Tác động của thực tiễn quản trị nguồn nhân lực đến sự hài lòng công việc và cam kết tổ chức trường hợp các doanh nghiệp chế biến thủy sản tại đồng bằng sông cửu long

Q U A N TBI KINH DOANH

TAC DONG CUA THUC T I I N
QUAN TR! NGUON NHAN LUC DEN SU HAI LONG
CONG VIEC VA CAM KET TO CHLTC: TRUCJNG HOP
CAC DOANH NGHIEP CHE BIEN THUY SAN
TAI DONG BANG SONG COU LONG
Nguyen Thanh Hun^
Trwotig Dgi hoc Tra Vinh

Email:
Dyp-ng Thi Tuvit Anh
TVwdng Dgi hoc Tra Vinh
Email:
Lam Thi Mv Lan
Tru'dng Dai hoc Tra Vinh
Email:
t^gay nhan: 12/02/2019

Ngay nhan lai: 06/03/2019

Ngiiy duyet dang: 12/30/2019

^^^Wghien cm nhdm ddnh gtd dnh hu&ng cita thuc lien qudn tri ngudn nhdn luc din
^mk
f^di long vd cam kel to chiec trong cdc doanh nghiep che bien fhiiy sdn thong
qua nhdn thiec tie ngu&i lao dpng trong doanh nghiep. Mdu nghien cuu duac khdo sdl tie 289
nhdn vien vd qudn ly dang Idm viec tgi doanh nghiep. Phuang phap cdn bdng cdu true luyen
tinh (SEM) duac thue hien de phdn lich cdc nhdn to trong md hinh nghien cuu. Ke't qua nghien
cieit cho ihdy thiec tien qudn tri nguon nhdn luv co dnh hu&ng tich eiec true tiep den suhdi long
cong viec vd cam ket td chiic, sie hdi long cong viec eo tdc dpng dieang den cam ket to chiec.

Tit khoa; thiec lien qudn fri ngudn nhdn luv, hdi long eong viec, cam kef to chiic.
I. Gio'i thi6u
1994). Su gia tang tam quan trong cua ngudn
Ngudn nhan luc duge xem nhu la mdt nhan lue duac the bien rod ca 2 yeu td; Cung
trong nhung yeu td quan trgng nhat eua cac va eau ciia thi trudng lao ddng Trude su phat
doanh nghiep hien nay Ci cip do vT md, theo trien ciia kinh te tri thirc, cac edng ty dang
ly thuyet tang trudng ngi sinh da cho thay su gap nhieu thach thue trong viec dao tao nhan
tich luy von con ngudi ciu thanh yeu td vien cho mot tbi trudng lao dgng dae trung
chinh cho tang trudng kinh tl vT md (Mankiw bdi tinh trang lao ddng thieu trinh do, them
va cong su, 1990). 6 eip do vi md, ngudn vao dd nin kinh te tri thuc cung duge dac
nhan luc duge xem nhu la nguon cung irng trung bdi su phat trien va canh tranh ngay
I6n cho su duy tri lgi tbl canh tranh eho cac cang tang cua eac doanh nghiep (Audretsch
doanh nghiep tu nhan (Wright va cdng sy, and Thurik, 2001). Do do, viec tang cudng
—
So 127/2019

khoa hoc

^

*'"^'*"''"'^'

*1


^ U A N TBI KINH D O A N H J cong tac quan tri ngudn nhan luc (HRM) la
mdt trong nhung yeu cau can thiet va cap
bach trong cac doanh nghiep hien nay, la
quan trong ban so vdi quan tri cac ngudn
canh tranh khac vi con ngudi sir dyng cac tai

san ciia cdng ty, tao ra kha nang eanh tranh
va giiip eong ty dat duge muc tieu mong
mudn. Do do, eae doanh nghiep can phai
bilu duge nhirng mong dgi tu luc luong lao
dong eua minh, eh^ng ban nhu nhung mong
mudn vl thim quyen, sy hap tac cua nhan
vien vdi nha quan tri, hop tae giira nhan vien
vdi nhan vien, sy the hien ky nang cua ngudi
lao dong, su hai Idng va sy cam ket, thai do
va sy hien dien, hanh vi cua nhan vien. HRM
giiip thuc hien duac eac muc tieu cua nhan
vien gin vdi mue tieu eua td chue, eung cap
vl nhttng ky vong duoc xac dinh thdng nhat
vl nhirng gi dy kiln se lam, nhung ky nang
dy kiln se cd, hanh vi du kien thue hien
(Armstrong, 2014).
Lado and Wilson (1994) xae dinh HRM la
mot he thong, mdt tap hop rieng biet cac
thanh phin lien quan den cac boat ddng, chirc
nang, quy trinh duge hudng vao viec thu hut,
phat trien va duy tri ngudn nhan luc. Tuy
nhien, tiiy theo dae diem nganh nghe, van hda
tirng khu vye hay mue dieh nghien cuu ma
cac thanh phan do ludng thyc tien HRM duge
the hien khac nhau, dieu nay the hien qua eae
nghien cuu ciia Pfeffer (1998), Singh (2004),
Guest (1997).
Tai Viet Nam, cac nghien cuu ve do ludng
thuc tien HRM da phan tap trung cac doanh
nghiep nhd va vira it thay nghien ciru ve su

tac dong cua thyc tien HRM den su hai Idng
va cam ket td chuc trong ehuyen nganh cu
the, dac biet la nganh che bien thuy san. Bai
viet nay nham kiem dinh mdi quan he giCra
muc do thyc bien HRM., su hai long cdng
viee, gan ket td chue trong Qac doanh nghiep
khoa hoc
thirongma

chi biln thuy san tai khu vuc Ddng bang
Sdng Cuu Long
2. Cosdly thuyit va mo hinh nghien cuu
1.2. Ct/sd'ly thuyit
Thuc tiin HRM
Sehuler and Jaekson (1987) eho rang thuc
tiln HRM la mdt qua trinh nhim thu hut, phat
triin, thiie diy va duy tri nhan vien de dam
bao thue hien cdng viec dat bieu qua va hoan
thanh tdt muc tieu cua td ehCrc Ben canh do,
thyc tien HRM cung duac dinh nghTa la mpt
tap hgp eae chinh sach trong ndi bd duge thiet
kl va thyc hien nhSm dam bao ngudn nhan
luc ddng gdp vao viec dat duge eac muc tieu
kinh doanh cua td cbire (Delery & Doty,
1996), Nd duac xem nhu la mdt chirc nang
quan trgng trong boat ddng mdt td chitc, bao
gdm tuyin dung, dai ngd, phat trien lien quan
din cac to chirc, an toan, thiic day nhan vien,
ebam sdc sire khde, chia se thdng tin va dao
tao, quan ly hieu qua tat ca eac boat ddng co

lien quan den eac nhan vien va nhung each
thuc giup nhan vien thuc hien cac hoat ddng
de dat duge eac muc tieu cua td chirc
(Jabanian & edng su, 2012).
Phin Idn cac nghien ciru ve HRM duac
hieu la "boat ddng quan ly nhan vien", hoat
dgng nay ed the duge chia thanh khia canh
thue hanh hoae ky thuat (Guest va cdng sy,
2004) Chang ban, viec lua chon nhan vien
(duge xem nhu la thuc hanh) cd the lien quan
den kiem tra tam ly, phdng vin, danh gia ..
(ky thuat), he thdng luong thudng cd the bao
gdm chia se lgi nhuan va tra luong dua tren
ket qua hoat dong (ky thuat). Thyc tiln HRM
CO the duoc ky vgng thuc diy nhu'ng thudc
tinh khdng the bat chudc trong ngudn nhan
iyc, dilu nay giup td chuc cd duoc mdt lgi thi
c&nh tranh va tang cudng hieu suit hoat dong
(Huselid, 1995; Delaney and Huselid, 1996)

s3T27/201t)


QUAN TBI KINH DOAIiH[:;i
Dya tren eac nghien cuu trudc day cd the
thiy chirc nang va chinh sach thuc tiin HRM
CO nhiiu khia c^nh, kit hap d^e thu nganh che
bien thuy san, thyc tien HRM trong nghien
ciru nay la thang do da hudng, duge do ludng
gIm 7 thanh phan' tuyin dung, dao tao, danh

gia, luang, dai ngd, tinh dn dinh cdng viec,
khuyin khich su tham gia va ddi mdi.
Hai long cong viec: Su hai long trong
cong viec duge de xuat dau tien bdi Hoppock
(1935), theo do, sy hai Idng trong cdng vi^c
CO nghia la mirc do hai long ciia nhan vien
trong hai khia eanh cua tam ly hge va sinh ly
hpc vl cac yeu td mdi trudng. Dd la, phan
ling chii quan ciia ngudi lao ddng khi tham
gia lam viec.
Sy hai Idng vdi cdng viec chii yeu dua tren
nh|n thirc ciia nhan vien ve nhiing dieu ma td
chirc dap ung duge nhu cau eua ho (Cranny &
cong sy, 1992). Price (2000) de cap sy hai
long trong edng viec la thai dd cam xiie cua
ngudi lao ddng ddi vdi edng viec.
Smith va cdng su (1997) eho rang sy hai
long trong cdng viec cd nghTa ta cam giac
hoac phan iing cam xuc ciia mdt ca nhan ddi
vol tat ca eac khia eanh eua cdng viec. Nhan
vien danh gia sy hai Idng dya tren nam eau
tnic; cong viec, thu nhap, thang tien, su giam
sat va dong nghiep. Do do, Su hai long trong
cong viec co nghTa la muc do hai Idng hoac
khong hai long cua mdt ngudi vdi tat ca cac
khia canh ben trong hoac ben ngoai eua cdng
viec (Mengue, 2013).
Cant ket td chiec (cam ket cita nhdn
vien): Ly thuyet ve cam kit vdi cac khai
niem duac xae djnh bit dau bdi Becker "mdt

ca che tao ra hanh vi con ngudi phii hap"
(Becker, 1960). Tiip theo do, Porter et al
(1974) giai thich eae khai niem ve cam ket td
chuc nhu la thai dp ciia nhan vien ddi vdi tap
the to chuc ciia hg va xac dinh them cam ket
So 127/2019

cua td chiic la "sue manh dl nhan bilt ciia
mdt ca nhan ciipg tham gia vao mdt td ehirc
cu the". Cam ket tl chuc ciing duac the hien
nhu la mgt trang thai tam ly tao thanh cac
mdi quan he cua nhan vien ciing vdi cac td
chuc va quyet dinh dl d lai hoac rdi khdi td
chire (Meyer & Alien, 1991), la moi quan he
tinh than gitra ngudi lao ddng va td chirc, lam
giam kha nang rdi bd cac td cbire (Allen &
Meyer, 1997).
Cam ket nhan vien cao se de dang nam
bat duac muc tieu va gia tri cua td chue
minh; mdt su san Idng nd lyc cho su thanh
cdng cua td chiic; va mdt udc mudn khdng
gidi ban de d lai td chiic hien nay (Porter,
1974). Chi khi cac thanh vien cdng nhan td
chire va thyc bien mgi nd luc de giiip to chirc
dat hieu qua tdt thi sii'e manh cua sy cam ket
hay su hai Idng cdng viec se anh hudng den
muc tieu va ket qua boat dong doanh nghiep
(Steers, 1977).
Cau tnic cua cam ket td chirc gdm ba
chilu: (1) Cam ket tinh cam de cap den

tinh cam gin bd cua nhan vien, sy tham gia
mdt nhan vien vi myc tieu cua td chirc; (2)
Cam kit loi ich la sy san sang d lai trong
mgt to chuc vi nhan vien cho rang minh cd
nhiing khoan dau tu trong td chuc ma ehua
the thu duge, (3) Cam ket nghTa vy la su
cam kit ma mdt ngudi rin rang hg can d lai
td ehiic dl thyc hien eae nghTa vu (Allen &
Meyer, 1997).
Thue banh FIRM true tiip anh hudng din
sy hai long cdng viee eiia nhan vien va tu do
thuc diy cam kit ciia td ehuc (Ulrich, 1997).
Tuy nhien, cac ehinh sach va thu tue ILRM
gdm nhiiu khia canh. Do dd, quan trong la
cac td ehuc xac dinh vai trd ciia HRM trong
viee quan ly lye luong lao ddng va su dung
phuang thirc quan ly sao cho phu hgp vdi nhu
cau nhan vien,
khoa hoc
thifdnn mai

.s43


QUAN TBI KINH DOANH^
Cac nghien ciiu cung cho thay su hai Idng
cua edng viec va y dinh d lai td chue thdng
qua su tuang tac vdi nhiing ngudi quan ly
tryc tiip trong cung mot mdi trudng lam viee
(Naumann, 1993). Trong do, thyc tiln HRM

cd anh hudng tryc tiep tieh cue den sy hai
Idng cdng viec eua nhan vien (Steijn, 2004).
Do dd, gia thuyet:
HI: Thue tiin HRM dnh hu&ng tich ciee
den su hdi long cong viec
Hieu suit cua nhan vien ddng mgt vai trd
quan trgng trong viec quyet djnh sy thanh
cdng ciia cac td chuc Mdt trong nhung yeu td
quyet dinh tien de de thu but va duy tri mdt
ngudi nhan vien gidi, tao nang suat cao thi
nhat thiet nha tuyen dung va nha quan ly nhan
thirc rd mdt trong nhirng yeu td tien de dd
chinh la cam ket cua nhan vien (Ajila &
Abiola, 2004). Boxall & Purcetl (2011) cung
cho rang thyc tien HRM se anh hudng hanh
vi eua nhan vien, trong dd cam ket nhan vien
la yeu td quan trgng de dat duac sy thanh
cdng td chirc Gia thuyet
H2: Thuc tien HRM dnh hu&ng thudn
chieu den cam ket to chiec
Cac nghien ciru da chi ra rang nhung nhan
vien hai Idng cdng viec cd xu hu'dng cam kit
vdi mgt td chuc. Mdi quan he gitia sy hai Idng
vdi edng viec va bieu qua cdng viec khdng
nhat quan gitra cac ca nhan hay giira cac cdng
viec (Cooper-Hakim and Viswesvaran, 2005).
Ddi vdi nhirng nhan vien cd niem tin kien
dinh, manh me ve miic do hai Idng ciia minh
vdi cdng viec, cdn ggi la su kien djnh vl tinh
cam - nhan tbirc (affective-cognitive consistency), mdi quan he giiia sy hai Idng vdi cdng

viec va hieu qua cdng viee se manh ban nhieu
so vdi mdi quan he tuang ty d nhiing nhan
vien khdng may hai Idng vdi cdng viec ciia hg
(Schleicher et al, 2004)
ktioa hoc .
thifOngmai'

Theo Tett & Meyer (1993) cho ring su hai
Idng cdng viec va cam ket td chuc la hoan
toan khac nhau, sy hai Idng cd tac ddng m^nh
din din y dinh nghi viec eua nhan vien, trong
khi cam kit td ehirc anh hudng manh den vdi
su duy tri nhan vien tai td chirc Sy hai long
cua nhan vien cd anh hudng tich cue va chat
che vdi cam kit cua nhan vien (Mosadeghrad
& cdng sy, 2008). Gia thuyit:
H3: Su hdi long cong viec dnh hu-&ng tich
cue den cam ket to chiec
2.2. Mo hinh nghien cu'U
Dua tren eac nghien ciru trudc day ciia
Ulrich (1997) vl tac ddng cua thyc tiln HRM
den sy hai Idng cdng viec, Boxall & Purcell
(2011) cho rang thuc tien HRM anh hudng
den cam kettd chiic nhu nghien ciru cua Ajila
& Abiola (2004), Mosadeghrad & cdng su
(2008) hay nghien ciru cua (Mosadeghrad &
cdng sy, 2008) ve su hai Idng anh hudng den
cam ket td cbiie. Tac gia de xuat md hinh
nghien ciru nhu hinh 1:
2.3. Phirffng phdp nghien citu vd thu

thap so lieu
Mdu nghien cieu:
Tabachnick va Fithdell (2001) cho rang ty
le mau nghien euu tdi thieu la 5:1 (trich tir
Hoang Trgng, 2008), Mau khao sat duac thu
thap theo phuang phap phan tang thuan tien
bang each phat phieu tra Idi va khao sat true
tiep trung binh la 3 nhan vien/doanh nghiep,
tuong ung vdi 105 doanh nghiep thue tl duge
khaa sat, sd phieu thu ve va sang Igc cdn lai la
289 quan sat, dam bao phii hop cbo phan tich.
Bang cau hdi duoc sii dung dya vao thang
do Likert 7 dd (bac 1 tuang ung mirc dp hoan
toan sai/kem, bac 7 tuang irng mirc do hoan
toan dung/tdt) do ludng mirc dd thuc hien
thyc tien HRM cua doanh nghiep, sy hai long
cdng viec, cam ket td chirc thdng qua viec
danh gia tryc tiep tu nhirng nhan vien.
So 127/2019


Hinh 1: Mo hinh nghien cieu de xudt
Cdc bien do Itwmg
Thang do thuc tien HRM: duge thiit kl
tren ca sd dya tren cac thang do ciia Mathis &
Jackson (2011), Delery and Doty (1996);
Guest et al (2003) dl danh gia mirc dd ddng y
ciia eac thanh vien trong doanh nghiep ddi vdi
cac bien do ludng ve thuc tiln HRM trong td
chiic, gom sau thanh phan nhu Uiyen dung va

dao tgo, danh gia cdng viec, luang, thudng,
tinh on dinh cdng viec, khuyin khich tham
gia va ddi mdi.
Thang do su hdi long cong viec. duge
phat trien dya tren thang do cua Homburg
va cpng su (2004), thang do duoc thiit kl
de t^p trung do ludng sy hai Idng cdng viec
CO lien quan den cac khia canh eua thuc
tiln HRM.
Thang do cam kit to chuc: dya vao thang
^0 ciia J.Allen and RMeyer (1990), trong dd
So 127/2019

tap trung do ludng khia canh cam ket ve mat
tinh cam.
Phieang phdp nghien cim
Nghien cim dinh tinh: thdng qua luge
khao tai lipu, thao luan tay ddi vdi ddi tugng
khao sat va lay y kien ehuyen gia nham xay
dyng thang do nhap.
Nghien cuu dinh Iwp'ng: duge thyc hi§n
bing phuang phap phan tich do tin cay (cronbach's alpha), phan tich nhan td kham pha
(EFA) cho dinh luang sa bp va nghien ciru
chinh thiic thdng qua phan tieh CFA va SEM.
3. Ket qua nghien ciiu
3.1. Phdn tich mo ta mdu nghien ciiu
Trong 289 quan sat, trong do cd 55% gidi
tinh nam, 45% la nu Ve vi tri cong viec, cd
78% ia nhan vien, 22 % ngudi lao ddng cd
giir chire vu quan ly Trong sd lao ddng duoc

khao sat, dd tuoi tCi' 18-25 tudi chilm 22%, dd
^kfioa hoc
thifOngmai


J
QU&N TBI KINH DOANH
tren 50 lao ddng, 60% doanh nghiep cd so
lugng tir 100 lao ddng trd len.
Tir dac dilm miu khao sat eho thay. mfic
dii, Ddng bing Sdng cuu Long la vung co
ngudn nguyen lieu phong phu, sd lugng Idn,
thuan lgi cho viec phat trien nganh cong
nghiep chi biln thiiy san Tuy nhien, quy m6
va nang lyc eua cac doanh nghiep che bien
vin cdn nhd, chua dap ung duge nhu eau che
bien ndng, thiiy san ciia toan viing. Chat
lugng ngudn nhan luc van cdn nhieu yeu
kem, dac biet la nhan luc lanh nghe con thap
so vdi mirc binh quan ca nude; viec phat trien
doanh nghiep ehu yeu tbea chieu rpng, chit
luang, hieu qua va kha nang canh tranh ciia
doanh nghiep trong viing cdn ban che.
3.2. Phdn tich dp tin cay cda thang do

tudi tir 26-35 chilm 58%, lao ddng cd do tudi
tren 36 tudi ehiem khoang 20%.
vi trinh dp: so lao ddng cd trinh dp THPT
trd xudng chiem khoang 42%, 26%) lao ddng
cd trinh dd tir trung cap/cao dang, lao ddng cd

trinh do dai hgc chiem 32%. Ve sd nam lam
viec tai doanh nghiep dudi 5 nam chiem
43%, tir 6 din 10 nam chilm 42%, 12% lao
dpng da lam viec tren 10 nam va khoang 4%i
tren 20 nam,
Ve doanh nghiep vdi 12%i doanh nghiep
hoat ddng khoang dudi 5 nam, 41% doanh
nghiep ed thai gian boat ddng tir 6-10 nam,
30% doanh nghiep boat ddng khoang tir 1020 nam, va 17% boat ddng tren 20 nam.
Ve quy md doanh nghiep theo sd luong lao
ddng: cd 26% doanh nghiep cd quy md dudi
50 lao dpng, 14%i doanh nghiep ed sd lugng

Bang 1.- Tom tdt kit qud kiem dmh dp tin cay cita Ihang do
BQ

Klidi nipn

HRMPThifc tiln
HRM

JOS- Hai
long cong
viec
OC-Cam
ket to clityc

Nhdn

So

to

bien

Tong

tin ctiy

Cronbach's
alpha

Tong h(/p
(?cj

phiitfng sai
trich (%)
f?vcj

SEL

3

0.782

0.782

54.5

TRA

3

0.805

0.807

58.2

APP

3

0.866

0.865

68.2

SAL

2

0,765

0.772

63.0

COM

STA
INNO

3
3
3

0.821
0.726
0.768

0.820
0.723
0,774

60.3
46.7
53.4

]0S

4

0.842

0.844

57.7

Dat y§i]

Dat yeu
can

OC

4

0.850

0.851

58.8

Dat yeu

Nguon: Tdc gid phdti tich yd lotig hop

khoa hoc
w llnrmig mai

So 127/2019


QUAN TBI KINH DOANH
Bang cho thay khai niem thanh phan eua
thang do thyc tien HRM, hai Idng cdng viec,
cam kit td chirc deu cd he sd tin cay tdng hgp
> gia tri Cronbach's alpha, cd tdng phuong
sai trich de giai thich mirc do bien thien cua

dii lieu dat yeu eau. Thang do dat yeu cau ve
do tin cay va tdng phuang sai trich.

cho den 1.16). Dieu nay tbl bien sy phan
phdi cua cac bien nay khdng leeh xa gia tri
trung binh. Gia tri ciia do lech (kewness) va
dd nhgn (kurtosis) deu nim trong pham vi
chap nhan dupc ciia mdt phan phdi chuin
(trong khoang -1 den +1 cho do lech va -2
cho den +2 cua do nhgn)

Biiiis 2: Phdn tich do p^ dn Idn cita thang do
SEL

APP

Trung binh
Do lech
chuan
Phiwng sai

5.53

TRA
5.25

1.06

1.16

1.12

1.12

1.35

1.25

Skewness

-0.84

-0.83

-0.79

Kurtosis

1.39

0.78

0.70

5.46

COM
5.32

STA

5.26

INNO
5.36

JOS
5.53

OC
5.23

1.07

1.16

1.03

0.99

0.96

1.02

1.14

1.34

1.06

0.98

0.92

1.04

-0.78

-0.62

-0.48

-0.80

-0.42

0.69

0.66

-0.08

1.77

0.41

SAL
5.92

0.99
1.17

Ngudn: Tdc gid phdn tich vd long hpp
Cac hoat ddng chiic nang cua thyc tien
HRM duge danh gia dya tren nhan tbire eua
ngudi lao dpng trong doanh nghiep, cd the
duge nhin thay thdng qua hinh 2. Hau nhu
ngudi lao ddng deu cbo rang cac boat ddng
chiie nang cua thyc tien HRM tai cac doanh
nghiep thiiy san d mirc tuang ddi cao, gia tri
tmng binh nhan duoc giao ddng trong khoang
tir 5,25 - 5 92 trong thang do 7 cip dd. Cac
nhan to nhan eac gia tri lan lugt giam dan nhu
sau: "Tiln luang - SALA" (5 92), "Tuyin
dung -SEL" (5 53), "Danh gia nhan vien APP" (5.46), "khuyen khich sy tham gia, ddi
mdi - INNO (5 36) "Thudng, dai ngd - COM"
(5 32), "Tinh dn dinh cdng viec - STA", "Dao
tao-TRA" (5.25).
Phan tich phan phdi va do phan tan cua
cac khai niem nghien ciru, chiing ta eung
nhan thay sy sai lech khdi gia tri trung binh
cua cac bien tuang ddi thap (dd lech tieu
chuan chi bien ddng trong pham vi tir 0.96
So 127/2019

Khai niem "Su hai Idng cdng viec" cua
nhan vien nhan gia tri tuong ddi eao (5.53) va
"cam kit td chire" la (5 23) Phan phdi ciia
biln nay du dieu kien cua phan phoi chuan
(cac gia tri eua do nhon va do lech dam bao
yeu cau) (hinh 2)

3.3. Phiin tich gid tri phan biet giiia cdc
khdi niem
Kit qua kilm dinh gia tri phan biet eae
khai niem trong md binh tdi ban (Bang 3) tbl
hien tit ea cac mdi tuong quan giira cac khai
niem cd sai lech chuan dat y nghTa d 5% (P <
0.05), sy tuang quan giua tung khai niem co
gia trj khac 1. Vay, cac khai niem trong mo
hinh tdi ban dat gia trj phan biet.
3.4. Kiim dinh mo hinh ly thuyit biing
SEM
Kit qua SEM md binh ly thuyit ehuin hda
cbo thiy Cbi-square = 1347 337, bac tu do df
- 798, Chi-square/df - I 688 < 3, chi s6 TLI
- 0.904, CFI - 0.911 > 09 va RMSEA =
'

khoa hoc
thirdng mai

^
w


Q U A N T B ! KINH DOANH
Ket qua uoc
lucmg (chuin hoa)
cac tham s6 chinh
cua mo hinh nghien
ciiu chinh thdc ducrc

trinh bay a Bang 4,
cho thay cac moi
quan he giiia cac
khai niem trong mo
hinh nghien ctiu
chinh thuc deu co y
nghia th6ng ke (p<
0,05). Ket qua uac
luang chuan hoa

Hinh 2; Tdm quan trpng cua cdc chuc ndng thuc tiin HRM
B^ng 3. Gid tri phdn biet cua cdc khdi niem
Sd tiiefng quan
HRMP
HRMP
JOS

JOS
OC
OC

H4 sotiiOng
quan (r)

Sai so'
chudn

_JSEi_

Gid tri loi

han (CR)

Pvatue

5.600
6.107
5.616

0.000
0.000
0.000

0.035
0.038
0.035

0,803
0.77
0.802

Nguon: Tdc gid phdn tich vd long hap
0.050 < 0.08. Cac gia tri tren deu dat yeu cau.
Nhu vay mo hinh dat muc phu hop vai dir (Bang 4) cho thay thuc tien HRM anh huang
tich cue cao den su hai long cong viec ciia
Heu thu thap Oj thi tnrong. (Hinh 3)
nhan vien trong doanh nghiep.
Bang 4.- Ket qud kiem dinh moi quan he giua cdc khdi niem trong mo hinh (chuan hoa)
Moi quan h^
Thllc tiln HRM

^

Thuc tiln HRM

">

H^i long cong vi6c

"^

Vdc

Hai long cong viec 0.803
0.354
Cam k6't to chiJc
Cam ket to chlJc
0.518

S.E.

CR.

0.112
0.132

9.441

0.102

5.087

3.528

***
***
.«

(Nguon: Tinh todn tir tdc gid)
khna hnn

^

tnifong mai

•CF-

!^o 127/2019


— ; Q U A N TBI KINH DOANH

"OCI I I OC2 I r o C 3 11 OC4 I

@

©

@

©

Hinh 3; Ket qud phdn tich SEM mo hinh ly thuyet (chudn hoa)
^ 3.5. Kiem Mnh do tin cay cua u&c luang y nghia thdng ke a dp tin cay 95%. Vi vay, co
bang Bootstrap
the ket luan cac uac lugng trong md hmh
Bang 5. Uac luang Bootstrap vai mdu N= 600
Mo'i quan he

SE

SESE

Mean

Bias

SEBias

ThiTc tien HRM

->

Hai long c6ng viec 0.038

0.001

0.804

0.001

0.002

Thilc tiln HRM
H^i 16np cong viec

">
"^

Cam ket 16' chu'c
Cam k6't 16' chile

0.004
0.004

0.344
0.527

-0.01
0.009

0.005
0.005

0.126
0.125

CR
0.5
-2.0
1.8

(Ngudn: Tinh todn tie tdc gid)
Bootstrap la phuang phap lay mlu lap lai
CO thay the trong dd mau ban dau ddng vai trd
la dam dong. Nghien ciru nay su dung
phuang phap Boostrap vdi sd luong mau lap
[ai N= 600.
Qua bang 5 cho thay, cac m6i quan be gia
thiet hong mo hinh nghien cuu eo [CR| < 2, co
"56127/2019

nghien ciiu la dang tin cay. Phucmg phap nay
chirng to md hinh ly thuyet eua tac gia ed the
tin cay d mau Idn ban.
4. Thao luan, ham y quan tri va ket luSn
4.1. Thao luan
Nghien cu-u cbo thiy thuc riln HRM tac
dgng duong din sy hai long eong viec (p =
Ithoa hoc
"Ihiftrng'niai

=f„
^


QUAN TB! KINH DOANH
0.803) phil hop vdi cac nghien ciru cua
(Ulrich, 1997), (Ajila & Abiola, 2004) va
(Boxall & Purcell, 2011), Mirc do hai Idng
mdi quan be thuan chieu vdi sy cam ket td

ehuc (p = 0.52) tuang tu nghien cuu cua
(Mosadeghrad & cdng sy, 2008), eae nghien
cuu deu cbo thay su hai Idng cdng viec cung
lam tang len sy gan ket cua nhan vien.
Thyc tien ICIM anh hudng tich cyc den
cam kettd chirc (p^ 0.345), dieu nay phu bop
vdi nghien cuu cua Whitener (2001), Chew
and Chan (2008) ve mdi quan he tich cue giiia
thuc tien HRM va cam ket td chuc, hay
nghien cuu cua Gong va cdng su (2009) ve
mdi quan he giu'a HRM va hieu suat hoat
ddng eua doanh nghiep thong qua cam ket td
chiic, dac trung la cam ket tinh cam. Dieu nay
cd nghTa rang cac boat ddng nhu tuyen dung,
dao tao, danh gia, luang, thudng hay khuyen
khich su tham gia ddi mdi trong doanh nghiep
ed vai trd quan trong anh hudng tich cue den
cam ket td chuc.
4.2. Ham y qudn tri
De nang cao sy hai Idng cdng viee, tao su
cam ket td cbire trong nhan vien trong nganh
che bien thuy san thdng qua boat dong HRM,
thiet nghT cac doanh nghiep can chii trong
thuc hien mdt sd boat ddng:
Hoan thien he thong quan tri ndi bd
thong qua viec duy tri va cai tiln he thong
quan ly ISO. Can tiep can, duy tri va phat
trien he thdng quan ly GMP (Good
Manufacturing Practices - tieu ehuan thuc
hanh san xuat tdt) nham dam bao dieu kien

ve sinh an toan cho san xuat, bao gdm
nhtrng nguyen tac chung, nhirng quy dinh,
hudng dan cac ndi dung ca ban ve dieu kien
san xuat nham dam bao san pham dat chat
luong va an toan. GMP la mdt phan ca ban
trong he thdng quan ly an toan thuc pham,
la dieu kien tien quyet cho viec phat trien he
idioa tioc = ^ = ^ ^ = „ ^ ^ = ^ = =
50 thifdngmai

thdng HACCP va cac rieu chuin quan ly an
toan thyc phim ISO 22000
Ddi v&i tuyin dung va ddo tgo: Cdng viec
tuyin chon cin thyc hien cdng khai, co su mo
ta rd rang trong tirng vi tri trong cdng tac
tuyin dung Nang cao chit lucrng cho hoat
ddng dao tao tai chd, dap ung yeu ciu cdng
viee. Cdng tae quan ly ngudn nhan luc can
quan tam din hai ddi tuong lao ddng trong
doanh nghiep nhu sau: (1) Ddi vdi lao dgng
tryc tiep tao ra san pham can quan tam
thudng xuyen den ky nang, trinh do tay nghe
va mirc dd thanh thao trong san xuat, chu
trong den viec tuan thu eac quy dinh, quy
trinh trong qua trinh thye hien, dam bao thuc
hien nghiem tiic eae quy djnh ve an toan lao
ddng, ve sinh an toan thuc pham; (2) Doi vdi
lao ddng gian tiep can nang cao trinh do ve
nhieu mat, trong do thudng xuyen cap nhat
tieu chuan quan ly chat luang, khoa hoc cong

nghe, tiep can va phat trien nhiJ'ng san pham
phil bgp thi trudng, Ben canh do, khuyen
khich nhan vien tim tdi hoe hdi, am hieu them
nhirng ITnh vyc khac nham tang kha nang linh
boat trong giai quyet edng viec va de dang
dam nhiem cdng viec khac khi can thiet thay
ddi Thudng xuyen bd tri, cu nhan vien tham
dy cac Idp dao tao chuyen mdn nghiep vu
giiip nhan vien cap nhat kien tbirc kip thai,
dap irng yeu cau cua thi tru'dng,
Ddnh gid eong viee: Xay dung bd tieu
chuin danh gia vl kien thuc, ky nang, trinh
dd va cac tieu chi danh gia vl mue do hoan
thanh cdng viee trong doanh nghiep, trong
dd cin luu y din yeu td vl giai va ngudi dan
tgc thieu sd Cac tieu ehi danh gia cin ro
rang, cong khai, tao su cdng bing trong danh
gia nhan vien, Ben canh dd, cin thiit xay
dung kenh thdng tin phan hii va ddi thoai
vdi doanh nghiep it nhat mdi nam 02 lan
nham giai quyit thic mic, thao go cac kho

^____

^

So 127/2019


QUAN TB! KINH DOANH.

khan va nhirng khieu nai tir nhan vien, t^o hudng tich cyc den sy bai long cdng viee va
mot moi trudng lam viec yen tam ddng gdp cam kit td chuc. Thdng qua nghien cim la ca
cho cong viec.
sd cbo doanh nghiep chi biln thuy san xac
Chinh sach frd hcong, thie&ng: Can duo'cdinh cac quyet dinh quan tri nhim nang eao
thyc hien day du, dimg thdi gian dam bao sy hai Idng trong cdng viee, tao sy gin bd cua
miic luang phu hgp vdi vi tri cdng viec va nhan vien vdi to chirc, gdp phin thuc diy tang
hop ly dat trong sy so sanh vdi nhiing doanh nang suat lao ddng trong hoat dgng san xuit
nghiep khac trong cimg mdt loai hinh kinh che bien tbiiy san
doanh. Xem yeu td luang la mdt trong nhu:ng
Thyc tien HRM trong doanh nghiep la
yiu td duy tri, kem theo dd can cd he thdng khai niem da hudng gdm nhieu thanh phin da
khen thudng da dang va hgp ly nham ddng dang, tuy nhien nghien ciru nay chi tap trung
vien nhan vien an tam, gan bd, cdng hien phan tieh nhirng boat ddng ca ban cua HRM
cong sire eho viec xay dyng va phat trien tai anh hudng den sy bai Idng cdng viec va cam
doanh nghiep. Can thiet xac dinh cac dinh ket td chuc, Vi vay, nghien ciru tiep theo cd
bien lao dong, don gia tien luang duac ra soat the md rdng cac thanh phan khae ciia HRM
va dieu chinh 06 thang mdt lan cho phu hop nham danh gia mdt each toan dien ve hoat
vdi tinh hinh thyc te san xuat kinh doanh. ddng cua thyc tien quan tri ngudn nhan l u c *
Quy che luang, thudng, ehe do dm dau, nghi
dudng sire, thai san... Can duge duge bien
Idi lieu tham khdo:
theo dung quy dinh va thanh toan dung ky
han. Tien edng lao ddng hgp ly, dimg nang
1. Ajila, C. and Abiola, A, (2004),
luc chuyen mon giitp nhan vien phat huy bet Influence of rewards on workers performance
kha nang cua minh,
In an organization. Journal of Social Science,
Khuyen khich iham gia. doi m&l: Da dangVol. 8 No. l,pp, 7-12
2. Allen, N.J. and Meyer, J.R (1997),

hoa trong viec khuyen khich nhan vien tham
gia ddng gdp cho cac quy dinh, quy trinh Commitment in the workplace: Theory
trong doanh nghiep vdi muc tieu la dam bao research and application. Thousand Oaks.
3. Armstrong, M. (2014), A Handbook of
su cai tien chat lugng, nang cao sy ddng gdp
ciia ngudi lao ddng ddi vdi doanh nghiep Human Resource Management Practice,
trong viec eai thien hieu suat hoat ddng thdng Human Resource Management, available
qua viec eai tien each thuc quan ly, quy trinh at: />4. Audretsch, D,B. and Thurik, R
lam vi?c mang tinh hgp ly, hieu qua. Cai tien
mau ma chat lugng san pbam nham dap irng (2001), What's New about the New
tot nhu cau cua khach hang. Cd che dd khen Economy'^ Sources of Growth in the
thudng kip thdi cho cac sang kiln khoa hoc, Managed and Entrepreneurial Economies,
ky thuat, tiet kiem trong san xuat va quan ly. Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol 10
No. 1, pp. 267-315.
4.3. Kit luan
5. Becker, H. (1960), Notes on Ihe concept
Nghien ciiu danh gia mpt each tdng the ve
nhan thirc ciia nhan vien ddi vdi boat ddng of commitment, The American Journal of
HRM trong doanh nghiep, ddng thdi ket qua Sociology, The American journal of
kiem dinh cha thiy thue tiln HRM cd anh Sociology, Vol. 66, No.i, pp. 32-40
56127/2019

kiioa hoc
thifdRgmai

^
51


QUAN TBI KINH DOANH

6. Boxall, R and Purcell, J. (2011),
Strategy and Human Resource Management,
2 " " ed., Basingstoke . Palgrave Macmillan.
7, Chew, J and Chan, C.C.A. (2008),
Human resource practices,
organizational
commitment
and
intention
lo
stay.
International Journal of Manpower, Vol 29
N a 6, pp, 503-522
8 Cooper-Hakim, A. and Viswesvaran, C.
(2005), The eonstruet of work commitment: testing an integfafive fi-amework. Psychological
Bulletin, American Psychological Association,
Vol. 131 No 2, p 241
9. Cranny, C.J., Smith, RC. and Stone, E,
(1992), Job Satisfaction: How People Feel
about Their Jobs, Wiley Online Library.
10. Delaney, J T. and Huselid, M A .
(1995), The impact of human resource management practices on perceptions of organizational
performance.
Academy
of
Management Journal, Vol 39 No 4, pp,
949-969.
11. Delery, J.E, and Doty, D.H. (1996),
Modes of theorizing In strategic
human

resource management: Tests of universahslie,
contingency, and configurational
performance predictions. Academy of Management
Journal, Vol. 39 No 4, pp. 802-835
12 Gong, Y., Law, K S , Chang, S and
Xin, K.R (2009), Human
Resources
Management and Firm Performance: The
Differendal Role of Managerial
Affective
and Continuance Commitment, Journal of
Applied Psychology, Vol. 94 No. 1, pp.
263-275.
13 Guest, D.E. (1997), Human resource
management and performance: a revieM> and
research agenda. The International Journal of
Human Resource Management, Vol 8 No, 3,
pp. 263-276.

52

ktioa hoc
ttiifdng'ma

14. Guest, D.E., Miebie, J , Conway, N.
and Sheehan, M. (2003), Human resource
management and corporate performance in
the UK, British Journal of Industrial
Relarions, Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 291-314.
15. Hoang Trong. (2008), Phdn Tich Die

Lieu Nghien Cim Vai SPSS, NXB Thdng Ke.
16. Homburg, C. and Stock, R.M.
(2004), The Link Between
Salespeople's
Job
Satisfaction
and
Customer
Business-to-Business
Satisfaction
in a
Context: A Dyadic Analysis, Journal of the
Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 32
No. 2, pp. 144-158.

Summary
The study aims to assess the impact of
human resource management practices on
organizational satisfacrion and commitment
in seafood processing enterprises through the
awareness of employees. The research sample was surveyed from 289 employees and
managers working at those enterprises The
method of linear structural balance (SEM)
was conducted to analyze the factors in the
research model. Research results show that
human resource management practices have a
direct positive impact on job satisfaction and
organizational commitment, and job satisfaction in turn has a positive impact on organizational commitment

So 127/2019