Đánh giá thực trạng tảo hôn ở vùng dân tộc thiểu số huyện chư prông, tỉnh gia lai từ năm 2015 đến năm 2018

Tap chl Khoa hgc so 39 (08-2019)

TRUCiNG DAI H O C D O N G THAP

DANH GIA THlTC TRANG TAO HON 6 VUNG DAN TQC THIEU SO
HUYEN CHIT PRONG, TINH GIA LAI TlT NAM 2015 DEN NAM 2018
• Hoang Viet Trung", La Thi Kim Dung", Hoang Thi My L i n h "
Tom tat
Tao hdn da Idm cho chdt luong nguon nhdn lue bi suy gidm, dnh hudng true tiep din siec khoe,
ddng vdc vd khd ndng lao dpng cua con ngudi Xudl phdt lie thue trgng lao hon vd hon nhdn can huyil
thdng d vung ddn toe thdu s6 huyin Chu Prong tie ndm 2015 den ndm 2018, bang phuang phdp phdng
vdn cdu trite vd nghien euu tdi lieu, nhom nghiin cieu dd thiet ke phiiu diiu ira vd liin hanh khdo sdt
349 cdp vg chong co lien quan din lao hdn dang dinh eu tgi 12 thdn, Idng thuoc 6 xd cd sd cap tdo hon
cao nhdt huyin bao gom (la Bodng, la O, la Pitch, la Vi, la Ga, la Pior) Tie kit qud khdo sal thuc dia,
nhom nghiin euu tiin hdnh xir ly sd lieu vd di din xdc dinh nhom ddn toe thiiu sd co linh trgng lao hdn
eao phdn theo ddn tdc, gidi linh, lira tuoi vd dia bdn eu trii Dong thdi lim hiiu nhdn thuc cua ngiedi
ddn ve vdn de tdo hon vd Lugt Hon nhdn vd gia dinh Tie do, xdc dinh nguyen nhdn vd di xudt ede gidi
phdp gidm thiiu tdo hdn tren dia bdn huyin Chu Prong.
Tie khda: Tdo hon, ddn lpc thiiu so, huyin Chu Prong
1. Dat van die
Nim d phia Tay Nam ciia tinh Gia Lai, Chu
Prong la mdt trong ba huyen cd dudng bien gidi
giap vdi Carapuchia, noi hen giiia cac huyen phia
Hie va cac huyen phia Nam eua tinh Gia Lai vdi
chieu dai 90 km dudng bien gidi. Chu Prong theo
tieng ciia ngudi Jrai ed nghia la "nggn nui ldn".
That vay, vdi dien tich tu nhien 169.551,56 ha (Idn
thii 3 trong sd 17 huyen ciia tinh Gia Lai) dugc to
chiic thanh 20 xa va thi tran, Noi day cdn la dia ban
sinh sdng cua 18 dan tdc anh em, trong do chiem
so ddng nhat la ngudi Kmh 56%, ngudi Jrai 30%,

tiep theo la ngudi Dao, ngudi Niing, Ngudi Tay,
ngudi Mudng di cu tii cac tinh mien mil phia Bae
nhung nam 80 cua the ki trudc Su cgng cu cua
cac dan tdc thieu so da hinh thanh mgt nen van
hda da dang, dac sac cho Chu Prong, nhung viec
duy tri nhirng tap tuc lac hau ciia ngudi dan tgc
thieu sd eiing de lai nhieu trd ngai va thaeh thirc
doi su phat trien ben viing d khu vuc nay Trong
do tao hdn ngay cang trd thanh van nan ldn doi
vdi toan xa hoi, nhung hiem hoa ve sue khde va
chat lugng ngudn nhan luc do tao hdn de lai se
trd thanh ganh nang cho xa hgi trong tuong lai
Vi vay, danh gia diing thuc trang, tim ra nguyen
nhan va dk xuk cac giai phap phii hgp vdi dac thu

'•i Trudng THPT Pleime, Chu Prong, Gia Lai
<•'•> Hoc sinh, Trudng THPT Plemie, Chu Prong,

Ciia dja phuong se gdp phan giam thieu tao hdn d
huyen Chu Prdng.
2. Tao hon & viing dan toe thieu so huyen
Chu" Prong
2.1. Tao hon xet theo gioi tinh, dan toe va
dia han cu trii
Nhin tu gdc do phap lu^t, tao hdn la viec lay
vo hoae lay chong khi chua du tudi ket hdn theo
quy dinh tai khoan 8 Dieu 3 Luat Hdn nhan va gia
dinh nam 2014 quy dinh Theo do, luat phap Vi^t
Nam quy dinh tuoi ket hdn doi vdi nam tir dii 20
tuoi trd len va nii tii dii 18 tuoi trd len se du dieu

kien ket hdn va duoc co quan tu phap chiing nhan
dang ky ket hdn.
Tren thuc te cho thay, viec ket hdn cua mdt
so dong bao dan tdc thieu sd d huyen Chu Prong
1^ khdng can cii vao cac van ban quy pham phap
luat ma hdn nhan dugc to chiic theo quan niem
phong tuc da cd tii lau ciia cac dan tdc thieu so
Quan niem trai ldn bat vg, gai ldn ga chong, hay
tuc hiia hdn, ga hon, tuc noi day ciia mdt so dan
tgc thieu so da an sau vao tiem thiic mdi ngudi
dan, trd thanh hu tuc da cd hang tram nam keo
dai den tan ngay nay
Tinh tir nam 2015 den thang 9 nam 2018 toan
tinh Gia Lai ed: "4 894 trudng hop tao hdn, dQ
moi tao hdn tap trung tir 13 tuoi den dudi 18 tuoi.
Rieng nam 2016 cd so cap tao hdn cao nhat trong
67


Tap chi Khoa hgc so 39 (08-2019)

T R U d N G DAI H O C D O N G THAP

bon namti-dlai day, vdi 1.513 cap" [1, tr 2] Nam
2017, tinh trang tao hdn tren dia ban tinh Gia Lai
tuy CO giam nhirng van edn "1.504 cap va den nam
2018 chi thdng ke trong 9 thang dau nam da phat
hien cd 1.055 trudng hop tao hon tren dja ban toan
tirJiGiaLai" [l,tr 2],
Chu Prdng la mdt trong nhiing huyen cd ti le

tao hon cao nhat ciia tinh Gia Lai. Theo thdng ke
eiia Uy ban nhan dan huyen Chu Prong eho thay;

"Trong nam 2017 cd 278 cap tao hon, trong do
phan theo gidi tinh thi tao hdn nir cd 192 trudng
hop chiem 69%, trudng hop tao hdn nam gidi la
86 ngudi chiem 3 1 % " [6, tr. 3].
Tirthang5nam2015 den thang 5 nam 2018,
tdng sd trudng hgp tao hdn tren dia huyen Chu
Prdng la 718 cap Chi tinh rieng 6 xa do nhdm
nghien ciiu dieu tra da phat hien 349 cap trong tong
so 718 cap ciia toan huyen (xem Bang I).

Bang 1. Tong hoii cac xa co so doi tirong tao hon cao nhat huyen Chir Prong
(Dan vi: Ngum)
Xa

Nam

Gioi tinh

Dan tdc

Nam

NO-

2015

2016

2017

2018

Kinh

Thilu s^

la Boong

23

24

3

14

19

11

1

47

laO

16

40

10

25

14

7

1

56

la Puch

21

36

9

22

14

12

0

57

laVe

26

48

5

28

25

16

0

74

laGa

10

44

9

14

16

15

4

50

la Piar

16

45

13

31

11

6

3

58

112

237

49

134

99

67

9

340

Tong

Xgtion: Chl cue Dan so - Ke hoach hoa gia dinh huyen Chu Prong [3. tr. IJ

Ket qua tren cho thay, thuc trang tao hdn d
huyen Chu Prdng van cdn rat phd bien Trong do,
nam 2016 biing phat vdi 134 cap, tang 85 cap so
vdi nam 2015 Nam 2017, sd cap tao hdn tren dia
ban huyen tuy cd giam nhung van cdn 99 cap vo
chdng tao hdn. Chi tinh neng 5 thang dau nam
2018, sd trudng hgp tao hon d huyen Chu Prong
ciing cd 67 cap Thuc trang tao hdn d Chu Prong
duoc lam ro nhu sauXet theo gidi tinh va dan tgc Tao hdn d huyen
Chu Prdng ed dac diem tao hon d nir gidi la chu yeu
va cao hon so vdi tao hdn d nam gidi. Trong tdng sd
349 trudng hgp tao hdn bao gdm ca ngudi Kinh va
ngudi dan tdc thieu sd thi tao hdn d nu gidi chiem

23 8 trudng hgp cao gap 2,1 lan so vdi trudng hop
tao hon d nam gidi chi cd 112 trudng hgp. Ia Ve
la xa cd ti le tao hon nii gidi cao nhat huyen vdi 48
trudng hop tao hon nii cao gap 1,8 lan so vdi tao
hdn d nam gidi Rieng xa la Ga sd vu tao hon nir
cao gap 4,5 lan so vdi tao hdn nam gidi Ben canh
do, tao hdn d huyen Chu Prong cd su chenh lech rat
Idn giiia cac nhdm dan tdc dang cu tiii tren dia ban
68

toan huyen, Trong do, dan tdc Jrai cd ti le dan so
ldn thir hai toan huyen (sau ngudi Kmh) cd 42 483
ngudi chiem 30% dan so toan huyen nhung lai c6
sd cap tao hon cao nhat huyen vdi 105 cap chiem
30%) tdng so cap tao hon, tiep den la ngudi dan toe
Daocd95 cap chiem 27,14%), ngudi dantgcNiing
ed 60 cap chiem 17,14%, ngudi Mudng cd 46 cap
chiem 13,15%), ngudi Tay cd 35 cap chiem 10%
Dac biet ed 9 cap tao hdn la ngudi Kmh, chiem
gan 3% trong tdng sd 349 trudng hop tao hdn duoc
nhdm nghien ciiu khao sat (xem bieu do 1).

Bilu dh 1. Thuc trang tao hon phan theo
nhom dan toe a huyen Chu- Prong


Tap chi Khoa hgc so 39 (08-2019)

TKUCfNG DAI HOC DONG THAP
Su chenh lech ve ty le tao hon phan theo dan

tgc ciing phan anh sir chenh lech trong nhan thiic
cua ngudi dan tdc ve hdn nhan va gia dinh va nhirng
tac hai cua tao hon den ddi song kinh te, sire khde
ciia con ngudi. Ket qua dieu tra nh|n thirc cua 349
cap vg chong cd tao hdn tren dia ban 6 xa ve Luat
Hon nhan va gia dinh va nhiing tac dong cua tao
hdn doi vdi sire khde sinh san vi thanh men, nlidm
nghien eiru thu duoc ket qua nhu sau- Chi rieng
9 cap tao hdn ngudi Kinh cd nhan thirc diing v8
Luat Hon nhan va gia dinh chiem 100% ti le nhan
thirc diing. Cac nhdm dan tdc con lai khi cd mire
dp nhan thirc diing ve nhirng tac dgng cua tao hdn
la rat thap Trong do, nhdm dan tgc cd ty le nhan
thirc dimg thap nhat ve hon nhan va gia dinh la
ngudi Jrai chi cd 30/105 ngudi cd cau tra Idi dimg
(28,6%), ngudi Nung ciing cd muc do nhan thiic
diing thap thir hai sau ngudi Jrai, 21/60 ngudi tra
Idi dimg (3 5%o). Ngudi Tay c6 ty le nhan thirc dimg
cao thir hai (sau ngudi Kinh) vdi 27/35 ngudi cd
cau tra loi diing {71,1%) (xem bang 2).
Bang 2. So sanh ty le nhan thm: dung ve Luat Hdn
nbSn va gia dinh phSn theo nh6ni dan toe it
huyen Chtf Prong
(dan vi: Ngir&i)
Nhom
(JSn tdc

Tong so
nguoi duoc
idiao sat

So ngirifi
nhan thiic
diing

Ti le %
28,6

Jrai

105

30

Mirirag

46

25

54,3

Nijng

60

21

35.0

Dao

95

37

38,9

Tay

35

27

77,1

Kinh

9

9

100

349

158

45,3

Tong so

Xet theo dia bdn cu tru: Tao hdn dien ra d
hau kh4p cac xa ciia huyen Chu Prong, trong dd
tap trung d 6 xa cd so cap tao hdn cao nhat huyen
l a x a l a V e vdi 74 cap chiem 21,2%, tiep den laxa
xa la Pior vdi 61 cap chiem 19,2%o, xa la Piich cd
57 cap chiem 16,3%, xa cd ty le tao hon thap nhat
trong tong so 6 xa la la Bodng cirng cd 48 c^p tao
hdn chiem 13,8%), Sd dl, tao hdn tap trung nhieu
d cac xa neu tren vi day la dia ban sinh sdng chu
yeu cua ngudi Jrai va mgt so ngudi dan tdc mien

niii phia B^c di cu vao lam kinh te mdi, di kem vdi
qua trinh di cu va cgng cu ciia cac nhdm dan tdc
thieu sd la nhimg hii tuc ve hdn nhan va gia dinh
vSn cdn ton tai trong ddi song tmh than hang ngay
cua cac dan tdc nay.
2.2. Tao hon xet theo do tuoi
Xet ve do tuoi, tao hon d huyen Chu Prong
chu yeu dien ra trong dp tuoi tii 14 tuoi den 17 tuoi
cao hon so vdi mat bang chung ciia toan tinh la tii
13 tuoi den iStuoi Quakhaosatth\rcdiatinhhinh
t a o h d n d l 2 thdn, lang thude 6 xa cho thay, do tuoi
ket hon cao nhat d huyen Chu Prdng la 16 tudi vdi
210 ngudi chiem 60%, do tudi dudi 14 tuoi chi cd
18 ngudi chiem 5%o, dd tudi 15 tuoi cd 52 tnrdng
hop da k§t hdn chiem 15%o, do tuoi 17 tudi cd 70
ngudi da cd gia dinh chiem 20%)
Tir sd lieu khao sat do tudi tao hdn, cd the ket

luan rang- Tao hdn d huyen Chu Prdng chii yeu dien
ra trong dd tuoi hgc sinh trung hoc, phan ldn hgc
sinh nii dang theo hpc trung hpc co sd hoac trung
hoc pho thdng da di den hon nhan Viec nay, dong
nghia vdi ti le hoc sinh bd hoc ciia hoc sinh trung
hoc d Chu Prdng rat cao, nhat la ddi vdi hgc sinh
nir. That vay, minh chimg qua sd lieu thong ke hoc
smh bo hoc tai Trudng Trung hgc pho thong Tran
Phil va Trung hoc phd thong Pleime - day la hai
trudng phd thdng cd nhieu hoc smh la ngudi dan
tgc thieu sd dang theo hgc nhat huyen Chu Prong
da cho thay. "Tir nam 2015-2018 cd 381 hgc sinh
bo hpc, trong dd hoc sinh nir chiem tv le cao tir
55%) den 67% va hpc sinh la ngudi dan tdc thieu
sd ehiem tren 50%) so vdi tong so hpc sinh bd hgc.
Phan ldn sd hoc sinh bd hpe la hoc sinh dang theo
hpc Idp 10 va Idp 11 Trong sd hpe sinh thdi hoc
chi cd 53 trudng hpp chuyen sang hgc nghe, sd
hoc sinh con lai sau khi nghi hoc d nha phu giiip
cdng viec nuong ray eho bd me" [4, tr 5; 5, tr. 5]
(xem bang 3),
Thuc trang tao hdn xet theo gidi tinh, dan tdc,
do tudi va dia ban cu tni da cho thay nhan thiic ciia
cac dan tgc thieu so d huyen Chu Prong ve hdn nhan
va gia dinh cdn nhieu han che Nhirng hii tuc lac
hau trong hdn nhan ciia ngudi dan toe thieu s6 anh
hudng true tiep den chat lugng dan so va sir phat
trien ben viing ciia xa hgi trong tuong lai. He qua
69

TRUCfNG DAI HOC DONG T H A P

Tgp chl Khoa hoc s 5 39 (08-2019)

ciia viec tao hdn dugc the hien tren ba phuong dien
chinh la giao due, y thuc phap luat va sire khde sinh
san van chua dugc ngudi dan nhan thuc day du.

em dudi 01 tuoi va dudi 05 tuoi Dong thdi, lam
tang ti le tii vong ciia ngudi mang thai Ian dau
dudi 19 tuoi gap 4 Ian so vdi nhiing ngudi mang
thai lan dau tren 20 tuoi,
Bang 3. Tmh trang bo h^c ciia hoc sinh trung hoe d Chir Prong
2.3. Dac diem thuc
Nam 2017-2018
Nam 2016-2017
Nam 2015-2016
trang tao hon if huy^n
DSn
Dan
Dan
Nir
Chu Prong
TS
Nir
TS
Nir
TS
toe

toe
foe
Tir thyc tr&ng tao d
54
104
61
55
76
124
64
67
153
huyen Chu Prong trong
58,7
51,9
54%
35,9
49,7
51,6
4 nam tir nam 2015 den
Ngudn: lac gid tonghap tir [4]: [5]
nam 2018 dupe trinh bay
d tren, da cho thay mpt so
Trudc hit, xet ve mat doi sdng linh thdn Tao
diem noi bat nhu sau:
hon la vi^c "chiem doat tudi tho" cua ngudi chua
Thie nhdt, tao hdn d nu gidi ludn cao hon so
dii tuoi -vi thanh nien Viec lay vp hoac lay chong
sdm dong nghia vdi viec phai nghi hgc sdm, mat vdi tao hon d nam gidi. Dieu nay cho thay, tiong
CO hgi duoc tu do hgc tap, tu do lira chpn nghe nhan thirc ciia ngudi dan tdc thieu so van chua thiic

nghiep trong tuong lai, ma nghiem trong hon la su coi trong vai trd ciia giao dye doi vdi su phat
danh mat di quyen tu do lira chgn hanh phiic cho trien xa hpi, cac em gai la ngudi dan tpc sau khi
mdi ca nhan, mdi con ngudi. Do do, he qua ve mat hpc xong bae hgc trung hoc co sd thi it co co hpi
dugc hpc tiep d cae bae hgc cao hon, thay vao do
tinh than la khdng the do dem dupe.
Xel vi y thiee ehdp hdnh phdp lugt Tao hdn la viec ket hdn va di den cudc sdng gia dxvAx theo su
dong nghia vdi y thiic chap hanh phap luat ciia sap dat ciia cha me. Ngoai ra, tao hon nir cao hon
ngudi dan tgc thieu sd cdn thap, ve lau dai cang keo so vdi tao hdn nam ciing cho thay su bat binh dSng
dai tinh trang nay la cang lam mat di tinh nghiem trong hdn nhan d vimg dan tpc thieu so.
Thie hai, tao hdn khdng chi d nhiing xa vung
minh, cdng b§ng cua phap luat. Trong khi do, theo
Dieu 5, Luat Hdn nhan va gia dinh nam 2014 da sau, viing xa, cae xa n§m doc tren dudng bien gidi
quy dinh ve trudng hpp cam ket hdn giiia nhirng giiia Viet Nam va Campuchia ma cdn dien ra ngay
ngudi Cling ddng mau ve true he; giiia nhiing ngudi ca d nhiing xa thuoc vung thuan loi nhu xa la Ga,
cd hp trong pham vi ba ddi. Doi vdi hanh vi to chirc la Bodng la nhirng xa gan tnmg tam huyen, cd dieu
lay vp, lay chong va duy tri quan he vo chong trai kien kinh te - xa hpi thuan loi va phat trien ciing
phap luat khi chua dii moi ket hdn thi bi phat tien cd hon 57 trudng hop tao hdn Do vay, can co bi?n
tir 500.000 ddng den 30 trieu ddng hoac ph.it cai phap can thiep sdm de giam thieu tinh trang nay.
tao khong giam giir den 2 nam (theo Nghi dii.h
Thie ba, tao hdn d huyen Chu Prong khdng
llO/2013/ND-CP quy dinh xu phat doi vdi h.'nh chi dien ra d bg phan dan cu la ngudi Jrai, ngudi
vi tao hon).
Dao va ngudi Niing ma cdn xiy ra doi vdi ca ngudi
Xet vi mdt chdl luang siec khde ddn sd: Ket Kinh. Qua dieu tra thuc dia da cho thay d dia ban
hdn sdm se dan den h | u qua mang thai sdm va 6 xa nhdm nghien eim tien hanh khao sat deu co
sinh de trong lira tuoi ehua thanh men, khi co the hien tupng tao hdn d ngudi Kinh, xa cd nhieu vu
ngudi m? chua phat trien hoan thien. Mat khae, tao hon doi vdi ngudi Kinh nhat la xa la Ga vdi 4
do van cdn qua tre, nen thieu hieu biet, thieu kinh trudng hgp Cung theo so lieu dieu tra dan so cua
nghiem va chua san sang tam ly de mang thai da huyen Chu Prdng hau het d cac xa thuan loi, tinh
anh hudng den siic khde ba me, anh hudng den trang tao hdn ciia ngudi Kinh chiem ti le kha cao,

su phat trien binh thudng ciia thai nhi va tre so dien hinh nhu: "xa la Phin tinh den nam 2018 co
sinh. Day la nguyen nhan lam gia tang ti le tre em 21 vii t^o hdn, nhung ngudi Kinh chiem 15 trudng
suy dinh dudng, thap cdi va ti le tu vong cua tre hpp, xa la Drang cd 13 trudng hgp va xa la Tor co

%

70

%

%


TRUCfNG DAI HOC DONG T H A P
7 trudng hop tao hdn la ngudi Kinh" [3, tr. 2]. Viec
tao hdn dien ra ddi vdi ngudi Kinh da cho thay tao
hdn thuc su la mdt van ngn ldn cho ca xa hgi trong
tinh hinh hien nay
Thie tu, tinh trang tao hdn xay ra khong chi
doi vdi ngudi ddng bao dan tdc thieu s6 cd hoan
canh kinh te khd khan, trinh do dan tri thap, ma d
Chu Prong tao hdn cdn xay ra d ca nhiing gia dinh
cd dieu kien kinh te kha gi^. Dieu do chimg td, su
nh|n thiic va hieu biet cda ngudi dan ve van de dan
so, siic khde smh san, Luat Hdn nhan va gia dinh
con thap. Nang cao nhan thirc ve tac hai ciia tao hdn
den ddi song, sire khde cho ngudi dan ndi chung,
ngudi dan tpc thieu so ndi neng la giai phap quan
tipng gdp phan giam thieu tinh trang nay
3. Nguyen nhan dan den tao hon d Chw

Prong
Cdng lac tuyen iruyin phd biin phdp lugt
cdn bdt cdp, nhgn thiee cua ngudi ddn vi Lugt
Hon nhdn vd gia dinh vd tdc hgi eua tdo hdn chua
cao: Vdi dia ban rgng ldn, dia hinh phirc tap nhu
huyen Chu Prdng, giao thdng di lai khd khan, dai
bd phan ngudi dan tdc it ngudi thudng xuyen sinh
sdng d vimg sau, vimg xa, trinh do dan tri tuong
ddi thap, tap quan du canh, du cu; nhieu hu tyc
lac hau trong viec ket hdn, Iy hdn, cham sde, giao
dye, nudi dudng con cai hoac bat binh dang nam
nu trong quan he hdn nhan vSn ton tai. Qua dieu tra
thyc dia cua nhdm nghien ciru cho thay, ngudi dan
tiep can he thdng phap luat rat khd khan, cdng tac
tuyen truyen chi dien ra theo cac chien dich truyen
thdng ma khdng dugc tuyen truyen, pho bien phap
luat thudng xuyen va lien tuc. Chinh viec tuyen
truyen, pho bien phap luat chua dat hieu qua cao
da din den hieu biet ve phap luat ciing nhu nhirng
tac hai cua viec tao hdn giira ngudi Kinh va ngudi
dan tgc thieu so cd sy chenh lech rat Idn.
Xudt phdt tie phong tuc, tap qudn Igc haw
Phong tuc cua cac dan tdc thieu so ton tai va an
sau trong nhan thiic ciia ngudi dan da anh hudng,
chi phoi manh me trong ddi song, smh hoat ciia
hg. Doi vdi dong bao dan tpc thieu so, viec ket
hon chii yeu dugc thuc hien theo phong tuc, tap
quan; viec lay vp, lay chong chi can su dong y
cua nhung ngudi dung dau trong budn, lang hoac

Tap Chl Khoa hgc sd 39 (08-2019)
cua cha me hai ben va sy chiing kien cua gia dinh,
hg hang, lang xdm la dii chii khdng can su dong
y ciia chinh quyen dia phuong va khdng chiu sy
rang bupc cua luat phap hi$n hanh. Quan niem
ket hdn sdm de cd them ngudi lao dpng san xuat,
dn dinh cuoc song gia dinh, mdt so gia dinh quan
niem ddng con thi be the, ddng con lam ra nhieu
ciia cai, mdt so budn lang cdn xem viec cd dong
ngudi se lam cho budn lang cd them sire manh.
Chinh nhirng quan niem nay da lam cho tao hdn d
Chu Prong van cdn tdn tai.
4. Giai phap giam thieu thyc trang tao hon
d Chu- Prong
Tdng cudng luyen iruyin vd phd bien phdp
lugt gdn vdi xdy dung Huong udc tai cde thdn lang
eiia ngudi ddn lpc thiiu sd. Phd bien, giao due phap
luat la phuong tien truyen tai nhiing thong tin, yeu
cau, npi dung va cac qui dmh phap luat ve LuSt
Hdn nhan va gia dinh den ngudi dan giiip ngudi
dan hieu dung phap luat ve hdn nhan gia (Enh, cac
quy dinh Hen quan den ket hon sdm. Ngoai ra, de
pho bien giao due phap luat cd hieu qua cao, cac
CO quan chuyen mdn dimg dau ta Chi cue Dan so Ke hoach hda gia dinh va Ban Dan toe ciia Uy ban
nhan dan huyen can phai bien soan tai lieu tuyen
truyen, td roi bang tieng Viet va tieng ciia ngudi
dan tpc de de dang tuyen truyen den moi ngudi dan.
Xdy dung Huong udc trong cde thdn, lang
ngudi ddn tdc thieu sd. Huong udc la nhirng nguyen
vpng do ngudi dan tu dat ra, dugc thao luan, ban

bae va nhat tri thdng qua, phu hpp vdi phap luat
va phong tuc tap quan tdt dep cua nhan dan nen se
dupe toan dan ty giac chap hanh. Huong udc ciia
moi thon lang ciing c6 nhiing dac diem neng mang
dam ban sae tot dep ciia mdi thdn, lang gSn vdi tin
ngudng, van hda, tam linh ciia mdi dan tdc, ben
canh do Huong udc ciing can de cao van de xii phat
nhiing hanh vi vi pham phap luat, vi pham phap
luat ve tao hdn. Vi vay, mdt trong nhung giai phap
cd tinh phap ly, cd kha nang rang bupc ngudi dan
tgc thieu so thuc hien la phai xay dyng cac huong
udc trong mdi thdn, lang
De huong udc thyc su trd thanh quy tic cua
tiing thdn, lang nhung lai mang tinh phap Iy cao,
bat bude moi ngudi deu phai thuc hien thi trudc

71


TRUCfNG DAI HOC DONG THAP
het Huong udc ciia cac thdn lang phai dam bao
thudng di lien vdi phat, cae hinh phat phai dii tinh
giao due, ran de va neu guong ddi vdi cac thanh
vien trong cdng dong,
Phdt huy vai trd eua ngudi ed uy tin trong cdc
thdn Idng, xdy dung ede md hinh edu lac bp "ndi
khdng vdi tdo hdn " trong dia bdn ddn cu Xuat phat
til dac thu van hoa cua ddng bao dan tdc thieu so
Tay Nguyen ludn de cao vai trd cua ngudi dimg
dau trong cac budn, lang. Tinh cd ket cgng ddng

va siie manh cua cac thdn lang cang dugc de cao
khi cd nhimg ngudi gia lang, trudng ban cd uy tin.
Vi vay, can phai phat huy vai tro guong mau, di
dau cua nhirng ngudi cd uy tin trong cac thdn lang
ngudi dan tdc thieu so Bdi le, trong cdng tac tuyen
truyen, thuyet phuc ddng bao cac dan tpc thieu so
chap hanh phap luat ve Hdn nhan gia dinh thi ngudi
gia lang, trudng ban la ngudi gan giii va cd uy tin
nhat doi vdi mpi ngudi dan, giira ho khong cd rao
can nao ve ngon ngii, phong tuc va tap quan Vi
vay, cac gia lang, trudng ban, ngudi cd uy tin trong
cgng ddng rat thuan loi trong viec tuyen truyen,
van ddng xda bd nhirng hu tuc l^c hau va phdng,
chong tao hdn
Muon lam dupe dieu nay, trudc het cac co
quan chuyen trach ve phap luat va dan sd can phai
cd nhiing buoi tap huan, tuyen truyen cu the nhirng
quy dinh ciia phap luat, anh hudng eiia viec tao
hdn cho cac gia lang, trudng ban nhan thirc sau
sac. Ben c ^ h do, ciing can cd co che ddng vien,
khen thudng kip thdi cho nhung gia lang, trudng
ban tich cue trong cdng tac tuyen truyen, van dgng
nhan dan thuc hien phap luat
Dong thdi vdi viec phat huy vai trd ciia
nhirng ngudi cd uy tin trong cac thdn lang thi
cung can thanh lap cac cau iac bd "ndi khdng vdi
tao hdn" nham tap hop nhirng gia dinh cd con em
trong do tud' tir I 3 den 17 dang ky cam ket khdng
to chirc ga hon, ep hdn. Ciing vdi do, eau lac bd
nay cd nhi§m vu tu van tam ly, van dgng ngudi

dan tir bd dan cac hii tuc trong hdn nhan. giup
do cho nhiing em gai trong do tudi den trudng
tranh khdi sy ap dat ciia gia dinh, ciia phong tuc
tap quan lac hau.
Tdng cudng gido due phdp ludi vd gido due
72

Tap chi Khoa hpc so 39 (08-2019)
kl ndng sdng trong nhd trudng Tao hdn xay ra
phan Idn d Iiia tuoi hpc smh tnmg hpc, mot phan
do hoan canh khd khan cua gia dinh, hii tuc ciia
dia phuong nhung ciing cd mdt phan cac em chua
dugc giao due kT nang sdng, chua dugc tuyen
truyen ve phap lu$t phdng chong tao hdn. Vi vay,
hau het cac em deu khdng nhan thiic dugc day du
hau qua sau khi ket hdn, hoac khi bi ep hdn, ga
hon cac em khong cd ky nang tu giai thoat khoi
nhirng ap dat tir ngudi ldn va khong tu khang dinh
duoc quyen con ngudi trong cuoc sdng, Vi le do,
giao due kT nang song trong nha trudng liic nay
la rat can thiet.
Trudc het, can phai tang cudng giao due k!
nang song cho hoc sinh, nhat la hgc sinh nguoi
dan tdc thieu sd, hoc sinh yeu the trong nha trudng
Qua dd, cac em cd the dieu chinh hanh vi theo dung
chuan muc xa hgi, giiip cho cac em cd kT nang lua
chgn, vuot qua nhiing rao can, thaeh thuc tir cuoc
sdng ma vuon len trd thanh ngudi cd ich, tranh xa
vao cac hii tuc, lac hau vdn dang rang bupc ngudi
dan tpc minh. Khi dugc trang bi kl nang song, hpc

sinh se cd kha nang lam chu ban than, kien dinh
vdi chinh kien ciia minh va biet thuong lupng, dam
phan khi gap phai khd khan trong cugc song. Ket
qua nghien ciiu ciia to chuc UNICEF nam 2012
trong bao cao danh gia hieu qua cac chuong trinh
giao due ky nang sdng tren toan cau ket luan rang
cae chuong trinh giao due kT nang song cd ket qua
lam giam nguy co gap cac van de ve siie khde sinh
san nhu mang thai ngoai y mudn, nang cao su tu tin
cua ngudi hgc trudc cac moi quan he xa hpi, nang
CaO nh$n thirc cua hpc sinh ve quyen con ngudi, y
ihirc xay dung xa hdi tien bd
Ben canh giao dye kT nang sdng, cung can tang
cudng giao due phd bien phap luat cho hoc sinh,
Dua npi dung phap luat vao chuong trinh giang
day chinh khoa thdng qua cac mdn hoc nhu Dao
due (Tieu hpc), Giao due cong dan (Trung hoc)
Thudng xuyen giao due pho bien phap luat thdng
qua cae hoat ddng bo tro giao due nhu sinh hoat tap
the, giao due ngoai gid len ldp, to chirc buoi hofit
ddng ngoai khoa chuyen sau ve nang cao chat lugng
dan s6, giam thieu tao hdn de thu hiit dong dao hpc
sinh tham gia Thdng qua chuong trinh phat thanh


Tap chi Khoa hoc so 39 (08-2019)

TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP
thanh nien cua Doan thanh men can cd nhung bai
tuyen truyen ve hau qua cua viec ket hdn sdm ddi

vdi hgc smh, tir do lam thay ddi nhan thuc ciia hoc
sinh tich cue hon.
Gidm thieu tdo hon phai gdn hen vdi phdl tnin
kinh ti - xd hdi vd chdt luong ddn sd. De nang cao
chat lupng ddi song nhan dan can tap trung phat
trien kmh te xa hpi, hoan thien he thdng co sd ha
tang phue vu ddi sdng nhan dan nhu dien, dudng,
trudng, tram Ddi vdi ngudi dan tdc thieu sd viec
thue hien myc tieu nang cao chat lugng ddi song
nhan dan phai giin hen vdi viee quy hoach, phat
tnen vimg kmh te chuyen canli va day lui tap quan
du canh, du cu cua ngudi dan. Gan phat trien kinh
te vdi phat tnen ddi sdng van hda, tinh than Ngoai
ra, phai thyc hien muc tieu xay dung ndng thdn mdi
tiong viing ddng bao dan tdc. Trong dd, xac dinh
muc tieu cu the la phai nang cao ddi sdng vat chat,
tinh than cho ngudi dan, co ket cau kinh te-xa hdi
phii hop, CO cau kinh te va cac hinh thirc td chirc
san xuat hop ly, xa hdi ndng thdn binh dang, dn
dinh, giau ban sac dan tdc, mdi trudng sinh thai
duoc bao ve
Mudn nang cao chat luong dan sd, nhat la
chat lugng dan sd ddi vdi ngudi dan tdc thieu sd,
trudc het phai giam thieu tao hdn, ddng thdi giam
ty suat sinh ty nhien, dam bao mdi cap vo chdng chi
nen sinh du 2 con Ngoai ra, ciing phai day manh
tuyen truyen ngudi dan thyc hien kham sire khoe
trudc khi ket hdn, tam soat cho phu nu trong thdi
ky mang thai va sau khi sinh de sdm phat hien cac
dang dl tat nhu tan mau bam sinh (Thalassemia)

5. Ket luan
Qua viec danh gia thuc trang tao hdn cua
ngudi dan toe thieu sd d huyen Chu Prdng, phan
nao da cho thay, tir nam 2015 den nam 2018, mac
dii tinh trang tao hon cd phan giam xudng nhung
miic dp tao hdn van cdn cao Tao hdn cd the xay

ra d bat cu noi nao, khong phan biet la viing sau,
vung xa, vimg kinh te kho khan hay vimg cd dieu
kien kinh t^, xa hpi thuan lgi Nhan thirc cua ngudi
dan tdc thieu sd van cdn nhieu ban che va khdng
the ty thoat ra khdi su rang bupc cua nhiing hu tuc,
quan mem lac hau, trai nguge vdi su phat tnen cua
mpt xa hgi van minh neu nhu khdng cd su tuyen
truyen, phd bien giao due phap luat ve hdn nhan
gia dinh, khdng cd sy vao cugc mdt each quyet liet
cua chinh quyen dia phuong va cac td chirc chinh
tn xa hpi tai dia phuong
Do vay, muon giam thieu tinh trang tao hdn
va di den cham diit van nan nay can cd su vao cugc
ddng bd va kien quyet tir phia chinh quyen dia
phuong, gia dinh - xa hpi va nha trudng, trong do.
Ve phia chinh quyin dia phuong Can day
manh cong tac tuyen truyen, giao due, phd bien
phap luat cho ngudi dan, nhat la ngudi dan tgc thieu
sd Phai lay phuong cham "phdng cdn hon chong",
tang cudng nhan thirc cua ngudi dan ve phap luat
hon la xir ly ngudi dan vi pham phap luat
Vi phia gia dinh - xd hoi Can xay dung cac
khu dan cu van hda, hinh thanh cac Cau lac bg ''ndi

khdng vdi tao hdn" phat huy vai trd ciia cac gia
lang, trudng ban, ngudi cd uy tin trong cong ddng
dan cu, Xay dung cac quy chuan van hda khu dan
cu, COI dd la yeu cau tat yeu ma mdi ngudi dan,
mdi gia dinh phai thuc hien va lam theo.
Ve phia nhd tnedng: Trudc het can lam tot
cdng tac phan ludng hoc sinh ngay tir bae trung
hoc CO sd va sau dd la bae tnmg hoc phd thdng.
Tang cudng giao due phap luat, ren luyen dao dire,
ky nang sdng cho hoc smh, qua do se lan tda duoc
muc tieu giam thieu tao hdn den timg hpc sinh va
phu huynh cung nhu ngudi xung quanh./.
Loi cam on: Bai viet dupe trich tir de tai dy
thi khoa hoc ky thuat cap Quoe gia danh cho hpc
sinh trung hoc khu vyc phia Nam nam 2019.

Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. Ban Dan tdc tinh Gia Lai (2018), Tinh trang tdo hon vd hon nhdn can huyit thdng trong vimg
ddng bdo ddn tdc thieu s6 tren dia bdn linh, UBND tinh Gia Lai, Gia Lai,
[2]. Qudc hdi Viet Nam(2015), Ludt Hon nhdn vd gia dinh ndm 2014 vd nhimg vdn bdn hiedng ddn
thuc hdnh, NXB Chinh tri qude gia. Ha Npi.
[3]. Trung tam Dan sd - ke hoach hda gia dinh huyen Chu Prdng (2018), Tdng hop sd ddi luang
73


TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP

Tap chJ Khoa hgc sd 39 (08-2019)

tdo hdn vd ket hdn can huyit thdng tie ndm 2015 den thdng 6 ndm 2018, Trung tam Dan so - ke hoach

hda gia dinh huyen Chu Prdng, Gia Lai.
[4]. Trudng THPT Pleime (2018), Bdo cdo sd lieu hpe sinh thdi hpc 2015-2018, Sd Giao due va
Dao tao tinh Gia Lai, Gia Lai.
[5] Trudng THPT Tran Phii (2018), Bdo cdo s6 lieu hoe sinh thdi hoc 2015-2018, Sd Giao due va
Dao tao tinh Gia Lai, Gia Lai.
[6] Uy ban nhan dan huyen Chu Prdng (2018), Tinh hinh lu tie vd nan tdo hon, hdn nhdn can huyet
thong trong vitng ddn toe thiiu so trin dia bdn huyin Chu Prong, UBND huyen Chu Prdng, Gia Lai
ASSESSING IMMATURE MARRIAGE AMONG ETHNIC MINORITIES IN CHU PRONG
DISTRICT, GIA LAI PROVINCE DURING THE 2015 -2018 PERIOD
Summary
Immature marriage has reduced the quality of human resources, directly affecting human health,
physique and labor capacity. On the context of immature marriage and near-marital marriage among
ethnic minorities in Chu Prong distnct dunng the 2015 - 2018 period, using the structured interview and
document review, the research team designed a questioimaire and surveyed 349 couples of immature
marriage residing in 12 villages within 6 communes w^th the highest number of immature marriages in
the distnct (namely la Boong, l a O , laPiich, laVe, laGa, la Pior) From the results ofthe field survey,
the research team analyzed data and identified ethnic minority groups with high immature marriage
in terms of race, gender, age and residence. At the same time, the team investigated the local people's
perceptions of eariy marriage and the marriage-farmly law Thereby, the team identified the causes and
proposed solutions to minimize immature marriage in Chu Prong district.
Keywords Immuture marriage, ethnic minorities, ChuProng district.
Ngdy nhdn bdi. 18/4/2019, Ngdy nhdn lgi 04/7/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng: 15/8/2019.

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