Xây dựng đời sống tinh thần ở vùng đồng bằng sông cửu long những vấn đề lý luận và thực tiễn

*Ngh\en.ciiu -Trao ddi

XAY DUNG DOfI SONG TINH THAN
d VUNG DONG B A N G SONG CUtJ LONG NH&NG VAN DE LI LUAN VA IHlTC HEN

PGS, TS. T R A N M A I i r d c <*>

T6ni tat: Thuc tien da chimg minh. Dong bang Song Cim Long khong nhirng la viing co vi
tri, vai trd quan trong doi voi suphdt trien kinh te - vdn hoa - xa hoi cita ddt nu&c, md con la
"wa Im" vd viing trdng cay luong thuc noi tieng cua Viet Nam; dong thdi, viing ddt duoc biet
den la mot trong nhimg nai cd d&i song tinh thdn rat da dang vd phong phii, Bdi viet phdn tich
nimg van de lien quan den xdy dimg dai song tinh thdn tgi viing Dong bang Song Cim Long,
Tir khoa: Dong bang Song Cim Long; d&i song tinh thdn;

I

Oan nh^p
Vimg D6ng bang Song Cuu Long
•gom 12 tinh va 1 thanh ph6 tmc thuoc
Trang uong. D6ng bSng Song Cuu Long la mot
K phan cua chau th6 song Me Kong co dien tich
39.734km^, theo ket qua dieu tra dan s6 ngay
01/04/2011, s6 lieu miM cap nhat la 17,51 trieu
ngucri"', chiSm 19,8% dan sd ca nuoc. Ti le tang
* s6 binh quan giai doan 1999 - 2009 la 0,6%.
Btogbang Song Cim Long co vi hi lien ke voi

"Trir(ng Bai hoc Ngan hang Thanh ph6 Hd Chi Minh

Ktoahoc chinh tri - So 2/2019

vung Dong Nam bo, phia BJc giap Campuchia,
phia Tay Nam giap vjnh Thai Lan, phia Dong
Nam la biln Dong. Vimg DSng bang Song Cmi
Long dugc hinh thanh tit nhiing trim tich phu sa
va Mi dto qua nhiing ki nguyen thay doi muc
nuoc biin; qua timg giai doan keo theo su hmh
thanh nhOng gidng cat doc theo bo bien Nhiing
hoat dong hSn hgp cua song, biln da hinh thanh
nhirng vat ddt phii sa phi nhieu doc theo de ven
song lln doc theo mgt s6 giSng cat ven bite va
dat phen hen trSm h'ch dam manttOngthap, nhu
virng Dong Thap Muoi, til giac Long Xuyen Ha Tien, Tay Nam song Hau, ban dao Ca Mau.


• Nghien ciiu-Trao ddi
Ddng bang Sdng Ciru Long la vimg dat hdi tu
dan eir cua nliieu tgc ngirdi, trong do ehu yeu la
ngudi Viet, ngudi Klmier, ngudi Hoa, cdn lai la
ngudi Cham. Hg crmg ehung sdng va phat trien
eae loai hinh hoat dgng Idnh te. Qua qua trinh
hinh thanh va phat trien den nay, cd the khang
dinh, Ddng bSng Sdng Cuu Long khdng chi la
"vua lua" va vimg trdng cay luong thue ndi tieng
eiia Viet Nam, ma cdn dugc biet den la mgt trong
nhiing ncri ed ddi sdng tinh than rat da dang,
phong phu.
Trong sudt cliieu dai lieh su, van hda truyen
thdng eua cae dan tdc sdng tren lanh thd nude
Viet Nam ndi cbung, vung Ddng bang Sdng Ciru
Long ndi rieng ludn dugc tieh tu, gin gift; dugc

xem la di san quy gia, gdp phan lam nen su phong
phu, da dang va thdng nbat eiia nen van hda Viet
Nam. Hien nay, trong ddng chay toan eau hda,
trudc su tac ddng, anh hudng va lan tda cua caeh
mang edng nghiep 4.0, viee gift gin, phat huy cae
gia tri tieh cue cua ddi sdng tinh than tai vung
Ddng bang Sdng Cuu Long la nhiem vu, viec
lam mang ea y ngiila li luan va thue tien sau sae.
2. DM song tinh than va nhung dac di^m co*
ban cua ddi song tinh than d^ viing Dong bang
Sdng Cmi Long
Ddi sdng tinh than la mdt liiih vue hgp thanh
ddi sdng xa hgi, ngay tir thdi cd dai, cae nha duy
vat da eoi tinh than la su boat dgng b' luan. Den
the ki XVn - XVIII, cae nha tri6t hgc duy vat
nhu Thomas Hobbs va John Locke lai eoi tinh
than la su ket bgp ciia eae cam giac. Triet hgc cd
dien Due xem xet tinh than tu gdc do y thiic va
tu y thiic. Tu tudng triet hge duy vat bien chiing
da nhin nhan dung ban eh§t cua tinh thSn: la su
phan anh the gidi khach quan vao trong dau 6e
eon ngudi. C.Mac viet: Y niem chang qua cbi la
vat ehat dugc dem ehuyen vao trong dau dc eon
ngudi va dugc cai bien di d trong dd'^'. VI. Lenin
eimg khang dinh: Ddi vdi ngudi duy vat, tbi cai
dang tdn tai tren thuc te la the gidi ben ngoai ma
cam giac ciia ebiing ta la hinh anh eiia the gidi
dd'^'. Chu nglua duy vat bien chiing khang dinh,
tinh than la chuc nang cua loai vat chat dae bi^t,
ed td ehiie eao, la ket qua eua boat ddng vat chdt.

lich su xa hdi con ngirdi. Ddi song tinh than cua
xa hdi phan anh dieu kien sinh sdng vat ehat cua
xa hgi, tac dgng tra lai ddi sdng xa hgi va ho^t
ddng diuc hln eua eon ngudi. Chu nghia^duy v^t
bien chiing khdng quy tinh thiin vao mdt tdng gian
don nhimg cam giae; eung bae bd quan niem eoi
tinh tiian la mgt tiiue tiiS tiiuin tiiy doc lap vdi vSt
ehat va vdi eon ngudi. Bdi vi, ndi den tinh tiian
la ndi d^n boat dgng cd y tiiiic eua con ngudi,
la su phan anh hien tiiuc khaeh quan vao hong
dau de eon ngudi; dd khdng phai la sir phan anh
thu dgng, sao chep gian don ve hien tiiuc khach
quan, ma la su phan anh tich cue, nang ddng va
sang tao. Quan di^m duy vat bien chiing ve tiitii
th§n la ea sd khoa hgc cho viee tun hieu ddi sdng
tinh than eua con ngudi va xa bdi. Tinh khoa bge
h-ong ngi dung khai niem tmh than ciia chu nghia
duy vat bien chiing xuat phat tu viec giai quyet
van de CO ban eiia triet hgc. Ygu td quan trgng eiia
khai niem nay khdng chi diing lai d viee khSng
dinh tinh than la eai phu thude vao vat ehat, la eai
thii hai, ma quan trgng ban, tinh than la su phan
anh mang tinh tich cue, nang ddng va sang t^o
eua bd de eon ngudi ve hien thuc khach quan.
Tren thue tien, cd nhieu each hieu khaeh nhau
ve khai niem ddi sdng tinh than. De nam rd ngi
ham eiia khai niem nay ban, ta can lam ro mdi
tucmg quan giira ddi sdng tinh thSn vdi y thiic xa
hdi va van hda tinh than.

Y thuc xd hgi la dau hieu quan trgng de xae
dinh ndi dimg co ban ciia ddi sdng tmh than xa
bdi. Y tiiiic xa hgi la mgt bd phan tiiudc ddi sdng
tinh than ciia xa bdi bao gdm eae tu tudng, quan
didm eung nhimg tmh cam, tam trang, phong tuc,
huy^n tiidng... nay sinh tu tdn tai xa hdi va phan
anh tdn tai xa hdi. Tuy nhien, ddi sdng tinh tiian
khdng chi phan anh ddi sdng vat chdt ciia xa hgi,
ma edn bao gdm tdt ea nhftng boat dgng va quan
be tinh t b k eiia chu the phan anh, tiic la nhiing
hoat ddng tinh tMn va quan be tinh thdn eua con
ngudi va edng ddng ngudi mang tinh lich su - xa
bdi. Chinh vi vay, y tiiuc xa hgi cd ndi dung hep
hon so vdi ddi sdng tinh thdn xa hgi.
Vdn hda tinh thdn eung la dau hieu dd xae
dmh ngi dung eo ban cua ddi sdng tinh t h k
Khoa hoc chinh trj - So 2/2019


> Nghien ciiu -Trao ddi
xa hoi. Cd th6 hieu van hda tinh than la tdng
thS cae gia hi tinh than ciia xa hdi, trong do
bik hien rd nhat la gia tn ehan - thien - my...
thong qua hoat ddng va quan he tirtii than, tir
san xuat, su dung, tieu dung, eho den viec bao
t6n, phat hien tinh than. Nhu vay, van hda
tinh thSn khdng chi bao gdm nhiing gia tri tinh
thin, ma edn bao gdm ea nhiing hoat ddng va
quan he tinh than cua eon ngudi.
Ca li luan va thuc tiln da chiing minh, ddi

s5ng van hda tinh than cd mdi quan he vdi ddi
s6ng tinh than, nhung ddi sdng tinh than va ddi
s6ng van hda tinh than khdng ddng nhat vdi
nhau, ma quan he giiia chiing la quan he giua qua
trinh hoat dgng tinh than va chat lugng da dat tdi
cua qua trinh dd. Trong dd, khi de cap den khai
niem ddi song tinh than la de cap den tat ca cae
boph|in, qua trinh boat ddng ciia eac Imh vue tinh
tii§n, con khai niem ddi sdng van hda tinh than la
•6i dSn mat chat lugng eua ddi sdng tinh thdn.

ITnh vue khae nhau'"', tiiudng xuyen tae ddng Idn
nhau, hian theo nhiing quy luat van ddng va phat
trien rieng. Ddi sdng tinh tiidn bao hum toan bg
hien thuc tinh thdn eua xa hdi, tir y thiic ea nhan
den y thiic tap doan, giai edp, dan tgc. Nd viia
phan anh mat boat dgng tmh thdn cua con ngudi,
vira phan anh ket qua boat ddng dd. Nd vua ndi
len dugc mat sdng dgng ciia ca qua trinh san xudt,
hao ddi, luu giii, tieu dung cae san phdm tinh
tiidn, vua ndi len dugc cae tiiiet che xa hdi dh van
hanh cae qua hmh, eac linh vue ciia ddi sdng tinh
thdn. Viec phan ehia ddi sdng tinh thdn tbanh cae
linh vue khac nhau cbi mang y nghia tuong ddi.
Tren thue te, cd nhftng yeu td vira thudc linh virc
nay, viia thude ITnh vue khae.

Vdi ttnh each la mdt qua trinh van ddng va
phat trien, ddi sdng tinh thdn duge bieu hien qua
cae yeu td eo ban: nhu eau tinh than, san xuat tinh

than, giao tiep va tieu dimg cae san pham tinh
than. Cae yeu td nay ludn tac dgng lan nhau lam
cho ddi sdng tinh than tdn tai, van ddng, phat trien
Tir nhiing luan eii tren ed the khang dinh.
dai song tinh than xS hdi la mgt pham tni rgng, sinh ddng, phong phii va phiie tap. Hoat dgng san
no bao gdm y thiie xa hdi, van hda tinh than va xuat vat chat chiu sir chi phdi bdi muc dich, nham
nhieu hoat ddng, quan he tinh thdn khae. Y thiic thda man nhu eau vat ehat nhat dinh va nhd viec
xa hgi va van hda tinh than cbi la mgt bd phan tieu dimg chiing ma viec san xuat tiep theo cd the
cua doi song tinh thdn xa hdi. Ddi sdng tmh tiidn dugc thuc bien, ddng thdi la dgng luc thiic day
voi tu each la mdt chinh the toan ven, mgt he san xuat. Trong khi dd, boat ddng san xuat tinh
thong dang boat dgng, bao gdm nhieu linh vue than khdng phu thude mgt each nghiem ngat vao
hop thanh dugc bieu hien trong ddi sdng xa bdi. viee tieu diing eac gia tri tinh tiian do nd tao ra,
Doi soi^ tinh ttian xa hgi "phan anh" ddi sdng ma san xudt tinhtiidnlai la nhan td quyet dinh chi
v|t ch5t xa hoi, chiu su quy dinh, ehi phdi eua ddi phdi nhu cau tinh than va eac yeu td khac. Cae
yhu td khac cd vai trd tae dgng trd lai san xuat
s6ng vat chat xa hgi.
Theo cae noi dung da luan giai d tren, cd tbh tinh than.
Xet vdi tinh each la mdt he thdng dang van
nhSn dinh ddi sdng tinh thdn la mdt pham tni eiia
chu nglua duy vat lich sii, duge xem xet trong ddng va bien ddi, thi ddi sdng tinh than xa hdi
moi tuong quan vdi ddi sdng vat chat eua xa hdi. dugc xem xet d eac ITnh vue: ddi sdng tu tudng,
Boi song tinh thdn la toan bg nhirng boat ddng dao diie, Idi sdng, boat dgng khoa hge, giao due
tab th5n cua con ngudi bao gdm toan bd qua va dao tao, nghe thuat, tin ngudng, tdn giao,
phuang phap tu duy giao tiap. Mdi ITnh vue ciia
™h san xuat, phan phdi va tieu diing cae san
phim tinhtii&i;la su phan anh ddi sdng vat chdt ddi sdng tinh tiidn cd tinh dac thii rieng, chiing
va tac dong ddi vdi ddi sdng vat chdt; la tdng hda deu dap ting mgt dang nhu cdu tinh tiidn nao dd
i^ hoat dong dao diic, l6i sdng, nghe tiiuat, giao eiia ddi sdng xa hdi va bao gdm ca hoat dgng
sang tao, hao ddi, tieu dimg eac gia tri tinh than.
aiic va dao tao, tin ngudng, tdn giao ciia xa hgi.

Cae ITnh vue dy lien quan chat che, ludn tac ddng
,Ciing nhu ddi sdng vat chdt, ddi sdng tinh
•hSn la mgt chinh till tiidng nhdt bao gdm nhieu va dan xen vao nhau, nam trong mdt chinh the

Khoajipc chinh tri - So 2/2019


58
thdng nhat, trong dd lirib vue ddi song tu tudng
giii vai trd ehu dao chi phdi, quy dinh tinh chat,
ndi dung, phuong hudng phat trien cua ddi sdng
tinh than.
Xuyen sudt trong cae qua trinh hmh thanh
va phat trien, ddi sdng tinh thdn cua viing Ddng
bang Sdng Cuu Long ndi len nhimg dac ^em ca
bdn, ddng luuy. Cu the:
Thif nhdt, ddi sdng tinh thdn a vimg Ddng
bang Sdng Cicu Long gan liin v&i vdn hda ndng
nghiep lua nuoc
Ddng bdng Sdng Cuu Long nam tren luu vue
sdng Me Kong, ddng thdi la cai ndi cua nen van
hda lua nude, van minh ndng nghiep dien binh d
Viet Nam, dugc hinh tbanh tu qua trinh liii ddn
ciia bien keo dai bang ngan nam. Toan bd vung
ddng bang nay la san pham bdi lang phii sa rat lau
ddi eiia sdng Cuu Lx)ng. Khi hau mang tinh ehat
nbiet ddi gid miia. Thdi tiet cd hai miia mua va
miia nang rd ret, tu thang 8 lai la miia lu ve de bdi
tu phii sa cho toan viing. Do dugc bao bge bdi hai
con sdng la sdng Tien va sdng Hau vdi be thong

kenh day dac, Ddng bang Sdng Cuu Long eiing
duge xem la nai bdi tu cua Ddng Nam A thdi tien
sii, mdt bg phan trong cai chung eua van hda Viet
Nam va van hda Ddng Nam A. Net cbung ndi trdi
dang luu y nhat van la tren cai nen ehung - nen
van minh thdn da va van hda lang, tung lam cho
toan eanh eiia van hda Viet Nam va Ddng Nam
A van la "van boa, van minh trdng lua nude". CJ
day yeu td ddng bang chiem vai trd chu dao, ddng
thdi eiong dugc bao bgc bdi sdng, bien.
Trudc khi cae cdng ddng cu dan Kinh, Hoa,
Cham cd mat d day, thi Ddng bang Sdng COai
Long xua kia da hinh thanh nen van hda ndng
nghiep lua nude, chan nudi, trdng trgt. Tuy nhien,
vi nhieu li do khac nhau, nd bi vui trong long
dat mdt thdi gian dai, trai qua nhieu bien cd cua
nhihig cugc chien tranh, eho den the ki XVI XVII, cu dan d mien Bac, mien Trung tien vao
khai hoang. Ho da mang theo nhung tinh each
va loi sdng cua cu dan ndng nghiep liia nude cd
tmyen, kinh nghiem trong khai hoang lap ap, lam
Ilia nude nhu mdt cdt each trong tam bdn, trong y
ehi va nghi luc quydt tam khai pha vimg dat mdi

in ciiu - Trao ddi
• Nghie.
dh sinh tdn va trude cae digu kien ciia tu nhien.
Thichai, doisdngtinhthdn&vungDdngbang
Sdng Cuu Longgdn liin v&i su giao thoa van hoa
gii^a cdc ddn tdc tmng viing
Ndi den Ddng biing Sdng Cuu Long la noi

den van hda cua eae dan tdc cimg cgng^cu hen
mgt viing ddt gdm bdn tgc ngudi: Viet, Hoa,
Khmer, Cham. Trong dd, giao luu, giao tiioa va
hda nhap van hda la ySu td dae hung cua van
hda viing mien, eiing la dac tnjng trong ddi sdng
tinh thdn ciia cu dan Ddng bdng Sdng Cuu Long.
Ddng bSng Sdng Cuu Long cd khdng gian van
hda md, tilp tiiu nhiing ludng van hda khac nhau
tu An Do, Trung Qude va van hda phuong Tay
Trong qua trinh lao ddng chmh phue thien nbidn,
eiing nhu trong dau tranh chdng lai ap biic, bdc
lot cua eac giai cap phong kien, sau nay la thue
dan, de qudc thdng tri, eae edng ddng dan tdc d
Ddng bdng Sdng Ciiu Long da doan ket va boa
hgp cimg nhau. Day chinh la co sd de mdi tge
ngudi tdn tai va phat trien, ddng thdi dien ra qua
trinh giao luu van hda mgt each tu nguyen va sau
sac nhat.
Su giao thoa, giao luu dd the hien qua nhieu
phuong dien ea ve vat ehat: nha d, trang phue, am
thuc, cdng cu, phuong thiic san xuat...; va tinh
than: ddi sdng tin nguong, tdn giao, ngdn ngii,
phong tuc tap quan, cae boat dgng le hdi, trong
giao due, nghe thuat... Xet ve phuang dien su
giao luu lien quan den ddi sdng van hda tinh than
giiia cae cdng ddng cu dan d Ddng bdng Sdng
Ciiu Long dugc bieu hien cu the d eac khia eanh:
- v e ddi sdng tdn giao, tin nguong
Ca ba dan tde Kinh, Hoa, Khmer ddu thd Phat,
nhung ed khae nhau vh mat tdng phai. Trong

chuygn dieu tra di^n da ve xa Phong Phii, huyen
Cau Ke, tinh Tra Vinh, tac gia dugc ba eon cho
biat: hong cae ngay le Idn cua ddng bao dhu cd
ngudi Hoa, ngudi Viet tham gia. Dae biet hong le
"Bon Banh Chds Say Ma" (Le Kdt Gidi), la mgt
le Idn duge td chuc rat quy md, trgng the, nghiem
hang khi ngdi Chanh Dien cua chiia duge xay
cat hoan chmh. Ngoai cae tin dd Phat tu la ngudi
Khmer, cdn cd ea ngudi Hoa, ngudi Kinh tiiam
gia du le vdi long tiianh kinh hudng vh Diie Phat
Khoa hpc chinh tri - So 2/2019


'I^ghienciiu - Trao ddi
Trong tin ngudng, ngudi Kinh, ngudi Hoa
cung CO nai thd Neakta cua ngudi Khmer, bay
ngudi Khmer va ngudi Viet, deu ed diic tin ddi
v6i Quan Cdng, Ba Thien Hau ciia ngudi Hoa.
CI cae vimg dan cu hdn hgp ciia Ddng bang Sdng
Citu Long, hien hrgng cae ca sd tdn giao cua cae
dan toe khac nhau eimg xay dung ban nhau hong
cimg mgt dia phuong, mdt tiii tran hay lang xdm
di&irakhaphd bien. Mieu Ba Thian Hau, mieu
Ong B6n va cae mieu, chiia thd Phat duge xay
dimg xen ke nhau, tham chi cdn cd ca nha thd
HiienChiia giao...

59

hay Viet - Hoa tiii nhung la tet ciia ca hai dan tde

la dieu khdng the thieu trong ddi sdng cdng ddng
cung nhu hong ddi sdng gia dmh. Hdi dua ghe
ngo hay dua bd cua ddng bao Khmer eiing thu
hiit ddng dao ba con ngudi Viet, ngudi Hoa tham
gia cd vu.
- Va ngdn ngu
O Ddng bang Sdng Ciiu Long ngoai tiang
Viet, edn cd tieng Khmer eiia dong bao Khmer va
tieng Cham eiia ddng bao Cham. Trong qua hinh
eiing nhau edng eu sinh sdng tren vimg ddt nay
da dien ra su giao luu, vay muon trong ngdn ngu
Sir giao luu va mat tin ngudng d eac tdc ngudi giiia cae dan tgc. Phan Idn eac cdng ddng cu dan
ciia D6ng bang Sdng Cuu Long eiing lam tang ddu biet ndi tieng Viet va ngugc lai, nhieu ngudi
tfiem siic manh tinh than eho ngudi dan trong qua Viet, ngudi Hoa trong qua trinh ehung sdng ciing
ttinh tiep xiic, chung sdng va chinh phuc nhiing thanh thao tieng Khmer. Ben canh dd, da bao
vimg ddt moi. Trong hoan canh mdi cua dat nude, luu, gin giir ngdn ngu cua dan tgc hg eiing khdng
quen tieng dja phucmg dugc su dung trong sinh
nhiing hoat dgng giao luu dd van dien ra mgt
each het sue cdi md va ed phan nhdn nhip hon. boat hang ngay. Su vay mugn nay dien ra da gdp
Vi du, nhiing le hdi lien quan den tin ngudng ciia phan tao nen su phong pbii, da dang hong ngdn
cae tgc ngudi the hien su giao luu, gan gSi nhau ngu, tieng ndi eiia eae cu dan trong vimg.
vln dirge to chiic, nhu La hdi ba Chiia Xii, le bdi
Thic ba, d&i sdng tinh thdn ctia viing Ddng
tha ca voi cua ngudi Viet va ngudi Cham, Le hdi bdng Sdng Cicu Long the hien tinh thdn, loi sdng
Ba Thien Hau cua ngudi Viet - Hoa, Le hgi Ba tu do, phdng khoang
Den a ngudi Viet - Khmer...
Ddng bang Sdng Ciru Long la noi hdi tu cua
nhieu ddng ngudi tu eac viing mien tren lanh thd
- Ve phong tuc tap quan
Trong mai tang: Ngudi Viet, ngudi Hoa vdn Viet Nam vdn da ed tmyen thdng lau ddi, tinh

cotiq) tuc thd tang, ngudi Khmer ed tap tuc hda each va tam li riang. Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh
tang va giii tro cdt trong eae ehiia Khmer. Hien phat tridn ve phuong Nam hong dau hanh va eai
nay, \ap tuc hda tang va giii tro cdt hong chua tao tiiien nhien, chdng giac ngoai xam bao ve chii
dien ra kha phd bian d cdng ddng ngudi Hoa va quyan dan tdc, md mang bd cdi xay dirng cugc
ngirai Viet. Khi hong nha ed ngudi chet, ngudi sdng, nhiing eon ngudi dy da cd sg chuyen doi vh
Vi?tva ngudi Hoa citng mdi dng luc Khmer bay mat tinh each, tam li, tmh cam, Idi song, phong
tuc tap quan... Chinh qua hinh cdng cu cimg vdi
su sai trong chua dan tung kinh cdu sieu.
Trong cudi xin: theo phong tue cd truyen cua diau kien tu nhian va quan hf xa hgi nai day da
hinh
thanh nan tinh each, Idi song bet sue dae tbii
nguoi Khmer von rat eau ki, hai qua nhieu giai
Qoan, ton nhiau thdi gian, edng siie va tien bac. ciia cu dan vimg Nam bg. Nhftng d^c thii nay nay
Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh edng eu gan gui vdi sinh trong qua trinh di cu va sinh sdng.
Ddng bang Sdng Cuu Long la viing dat ttii
^5ng bao Kmh, Hoa, le eudi ciia ngudi KJmier
ni?n nay dugc nit ngdn hon nhidu, dii van gift phu, mau mo, sdng suoi, kanh rach day ea, tdm,
cua, eay trai bdn mua sum sue phong phu va da
lai nhung phong tuc tiiiyan thdng.
Dieu dtie bi6t la trong cae djp le tet ed truyen dang dii loai. Khi hau de chiu, mua thuan gid
ciJa cae dan tgc, nhu Tet Nguyan Dan eiia ngudi hda chi cdn cd siic ngudi cd tiia m^c sue ma khai
™t, ngudi Hoa, ngudi Khmer eiing an tet nay. khdn. Khdng nhung manh mdng, ddng bang Nam
I^t la trong cae gia dinh hdn hgp Viet - Khmer bd cdn la mgt vung ddt phi nhieu vdi tai nguyen

Kho^c chinh tri - So 2/2019


• Nghien ciiu -Trao ddi
vd cimg phong phii. Thien nhien noi day da uu
dai cho con ngudi rat nhieu. Sir uu dai eua thian

nhien da tao ra tinh each phdng khoang, rgng rai
cua eu dan vimg Ddng bang Sdng Ciiu Long.
Tinh each dd ciia cu dan Nam bd, dac biet la
eu dan vimg sdng nude Ciiu Long ciing dugc
the bien trong sinh hoat cugc sdng hang ngay.
Trong Gia Dinh thdnh thdng ehi, Trinh Hoai Diic
viet:"Gia Dinh thuc vat nhieu, khdng lo ddi ret,
eho nen dan it chiia san, tuc dan xa hoa, ke sT dua
nhau tai gidi"*^'.
Ben canh dd, hg edn cd mgt diic tinh dang quy
niia la rat men khach va hao phdng. Day la tap
quan, nep sdng da cd tir lau ddi cua ngudi ndng
dan Nam bd. Trinh Hoai Diic da cd nhiing ghi
ehep ve dieu nay kha cu the: " 0 Gia Dinh, khach
dan thi mdi an trdu trudc, thiet nude che rdi den
an cam banh, cdt phai phong hau. Khdng ke
ngudi than hay so, la hay quen, tung rich thd nao,
da dan tdt phai tiap nhan thiat dai. Cho nen ngudi
di choi phan nhieu khdng mang luong thue, ma
ngudi lau sd, ngudi trdn tranh kha nhieu vi cd
chd nudi khach"'^l Dieu nay da hd tbanh fruyen
thdng, bat ka ai da timg dat chan den day deu cam
nhan mdt each rd ret ve Idi sdng va con ngudi noi
day. Hieu khaeh la mgt hong nhiing net ca tinh
ddc dao cua con ngudi mien Nam.
Khdng chi hiau khaeh, vi tha, ma ddn bau
eung la net dae tiamg ciia con ngudi Nam bd,
dugc the hien qua Idi sinh boat bang ngay. Dd
eiing la eoi ngudn su hdi nhap giao luu giua edng
ddng cae dan tdc. Chinh vi vay, trong tinh each

cua ngudi dan nai day tha hien su bao dung, bdc
true, tiiang than, than tmh, mdc mac, ghet ninh
ngt, khdng tiileh rao trudc ddn sau, khdng thich
nhiing Idi sao rong, khudn phep.
3. Cae van de dat ra do! vdi viec xay dung
doi song tmh than d vung Dong bang Sdng
Ciiii Long
Ddi sdng tinh tiidn d Ddng bdng Sdng Cuu
Long, mdt mat da tao nen nhiing dac trung trong
tinh each cao dep, mat khac ciing bdc Id ra nhiing
tiau cue, nhugc diam. Dd la hg hao phdng qua
miic smh ra lang phi; chua coi trgng viec hgc
hanh, v\ vay, khu vue Tay Nam bd van la viing cd

trinh do dan tii tiidp so vdi cae vung khac hong
ca nude. Ban canh dd, ngudi dan nai day tiiat tiia,
chdt phac ndn nhe da, ca tin dl sa vao me tm di
doan, bi Igi dung va kich ddng...
Hien nay, khi ca nude dang budc vao nen
kinh ta thj trudng dinh hudng xa hgi chii nghia,
yau cdu cdn cd nguon nhan luc chdt lugng cao
da thich ling vdi su tac ddng ciia each m^ng
cdng nghiep 4.0 la tdt yau, thi d Dong bang
Sdng Ciiu Long ri le ngudi khdng cd v'xec lam
edn eao, so ngudi ngheo cdn ddng, nhat la d
viing nong thdn, viing sau, viing xa. Diau nay
da tae ddng va anh hudng Idn den su phat trien
ben viing ciia Vung, viec nhan thiic va ehi ra
duge cae van da cdn tdn tai, dang dat ra ddi
vdi viec xay dung ddi sdng rinh than d Ddng

bang Sdng Cim Long la viec mang lam mang
tinh eap thiet, ed y nghTa ca ve li luan va thuc
tiln sau sac. Nhiing van de ma vung Ddng
bang Sdng CCm Long dang gap phai va can
thao go de xay dung ddi sdng tinh than trong
giai doan sap tdi, cabin tap trung vao cdc ngi
dung sau:
Mgt Id, doi sdng tinh thdn cua viing Ddng
bdng Sdng Cicu Long biin doi trong hi chuan
muc tru&c tdc ddng ciia nin kinh te thi tru&ng
dinh huang xa hgi chii nghia
Kinh te thi trudng va toan cau hda la nhftng xu
the khach quan, tdt yeu ddi vdi su phat trien eua
Ddng bang Sdng Cuu Long, trong dd cd ddi sdng
tinh tiian eua Vung. Xu budng chay tiieo cae Igi
ich vat chat, bd qua bay coi nhe eac nhu cau va
Igi ich tmh than da diin ra trong mdt bg phan xa
hdi, dac biet trong the be tre. Bae thang eac gia hi
xa hdi dang ed chieu hudng bidn ddng, didu nay
tac ddng tnic tiep dhn su xudng edp vh dao due
va Idi sdng; ddng thdi, la nguy co xdi mdn nhung
gia tri van hda huygn tiidng tdt dep eua eac tiie
he di trudc.
CJ Ddng bdng Sdng Ciiu Long, nhftng gia hi
van hda tmyen tiidng tren linh vue tinhtiidnhxang
nhftng nam qua ludn duge chu trong bao ton va
phat buy Dao due, loi sdng, phong tue tap quan,
le hdi, tm ngudng ton giao... la nhung gia tii tinh
tiian vo gia ddi vdi cu dan vung Ddng bdng Sdng
Khoa hoc chinh tn - So 2/2019

'{Nghien ciiu - Trao ddi
Ciiu Long. Ngoai vi?c dap iing nhu cdu van hda
linh thSn va tam linh cua xS hdi, ddi sdng tinh than
con gop phdn to Idn trong viec giao due huydn
thong, gift gin ban s5c van hda truydn thdng dan
t^. D6ng Ihdi, lam cho con ngudi cdi md va tin
tudng vao tuong lai. Tuy nhi8n, didu dang quan
lam va biic xiic niidt hong xa hdi bian nay la do
tac dgng mat trai ciia nSn kinh te thi trudng nhieu
gia tii lien quan den ddi sdng tinh tiian dang cd
nguy eo bi, bao mdn. Su tdn tai dan xen giua cai
iniii vi cai cii, cai xdu, cii lac hau lan sau vao cae
quan h? giiia con ngudi vdi eon ngudi. Bieu hidn
r5 net la da cd nhihig bien ddi va bien dgng trong
be chuan d^io due dang diin ra ngay cang phiie
t^, dan xen nhihig nhan td tich cue va tidu cue,
trong do xu hudng tieu cue ed liie ndi lan manh,
tr& thtoh ndi lo ciia toan xa hdi ndi ehung va eua
Vung noirieng.Su bien ddi va bien ddng dd diin
rattrentdt ca cae khia eanh trong ddi sdng, tu dao
Sk wa loi song, tii lao ddng, cdng tac den giao
tiep va ling xii xa hgi, tu gia dinh, nha trudng ddn
dc CO quan... Dang luu y nhat la da xuat bien
^ l^ch ehuan ve dao diic, Idi sdng hong mdt bd
phiin khong nhd eiia xa hdi, nhu:

nhiau t^e ngudi khac nhau cd nhiing tin ngudng
rieng gdn lien vdi ddi sdng kinh te va tam Imh cua

mmh. Tm ngudng (du la tin ngudng dan gian) de
din toi me tin di doan, khi nhdn manh qua miie
yeu td sieu nhien, huyln bi, dat ra nhung nghi
le qua phien phiic lam rdi loan cugc sdng bmh
thudng. Viec tiid eung td tien, eac vi anh hung
cd cdng dung nude, eiiu nude se khdng cdn la
nhiing nhan td van hda tdt dep, khi gdn cho nd
nhiing dieu huyen bi vdi nhftng nghi tiiuc ciing ll
luih dmh, nhung thii ti^c phien ha, phiic t^p mang
nhung yau td ma thuat, phii tiiiiy. Vi vay, ranh
gidi giiia tin ngudng vdi me tm di doan rdt mong
manh. Nhiing hien tugng nay dang hd tiianh vdn
de nhuc nhdi cho gia dinh va xa hdi, pha hoai
thuan phong my tue, anh hudng xau dan ddi sdng
tinh than, vat ehat cua nhan dan va hon the, lam
xdi mdn eac gia tri dao diic tmyan thdng, loi sdng
gian di, ehan ehat ciia ngudi ngudi dan hong
viing Ddng bang Sdng Ciiu Long.

Ba la, d&i song tinh thdn ciia vimg Ddng bdng
Sdng Cuu Long chiu tde dgng bai ehinh dieu kien
song cita eu ddn trong vimg
Thue tian eho thay, mac du la vimg san xuat
+ Xuat hien loi sdng ieh ki, tuyet ddi hda ndng san hang hda Idn nhdt Viet Nam, nhung thdi
M ich ca nhan, coi nhe Igi ieh edng dong, ben gian qua, vung Ddng bang Sdng Ciiu Long vln
canh x3 hgi m ^ g tmh cdng ddng, de cao tinh chua dugc ddu hr phat trian mgt each tuong xiing.
Cae chi tiau y te, giao due, phat trien ket cau ha
c^ng dong.
+ D§ va dang ^ n tai Idi sdng vd cam, thd o tdng... cua Vimg ddu tiidp nhdt so vdi toan qudc,
voi nhfing khd khan va khd dau cua ngudi khac, neu tinh hmh nay tiep tue keo dai se cd nhiing

ben qinh mgt xa hgi coi trgng tmh nghia nhan ai. anh budng vd cung bdt Igi tdi viec nang cao chat
lugng sdng eua cu dan hong Vimg va cong tac
+Ton tai Idi song tdn thd ddng tian, chay theo xay dung ddi sdng tinh than ciia Ddng bang Sdng
cae gia tri v§t chdt, bd qua phdm gia va nhan each Cuu Long hong bdi eanh hgi nbap.^
Bdn Id. nhiing thdch thuc xudt phdt tic ngi
«nii^,ben canh xS hgi da eao eae gia hi tinh
tgi cua su phdt triin vitng Ddng bdng Song
™, ddi s6ngtinhthdn.
CuTA
Long
+ Xuat hien cae hanh vi va biau hien leeh
Mgt hong nhiing thach thdc Idn, ed su tac
chuan da 1 ^ "nay mdm" cho eac te nan xa hdi,
dgng va anh hudng din ddi sdng tinh thdn ciia
gay tac dOng xdu den mgi quan he xa hdi.
nai la, dai song tinh thdn & vimg Ddng bdng Ddng bdng Sdng Cim Long hong bdi canh
'^"gCuu Long mdt dan net rieng vdn cd khi liin hien nay la: thach thirc tii eac boat ddng phat
trien kinh ta - xa hdi d phia thugng ngudn sdng
^mMn hogt dgng tin nguong
Song bdng Sdng Ciiu Long la vimg da tdn Ma Kdng, phat hien kinh te - xa hdi ndi tai
eua
Virng; nhiing thaeh thirc do tac ddng cua
W tin ngudng, ngudi dan hong vimg cd truydn
"™8 sinh hoat, ho?t dgng tm nguong tu lau ddi. bian doi khi hau va nude bian dang dan dan
Khoa,Jl£cchfnhtri-S6 2/2019


• Nghien ciiu - Trao doi
su thay ddi ddng chay d eae luu vue sdng,
suy giam lugng pbu sa, sat Id bd sdng, sut liin

dat do khai thac nude ngam qua miic, su gia
tang xam nhap man, ban ban.., Ben canh dd la
nhung bat cap, ban che trong quy hoach phat
trien Vimg cung nhu sir Idng leo trong thuc
hien quy hoach phat trien vimg. Do thieu su
phdi hgp, hen ket chat che giua eae dia phuong
ciing nhu tinh "cue bg" trong phat trian, ddn
den tinh trang quy hoach tdng tha Vimg khdng
dugc bao dam; dau tu dan trai, su chdng cheo,
canh tranh nhau trong ea eau phat trian nganh
nghe ciia mdi dia phuang lam cho ngudn luc
bi phan tan, tidm nang eua ea vimg khdng
dugc phat huy... Tdt ea nhung dieu nay deu
la "diem nghen" can duge nhan dien mdt each
thau dao va ed nhiing giai phap mang tinh kha
thi da cdng tac xay dung ddi sdng tinh than
d Ddng bang Sdng Ciiu Long trong giai doan
hien nay cd budc phat trien ve chat.
4. Mgt so giai phap ctf ban hirdng den xay
dyng ddi song tinh than vung Dong bdng Song
Cmi Long trong giai doan hien nay
Thir nhdt, day manh tuyen truyen, van dgng,
td ehiic cae loai hinh hoat ddng, sinh boat van hda
cdng ddng phii hgp vdi xu the mdi nhung khdng
mat di nhiing gia tri thudc ve ddi sdng tinh thin
cua Vung. Ddng tiidi, tiidng qua eac boat dgng
van hda tmyan thdng, da xay dung eon ngudi
vimg Ddng bang Sdng Cim Long budng dan eac
gia tii chan - thien - my, phat tiian toan dien vdi
cae diic tinh cua dan tdc va nhiing chudn muc

riang cua ngudi Nam bd thdng qua eac loai hmh
boat dgng van hda, nghe thuat hong he thdng
trung tam van hda tu tinh dan co sd.
Thic hai, can khac phue nhftng thuc trang
Q-ong hien tai,tiingbudc cung co, xay dung chien
luge phat tiien con nguditi:anco sd xay dung loi
song van hda mdi hong qua tiinh cdng nghiep
hda, hien dai hda, dudi su tae ddng, anh hudng
ciia cugc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0. Chii ti-gng
viee xay dung ddi sdng tinh tiidn cho ngudi dan,
coi day la cdng viec va trach nhiem ciia toan xa
hdi, cae cap, cae nganh, eac co quan dan vi, eac
gia dinh deu phai ed y tbiic xay dung ddi sdng

tinh than.
, • i, Thic ba, vua xay dung va phat frien kmh te,
vua xay dung va phat hian ddi song tinh than
eua nhan dan vung Ddng bdng Sdng Ciiu Long
theo hudng tiiudng xuyen, lien tiae, lau dai,
nhdm duy hi eai tdt, cai tien bd, loai bd dan cai
xau, eai tieu cue.
Thic tu, xay dung mdi trudng van hda lanh
manh nhdm nang cao tinh van hda hong mgi boat
dgng kmh te, cbinh hi, xa hgi va sinh hoat ciia
nhan dan, lam eho van hda tiidm sau vao ddi sdng
va hoat ddng xa hdi eua vimg Ddng bang Sdng
Ciiu Long.
Thic nam. cimg viec td chiie cae hoat dgng
smh boat vui choi giai tri lanh mtuih, khdi phue
cae la hdi dan gian. Cdn chii trgng ketiiirava phat

huy truyen thdng van hda cua cae dan tdc hong
Vimg, su da dang, phong phii cua van hda tdc
ngudi. Phat trian van hda vimg Ddng bang Sdng
Ciru Long gan lien vdi giao luu van hda qude gia, ,
qude te, tiap thu nhiing tinh hoa van hda cua cae
vimg trong nude va van hda nhan loai de lam dep
thdm cho van hda Vimg^

'" Theo Tong cue Dan so, http://!^"*^ gop^. I
gov.vn/home;jsessionid=A6040AE21245AC- i
69352B630E805C08B3?p_p_id=47
"' C.Mac va Ph.Angghen, Todn lap, tap 1, Nha xudt
ban Chinh tii Qu6c gia. Ha Noi. 1995, tr.35
"* VI. Lenin, Todn tap. tap 19, Nha xu§t ban T\ka bg,
Matxccrva, 1980, tr.28
"'Tran Mai IToc, Nguyin Trung Dung, Doan Thi H6ng
Minh (2018), Nhimg dac diSm ea bdn vd cde vdn S
dgt ra trong viec xdy dmg d&i sdng tinh thdn tai viing
Dong bdng Song Cuu Long. Hgi thao khoa hoc Qu6c
te Conferencen proceedings The International Conferencen on "Human philosophy of people in the Southern region, Vietnam" ISBN: 978-604-965-094-9 Nha
xuat ban Dai hgc Cdn Tho, 2018
<='>;'«Trmh Hoai Dire, Gia dinh thdnh thdng chi, Nha
xuat ban Giao due. Ha Noi. 1998, tr 141 va tr.46

Khoa hpc chinh tn - So 2/203.9