Thực trạng việc làm của người lao động ở đồng bằng sông cửu long hiện nay nguyên nhân và giải pháp

TAP CHl P H A T T R I S N N H A N Ll/C - SO J

12020

THl/C TRANG VIEC LAM CUA NGlJdl LAO DONG dOONG BANG
S O N G ClJfU LONG HIEN NAY - NGUYEN NHAN VA GIAI PHAP
THS. PHAN MINH C H l "

TOM TAT
Dong bdng song Cifu Long Id vilng ddt thdp ven bien ciia Viet Nam. nen ludn Id khu vi/c b[
tdc hgi ndng ne nhdl do bien doi khi hdu gdy ra. Vi vgy. dU ddi ddo liem ndng phal Irien nong
nghiip nhung ddi sdng ngUdi ddn ndi chung vd ngUdi lao dong d ndng than noi rieng con rdt
khd khdn. Vdi quy md ddn sdvd ngudn lao ddng ldn vd ldc dg gia Idng luc lU0ig lao dgng cao,
ben cgnh viic cung cdp cho thi Irudng nguon Igo dgng da dgng. thi viec gia tdng dp luc trong
ddp dng vice Idm vd tinh trgng ddi ngheo ciia ngUdi ddn trong khu vile Dong bdng sdng Cdu
Long vdn la dieu ddng bdo dgng.
Bdi vii'l ndy nghien ciiu ve IhUc Irgng viec ldm cua ngUdl lao dgng d Dong hdng sdng Ciiu
Long hiin nay. nguyen nhdn ddn den thuc trgng do vd gidi phdp de gidi quyet viic ldm on dinh
cho ngudi lao dgng.
Tiir khda; thuc trgng viic ldm cua ngudi
lao dgng d Dong bdng sdng Cdu Long hiin
nay.
1. Thuc trang vice lam cia ngu&i lao
dong d Dong bang song Cihi Long hien nay
Dong bing sdng Cflu Long (DBSCL) li
vung cflc nam cua Viet Nam. cdn dflpc gpi
li Vung ddng bing sdng Me Kdng. \iing
ddng bing Nam Bd, Vung Tiy Nam Bd, Cflu
Long hoic theo cich gpi cua ngfldi din Viet
Nam ngin gpn li Mien Ta\, cd 1 Uiinh phd
trflc thudc trung fldng li thanh phd Can Thd

\a 12 tinh: Long An, Tien Giang, Ben Tre,
Vinh Long, Tri Vinh, Hiu Giang, Sdc Trang.
•' Giang \ ien Khoa Dai c

-HipcMcnCfab9TP.HCM

Dong Thip, An Giang, Kien Giang, Bac Lidu
vi Ca Mau. Theo sd lieu ciia Tdng cue Thdng
ke Viet Nam nim 2019, tdng dien tfch cic
tinh, thanh thudc Dong bing sdng Cflu Long
li 40.548,2 km- vi tong dan sd cua cic tinh
u-ong vung li 17.273.630 ngfldi. Dong bing
sdng Cflu Long chiem 13% dien u'ch ci nfldc
nhflng hon 19% dan sd ca nfldc, tdc dp ting
trfldng cap hdn ca nfldc (nim 2015 ting 7,8%
trpng khi ci nfldc ting 6,8%). Chi rieng lua
da chiem 47% dien tfch va 56% sin Iflpng Ifla
ci nfldc; xuat khau gao tfl loan vflng chiem tdi
90% sin Iflpng. Chfla ke thuy sin chiem 70%
dien tich, 40% san Ifldng vi 60% xuat khiu ca
nfldc... Tuy nhien, Ddng bing sdng Cflu Long
dflng vl phfldng dien thu nhip van cdn ngheo


THS. PHAN MINH CHl - THliC f RANG VlgC LAM...

hdn ci nddc: thu nhap binh quin dau ngddi
vdi mdc 40.2 tneu ddng (ci nddc li 47,9 trieu
ddng/ngddi/nim).'"
Sau hdn mpl nim trien khai thuc hien Nghj

quyet sd 120/NQ-CP cua Chfnh phu ve Phit
uien bin vflng ddng bang sdng Cflu Long
(DBSCL)tiifchflngvdi bien ddi khf hau. den
nay DBSCL da dal dUpc mdt sd thinh lUu.
Nim 2018, DBSCL tidp tuc ddng dau ci nude
ve sin lUdng lua. tdm, ci tra vi trii cay, lao
kim ngach xuat khau khoing 8,43 ty USD,
chiem 20% kim ngach xual khau ndng sin
ca nUdc.'-' Ngoai ra, DBSCL dang tifng bUdc
hinh lhinh nhilu vting chuyen canh cic ndng
sdn chu lUc, cd ciu sin xui't chuyen djch tfch
cflc theo djnh hddng ihj uudng, thfch flng tdt
hdn vdi bidn ddi khf hau, bio dim cha't lUdng
vh ning ldc canh tranh.
Tuy nhien, uong qui trinh thUc hien
DBSCL phii ddi mit vdi cic khd khin nhi't
dinh: tie dpng cua bie^n doi khf hiu khien ciu
true mtia vu. ning suit thay ddi, djch benh gia
ling, tii nguyen rflng suy giim. tii nguyen cat
bj khai thic vd tpi va lim nha d ven sdng bi
sut lun, giy ldn thddng ldn ddn vung chiu thd
va sU phit trien bin vflng cua he sinh thii.
Day la nguyen nhan keo theo sd mi't viec Iim
cua ngUdi lao ddng, din de'n viec xui'l cd d at
Ien cic lhinh phd ldn de lam cdng nhan, giup
viec nha vi cac nghi lao dpng chin tay khac.
"Wikipedia. '"Dongbang sting Cuu Long"; tir website; hups;//
\ nvikipedia.org/w iki'%C4%90%E I %BB%93ng_b%E 1 %B
A%B!ng_s''oC3°'oB4ng_C%El%BB%ADu_Long. truy cap
ngay 2.1 S 2019.

'Anh Quang "Phat iri(.n ben vihig vung dong bang song Cuu
Long", lu website https//www nhandan com \T!/naUon_ni.v\5'
itcmM00'J8702-phai-irien-ben-\ung-vung-dong-bang-song-

Viec djch chuyen lao ddng khdng chi inh
hddng xiu ddn cic npi dung phat trien kinh
id - xi hdi mi cdn inh hudng ddn khi ning
phit trien thj trudng sdc lao dpng theo yeu cau
hinh thinh ddng bd he thdng thj UUdng trong
qua trinh phit trien nin kinh tdthj tntdng djnh
hddng xi hpi chfl nghia.
Dua tren ma uin SWOT, tic gii cd nhan
xet vl tinh trang viec lim eua ngUdi lao dpng
DBSCL nhd sau:
1.1. Diem mgnh
- Ddng bing sdng Cflu Long cd quy md
ldn ve dan sd. LUc lUdng lao ddng ddi dio,
kha tre, thdng minh, sang tao, dim dUdng dau
vdi khd khin. Theo Tdng cue Thdng ke, quy
2 nam 2018 DBSCL cd 10,4 trieu ngUdi trong
dp tudi lao dpng uen tdng sd 55,1 trieu ngUdi
lao ddng ci nddc (ehiem 18,9%).'^'
- Ddng bing sdng Cflu Long cd vi trf dja ly
thuan ldi de md rdng quan he giao ldu qudc
id, md rpng thi trudng tieu thu sin pham ndng
- lam - thuy sin cua khu vUc. Ngoii ra, viec
tiep giip Thinh phd Ho Chf Minh se tao ra
nhflng cd hpi phit trien kinh te, thUdng mai,
phal trien thj trUd'ng sdc lao ddng cho DBSCL.
- Cupc cich mang cdng nghiep 4.0 dem lai

nhflng thinh tUu ding ke, giup cac viing kinh
tduong ca nddc uong do cd DBSCL tidp can,
kd thfla va hpc hdi nhflng kinh nghiem vl cdng
nghe phuc vu cho phal trien thj trudng sfle lao
dpng.
1.2. Diem yeu
- Phan ldn ldc lUdng lao ddng khu vUc
Tong cue Thong ke:"Bao cao dieu tra lao dong vi^c lam quy
2 20IS", lir website; />d=512Aidmid=5<emir>= 18993, uuy cap ngay 20/8/2019.


THS. PHAN MINH CHl

DBSCL tap trung d vung ndng thdn. chu yeu
sin xuat ndng nghiep. Tuy cd ci'u kinh te khu
vUc DBSCL Uong nhflng nim qua ed chuyen
bien theo hUdng ting ty upng cdng nghiep va
djch vu. nhdng ddn nay kinh id ndng nghiep
van li lao dpng cd bin, ddi sdng ngudi dan
ndi chung vi ngddi lao dpng d ndng thdn ndi
riSng cdn rat khd khin.
Vdi quy md dan sd vi ngudn lao ddng Idn
vi tdc dp gia ting ldc Iddng lao ddng cao,
ben canh viec cung cap cho thj trudng ngudn
lao dpng ddi dio, thi viec gia ting ip lUc trong
dip dng viec lim vi tinh uang ddi ngheo cua
ngddi din lrong khu vUc DBSCL van Ii dilu
ding bio dpng.
1.3. Cd hoi
- DBSCL li bd phan cua chiu thd sdng Me

Kdng cd dien tfch 40,6 nghin km'. Cd vj tri
nim liln ke vdng Ddng Nam Bd, phia Bic
giip Campuchia, phfa Tay Nam la vjnh Thii
Lan, phfa Ddng Nam li Bien Ddng vdi bd biln
dii 750 km, chidm 23% chilu dii bd bien ca
nddc, li lpi the de phil trien giao thdng van
tii biln vi du ljch. Ngoii ra, day cdn li cd
hpi to ldn dl vung nghien cihi phat trien ning
lUdng sach nhU nang lUdng mat udi, ning
lUdng thuy trieu, ning lUdng gid... vfla gdp
phan phit trien kinh id, vfla tao cdng an viec
lim cho ngddi lao ddng.
- DBSCL manh \ I nginh chd bidn thuy sin
xui't khau, chd bidn rau qui, nganh xay xit
vi cac ling nghi. Da\ li nhflng nginh cdng
nghiep mui nhpn, ludn chidm ty trpng vi tdc
dp ting trudng vi thu hul mdt lUpng Idn lao
ddng.

i r i i j ^ i RAr^iG' !>triAM...

DBSCL dddc sd quan tim cua Chfnh
phu nen nhdng nim g^n da\ thu hut dddc
nhilu du in dau id trdc tidp nUdc ngoii. tap^
trung chfl yeu vio ITnh vUc cdng nghiep che
bien, che tao. Cic dU in niy da phan cd quy
md nhd, cdng nghe tnmg binh \a tao nhieu
viec lim eho lao ddng phd ihdng. Nghi quyel
sd 120/NQ-CP ngay 17/11/2017 ciia Chfnh
phu "Vl phil Irien ben vflng ddng bing sdng

Cflu Long thfch dng vdi bidn ddi khf hau"
di tao cd hpi mdi cho sU phit uiln ben vflng
ciJa vflng.
1.4. Thdch thlic
- Trinh dp chuyen mdn vi ky ning lim
viec cua ngUdi lao dpng khu vdc DBSCL
dang dan dUde cii thien de phu hdp vdi djnh
hudng phit trien ngudn nhan lUc Uong thdi
dai cdng nghiep hoi. hi?n dai hoi, luy nhien,
so vdi mil bSng chung ci nUde thi cha't lUdng
lao dpng khu vUc niy vin cdn thap.
- Tdc dp do tiij hoi d DBSCL khi nhanh
khidn nhilu lao ddng vung ndng thdn mat
viec Iim Uong khi dia phddng chUa cd kd
hoach dio tao, chuyen nghi cho lao dpng.
Cic chi'nh sich dim bio quyin lpi cho ngUdi
lao dpng chda dUdc quan lam sau sic nhu thu
nhap thap nhUng chi phf cudc sdng qua cao
lim cho ngudi lao ddng phai tim ndi lam viec
khic.
- Ddng b k g sdng Cflu Long li khu vUc cd
ty Ie xuat cU vi djch chuyen lao ddng cao nhat
nude, cao gap 3-4 lan so vdi sd ngudi nhip cu
vio cic tinh trong khu vUc nhUng lai cd ly le
nhap cU thap nhi nUdc (sau vung Trung du vi
miln nui phfa Bic). Theo kdt qui cic sd lieu


IIK;"- IMI-;. I'll.' '•h'ii-ivi^' •.m.nicji
THS.

PHAN MINH CHf-THLfCTRANG VIEC L A M . .

dieu ua cua Tdng cue Thdng ke nim 2018, ty
2.1. Dien tich da't sdn xudt nong nghiep d
suat xuat cU td Ddng bSing sdng Cflu Long la dong bang song COu Long bi thu hep do bien
5,7% (cao nhait nUdc), uong khi dd, ty suat ddi khi hgu. Id khong ve
nhap cU den Ddng bing sdng Cdu Long chi cd
Dat sin xual ndng nghiep d Ddng bing
1,1%. Vi gan 97% nhflng ngddi xuat cd khdi sdng Cihl Long la tu lieu sin xuat chfnh cua
Dong bing sdng Cdu Long chpn diem ddn Ii nhilu ngUdi dan song do bidn ddi khf hau,
Ddng Nam Bp.
dien u'ch da't ngay cang bi thu hep dan ddn
- Cd sd ha tang DBSCL chda tddng xflng gia tang tinh trang thai nghiep, thidu viec lim
vdi yeu cau phit trien vi dinh hUdng cdng cua nhflng ngddi sin xua't ndng nghiep d ndng
nghiep hda, hien dai hda kinh td. Viec dio tao thdn. Khdng nhflng vay, bidn ddi khf hiu cdn
ngudn nhan ldc chat Iddng cao cdn han chd. lim nang suit vi sin lUdng sin xui't ndng
Cac phddng thflc khai thic ndng - lam - ngd nghiep bj suy giim, sdc dl khing cua nhilu
nghiep chu yeu van sfl dung cdng nghe lac loai cay trdng, vat nudi giam, tao mdi trUdng
thuan ldi cho nhilu loai djch hai bung phat tfl
hau.
- Tinh Uang d nhiem mdi trudng nUdc vi dd dan tdi sin xuat cua ngddi ndng dan gap
tic dpng cfla bidn ddi khi hau dang inh hUdng nhieu khd khin, thu nhap tfl boat dpng ndng
rat ldn ddn qui trinh phit trien kinh td- xa hdi nghiep thi'p, ddi sdng gip nhilu bap benh.
cLia vung.
Nudc ngiy cing man, khdng thfch hdp
1.5. Tinh trgng thieu viec ldm cda ngiidi trdng vi nudi hai sin, thim chf khdng du
nddc ngpt de udng. ngUdi din DBSCL mat
lao dong d DBSCL
Theo Bdo cdo dieu tra lao ddng viec ldm viec lim, bupc phai xui't cd.

cfla Tdng cue Thdng kt Viet Nam, ty le that
Truyin thdng xda nay, DBSCL sdng nhd
nghiep cua ngUdi lao ddng vflng DBSCL lu. Lu ve dem phu sa bdi dip cho nhflng cinh
Uong quy 2 nim 2018 chiem ldi 36,6% tdng ddng. Trddc diy, khi Iu vl, nhflng canh ddng
sd ngUdi that nghiep cua ca nUdc. Trong khi trung sau thu hoach vu he thu thddng nUdc
dd, ngUdi trong dp tudi lao dpng that nghiep ngap siu 20 - 30 cm, nay kho ndt nd, la chd
DBSCL chidm ly 16 cao nhi't ci nddc (2,81 %), chin thi uiu bd. Nhieu ngUdi thue lai rupng
gap 2 lan so vdi ty le ngddi that nghiep uong mdi mua de chin thi vit ddng, phii dung miy
ca nddc (1,43%).'-"
dau bdm nddc vao rudng cho chung ldi, tdn
2. Nhihig nguyen nhan dan den tinh them chi phf.
trang thieu viec lam cua ngUdi lao dpng d
Ddng bang song Cihi Long
"' T6ng cyc Thong ke-"B4o ciio dieu tra lao dgng vi?c lam quy
2 2018 tu website https/'www gso go\ vn/default aspx?tabi
d •^l2&idmid-'?&IiemID=18993 ttuy c?p ngay 20/8/2019.

Mua nude ndi tfl bao ddi di trd thinh vin
hda cua vung dat niy. Cai ten "nddc ndi" ham
y nddc dang rat cham va theo chu ky, ngUdi
din thay vi phii "chdng lu" thi chi can sdng
chung vdi lu. Bdi lu la ngudn sdng. Vio mua


THS. PHAN MINH CHi -THUCTRANG

nudc. tuy khdng the udng uot, chin nudi, song
bu Iai ngUdi miln Tay cd tiiu nhip tfl nhflng
mdn qui trdi cho nhd tiiiiy sin tu nhien. thu
bii eic loai rau ddng dem bin.

Tuy nhien, do nhieu nguyen nhan. nhU
bidn ddi khf hiu, viec \ i \ dung cic hd dap
thuy dien, thuy ldi tren thUdng ngudn... dan
ddn tinh Uang lu thi'p. khdng cd lu ngiy cing
trd nen thUdng \u\en d DBSCL. Lu khdng
ve, sin xua't va ddi sdng cua hing trieu ndng
din vung DBSCL bj inh hddng nghiem upng.
Muc nude lu tiiip se dan tdi cac he qua nhu
phfl sa ngiy cing ft dan. lUpng thiiy sin fl.
khdng cd dii nUdc ngpt de day min ra xa \ ii
khdng rda dUdc lap chit trong da't, lim inh
hudng ddn chi phf san xui't, ning suit lua va
cay trdng khac. Ngu\ cd ban bin. tiiieu nUdc.
xam nhap min vung cfla sdng khu vUc Nam
Bd dang hien hien. tinh trang xim nhap min
cd the diln ra ra't sdm tfl nhflng thing dau nim
2020. Mua lu dang dan bien mat cung vdi tinh
Uang bidn ddi khf hau \a \iec lam dung xay
ddng dap thuy dien iai thUdng ngudn lim cho
cudc sdng cua ngUdi lao ddng DBSCL ngi\
cing khd khin.
2.2. Tdc dong cda kinh tethi triidng
Kinh td thj trddng phat trien manh. thuc
day sU canh uanh ngiy cing gay gal, quydt
liet gifla cac cd sd sin xuat kinh doanh. Tuy
nhien, nhflng nginh cd kha ning tao ra nhieu
viec lim cho lao ddng ndng thdn d DBSCL
dang gip nhilu khd khan uong bdi cinh canh
uanh. DBSCL hien nay cd khoing 325 ling
nghe, chiem khoing 8.4"^^ tdng so lang nghe

cua ca nddc. trong do cd khoing 30 ling nghi

VifCLA^

cd tudi ddi hdn 100 nim vdi cac nhdm nghe
chu ydu li ddng xudng. ghe: gdm. khai thac
va chd bicn thUe phim: may ti^ dan; del; do
go; di vi kim khf... \di nhilu ling nghe noi
tieng liu ddi nhU Ddng Thip (chidu Dmh
^'en, hoa Sa Dec, nem Lai Vung...). Ben Tre
(binh uing M> Long, binh phdng Sdn Ddc,
nau rUdu Phu Ll...). An Giang (del lua Tan
Chiu, nghi mpc chd Thfl. det thd cam Chau
Phong....), Kien Giang (nUdc miim Phu Quoc,
ngpc irai...). Cic iang nghi trong vung da thu
hut gan 220 nghin lao ddng vdi thu nhip trung
binh 3,2 trieu ddng/thing. Tuy nhien, sd phit
trien ling nghi \ iing DBSCL nhdng nim gan
day gip nhilu khd khiin, thich ihflc. Dddi tic
ddng cua kinh td thj trUdng. nghi thii cdng
vi cac ling nghi cd nhflng bien ddi siu sic,
nhilu ling nghi da bj bidn mi't hoic chuyen
sang nghi khac' ~' Do do, lao dpng, nha't Ii lao
dpng ir^ mat viec lim, phii chuyen dich sang
\hm viec d cic I7nh vUc khic hoac thoit ly
khdi dja phUdng.
2.3. Toe do do thi hoa d Dong bang song
Cdu Long cdn chgm, chda du sdc dethu hut
lao dong du thita d nong thon
Dd thi hda gin bin vdi cdng nghiep hda,

theo do la viec md rpng cic nginh cdng
nghiep vdi nhilu cd sd sin xua't, khu cdng
nghiep, khu chd xui't, cdng trinh do thj nhU
cic trung tim djch vu, khu do thi mdi... tao
ra nhflng nganh nghi va viec lim mdi thu hut
lao dpng ndng thdn. Tuy nhien, do ty le do thj
••• TS. Truong S> Vinh (13/11/2018); -Phat trien du ||ch lang
nghe viing Ddng bSng song Cuu Long", tir wtbsiie; hiip;//baodu! ich.net. vn/Phat-tnen-du-lich-lang-nghe-vung-Dong-bangsong-Cuu-Long-03-17270.html, ttuy c^p ngay Hi/5/2020.


THS. PHAN MINH CHf - THL/C TRANG VIEC LAM...

hda cua ddng bing song Cilu Long chda cao,
d cic do thj vin chu yeu Ii cac doanh nghiep
vfla vi nhd boat dpng, cac cd sd sin xuat cdng
nghiep chfla the thu hut het lao dpng nong
thon dan ddn mdt bp phin lao dpng ndng thdn
thidu viec lim hoic that nghiep.
Ddng bkng sdng Cflu Long cd khoang 47
khu cdng nghidp, trong khi dd d Ddng Nam
Bp cd 147 khu cdng nghiep, miln Bic cd
62 khu cdng nghiep. Tren thdc id, sd Iddng
khu cdng nghiep dang boat ddng cdn han che
nhdng vflng lai quy hoach rat nhilu khu cdng
nghiep, vdpt qua nhu cau thdc td, inh hudng
den van dl viec lim cua ngddi ndng din d
ndng thdn. Trong khi dd, sd doanh nghiep
hoal dpng uong cic khu cdng nghiep ft, ty
le lap day khu cdng nghiep thi'p dan den khi
niing thu hut lao ddng ndng thdn thi'p. Phan

Ii3n cie khu cdng nghiep, cum cdng nghiep
d ddng b ^ g sdng Cflu Long chi sfl dung
khoing 5 - 40% dien tich da't, sdcdn lai dang
n ^ uong tinh trang "phdi sUdng", Uong do
cd hing ngin hecta dat miu md n^m canh bd
sdng Tiln, sdng Hau bj dda vao quy hoach rdi
bd hoang, giy lang phf^'.

tao viec lim: cd 4.15% lao ddng dddc doanh
nghiep bao tieu sin pham vi chi cd 0.98%
lao dpng dddc doanh nghiep tuyen dung. Lao
dpng khu vdc niy dang cd xu hUdng gii hda,
ty le lao dpng uong dp tuoi dUdi 35 giim tit
45,5% nam 2012 xudng cdn 38,9% nim 2017,
lao dpng tfl 50 mdi ud len ting tfl 20,7% len
26,8%. Trong nganh ndng lam thuy sin, lao
ddng dddi 35 tudi giam 37,4% xudng 26,2%
vi lao ddng td 50 tudi trd len ting 24,1% len
34,1%."''' Nguyen nhan do viec trien khai cic
chfnh sich dio lao nghi cho lao dpng ndng
thdn cdn thieu thUc te, tap trung vio ly thuydt
qui nhieu. Phan ldn lao dpng trong nginh
ndng lam thuy sin chua qua dio tao; lao ddng
Uong nginh ndng lim thuy sin cd xu hudng
chuyen djch sang nginh cdng nghiep, xay
ddng va doanh nghiep...
2.5. He thdng ho trd gjao dich tren thi tnidng
siic lao dgng con nhiiu ban che
Cic trung tim day nghe va gidi thieu viec
lim trong khu vUc tuy nhilu vl sd lUdng

nhUng chUa dim bio vl chit Iddng, chu ydu
tap trung vio viec dao tao nghi, xem nhe
chdc ning td van va gidi thieu viec lim.
Hoal dpng dien ra Uong cac hpi chd viec lim
chda dip flng nhu cau tim viec lim, tuyen
dung lao dpng cua ngddi lao dpng va ngddi
sfl dung lao dpng.

2.4. Hieu qud ddo tgo nghe cho lao dgng
nong thon rdt thdp
DBSCL la vflng dddc hd Ud dao tao ldn
nha't ci nddc nhUng hieu qui dio tao lai thi'p
nhi't, cd 78.3% lao dpng dUdc dao tao cd viec
lim (trung binh ci nUdc li 81.3%). Thuc id,
cd 93,7'^r lao ddng dUpc dio tao nghi phii tU

3. Giai phap viec lam cho ngUdi lao dong
is Dong bang song CuTu Long hien nay
Du nguyen nhin khich quan hay chu quan,

"' Phuc Nguven- •"Hifu qua dao Igo nghe cho lao dong nong
ihon rat thap tuwebsiie https//cafeland \'n/qu\ hoach/dongbang-song cuu long-nhieu kJiu cum cong nghiep dang-phoisuong-43916hUnI truy cgp ng^y 10/5/2020

'"' Phuc Nguyen. "Hieu qua dao tao nghe cho lao dgng nong
thon rat thap"; tir website: https.//cafeiand.vn/quy-hoach/dongbang-song-cuu-long-nhieu-khu-cum-cong-nghiep-dang-phoisuong-43916.hlml, truy cap ngay 10/5/2020.


)

-^.--' ^ V!..,

THS. PHAN MINH CHl IHUC IKAIMUVie^

phii thfla nhin ring DBSCL da khdng cdn
dupc thien nhien yeu chieu nhu trUdc. Thay vi
trdng chd nhihig mua nudc da\ may rui. Nhi
nUdc vi ndng din phii chu ddng thfch dng vdi
tinh hinb mdi. Dudi diy li mpt sd giai phip
cd bin:
3.1. Phdt trien ben vOng DBSCL thich
dng vdi bien ddi khi hgu, phdt trien kinh te
bien xanh d DBSCL
De chu ddng chuan bj phuc vu sin xua't
vi ddi sdng ci trUdc mil vi lau dii cho vung
DBSCL, cic bd, nginh chflc ning vi cic dja
phUdng can sdm cd giii phip dng phd tinh
trang DBSCL ngiy cing cd nguy cP "khdng
cdn lu". Can quy hoach, chuyen ddi cd ci'u
cay trdng, nginh nghe mdt each phu hdp, han
che dien tfch udng lua va nhdng cay udng
can nhieu nddc, chuyin ddi sang udng nhihig
loai ciy sfl dung ft nddc. Tranh thu nhflng luc
triiu cddng dang cao day nUdc ngpt vao ddng
rudng va can cd giii phip gifl lUdng nUdc niy
d lai. Nhflng khu vUc trung cd the tinh tdi
viec nao vet cho siu. ling kha nang u'ch nUdc
nhieu nhil cd the.
DBSCL nen dng dung cic thinh tdu khoa
hpc mdi de can thiep vao quy trinh canh tic
truyin thdng nhim giim bdt tic ddng tieu
cUc den ndng nghiep mien Tay. Vf du nhU

tai Israel, ndi nin ndng nghiep dang phil
trien hien dai vi bin vflng uen sa mac, cdng
nghe cao di tao ra dieu kien phu hdp cho cay
udng, vat nudi bit chip thdi thidt khic nghiet.
Thay vi chd phfl sa bdi dip, chfnh quyin cd
the hddng dan cho ngudi din each lim de dal
rudng dupc luan canh, sd dung quy liinh hihi

cd. cdng nghe vi sinh, cd gidi hda diay cho
sdc lao dpng, khuyen khfch vi phd bien cdng
nghe mdi. Cd nhU viy. ngUdi din \ ung IQ mdi
yen tam san xui't irong mdt tddng Iai khong
cdn nude phu sa.
G ^ kdl yeu cau phil uien kinh id ndng
nghiep vdi cdng nghiep. kinh te bien,flngphd
bidn ddi khf hau \ a nUdc bien ding, uong dd,
chu y phit uien hii hda hinh lang ven biln
vi cic do tili ven biln. Ddng tiidi. phit trien
toin dien nginh hai sin thinh tieu vung kinh
te hii sin Upng diem cua cii nUdc. Mit khic,
can ting cudng ning iUc giim sit va quin ly
boat dpng khai thac. nuoi trdng thtiy sin bin
vflng; cic hoat dpng xa tiiai giy d nhiim mdi
trddng.
3.2. Gidm ty le mdt viec ldm do tdc dotig
cua kinh tethi triidng
De giim ty le mat viec lim do tic dpng
cfla kinh td lhi trUdng, trUdc m^t thj trUdng
lao ddng DBSCL can liep tuc dddc phit trien
theo hudng hien dai hda va thi trddng. Khudn

khd lual phip, the chd, chfnh sich thj trUdng
lao ddng can sdm dUpc kien loan. Chu trpng
ho trd lao dpng di cU tfl ndng thdn ra thanh
thj, cac khu cdng nghiep vi lao ddng vung
bien; hd trd tao viec lam cho thanh nien,
ngddi khuydt tit, ngudi dan tpc thieu sd, phu
nfl ngheo ndng thdn, thf diem dit hing hdp
ddng vdi trung tam dich vu viec lim va cic
to chdc, ddn vj cd Uen quan khic nhU: Phdng
Cdng nghiep ThUdng mai Viet Nam (VCCI),
Trung Udng Doin, Hdi Lien hiep Phu nfl Viet
Nam, Hdi Ndng din Viet Nam... de thUc hien
cic hoat ddng ho Ud tao viec lam.


THS.PHAN MINH CHf-THLfCTRANG VIEC LAM..

3.3. Phdt trien viec Idm dDong bdng song
Cdij Long dethu hut lao dgng
Mudn phil uien viec lim de thu hut lao
dpng, DBSCL can phii thuc day md hinh lien
ket vCing de phit huy thd manh cfla toan vung
Ii Ida gao, trai cay va thfly sin. Sd lien ket niy
se lao md hinh sin xuat kh^p kfn tfl ngUdi sin
xuat ra ngudn nguyen lieu cho ddn giai doan
che bidn vi van chuyen thanh pham. ThUc
hien sfl lien kdt niy se lim ting nhanh cic
khu chd xuat ndng, thuy sin, gdp phan lim
cho sU chuyen djch nhanh hdn ve cd ci'u xa
hpi - nghi nghiep theo khu vUc kinh tdvi loai

hinh kinh id. Ngoai ra, DBSCL can cd chi'nh
sich khuydn khfch vi cii thien mdi trudng
dau tu de thu hut dau tU trong nUdc vi qudc
le vio phit Uien vung. Thu hut va cii thien
mdi uudng dau tU se gdp phan lam da dang
hda loai hinh kinh tdd dja phddng, giup giii
quyel viec lim tai chd vi chuyen djch cd ci'u
xii hdi - nghi nghiep theo loai hinh kinh te
cd hieu qua hdn, trinh lim qui lii cho loai
hinh kinh te nhi nUdc. Ddng thdi, gdp phan
tao ra canh tranh lanh manh vl thu nhip gifla
cac loai hinh kinh id. De lim dUdc dilu nay,
can thUc hien nghiem chd dp kilm Ua, giam
sil vl boat dpng cua cic Ioai hinh kinh idve
thflc hien chd dp cho lao ddng; thdc hien thu
tuc dau tu gpn vi nhanh chdng phu hdp vdi
phip luat; du dii vl da't dai, thue'... vi cd cam
ket vl dio lao vi sfl dung lao dpng cua dia
phUdng.
3.4. Dao tgo nghe cho lao dong nong thon
Viec can thiet va cap bich hien nay ddi vdi
ngudn nhin ldc cua DBSCL li ning cao trinh

dp ky ning cfla ngudi lao dpng thdng qua dio
tao nghi. Uu tien dio tao cac nginh, nghi
phu hdp vdi nginh, lmh vUc sin xui't chuyen
ddi; xda bd hoic nang mdc gidi han sd Iddt
tham gia hpc cho phu hdp vdi tinh hinh thdc
td; phit trien cd sd giio due nghi nghiep hieu
qui. Thuc day lien kdl Uong dio tao gin vdi

tuyen dung lao dpng. Nghta li, sU phoi hpp
gifla eic cd sd day nghi vi cic doanh nghiep
phii thUe su chit che, lao dpng di qua dio tao
can dUdc tin dung. De dip dng dUdc yeu cau
tii cd ci'u ndng nghiep do Chi'nh phu dl ra,
can xay ddng De in chuyen ddi nghe vi lao
viec lim viec lim cho lao dpng ndng nghiep
ndng thdn nhim dim bao sinh kd, ddi sdng
ngUdi din vi phil uien dn djnh ben vflng,
tip trung dio tao cbo lao ddng ndng Ihdn cd
lay nghi cao. tfch cUc trien khai chddng trinh
Woj .xd mot sdn phdm. Mdi ca nhan cd tdt thi
tap the mdi tdt. Tfl do, hddng den phit trien
DBSCL mdt cich toin dien.***'
3.5. He thdng ho trd giao dich tren thi
tnidng sdc lao dgng
De dng phd vdi nhflng thich thdc trong
tUdng lai, ndng din can nhieu hinh dpng
tfl phfa Nha nddc. Vf du, chi'nh quyin dja
phUdng cd the tao ra viec Iim mdi bang cich
thu hut cac doanh nghiep dau tU (khdng can
quy md Idn), song song vdi day manh day
them nghe mdi cho ndng dan. Ben canh dd.

"' Aus4Reforni (01 S/2019): "Lao dpng nong nghiep nong thon
6 DBSCL thieu hut ca ve chat lugng va so lugng"; tu website,
h ttp://a us4re fo rm .org. vriiTi n-tuc-va-truyen-th ong/Ti n-Chuongtrinh/lao-dong-nong-nghiep-nong-thon-o-dbscl-thieu-hut-ca\e-chat-luong-va-so-luong-437908A truy cap ngay 11/5'2020.


CiA«THS. PH AN iVIINH CHI - THOCl IWNu vici^

ning cao ning !Uc. tuyen truyen. kiem tra.

chdcdiotao. lip hui'n cho dpi ngu tU van vien

giam sal, dinh gii thUc hien dd in, uong dd:
(i) ting cudng dao tao, tap hui'n. bdi dudng
ning cao ning ldc cho cin bp quin ly nha
nddc vl viec lam; (ii) phdi hdp vdi cic ddn vi
lien quan xay dUng khung chUdng trinh va td

cua trung tim djch vu \ ice lim: (iii) thdng tin.
tuyen truyin tren cac phUdng tien thong tin
dai chung \ l lao ddng. \ice lim. nhat li cho
lao dpng ndng thdn. lao dong di c\i vn cac doi
tUdng lao ddng die thu.