Vai trò của quan hệ dân tộc và tầm quan trọng của việc xây dựng quan hệ dân tộc trong quá trình công nghiệp hóa, hiện đại hóa ở việt nam hiện nay

VAI TRO CUA QUAN HE DAN TOC VA TAM
QUAN TRONG CUA VIEC XAY DUNG QUAN HE
DAN TOC TRONG QUA TRINH CONG NGHIEP HOA,
HIEN DAI HOA d VIET NAM HIEN NAY
DINH THI HOANG P H I / O N G "
Tom tat: Bai viet luan giai vai trd cua quan he dan tpc va tam quan trgng cua viic xay difng quan
he dan tpc trong qua trinh cong nghiip hoa, hipn dai hoa d Viet Nam hien nay: ThU nh^t, xay difng
quan hp dan tpc de tao cd hpi va diSu kiSn dS' cac dan tpc cUng hdp tac, phat trien vemgi mat, cUng
nhau thilc hipn thang ldi sil nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa; Thd hai, xay difng quan hS dan
tpc de cac dan tpc ciing cd'sif hiiu bie't, tin tiidng, hgc hoi va giiip dd lan nhau, tranh gay mau thuin,
cang thang dan de'n nguy cd xung dot, ly khai dan tpc, gay can trd qua trinh cong nghiep hda, hien
dai hda.
Tii khoa: Vai tro cua quan he dan tpc; xay dilng quan hp dan tpc; cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa.
Abstract: This article discussed the role of interethnic relations in industrialization and
modernization in Vietnam. Firstly, building interethnic relations creates opportunities and
conditions for cooperation, fostering industrialization and modernization. Secondly, interethnic
relations strengthen mutual understanding, sharing and support among ethnic communities,
avoiding plausible ethnic conflicts which might hinder industrialization and modernization.
Keywords: Interethnic relation; role; build; industrialization; modernization.
Ngay nhan bai: 02/11/2019; Ngay siia bai: 05/12/2019; Ngay duyet dang bai: 15/01/2020.
1. Dat va'n de
Xa hdi loai ngfldi tdn tai vd phat trien
theo nhflng quy luat khach quan va
nhflng quy luat dd dflde bieu hien thdng
qua hoat dpng ed y thflc cua con ngfldi.
Trong dd, boat dpng va md'i quan he xa hdi
cua eon ngfldi cd vai trd quyit dinh rd't ldn
de'n stf phat trien eua lieh s^ xa hdi. Trong
mdt qud'e gia cd nhieu dan toe thi quan he
dan tdc la mdt trong nhflng quan he xa hdi
cd ban, cd vai trd quye't dinh den sfl tdn tai

va phat trien qud'c gia. Vi vay, viec xay
dtfng quan hd gifla cae dan tdc la dieu ta't
yeu khdch quan trong qua trinh phat trien
cua qudc gia da tpc ngfldi. Xua't phat tfl
quan diem cua ehu nghia Mae - Lenin ve

bao ve Td qud'c Viet Nam, eflng nhfl kinh
nghiem xfl ly va'n de dan tdc va quan hd
dan tdc tren the' gidi. Dang va Nha nflde
ludn coi vd'n de dan toe va xay dflng quan
he dan tdc la mdt trong nhflng vd'n de ed
tam quan trpng chien Iflpc cua each mang
Vidt Nam. Van kien Dai hdi dai bieu toan
quoc lan thd XII ciia Dang Cdng san Vidt
Nam da khlng dinh "Doan ke't cac dan tpc
cd vi tri chien Ivtgc trong sd nghiep each
mang nddc ta. Tie'p tuc hoan thien cac cd
che, chinh sach, bao dam cac dan tdc binh
ding, tdn trgng, doan ke't, giai quyd't hai
hda quan he gida cac dan tgc, giiip nhau
cung- phat trien kinh te, van hoa, xa hdi

va'n d l d a n tpc va thflc t i l n xay dflng v a

" ThS. Khoa Ly luan Chmh tri, Trudng Dai hoc Da Lat.

Q]

NHAN LUC KHOA Hpc XA HOI

sd 3-2020


DINH THI HOANG PHUONG
viing- cd dong ddng hao dan tdc thidu sd',
nha't la cac vung Tay B&c, Tay Nguyen,
Tiy Nam Bd, Tay duyen hai mien
Trun^"'^\ Hien nay, nflde ta dang tien
hanh cdng cuoc ddi mdi, thflc hien giai
doan day manh qua trinh edng nghiep
hda, hien dai hda dd't nfldc nhlm tao sfl
chuyen bie'n ve chat tren ta't ea cac linh
vtfe eua dpi sd'ng. Day la mdt cude each
mang ldn ma trong dd vai trd cua quan he
dan tdc Id h i t sfle quan trpng eho sfl
thanh cdng cua sfl nghiep ddi mdi d nflde
ta. Chinh vi vay, viee nghien cflu, nhan
thflc sau sic t i m quan trpng eua viee xay
dflng quan he dan toe nhlm eung ed', tang
efldng va phat huy hdn nfla sfle manh
doan ke't eae dan toe, day manh tie'n trinh
phat trien kinh te' - xa hpi, gifl vflng an
ninh ehinh tri, trat tfl an toan xa hdi,
hoan thanh stf nghiep edng nghiep hda,
hien dai hda Id mdt nhiem vu quan trpng
va ra't cap thie't, cd y nghia vfla cd ban,
vfla cd'p baeh ea ve ly luan va thflc tien.

Tha hai, hidu theo nghia qud'c gia dan tgc
(nation), dan toe la mpt cdng ddng ngfldi

dn dinh hdp thdnh nhan dan mdt nfldc, ed
lanh thd qud'c gia, cd nen kinh t l thd'ng
nha't, cd qud'e ngfl ehung va ed y thflc ve sfl
thdng nhat qud'e gia cua minh, gan bd vdi
nhau bdi ldi ieh chinh tri, kinh te, truyen
thd'ng van hda va truyen thd'ng dau tranh
chung trong sud't qua trinh lieh stf lau dai
dflng nfldc va gifl nfldc. Theo nghia ndy ta
cd dan tdc Viet Nam, dan tdc Trung Hoa,
dan tdc Phap,... Tren the' gidi hien nay ed
khoang hdn 200 qud'e gia dan toe. Hlu he't
eae qud'e gia tren the' gidi hien nay la qud'e
gia da dan tdc. Trong bdi vie't nay, tac gia
de cap dan toe theo nghia toe ngfldi (ethnic
people), dflng de ehi 54 toe ngfldi thudc
qud'e gia dan tpc Viet Nam.
Theo quan diem triet hpc Mac-xit, xa
hdi loai ngfldi khdng phai la tdng edng eua
nhflng ea nhan ddn le ma do la edng ddng
ngfldi dfldc gin kit vdi nhau bdi nhflng
quan he tren ta't ca cac linh vflc cua ddi
2. Quan h.% d a n tgc va t a m quan sd'ng xa hdi. Trong qua trinh san xua't ra
trong cua viec xay dflng q u a n he d a n cua cai vat cha't, loai ngfldi da xac lap
toe trong q u a t r i n h cong nghiep hoa, quan he vdi the gidi tfl nhien, xa hdi lodi
ngfldi va tfl duy cua eon ngfldi. Cae quan
hien dai hoa of Viet Nam hi§n nay
2.1. Ve khai niem dan tgc va quan he he xa hdi dflde hinh thanh tfl sfl tae ddng,
tfldng tac qua lai cua eac chu the trong
dan tdc
Dan toe la mpt khai niem khoa hpc ma md'i quan he va biin doi theo diiu kien

cho de'n nay van edn nhiiu tranh luan va hoan canh lich sfl. Vi vay, quan hd xa hdi
da cd nhieu each dinh nghia, each hieu vl cua eon ngfldi vd vung da dang, phong phfl
khai niem nay. Dfldi gdc dp chinh tri - xa va phflc tap nhfl: quan he giai ea'p, quan
hdi, khai niem dan tpc cd the hieu theo hai he dan tdc, quan he tdn giao,... Trong tac
nghia: Thd nha't, hieu theo nghia tgc phdm Lu$n cifdng ve Phoidbac, Cae Mae
ngitdi (ethnic), dan tpc la mdt cdng dong da khang dinh: "Ban chit cua con ngddi
tpc ngfldi cd ehung ngdn ngfl, lich stf - khong phai la cai trdu tddngcd'hau cua ca
ngudn gdc, ddi sd'ng van hda va y thfle tfl nhan rieng biet. Trong tinh hien thifc cua
giac toe ngfldi. Theo nghia nay, ta ed dan
tdc Han, dan tdc Do Thai, dan tdc Kinh,...
Trdn t h i gidi hien nay cd khoang hdn 3000 "* Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kipn Dai hgi
dai hiiu toan quoc lin thd XII, Nxb. Chinh t n quo'c
dan toe, trong dd Viet Nam cd 54 dan toe; gia. Ha Noi, tr.l64.

S(f 3-2020

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

Q|


VAI TRO CUA QUAN HE DAN TQC VA TAM QUAN TRONG...
nd, ban chat cua con ngddi la tdng hda
nhdng quan he xa hdi'-^K Tren ed sd xae
dinh khai niem dan tdc de cap trong bai
viit hidu theo nghia tpc ngfldi; xua't phat
tfl lap trfldng ehu nghia duy vat bien
chflng va ch-u nghia duy vat lich s^ khi
nghien eflu va'n de, khai niem quan he dan
tpc dflpc hieu theo hai ca'p dp nhfl sau:

Nghia hep, quan he dan toe la sfl tae ddng
qua lai Iln nhau, anh hfldng nhau, rang
bude nhau, gdp phan quy dinh sfl tdn tai
va phat trien eiia nhau giaa ngddi va
ngddi trong ngi tai mot tpc ngadi dfldc xem
xet tren td't ca eac khia canh eua ddi sd'ng:
phfldng thflc sinh hoat kinh te, ngdn ngfl,
phong tue tap quan, truyin thd'ng van
hda,...; nghia rdng, quan he dan toe la sfl
tac ddng qua lai Iln nhau, anh hfldng
nhau, rang budc nhau, gdp phan quy dinh
sfl tdn tai va phat trien cua nhau gida cac
tdc ngifdi trong mdt qud'c gia dan tdc, quan
he nay dfldc the hien, ehi phd'i va rang
budc bdi ldi ieh kinh te', ehinh tri, van hda,
xa hdi thd'ng nhd't trong pham vi dpi sd'ng
xa hdi cua mdt qud'c gia.
2.2. Vai trd ciia quan he dan tdc trong
qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, Men dai hda d
Viet Nam hien nay
Trong sfl nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien
dai hda dat nfldc hien nay, vai trd ciia quan
he ddn tpc Id he't sfle to ldn va toan didn, cd
the khai quat vai trd cua md'i quan he nay
theo eae linh -vflc ed ban nhfl sau:
Trong linh vifc kinh te'
Cdng cude xay dflng va phat trien kinh
te' da't nfldc ddi hdi phai huy ddng mpi
ngudn lfle, khai thac mpi tilm nang, trong
dd quan trpng nhd't la phat huy sfle manh

tdng hpp ciia cdng ddng cac dan tpc Viet
Nam. Chi cd the phat huy dflpc sfle manh
tdng hpp eua cpng ddng cae dan toe nflde
ta khi ed quan he dodn kit, sfl lien hpp, sfl
Q

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAH

giflp dd gifla ta't ca eae dan tdc vdi nhau.
Trflde day, da't nflde bi xam lang, ddng bao
cac dan toe da doan ket, gin bd bin chat
eflng nhau danh dudi be lu cfldp nflde.
Ngay nay, da't nfldc hda binh, thd'ng nhat
nhflng cdn ngheo nan, lac hau; mdi ngfldi
dan, mdi dan tdc tren da't nflde Viet Nam
diu nhan tha'y rang mdt ea nhan, mdt dan
tpc rieng le khong the thflc hien thanh
cdng sfl nghiep xay dflng va phat trien
kinh te' da't nflde ma phai ed stf doan kit,
hdp tac, tfldng trp gifla cac dan tdc anh em
vdi nhau, cung nhau pha'n da'u bin bi mdi
dat dfldc. Cd dflde sfl ddng thuan, doan kd't
ciia cae dan toe mdi ed ndi lflc, cd sfle
manh quan trpng thflc day manh me tie'n
trinh, td'c dp va kd't qua eua edng cude xay
dflng va phat trien nin kinh te' eua d^t
nflde cung nhfl cua mdi dan toe. Trong qua
trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat
nfldc hien nay, eae nganh cdng nghiep,
ndng nghiep, giao thdng van tai, tai chinh,

thfldng mai, dieh vu,... mud'n boat dpng
dfldc ddi hdi phai cd nhieu ye'u td' nhfl: ed
sd vdt cha't, ngudn nguyen lieu, nhan lfle,
vd'n,... Sfl doan kd't, chung sfle, chung long,
tfldng trd va giflp dd ldn nhau gifla eac
dan tpc vdi nhau se tao dieu kien thuan ldi
de huy ddng dfldc nhflng ye'u td' can thie't
eho viee duy tri va phat trien san xua't cua
eae nganh, tao dpng lflc tang trfldng
nhanh, ben vflng cua cae ngdnh, cua eae
•vung, miin va ciia ca nin kinh te' nfldc ta.
Trong linh vifc chinh tri
Qua trinh lich sii Viet Nam da chflng
minh mpt each rd rang quy luat dflng nfl6c
phai di ddi vdi gifl nflde. Cdc the he dng
cha di trflde da doan kit, tfldng trd va giflp
dd lan nhau trong chien da'u va ehiln
® C.Mac va Ph.Angghen (1995), Toan tap, tap 3, Nxb.
Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, t r . l l .


DINH THI HOANG PHLTONG
thang ke thu trong sud't lieh stf dflng nflde
va gifl nflde. Ngay nay, trong qua trinh di
len chu nghia xa hdi, da't nflde ta ddng thdi
phai thflc hien ca hai nhiem vu ehiln lfl(3c
la xay dflng va bao ve To qud'e Viet Nam
xa hpi chii nghia. Bao ve To qud'c la bao ve
nhflng thanh qua each mang va bao dam
cho da't nflde ed dieu kien hda binh de xay

dflng chii nghia xa hdi. Sfle manh de bao
ve To qud'e dd la sfle manh cd dflpc tfl sfl
gin kit khang kbit, quan he doan kit
vflng ben ta't ea cae dan toe Viet Nam anh
em. Stf nghiep bao ve vflng ehle To qud'c,
dpc lap, chu quyIn, thd'ng nhat, toan ven
lanh thd; bao ve Dang, nha nflde, nhan
dan va che' dp xa hpi chu nghia; bao ve an
ninh chinh tri, an ninh kinh te, an ninh tfl
tfldng van hda va an ninh xa hdi; duy tri
trat tfl, ky efldng, an toan xa hdi; gifl -vflng
on dinh ehinh tri eua dd't nflde, ngdn ngfla,
dly lui va lam tha't bai mpi am mflu, boat
ddng ehd'ng pha eiia mpi ke thu chi ed the
thfle hien thing ldi khi eae dan toe anh em
doan kd't mdt long, sat canh ben nhau.
Quan he doan ke't, tfldng trd, gan bd keo
sdn gifla eac dan toe anh em dflde xay
dflng va vun dip trong lich stf dflng nflde
va gifl nflde eua dan tdc, gid day lai cang
dflde nhan len trong sfl nghiep bao ve To
qud'c xa hpi chii nghia. Sfle manh cua
quan he doan kit, gin bd, tfldng trd, giflp
dd cua cac dan tdc la nhan td' quan trpng
bao dam gifl vflng sfl on dinh ehinh tri, tao
tien dl eung cd' va doi mdi he thd'ng chinh
tri, lam tha't bai mpi am mflu pha hoai cua
cac t h i lflc thfl dich trong nflde va qud'c te'.
Trong linh vdc van hoa, xa hdi
Trong thdi dai ngay nay, qud'e gia dflpc

coi la phat trien phai la mdt qud'e gia
khdng nhflng cd nen kinh t l phat trien cao
ma phai ed mdt ddi sd'ng van hda tinh than
phong phu va giau ban sic dan tpc. Trong
S6 3-2020

qua trinh edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda,
Dang va Nha nfldc ta ludn coi van hda -vfla
la mue tieu, vfla la ddng lfle thuc day sfl
phat tridn kinh te - xa hdi. Nhiem vu van
hda trong giai doan hien nay da dfldc
Dang Cdng san Viet Nam neu rd trong
Van kien Dai hgi Dai bieu toan qud'c lan
tha XII, dd la: "Xay ddng nen van hda va
con ngddi Viet Nam phat then toan dien,
hadng de'n chan - thien - my, thim nhuin
tinh thin dan tdc, nhan van, dan chu va
khoa hgc. van hoa thiic sd trd thanh nen
tang tin thin vdng chic cua xa hdi, la sdc
manh ndi sinh quan trgng dam bao sif
phat then ben vdng va bao ve vdng chic
Td qud'c vi muc tieu "dan giau, nUdc manh,
dan chu, cong bing, van minh'^^K De phd'n
da'u xay dtfng mdt nin van hda Viet Nam
tien tie'n, dam da ban sic dan toe, ddi hoi
khdng chi cd sfl nd lfle eua tflng ea nhan
ddn le ma phai la sfl doan ke't, gin bd, tdn
trpng cflng phat trien ciia ca cdng dong eae
dan tdc Viet Nam. Trong dai gia dinh eae
dan tdc Viet Nam, mdi dan tdc deu cd ban

sic rieng ra't phong phfl phan anh truyen
thd'ng lieh stf, ddi sd'ng tinh thin, niem ttf
hao dan tdc blng nhflng ban sac ddc dao.
Nen van hda Viet Nam la nin van hda
thd'ng nha't trong da dang. Nam mfldi tfl
(54) dan toe anh em, 54 sic thai van hda
hda hdp vdi nhau tao thanh bfle tranh
sinh dpng nhieu mau sic eua nen van hda
Viet Nam. Do vay, cac dan tdc nfldc ta
phai ddng tinh, ddng sfle, ddng long thi
mdi bao ve, gifl gin, khdng lam phai nhat
va ma't di nhflng ban sic van hda eiia rieng
dan tdc minh eung nhfl bao dam dflde tinh
da dang va thd'ng nhd't cua nin van hda

'•'> Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kipn Dai hpi
dai bieu toan quoc lan thif XII, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc
gia, HaNoi, tr.l26.

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

Q


VAI TRO CUA QUAN HE DAN TQC VA TAM QUAN TRONG...
Vidt Nam. Cdng ddng eae dan tdc Viet Nam ehenh Ieeh gifla cac dan toe, nang eao eha't
chinh la ehii the sang tao, xay dflng va Ifldng eude sd'ng ta't ca eae dan toe nfldc ta.
phat trien nin van hda Viet Nam va mdt Viec giai quyit eae van de xa hdi bfle xue
ddi sd'ng van hda lanh manh ehi dflde hinh nhfl: xda ddi, giam ngheo, nang cao dSn
thanh tfl sfle manh doan kit, tfldng trd, tri, giai quye't viee lam, dan so va ke' hoach

giup dd cua cac thanh vien sd'ng trong cdng hda gia dinh, bao ve va cham sde sfle
ddng dd. Mdi gia dinh, mdi khu dan efl, mdi khde,... nha't la dd'i vdi ddng bao cac dan
-vung miin ma cac dan toe Viet Nam sinh tpc thieu sd d nhflng vflng sau, -vflng xa,
sd'ng doan kit, giflp dd nhau xay dflng mpt vflng dac bidt khd khan se khdng thd thfle
ddi sdng van hda lanh manh, van minh, hien dflde ne'u thieu sfl binh dang, dong
lieh sfl, bao dam cho dan toe Viet Nam la tinh, ddng sfle, ddng long, tdn trpng va
mdt qud'e gia giau manh ca vl vat chat Iln giup dd eua cac dan tpc anh em. Sfl doan
tinh than.
ke't, chung tay gdp sfle, tfldng trd eiia cae
Trong cdng eude xay dflng va bao ve Td dan tdc la sfle manh to ldn dd dan toe Viet
qud'c Viet Nam xa hpi ehu nghia, xuat Nam vfldt qua mpi khd khan, thach thflc,
phat tfl thfle tiln lich stf ddi sd'ng gifla cde dam bao cho vide giai quyit cac va'n dl xa
dan tdc Vidt Nam edn cd sfl chenh lech ve hdi bfle xue, thfle hidn tie'n bp va cdng
trinh dp mpi mat, dae bidt la gifla dan tdc blng xa hdi.
Kinh vdi cae dan toe thieu so', Dang va
2.3. Tim quan trgng cua viec xay ddng
Nha nflde ludn quan triet quan diem phai quan he dan tpc trong qua trinh cdng nghiep
ke't hpp cae muc tieu kinh te' vdi eae mue hda, hien dai hda 3 Viet Nam hien nay
tieu xa hpi, thfle hien tie'n bd va edng blng
Tha nhai, xay dtfng quan he dan tdc de
xa hpi ngay trong tflng bflde va tflng ehinh tao ed hdi va dieu kien de eae dan tpc cflng
sach phat trien. Trong Van kien Dai hpi hpp tdc, phat trien ve mpi mat, cflng nhau
Dai bieu toan qud'c Iln thfl XII, Dang ta thflc Men thang ldi sfl nghiep cdng nghiep
da neu rd: "Trong xay difng va thifc hien hda, hien dai hda.
cac chinh sach phat then kinh te - xa hdi,
Hien nay, ddi sd'ng ciia cae dan toe b
quan tam thich dang den cac ting Idp, bd Viet Nam cdn ehenh Ieeh vl nhiiu mat.
ph$n ye'u the trong xa hdi, dong bao cac Day la mpt thfle te' anh hfldng ra't ldn den
dan tpc thieu sd' d vung cao, vUng sau, quan he dan tdc. Nhieu nam qua. Dang va
vung xa, khic phuc xu hddng gia tang Nha nflde ta da cd rat nhiiu chu trfldng,

phan hda giau - ngheo, bao dam sfl dn ehinh saeh quan tam, hd trd nhlm khac
dinh va phat then xa hgi ben vdng. Thifc phue din dan sfl chenh lech ve nhieu mat
hien cac giai phap, chinh sach va quan ly gifla cae dan tdc. Tuy nhien, day Id mdt
de khac phuc tOng bade sd mat can dd'i ve qua trinh pha'n da'u lau dai va ben bi. Cac
phat then dd'i vdi tdng linh vifc, tdng dan tdc d Viet Nam do sfl quy dinh, chi
vung, bao dam sd hai hda ca trong phat phd'i bdi diiu kien dia ly, hoan canh lich
then, hifdng thu;... Kip thdi xd ly va kiem stf khac nhau nen trinh dp phat trien cac
soat cac rui ro, mau thuan, xung dot xa
hdi'^'^K Viec thtfe hien td't eac ehinh sach xa
hpi la ma'u chd't de dam bao tie'n bd va '•" Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2016), Van kien Dai hoi
edng bang xa hpi, giam dan khoang cdch dai bieu toan quo'c lan thif XII, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc
gia. Ha Noi.

Q

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

SO 3-2020


DINH THI HOANG PHU'ONG
mat cung khae nhau. Trong mdt qud'e gia
da dan tpc, stf phat trien ciia mdi mdt dan
tdc cflng anh hfldng, tac dpng va gdp phan
vao qua trinh phat tridn ehung eua edng
ddng eac dan tdc Vidt Nam. Trong bd'i
eanh mdi ciia dat nflde, qua trinh edng
nghiep hda, hien dai hda dang dflpc day
manh, xay dtfng quan he dan tdc de cac
dan toe anh em trong ca nfldc ed cd hpi hdp

tac va phat trien ve mpi mat la diiu tat
ylu. Quan he dan tpc dflpc xay dflng va
eiing cd' tren nin tang eua sfl binh ding,
doan ket, tdn trpng va giflp dd Iln nhau
trong qua trinh phat tridn thi eac dan tdc,
dae biet la eae dan tpc thieu sd' cd the tie'n
kip vdi dan tdc da so', vdi cac dan tpc thidu
so'anh em khac.
O Viet Nam, do nhiiu nguyen nhan
khaeh quan va chu quan trong lich stf lam
eho ddi sd'ng kinh te - xa hdi gifla eae dan
tpc cd stf ehenh Ieeh nhau. Diiu nay gay
ba't ldi trong viec xay dflng khd'i dai doan
ke't dan tpc, nha't la khi md'i quan he dan
tpc trd nen phflc tap va dl vfldt ra khdi
pham vi dan tdc trd thanh quan he qud'c
gia va qud'e te khi bi cae t h i lflc thu dich
ldi dung. Chinh -vi vay, xay dflng quan hd
dan toe de phat trien kinh t l - xa hpi, tflng
bfldc cai thien va nang eao ddi sd'ng, tao cd
hdi va diiu kien de cac dan tdc cung hdp
tac, phat trien ve mpi mat, thu hep din
khoang each phat trien gifla cac dan tdc la
ta't yeu eua qua trinh edng nghiep hda,
hien dai hda. Xay dflng quan he dan tdc de
tao cd hpi va dieu kidn de cac dan tdc eflng
hdp tae, phat trien ve mpi mat de mdi mot
dan tdc ed' gang vfldn len, ddng gdp vao
cdng eudc xay dflng da't nflde. Tfl do,
khoang each chdnh lech gifla eae dan tdc

giam din va tie'n kip vdi trinh dp phat
trien chung eua ca nfldc. Ddi sd'ng vl vat
eha't va tinh t h i n ciia nhan dan cac dan

tpc anh em cung dan dan dflpc nang len,
bao dam dflde mue tieu tang trfldng kinh
te va phat trien kinh te di ddi vdi thflc
hien tiln bp va cdng bang xa hdi, gifl dflng
dinh hfldng xa hpi trong nghia trong thdi
ky cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda da't nflde.
Tha hai, xdy dflng quan he dan toe de
cae dan tdc cung ed' sfl hieu biet, tin tfldng,
hpe hdi va giflp dd lan nhau, tranh gay
mau thuln, eang thang din de'n nguy cd
xung dot, ly khai dan tdc, gay can trd qua
trinh edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda.
Va'n de dan tdc va quan he dan tdc
thfldng ludn ehfla dtfng sfl nhay cam, phflc
tap. Tren the' gidi, tfl sau chie'n tranh the'
gidi thfl hai de'n nay, cd rd't nhiiu eudc
xung dot da xay ra, trong dd phan ldn deu
hen quan de'n vd'n dl dan tdc va quan he
dan tdc, gan liln vd'n dl dan toe vdi vaii dl
tdn giao. Trong nhiiu nam qua, tinh hinh
xung dot dan tdc, tdn giao tid'p tuc cang
thang tai nhieu khu vflc; Ddng Nam A
(Phi-lip-pin, In-dd-ne-xi-a, Thai Lan, Mian-ma), Nam A (An Dp, Pa-kit-xtan, Apga-nit-xtan), Trung Ddng (Xi-ri, Ai Cap),
Ble Phi (Tuy-ni-di, Li~bi). Cac cuoc xung
dot dan tdc thfldng rat phflc tap, keo dai va
khd giai quye't, de lai nhflng hau qua rat

nang ne, tham ehi bie'n thanh nhflng eudc
ndi ehiln keo dai. Dieu nguy hiem cua
nhflng xung dot dan tpc len tdi dinh diem
ehinh la nguy cd tan ra va ly khai dan tdc.
Day la md'i quan ngai ldn cua mdi mpt qud'c
gia dan tdc trong the gidi ngay nay.
Nguyen nhan eua nhflng cuoc xung dot,
mau thuln nay thfldng bit ngudn tfl sfl ba't
ddng, cang thing, xieh mieh, va cham
trong quan he dan tpc dd'i vdi eac idi ich ve
kinh tl, van hda, tin ngfldng tdn gido,...
Viet Nam la mdt qud'c gia cd dien tich
nhd nhflng lai cd dan sd ddng vdi 54 dan
tdc sinh sd'ng. Tinh hinh dan tdc tren t h i
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

Q


VAI TRO CUA QUAN HE DAN TOC VA TAM QUAN TRONG...
gidi hien n a y la b a i hpe k i n h n g h i e m s a u
sac de Viet N a m xtf ly h a i hda md'i q u a n
h e d a n tdc t r o n g qud t r i n h p h a t trien da't
nflde. Trong sud't chieu dai lich stf d a n tdc,
cdc d a n tdc d Viet N a m d a doan ke't, e h u n g
sfle, chung long d a n h duoi ngoai x a m , gifl
gin ddc lap d a n tdc, bao ve sfl b i n h yen eho
Td qud'c. Q u a n h e gifla cdc d a n tdc a n h e m
dflde xay dtfng va e-ung ed' trong sud't q u a
t r i n h dflng nfldc va gifl nfldc. Ngay nay,

t r o n g c h a n g dfldng mdi xay dflng chii
nghia xa hdi, cung vdi sfl b i i n ddi cua thflc
tien, q u a n h e gifla cae d a n tpc cang phai
dfldc q u a n t a m v a xtf ly h a i hda hdn nfla.
Qua t r i n h cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda
l a m n a y sinh nhflng d i i u kien mdi a n h
hfldng, tac ddng de'n md'i q u a n h e dan tpc
theo nhieu chieu, n h i i u hfldng khae n h a u .
Khi xu the' dpc lap, tfl chu d a n tdc ngay
cang dflde k h a n g (hnh, eac d a n toe vfla tfl
vfldn len k h a n g (hnh minh, vfla hda n h a p ,
thd'ng nha't chung vdi cpng ddng cac d a n
tpc. Dieu ndy cung l a m cho y thfle tdc ngfldi
eua mdi dan toe dflpc eung cd' m a n h me
hdn. \ ^ vay, nhflng ehinh saeh lien q u a n
de'n va'n d l dan toe va q u a n h e d a n toe ne'u
khdng dfldc thflc hien kheo leo va giai
quye't thda dang cung de gay ra m a u
t h u d n , xung dot. Cung vdi qua t r i n h p h a t
trien, chie'n Iflpc ddu tfl mpi m a t cdn ed t h e
ehfla hdp ly gifla eac vung m i i n , gifla cdc
dan tpc lam eho eac d a n tdc ed t a m ly bd't
an, lo ngai bi ddng hda, efldng bflc. Do dd,
hp cd the se m a n g tfl tfldng dan tpc h e p hdi,
cd' cha'p, ba't hdp tac de bao dam q u y I n ldi
eiia minh; xa h d n la n a y sinh y mud'n ehd'ng
lai chii trfldng, ehinh sach eiia D a n g vd
N h a nfldc. Tfl thfle tien t i n h hinh xung dot
dan toe d nhieu qud'e gia t r e n the' gidi, day
la nhflng bai hpc kinh nghiem quy gid cho

Viet N a m trong -viec giai quyet va'n d l d a n
tdc va q u a n h e dan tpc. Vi vay, trong qua
Q

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

t r i n h edng nghiep hda, hien dai h d a dat
nflde hien nay, xay dtfng q u a n h e d a n toe
de tao sfl hidu biet, t i n tfldng tfldng Iln
n h a u , t r a n h gay m a u t h u a n , cang thang
d a n den nguy cd xung dot.
H e qua nguy h i e m eua nhflng x u n g dot
d a n tdc d a n de'n sfl bd't dn ve chinh tri, gay
r a chia re, ly k h a i d a n toe. Nhiing nam
qua, t i n h h i n h d a n tdc d Viet N a m dien
bien k h a phflc t a p , d a cd luc xay r a "diem
ndng", mdu t h u l n d k h u vflc cd n h i i u dan
tdc t h i e u sd' efl trfl (Tay B i c , Tay Nguyen
va Tay N a m Bd). D a y la da'u hieu cho tha'y
n l u k h d n g chu y xay dflng td't va xtf ly hai
h d a md'i q u a n h e d a n tpc se t i e m dn n h i i u
h i e m hpa k h d n Ifldng. C u n g e I n n h i n nhan
r i n g . D a n g va N h a nflde ta trong qua
t r i n h thflc hien va giai quye't eae van de
d a n tdc va q u a n h e d a n tdc da d l y Ifli va
n g a n e h a n dfldc nhflng "diem ndng". Tuy
nhien, c h a n g dfldng phia trflde cdn nhieu
khd k h a n va gian khd, q u a n h e d a n tdc dn
dinh, lanh m a n h mdi cd d i i u kidn thuan
ldi de p h a t t r i e n k i n h te' - xa hdi. Vi vay,

xay dflng q u a n h e d a n toe de eung ed' stf
h i e u bid't, t i n tfldng ldn n h a u , t r a n h gay
m a u t h u a n , cang t h a n g d a n d i n nguy cd
x u n g dot, ly k h a i d a n tdc la ta't yd'u. Mau
t h u a n , x u n g dot gifla eac d a n toe ngay
cdng t a n g se trd t h a n h n h a n to' gay ma't on
dinh va l a m a n h hfldng dd'n q u a t r i n h thtfc
hien cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda da't
nflde. Xay dflng q u a n h e d a n toe de cac
d a n toe gia t a n g sfl hieu bie't lan n h a u , hpc
hdi va giup dd lan n h a u t r o n g q u a trinh
p h a t trien. Xay dflng q u a n h e d a n tdc d§
nhflng m a u t h u d n , x u n g dot d a n tdc se
dflde t h a y t h e b l n g sfl d o a n k i t , tdn
trpng, yeu thfldng va t i n tfldng l a n nhau,
cung n h a u hfldng v l m u c t i e u p h a t trien
c h u n g cua qudc gia. Q u a n h e ddn toe dn
dinh, l a n h m a n h t r e n ed sd eua sfl doan
SO 3-2020


DINH THI HOANG PHUONG
kit, yeu thfldng, tdn trpng va hd trd Iln
nhau thi nhflng mau thuln, hiem khieh
gifla cac dan tdc se dflpc giai tda, khdng
din den cang thing, xung dot. Tren nen
tang cua sfl hieu bilt, tin tfldng va tdn
trpng lan nhau cac dan tdc se cd niem tin
phat huy sfle manh npi tai ciia mdi dan
toe, phd'i hdp nhip nhang cflng vdi eac dan

tpc anh em khac cung nhau tiln len. Va
chinh sfl hieu bie't, tin tfldng Iln nhau
gifla cac dan tpc anh em se loai trfl va xda
bd nguy ed chia re, phan ly dan tdc. Sfl
hidu bid't, tin tfldng ldn nhau gifla eae dan
tpc anh em la mdt trong nhflng diiu kien
tien quyet de phat huy sfle manh cua mdi
mpt dan tpc cflng nhfl ea edng ddng dan
tdc Viet Nam, la dpng lfle to ldn giflp Viet
Nam vfldt qua nhflng khd khan, thach
thflc trong qua trinh xay dflng da't nflde
theo hfldng edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda
hien nay.
3. K i t luan
Cdng cude doi mdi do Dang Cdng san
Viet Nam khdi xfldng va lanh dao tfl nam
1986 eho de'n nay da va dang gianh dflpe
nhieu thing ldi ve vang. Nhflng thanh tflu
trong hdn ba mfldi nam qua ra't to ldn va la
ket qua cd dflpc trflde he't va chu ylu nhd
vao sfle manh quan he gifla cac dan toe
Viet Nam anh em. Ngay nay, tilp tue sfl
nghiep mdi eua dd't nfldc, pha'n da'u -vi ddi
sd'ng vat cha't va tinh thin cua 54 dan tdc
anh em ngay eang no du, phdn -vinh va
phat trien. Cac dan tdc Viet Nam phai the
hien va phat huy hdn nfla quan he doan
kit, tdn trpng va giup dd lan nhau bie'n nd
thanh sfle manh vfldt qua mpi khd khan,
thach thfle sdm hoan thanh mue tieu cdng

nghiep hda, hien dai hda dd't nflde. Trong
chang dfldng mdi eua sfl nghidp xay dflng
chu nghia xa hdi, cflng vdi nhiiu biin ddi
cua hoan eanh thfle tiln, tam quan trpng
sd 3-2020

cua viec xay dflng quan he dan tdc trong
dieu kien mdi lai eang dfldc the hien rd net,
anh hfldng to ldn din td'c dp, tiln trinh va
kit qua cua stf nghiep edng nghiep hda,
hien dai hda. Xay dflng quan he dan tpc de
tao cd hdi va dieu kien de cac dan tpc trong
tinh eflng hdp tae, phat trien vl mpi mat,
eflng nhau thflc hien thing ldi sfl nghiep
edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda. Xay dflng
quan he dan tdc de cac dan toe trong tinh
eung ed' sfl hieu biet, tin tfldng, hpc hdi va
giup dd lan nhau, tranh gay mau thuln,
eang thang dan de'n nguy cd xung dot, ly
khai dan tdc, gay can trd qua trinh cdng
nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nfldc.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. C.Mae va Ph.Angghen (1995), Toan
tap, tap 3, Nxb. Chinh tri qud'c gia, Ha Ndi.
2. Phan Hflu Dat (chu bien, 2001), May
van de ly luan va thdc tien cap bach Hen
quan de'n md'i quan he dan tdc hien nay,
Nxb. Chinh tri qud'c gia. Ha Npi.
3. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam (2011),
Cddng Iinh xay ddng da't nifdc trong thdi

ky qua do len chU nghia xa hdi (bdsung va
phat trien nam 2011), Nxb. Chinh tri qud'e
gia, Ha Ndi.
4. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam (2016),
Van kien Dai hdi dai bieu toan qud'c lan
thd XII, Nxb. Chinh tri qud'c gia. Ha Ndi.
5. Phan Van Hung (ehu bien, 2015),
Mot so'van de mdi trong quan he dan tpc
va chinh sach dan tpc d nddc ta hien nay,
Nxb. Chinh tri qud'c gia - Sfl that. Ha Ndi.
6. Dau Tua'n Nam (chu bien, 2010), Van
de dan tpc va quan he dan tdc 6 Viet nam
Men nay, Nxb. Chinh tri qud'c gia, Ha Ndi.
7. TrIn Quang Nhilp (1997), Phat trien
quan he dan tdc d Viet Nam Men nay,
Nxb. van hda dan tdc. Ha Ndi.
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

Q