng d l thda
man nhu d u cua bdn than. Nhu d u la ngudn gdc
ciia tfnh tfch cyc cOa mpi hogt ddng. Trong tfnh tfch
eye giao tilp vdl cha me ciia hpc sinh thilu nlln, nhu
clu glao tilp td mOt thdnh td quan trpng. Khi ti^ cd
nhu d u giao tilp vd nhu clu l y d n g cao bao nhilu
thi dng tdm ting tfnh tfch cyc giao tilp ciia trd ddi
vdl cha me biy nhfdu. Chfnh vl thi, ehCing tdt cung
rlt chO ^ din thdnh td ndy trong khi tim hilu tfnh
tlch cyc giao tilp cOa trd vdi cha me.
Nghien cdu nhu d u glao tilp vdi cha me eOa
thilu nidn chdng tdi thu ddpe kit qui nhusau:
Kit qui eho thSy: Phln Idn thilu nlln dUpc
nghldn cdu ty ddnh gid minh cd nhu d u giao tilp
vdl cha me thIp, chl cd mdt ti Id nhd cd nhu d u giao
2. Ddi tupng va phUdng phap nghien cdu
tilp vdi cha me d mdc eao vd trung binh. Tl II hpe
Nghiln cdu dupc tiln hdnh trdn 503 hpe sinh sinh cd nhu elu glao tilp vdi cha me d mde thSp cao
gIp ddi so vdl nhdm hpc sinh ed nhu d u giao tilp
' CMac vJ PhJ^ngghen {1995),ToJn tdp.TSp 3, NXB Chfnh vdl cha me d mdc cao.

I.DItvJndl
Theo C. MIe nhu d u vl dgi nhlt, phong phti
nhlt cda eon ngUdi Id nhu elu tilp xdc vdl-ngUdl
khdc Nhu elu ndy khdng ngang hdng vdl nhu elu
khde sy phdt triln eiia nd trong mPt con ngydi
chlnh Id mpt dilu ki|n Idm eho con ngydi trd thdnh
eon ngudi'. Nhu d u giao tilp Id ddi hdi t i t ylu cda
eon ngudi dupe tilp xCie vdl con ngddi nhIm dim
bdo sy tdn tgi vd phdt triln con ngudl vdl tU deh td

mdt nhin deh, mpt ehCi thi, thdnh viln cua xl hpi.
DasdcdenhltlmtlhpcUlnXdcQdluchorlng
nhu clu giao tilp xl hpi cda con ngudl xult hi^n rlt
sdm dddng nhu Id bim sinh. Ngay td khi 2 - 3 thdng
tudi, trd da cd nhdng phdn dng bing edm xue khi
ngddi tdn, nhdng ngddi chlm sde, gin gui trd din
gin, cudi khi dUpc gpi, dUpc triu dtia. Nhu d u giao
tilp dupc hinh thdnh trin nIn ting cOa sy tilp xuc
vdi nhdng ngudi xung quanh, trUde hit Id ngUdi me.
Nd dupe hinh thdnh vd hodn thi^n din vdi mdc dp
xa hpi.Tuy nhidn, eimg vdl sy phdt triln, trd md rOng
thdm nhilu mdi quan hd xl hOI ban bd, thIy cd vd
cQng cd thim nhieu kdnh d l trd trao ddi, giao tilp
vd vi t h i nhu d u giao tilp vdi ngddi thin vdl cha me
cd phln b| thu hep Igi. Khi din tudi thilu nidn, nhu
elu glao tilp vdl cha me cua thilu nidn ed sy phln
hda vd mdu thuln. Cdc em mong nhin ddpe sy chl
bdo, dgy do ei^a cha m^ nhung ddng thdi Igi mong
mudn cha me ddi xdvdi minh mpt edeh binh ding,
tdn trpng, ngang hdng nhy ngydi Idn.Thdm vdo dd,
6 dO tudl thilu nlln cung diln ra sy cdl td d c quan
h i xd hpi, ele em ed nhu d u glao tilp cao vdi cle
bgn ddngti-angtia.Trong mdi quan hd ban bd ndy,
nhimg nhu d u tfin cua thilu nien dypc thda mdn
hon so vdl trong quan hd vdl ngddl tdn. Chfnh ylu
td ndy din Idm suy gllm nhu clu glao tilp cua thilu
nlln vdl ngddl tdn ndi chung vd cha me ndi rilng.
Vdy trong qui trinh glao tilp vdl cha me, thilu nidn
ed nhu d u glao tilp vdl cha m? d mdc dO ndo?. Dly
chfnh Id nhdng ndi dung chdng tdi t$p trung tim

hilu trong mOt nghidn cdu mdi dly vd d l elp din
trong bll bio ndy.

trj Qudc gia.

40-KHOAHQCGlAODVC


. NGHl£HC)iuUl
Bdng 1. Nhu cdu giao tiep cda thieu niin vdi cha me
Nhu cSu GT vdf me
MCrc do nhu cau GT

%

S6luang
NhucSuGTthSp

322

64.0

Nhu cdu GT vdl cha

%

S6lugng
313

63.6

Nhu d u G T trung binh

22

4.4

47

9.6

Nhu c l u GT cao

159

31.6

132

26.8

Tong chung

503

100.0

492

DlSm trung binh

Trong sd d e bieu hidn cda nhu d u dupe giao
tilp, chCing tdi nhdn t h I y nhu d u duac trao ddi
thdng tin vd chia sd e l m xde vdi cha me cd d i l m
trung binh t h I p hon so vdi nhu d u duac quan t i m ,
tilp xdc v l nhu e l u h c ^ tdc tham gia cdng vide eimg
cha me.
V I phfa cha me, khi dupe phdng v i n eung cd
nhilu nhdn djnh r i n g con d i khdng mudn trao
ddi cle ehuydn cd n t i l n vdi hp. N h i l u cha me t i m
sy; 'Niu khdng hdi den con thi cd khi cd ngdy chung
khdng ndi vdi minh mdtcdu'Cd ngudi lai chia sd r i n g
'cdc con tdi chl hdi cha me khi mudn xin y kien vimdt
chuyin gl dd md chdu khdng tumlnh quyitdinh duac,
thudng Id nhiJTig ehuyin liin quan den kinh te, hpe
hdnh hodc mdt du dinh ndo dd. Cdn nhUng ehuyin
riing tucQa cdc chdu rdt It khi cdc chdu chia si vdi cha
me:
Qua phdng van t h i l u nidn, chdng tdi nhan t h I y
bdn t h i n d c em cd n h i l u m l u thuan. Mdt mat d c
em mudn dupc cha me quan tdm hdi han, nhung
mdt khde khi dupc quan tdm hdi han thi d e em lal
elm thIy khd chju vi d m g l l e r i n g dang bj cha me
kilm sodt V i n di d d l y chlnh I I d e h thde trao ddi

1.68

100.0
1.63

cCia cha me ddi vdi d c con Idm cho t h i l u n l l n ed
cdm gidc nhU dang bj k i l m solt hole dang bj lyc
v i n . VI t h i ndn nhu d u chia sd, thd Id nhdng ehuydn
ridng t u ciia minh vdi cha me ngdy cdng bi han c h l .
Thdm vdo dd, gida cha me vd con cdi cd sy khde bidt
qud Idn v l nhu d u trao ddi, tilp nhdn thdng tin vd
cdch ddnh gid v i n de do dd trd cdm t h I y khd tim
t h I y sy ddng e l m v l chia s i d cha me minh, vl vay
nhu e l u giao tilp vdi cha me eiia t h i l u nien ddpe
nghidn cCid dat mdc thdp.
3.2. SUphdn bda vinhu cdu giao flip cda tri
ChOng tdi tien hdnh ddi chilu cdc tidu chid timg
nhdm mdc dp cua nhu d u giao tilp gida trd vdi cha
me di xem xdt ed sd khdc biet giCfa d c tidu chi dd hay
khdng. Kit q u i dUpc trlnh bdy d Bilu dd 1.
Quan sdt Bieu do 1 cd t h i thIy: d h l u h i t d c
tieu chi, nhu d u giao tilp cda t h i l u n i i n vdi cha
me dao dpng quanh mdc 1.67 (mde trung binh); cd
su khdc nhau v l mdc dp nhu c l u giao t i l p ctia hpe
sinh vdi cha me gida d c tidu chi vd sy khde nhau v l
nhu d u giao t i l p cCia t h i l u n i i n vdi cha vd me trong
ttmg tilu chf.
Hpc sinh nhd {Idp 7) ed nhu c l u giao t i l p vdi me

Biiu do 1: Diim trung binh nhu ciu glao tiip cda thiiu nien vdl' me vd cha

-Nhu
-*-Nhu
—•—Nhu
—a—Nhu

—•—Nhu

ciu QTvdl m ;
ciu GTvdi cha
ciu 0Tv6t mf
ciu OTvM cha
ciu OTvM me
ciu QTv6l cha
ciu OTvM mf
ciu OTviM cha
ciu GTvdl me
ciuGTvMcha

^^•^•,J.-

SJSO-THANG5/2012 • 4 1


C Q NGHIENCOU.
cao hon so vdi hoc sinh tdn (idp 8,9). Cd sukhde bidt
v l dilm trung binh gida nhu d u giao tilp cCia con
vdi me vd nhu d u giao tilp cOa eon vdl cha trong
timg khdi tdp, nhu d u glao tilp cda hpe sinh vdl eha
thIp hon so vdi nhu clu giao tilp cCia thilu nidn vdl
me. Ddc bi^t xdtridngnhdm hpe sinh Idn {Idp 9) nhu
elu glao tilp eCia d e em vdl cha thIp hon hln so
vdi me dii eimg thuOe nhdm dilm trung binh d mde
thIp (Jf =1.50 so vdl 1.61) vd thIp hon so vdi nhu
clu giao tilp vdi cha eiia thilu nlln nhd (.AT = 1.50
sovdil.74vdl.65).

Td dd ed t h i nh|n thIy nhu d u giao tilp vdl
me cd phln cao hon so vdi eha, nhdng nhin chung
d thilu nlln, nhu d u glao tilp vdi cha m? ed xu
hydng gidm din khi ede em Idn. Phdng vin mpt sd
thilu nlln dang hpc Idp 9 d l xem xdt dc ylu td dnh
hudng din vide nhu clu giao tilp cua d c em vdl cha
me, ehiing tdi nh|n thIy ndi lln nhilu y kiln trong
dd ddng quan tim nhlt Id ^ kiln cho ring sy khIt
khe, khd tinh, thdi dd ndng nly trong nhdng lln tilp
xCie Idm d e em nggi giao tilp vdi eha me vd vl t h i
nhu clu giao tilp cd xu t h i gidm di.
So sdnh nhu elu giao tilp cua hpe sinh vdl eha
me d ttmg trddng vdi nhau chung tdi nhin thIy cd
sy khde bidt v l diem trung binh v l ti Id eua tdng
nhdm mUe dp cua nhu d u giao tilp gida con vdi
cha vd giua eon vdi me. Tuy nhiln, nlu quan sdt vdo
cde mde dp eiia ttmg trddng chung ta cd t h i thIy ti
Id thieu nidn ed nhu d u giao tiep vdl cha, me thIp
nhat thudc v l cde trudng THCS Nga Son, THCS Nam
Phong vd THCS Ldmdndxdp, dilm trung binh cCia
hai trudng ndy chl dgt td 1.47 den 153. Trao ddi y
kiln vdl nhdm hpc sinh trddng THCS Ldmdndxdp
ehiing tdi nhan thIy khi ddpe hdi cde em dlu trd ldi
td rlt mudn dupe giao tilp ciing cha me. Tuy nhidn,
cha me qui bin ndn khdng ed thdi gian giao tilp
cting d c em, ed rlt nhilu chuyin d e em mudn chia
si vdl eha me ngay nhung cha me bin hole ehua v l
vd din khi gdp dupe eha me thi d e em cung khdng
cdn ehuyin d l k l nda.
Trong giai dogn hidn nay mpt hi^n tUpng khd

phd biln d cdc thdnh phd Idn dd Id cha m? bi eudn
vdo vdl gudng quay cOa cdng vide, nIn vide glao tilp
vdl con d l ed phln han chl. Rlt nhilu hoc sinh cdm
thIy cd don ngay trong chfnh gia dinh eOa minh.
Nhilu em giao tilp vdi eha me bing didn thoai hole
mdy tfnh, thdi gian giao tilp true tilp, dupe gap gd
day dCi cl cha tan me ngdy cdng ft. Die bidt, trudng
THCS Ldmdndxdp trong nghidn cdu cQa chiing tdi
td trudng md cd phy huynh tdm trong ede edng ty
42 • KHOA HQC GlAO DyC

nude ngodi vd cdng ty t u nhdn c h i l m tl Id cao n h l t
Do dd, tfnh c h i t vd thdi gian eCia cdng vide cung c6
nhdng ydu d u cao hem nhdng nhdm ngdnh khdc.
Chfnh vl v|y, eha me eung ft cd thdi gian g i n gui con
d i hon. Nghe tdm sy cua d c em, chung tdi thIy rd
mpt thyc t l khd phd b i l n trong giai dogn hidn nay
td: cha m? b i n rpn v l cdng v i l e con edi b i n rdn hoc
hdnh, thdi gian gdp gd, giao t i l p giOd cha me vd con
e l i trong gia dinh ngdy d n g rut n g i n di. D l y cung
td mpt trong nhdng nguydn nhdn dan d i n vide cha
m? con edi t h i l u h i l u b i l t t i n nhau, trd khdng tim
dupc sy chia s i trong chfnh gia dinh cda minh vd ddy
eung td y l u t d d i n d i n sd lupng t r i pham phip, dgt
nhd di lang thang, thdnh l i p ede bang nhdm edn dd,
g l y rdi t r i t tU xa hdi ngdy d n g gia t i n g trong thdi
gian vda qua.
Gida t h i l u nidn nam v l t h i l u nidn ndeung c6
sy khdc bidt n h l t dinh. Nhu e l u giao tilp eCia thilu
n l l n nam vdi cd cha vd me d l u cao hem nd. Ddi chilu

d i l m trung binh d t i m g nhdm gitia t h i l u n l l n nam
vd ndchung tdi nhdn t h I y diem trung binh cda nam
cd nhu d u giao tilp eao licm nd, d d l i c h ehuIn thIp.
D i l u ndy ctidng t d gida d c em nam nhu d u giao
t i l p vdi cha me cao vd ed sy tdong ddng trong ti^
d i n h gid cCia d c em nam vdi nhau. Quan sdt trong
nhdm cd nhu e l u giao tilp vdi eha, me d mdc cao

ehiing tdi nhin thIy thiln niin nd cd ti Id thIp hdn
so vdri hpc sinh nam va c6 sy khae biet rd ndt trong
dilm trung binh v l nhu d u giao tilp cda hpe sinh
nam vdndvdi eha (1.71 so vdi 1.57).
Nhu d u giao tilp vdl cha me cda nhCmg hpe
sinh cd hpc lyc gidi vd khd cao hem so vdi nhdm hoc
sinh ed hpc lyc trung binh vd yeu kem. Khdng cd sir
chlnh Ideh tdn v l ti 11 trong ttmg mUc dd ciia nhu
elu giao tilp gida nhdm hpe sinh ed hpe lye kha,
gldl vdl nhdm hpc tUe trung binh v l ylu, nhung tgi
ed sy khIc bidt diem trung binh cCia nhu clu giao
tilp vd^ eha vd me d ttmg nhdm thieu nlln ed hpc
lyc khdc nhau. Diim trung binh cao nhat thudc ve
nhdm cd hpc tyc gidi (1.71 ddi vdl me v l 1.70 ddi vdi
eha) trong khi dd dilm trung binh cua nhdm thilu
nlln cd hpc tyc trung binh vd ylu chl dao ddng tir
1.59 din 1.65. Td dd cd t h i thSy nhOmg em hoc gidi
cd nhu d u glao tilp cao hon cdc nhdm hpe tyc cdn
tgi, vd nhu d u giao tiep vdl eha me thap nhlt thudc
v l nhdm cd hpe lyc trung binh - ylu.
Nhdm hpc sinh td con d ed nhu d u giao tilp
vdl me cao hon nhdm hpc sinh II eon thd hai va thiJ

3 (T=1.72 so vdi 1.61 vd 1.62). NhUng ddi vdi cha
thi nhimg hpcsinh Id con dt trong gia dmh tgi cd nhu
(Xem tiip trang 64)


I^GlAODUCNUOCNGOAl
ghi biln t i p vidn, nhdng da s6 In phlm phd c$p
duoc xult bin vdl sd lUpng In rlt Idn sd dT mang
tfnh chit phd c^p Id bdi vl trinh dp eOa nhdng ydu
clu thim mT d ddc gid tilm ndng rlt thIp.
Cd thi dlu sao dilu dd cung d n cho chlnh cdc
trd em chdng? Thyc Idng m l ndl, tdi khdng rd vl|c
chdng cd nhdn thdc ddpe sy d n thilt cCia nhdng
kiln thdc sdu sle hay khdng.
V$y thi chlng nhd qui thye sy phlt triln vdn
hpe khdng d n cho mpt ai hay sao! M^t ngydi dam
md dpc sdeh, hon nda, bilt dpc mpt deh am hilu,
bilt cdm nh|n mpt deh tinh t l , mpt ngydi cd trii
tim nhin hlu, bilt suy nghT, bilt dIt ra nhdng clu
hdi khdng ehl mang tinh chit sinh hogt md cdn
mang d tinh chit sinh tdn - mPt con ngddl nhd
v^y chIng nhd Igi khdng d n eho bit cd al trong
mOt dIt nddc r^ng Idn timg tgo nln m$t nln vin
hpc Vl DAI? Nlu tin vdo dilu ly thi cd nghTa Id
khdng cdn tin vdo nyde Nga nda.
Nhdng, thug d c ngdi, chung ta khdng chl Id
d e quan ehde, cdc nhl kinh doanh, d c nhd sd
phgm, ede bde phu huynh. Ngoli t i t el d e vai trd
xl hdi cda chung ta ra, ehiing ta edn cd thdm mpt
vai trd cyc kl quan trpng nda: chung ta dlu sao

cung Id NHCNG CON NGUdl. Vly hd ed ehl bdn
thin chdng ta, nhdng ngddi dypc gido due bing
d e tde phlm cda Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoi, Chekhov,
hd cd ehl ehdng ta Igi tddc dogt nilm vui dd cCia dc
con em chdng ta?
Trong cupe ehgy dua theo d c cdng nghd
nano, li^u chung ta ed biln nln vin hpe vi dai cOa
chdng ta thdnh thdvdn hpe nano, mdtthdvin hpc
mdng manh vd eye nhd din ndl nd hlu nhy khdng
nhin thly dypc?
Chlnh mpt nhl tho Nga vT dgi mdi mit deh
dly khdng llu da viet: "Mpi tiln bp dlu Id ph^n
ddng nlu nhd eon ngddi bj tilu vong".
Hay Id chung ta eung chua dpe nhl tho dd?
U Son dieh
(Theo "Literaturnaja gazeta' sd 4, nim 2011)

SUMMARY
The writer presents some thoughts on the roles
played by literature subject in contemporary Russia
schools.

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIllllllllllllHIIIIMIIIIMIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllinillllllMIIIIIIMIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIinilinilllllllllllllllUIIIIIII^

NHO CAO GIAO TIER CUA THIEU NIEN VOl CHA ME O^Ptheo trang 42}
d u eao hon nhdm hpc sinh Id con cd (A" = 1.89 so
vdl 1.61 vd 1.59).
4. Ket luan
Oa s6 hpc sinh cd nhu clu giao tllp vdl eha me

Id tuong ddi thIp, nhu d u glao tilp vdl me cd phln
nhtnh hon so vdi cha, nhdng nhin chung d hpc sinh
THCS nhu d u glao tllp vdi cha m? d c em cd xu
hudng gidm din khi d e em ldn. Cde em nam ed nhu
d u giao tiep cao hon d c em nd, hpc sinh cd hpc
lyc gidi, khd cung ed nhu elu giao tllp vdl cha me
cao hon nhOmg em cd hpe lyc trung binh vd ylu. Hpc
sinh Id con cd vd eon tit ed nhu d u glao tllp vdi me
cao hon hpc sinh Id con gliig, edn d6l vdl eha nhting
em hpc sinh Id con dt lal ed nhu elu glao tllp cao hon
so vdl nhdng hpc sinh Id con d . Hpe sinh eOng dda
ra nhilu nguydn nhdn din din nhu elu glao tllp vdl
cha me eOa d c em suy gidm nhu^ cha m? b^n rdn,
gid gilc sinh hoat cOa cha me vd con Idch nhau, deh
glao tiep eOa eha me ludn dp ddt, quan nilm deh
nhin nhin vin d l thddng trdi ngdpe nhau...

64*KHOAH(ICGlAODVC

TAI Lieu THAM KHAO
1. Ngd Cdng Holn, Tdm // hpc gia dinh, NXB
trddng DHSP Hd Ndl, 1993
2. Ld Tiln Hting, Niim vui cOa cha me,, NXB Phu
nd, 1978.
3. V.l. Lebedep, Tdm //xd hdi trong qudn II, NXB
Su thdt, 1989.
4. Ode Minh, Gido dgc gia dinh vd tudi thiiu niin,
NXB Phy nd, 1977.
5. Phil MeGrawf, Gia dinh trin hit, NXB Vdn hda
thdng tin, 2005

SUMMARY
The publication Is focused on exploring the
communicative needs among young children with
their parents. The research findings are analyzed an
compared in respect of multiple criteria, including
for example, grade, learning ability, location, sex
The article has shown the level and cause of impact
on eommunieati\^ needs among young children wit
their parents.