Tình hình dân nhập cư của thành phố hồ chí minh thời kì 1999 2009

U

w*

— IRl/llyNG DAI HPC SU- PHAM T P H 6 C H ( M I N H

LJr-n TAP CHI KHOA HQC

H O C H I M I N H C I T Y UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE

ISSN;
KHOA H I J C X A HOI V A N H A N VAN
SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
IS59-3100 TSP14,S42(20I7):I!S-197
Vol. 14.No.2(20l7): 189-197
Email: lapchikkoahod^hcnrne.edu.vn: Website'htlp://idch.lKmue.eduvn

VTiNH HINH DAN N H ^ P ClT
CUA THANH P H 6 H 6 CHI MINH THCH KI 1999 - 2009^
Hupnh Phdm DSng Phdt\ Phgm Bd Van Trung\ Nguyin Ngpc Hodng Van'
Ngdy T6a sogn nti$n Ouvc bdi: 07-6-2016: ngdyfOiSn bi$n adnh gid: 30-12-2016. ngdy chip nt}$n OSng. 22-02-2017

TOM T A T
Thdnh pho Hd Chi Minh (TPHCM) Id dfa phuang cd quy md ddn sd ldn nhdt cd nude vd
dang gia tdng mgt cdeh nhanh chdng trong dd, gia tdng ca hge gdp phdn ddng ki. Bai viit tim
hieu vi xu hudng gia tdng ddn so ca hge cda cdc vimg ngi vd ngogi thdnh cUng nhu quy md. tSc dg
tdng ddn nhdp cu, cimg nhOng dgc diim cOa ngudi nhgp cu. Budc ddu tim hiiu cdc yiu td tgo lyc
hat tgi vimg nhgp cu vd nhihig lyc day tgi vimg xudt cu. phdn tich dua ra nguyin nhdn tdc dgng
din ngudi nhgp cu vdo thdnh phd; tic do, di xudt mpt sS tham vdn budc ddu ve diiu tiit, phdn bd

ddn cuphii hgp di cd thi tdn dyng dugc lyc lugng ddn nhgp cu. gdp phdn thUc ddy suphdt triin
kinh ti - xd hgi dfa phuang.
Tie khda: dan sl, nh|p cu, gia tdng dan sl, phan b l dan cir.
ABSTRACT
The immigraUon situation in Ho Chi Minh City from 1999 to 2009
Ho Chi Minh City has the highest population in the countiy and it is increasing rapidly. The
article investigates the mechanical trend of population growth in suburban and urban areas as well
as the scale and speech of immigration growth, alongside with immigrants' characteristics. The
initial research of factors creating attraction forces in the immigration areas and propulsive forces
in the emigrcaion areas shows several reasons that people emigrate to the city; in light of which
some initial counsels for proper regulation and distribution of the population are proposed to
exploit the immigrantforce, contributing to the social-economic growth of the city.
K^fwords: population, immigration, population growth, distribution of population.
1.

B^i vdn d l
Kit qud hai cufc tong dilu tra ddn s l
va nhd d gdn nhdt cho thdy TPHCM Id dia
phuong cd quy md dan s l ldn nhdt ca nude
vd dang cd sy gia tdng nhanh chdng, chia
ylu Id do gia tdng co hpc. Dilu ndy cd the
xem Id tdt ylu vi ddy Id trung tdm kinh t l ,
vdn hda, chinh tri, khoa hoc ki thudt ldn
nhdt nude ta. Dan cu tii cdc viing khdc

nhau cua cd nude di cu din d l hoc t$p, Iao
dfng vd sinh sdng. Vi thi, vdn de gia tdng
ca hoc ndi chung vd ddn nh^p cu noi ridng
Id moi quan tam hang ddu trong chinh sach
phdt trien ddn sd d TPHCM. Bdi vidt budc

ddu tim hilu ve hifn tr^ng va mft so ddc
dilm cua dan nhip cu, tir do dua ra mft sd
gidi phap ve phdn b l ddn cu, sd dyng
nguin lao dfng hpp li.

• Khoa Oia li, Truing Bgi hpc Su- phgm TPHCM; Email:

189


TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tiudng BHSP TPHCM

T0P14, So 2 (2017): 189-197

cong nghifp, tilu thii c6ng nghifp vi dich
2. N$i dung
2.1. Gia lang ddn s6 ctt hge vi tinh hinh vvi ngiy cing ting nhanh, nhu ciiu lao
nh^p cu vio TPHCM
dpng cao, s6 nguM nh^p cu cd xu hudng
2.1.1. Gia tdng ddn sd vd gia Idng ca hoc d ngiy cing nhieu dS gdp p h ^ day m ^
TPHCM
t6c df dd thi hda ciing nhu gia ting dan
TPHCM la diiu tiu cua n4n kinh t6 s6 Thanh pho. Trong 10 nim, dan s6
ddt nu6c vdi t6c dp tang tru6ng kinh t6 Thinh ph6 ting them 2.086.185 ngudi
cao, ddi s6ng nhan dan ngiy cing dugc vdi t6c df ting dSn s6 bf nhifn li 1,27%.
cai thifn, S6 lugng cic co sd xi nghifp
[1]
Bang 1. Bien dgng ddn so o TPHCM thdi M 1999 - 2009
Don vi: Nguoi
1999

2004
2009
5.037.155
6.117.251
7.123.340
Toin thanh pho
DSn sd c^c qu^n
4.124,287
5.140.412
5.841.987
DSn s6 cic huyfn
912.868
976.839
1.281.353
Ngudn: [1], [2], [4]
Bing 1 cho thay tir 1999 den 2009, chi ting thfm 701,575 ngudi trong giai
din s6 Thinh ph6 cd xu hudng ting dd giai dojn 2004 - 2009 so vdi 1,080,096 ngudi
doEui g ^ diy s\T gia ting cd phiin chfm 1^. trong giai doan 1999 - 2004, Trong khi dan
Giai doan 1999 - 2004, din s6 ting thfm
so d cic huyfn 1^ ting 304.514 ngirdi so
1.080.096 ngudi (s6 ngudi nh|ip cu li vdi 63,971 ngudi trong cdng thdi gian.
624,542 ngudi), Giai do?n 2004 - 2009, du 2.1.2. Quy md vd ldc dg Idng ddn nh4p cu
dan s6 c6 ting c h ^ hon giai d o ^ trudc vao TPHCM
Vdi chdc ning li trung tlm kinh tl,
nhung via d miic cao, khoing 1,006,089
vin hda cda ci nude cimg vdi qui trinh
ngudi, gan bing dan s6 cda mft tinh cd
quy mo nhd, Trong khi dd, s6 ngudi nh|ip cdng nghifp hda, hifn d^ hda thdc diy
cu 1^ cao hon giai d o ^ tnrdc, vio khoing kinh tl ting trudng manh ml, Thinh ph6
661,200 ngudi, Nhu v^y, dan s6 Tiiinh phd di hinh thinh cvrc hdt din cu cic dja

chii ylu ting do gia ting co hge vi chu ylu phuong khic den sinh song, lim vifc vi
hge t^p [3], Do do, tie df gia ting eo hge
li do nh^p cu,
cda TPHCM rfa cao; trong dd, s6 ngudi
Dia bin t^p trung din cu cda thinh
ph6 via li cic quin (hay cdn ggi li khu xudt cu td Thinh pho khi thdp (nim 2009,
vvrc nfi thinh), chilm din 82% dan so, cic ti suit xuit CII li 20,896o so vdi ti suit nhfp
huyfn ngo^ thanh chi chilm 18% dan s6, eu li 156,496o) [1], Vi the, khi xem x6t
Tuy ci nfi vi ngoai thinh deu cd s\r gia dinh gii tie df gia ting dan so eo hge eua
ting din so nhung din cu cd chilu hudng Thinh phi can hudng din vifc dinh gii vl
giin diin ra ngo^ thinh. Din so d cic quin dan nhfp cu.
190


TAP CHl KHOA HQC - Tru'dng BHSP TPHCM

Huynh Phim DOng Phdt vd tgk

Bdng 2. Tdc dg gia tdng ddn sd TPHCM thai Id 1999 - 2009
Don vi: %
1999
2009
Binh quin thdi ki 1999-2009
Toe df gia ting din so
3,6
3,2
3,5
Toe df gia ting tvr nhign
1,35
1,03

1,27
Tie df gia ting ca hge
2,25
2,23
2,17
Ngudn: [1], [2], [4]
TIC df gia tdng ty nhidn ndm 2009 cao hon 2% lam cho tie df gia tdng dan sd
cd xu hudng giam so vdi ndm 1999 (giam
ludn tren mdc 3% trong khi gia tdng ty
0,4%), binh qudn cioa thdi ki vdo khodng nhien lgi ed chilu hudng gidm xuong (xem
3,5%/ndm (cao hon thdi ki 1989 - 1999). Bdng 2).
Trong dd, tdc df gia tdng ca hpc lgi tdng
Toe df gja tdng eo hoc cd sy khdc bift
manh so vdi thdi ki trudc. NIU thdi ki 1989 giira cdc don vi hdnh chinh trdn dia hka.
- 1999 toe df gia tdng co hpc chi d miic Khdng xdt den cdc huyfn, chi rieng dia ban
cdc qu|n ciing da cd sy phan hda khi cdc
0,84%/ ndm thi 10 ndm tilp theo tic df
nay dd tdng gdp 2,8 Idn, binh qudn vdo quin mdi thanh l|p ho$c xa trung tdm thu
khodng 2,23 %/ndm [5]. Trong thdi ki hiit dan eu din meinh hon so vdi cdc qu|n
1999 - 2009, tdc df gia tdng co hge ludn tnmg tdm vd qu|n hinh thdnh Idu ddi.
1999 - 2009 cita mgt sd dja phucmg
Bdng 3. Toe dg gia tdng ca hoc thdi ki
Tic df gia tang ctf hpc
binh quan (%/nim)
Toin thinh

2,23

Nhdm quin xa trung tam ho$c thinh l^p sau
Quan2

3,02

Quan 7

5,94

Quan 9

4,73

Quan 12

9,02

Quin Thd Ddc
Quan Tin Binh*

3,94

Huyfn Binh Chinh*

13,29

Qu|n Go Vip

5,84

7,81

Nhdm qu$n trung tam vi hinh thinh lau ddi
Qu|n 1

-3,82

191


TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tru'dng BHSP TPHCM

T^ 14, So 2 (2017): 189-197

Qu^3

-3,25

Qufn4

-2,37

Qufn5

-4,72

Quan 6

-2,23

Qu$n8
QufnlO

0,43
-1,63

Qufnll

-2,34

QufnPhdNhuIn

-2,13

*Ndm 2003, qudn Tdn Binh tdch ra thdnh qugn Tdn Binh vd qugn Tdn Phii, huy
Binh Chdnh tdch ra thdnh qudn Binh Tdn vd huy$n Binh Chdnh.
Ngudn: [5]
Bdng 3 eho thdy, tdt cd cdc quin xa ngudi, chiem 40,3%, qu|n Thii Diic vdi
tnmg tdm vd qu|n thdnh I|p sau ddu cd toe
160.466 ngudi, chilm 47,6% ddn sl cua
df gia tdng co hpc cao hon miic trung binh Qu|n. Ddn nhdp cu t|p trung d cdc qu|n xa
cua todn Thdnh phi. Trong nhdm ndy cung trung tdm, quan mdi thdnh I|p vl ddy
cd sy phdn hda nhat dinh khi huyfn Binh thudng Id noi dien ra qud trinh dd thi bda
Chdnh (ndm 2003 tdch ra thdnh qu|n Binh mgnh, gid nhd d, djch vy phi hpp vdi nhilu
Tan vd huyfn Binh Chdnh) cd tic df tdng tang ldp hon so vdi qu|n trung tam. Thdi
cao nhdt dgt 13,29%/ndm, cao gap 5,8 ldn Id 1999 - 2009 ciing Id luc hg tdng dupe
so vdi miic binh qudn todn Thdnh pho. Do ddu tu, phdt triln cdc khu dd thi nidi nhdm
ddy Id cda ngo phia Tdy cila Thdnh phi
gidn ddn tgi khu vyc trung tdm. Hon nOa,
tilp giap vdi cdc tinh viUig ding bdng sdi^ theo hifn trang va cdc quy hogch, cdc qugn
Ciiu Long va dia ban ndy von t|p trung xa trung tdm la noi tpa lgc cdc dau mli
nhilu nhd mdy, xi nghifp, dl tim vifc, chi gjao thdng van tdi nhu sdn bay Tdn Son

phi song thdp va giao thdng thu|n tifn nen Nhdt, bin xe Miln Ddng, bin xe Miln Tdy,
ddn nh|n lupng ngudi di eu idt ldn. Cac ddy cung Id nhChig dia dilm thu hiit dan
Qu|n 12 (9,02%/ndm), Thii Diic (7,81%) Id nh|p eu tgp trung \\ tifn di Igi vd budn bdn.
ciia ngd phia Ddng ciing cd miic tdng rdt Ngudi nh|p eu thue ho$e mua nhd d cdc
cao.
qu§n ndy van eo thi vdo Idm vifc d nhiJng
qu|n trung tdm dl gidm chi phf sinh hogt.
Trong sd 24 qu|n, huyfn cua todn
Di ddn din Thdnh phi Id mpt hifn
Thdnh phi thi cd 9 qu|n, huyfn t|p trung
hon 30% ngudi nh|p cu din sinh sing. tupng tdt ylu trong qud trinh dd thi hda.
Trong do, nhilu nhdt Id qufn Binh Tan Tuy nhidn, vifc ngudi nh|p cu chii ylu t|p
204.951 ngudi, chilm 51,3% ddn so todn trung vdo cdc qu|n mdi vd qu|n xa trung
qu|n, tilp theo la qu|n Gd Vdp 181.200 tdm ldm cho tic dp gia tdng ddn s6 tdng len
192


TAP CHt KHOA HOC - Tru'dng DHSP TPHCM

Hi^nh Phdm Dang Phdi vd tgk

rdt nhanh, quy md dan sl ngdy cdng ldn chi chiem 13,3%. [I], [4].
trong khi da phdn cdc dja phuong nay diu
b) Ca cdu gidi tinh
cdn cd nhieu hgn che ve co sd hg tang ciing
Hifn nay, nhdp cu vdo Thdnh phi cd
da tgo ra nhieu bdt cgp trong vifc ddu tu ti trpng nil gidi cao hon nam gidi. Chi tinh
phdt triln dd thi, xdy dyng co sd ha tdng ridng ba viing cd sl lupng ngudi di cu Idn
vgt chdt kl thugt vd xd hfi ciing nhu quan li din TPHCM (ddng bdng sdng Hing, Bdc
dd thi tgi cdc dia bdn nay trong qud trinh do Trung Bf, dong bdng sdng Cihi Long) thi

thi boa Idm tdng them dp lyc vdi nhihig vdn nii chilm den 71,8% vd nam chi chilm
de vdn dd nan gidi ciia thdnh phd nhu d 28,2%. Dieu ndy la do trong qud trinh
nhiem mdi trudng, tdc nghSn giao thdng, chuyen ddi kinh tl, Thdnh phd phdt triln
nhd d, te ngn xd hfi, vdn dl vifc lam.
mgnh cdc nhom nganh dich vy vd nhdng
Ngupc lgi xu hudng tren, eac qudn ngdnh cdng nghifp nhe phii hpp vdi n&
trung tam Thanh phi lgi c6 miic gia tdng gidi hon nam gidi. Ddng kl nhdt van la tgi
CO hpe dm do ddn sl chuyin di nhilu hon cac khu cdng nghifp, khu chl xudt vdi cdc
dan sl chuyen den. Nguyen nhdn ddn nh|p ngdnh gidy da, may m^, chl biln thiiy hdi
cu it chuyin din nhihig qu|n npi thdnh do sdn dd thu hiit Idn so lupng nii nhgp cu vdo
chi ptii ve nha d, cdc dich vy phyc vy sinh
Thanh phd. Tren dia bdn Thanh phd, vdo
hogt ddt do. Ben canh dd, khu vyc trung ndm 2009, cd 37.165 doanh nghifp vdi
tdm duprc uu tidn phat triln vdn phdng, try
892.960 eong nhdn dang ldm vifc vd da
sd lam vifc vd nhiing cdng trinh cdng cfng phdn Id lao dpng nQ. [5]
cua Thanh phd, nen mft sl lupng Idn ddn
c) DQ tudi, tinh trgng hdn nhdn cda
cu dd dupe di ddi nhdm Idm gidm mgt dp, nguai nhgp cu
gidn ddn.
Da sl ngirdi nhgp cu vdo TPHCM
2.1.3. Ddc diem cda ngudi nhgp cu vdo ndm trong df tuli lao dfng vdi dp tuli
ngdy cdng trd, gdp phan ldm thay dli co
TPHCM
cau ddn sl theo hudng tre hda, dem Igi
a) Nguon gdc nhdp cu
Kit qua hai cufc Ting dilu tra dan nhihig lpi ich vl tilm ndng lao dfng vd
so vd nhd d ndm 1999 vd 2009 cho thdy nguon nhdn lyc cho Thdnh phi. Ndm 2009,
ngudi nhgp cu TPHCM cd nguon goc tii nhdm td 20 din dudi 35 tuoi chilm gdn
75% dan so nhgp cu. Cy thi, nhdm 20 - 24

mpi miln dat nude. Tgi thdi dilm ndm
1999, ba viing: trung du miln niii phia Bdc, tuli chilm din 39,2%, nhdm 25 - 29 tuli
chilm 22,6% vd nhdm 30 - 34 tuoi chilm
ding bdng sdng Hong vd Bdc Trung Bf
13,1%. [1]
chilm 24,7% ting sl ddn nhgp cu, din
ndm 2009 vimg Bdc Tnmg Bf vd ding
Ngodi ra, ngudi nhdp cu den Thdnh
bang sdng Hong dd chilm din 39,3%, viing phi phan Idn dang trong tinh trgng df c
ding bdng sdng Ciiu Long chilm 29,7%, than vdi 51,4% chua c6 vg. chlng, chi c6
trong khi ngudi din tii viing Ddng Nam Bf 46,2% so ngudi nhgp cu eo gia *nh, so vdi

193


TAP CHi KHOA HOC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM

viing Ddng Nam Bp tW tinh trgng hdn nhdn
ciia ngudi nhap cu dien bidn ngupc lgi khi
51,8% Id ngudi ed gia dinh vd 46,8% Id
ngudi df c than di cu din. S6 lupng nii gidi
cdn dfc thdn chilm 49,8% tong sd nu: vd
dli vdi nam Id 53,7% vdo ndm 2009. [1]
d) Trinh dd hge vdn vd trinh dg chuyen
mdn
Trinh df hpc vdn vd trinh df chuyen
mdn cua lao dpng nhgp cu TPHCM cd sy
suy gidm nhdt dinh, trudc day ngudi nh|p
cu TPHCM dupe chpn lpc ki hon ve dieu
dfng cdng tac, chuyin cdng tdc... de nhgp

hf khau, ngay nay viec nhgp cu dupe tu do
hon, sd ngudi nhieu hon vd it dupe chpn
lpc hon.
Thto thing ke ciia Lidn dodn Lao
dfng TPHCM va Ban Qudn li cac khu che
xudt - khu cdng nghifp thi trdn dia bdn
Thanh pho cd 37.165 doanh nghifp vdi
892.960 cdng nhdn dang ldm vifc; trong dd
c6 250.000 cdng nhdn ldm vifc tgi 940
doanh nghifp trong khu chl xudt, khu cdng
nghifp vd 642.960 cdng nhdn tgi 36.225
doanh nghifp bdn ngoai. Lao dfng trong
cdc khu cdng nghifp cd 70% Id lao dfng
nhgp cu, Iao dfng phd thdng.
Trong so ddn n h ^ cu, cd mpt bp
ph|n la sinh vidn. Nhihig sinh vidn ndy sau
khi tot nghifp dd tim vifc ldm tgi Thanh
phi do nhilu nguydn nhdn: thii nhdt, co hfi
vifc lam ciia lao dfng cd trinh df cao hon;
thii hai, cd nhilu co hpi sd dyng chuydn
mdn hon; thii ba, cufc sdng d do thi
thudng cd siic hiit ddi vdi gidi trd. Ddy
ehinh la bf ph|n nh|p cu thudng xuydn
nhat. Id nguin bl trp chdt lupng cho lyc

194

T^ 14, S6 2 (2017): 189-197

lupng lao dfng ciia Thdnh phi.

2.2. Nguyin nhdn nhgp cu TPHCM
Cd nhilu nguydn nhdn tdc dfng den
ngudi nhdp cu TPHCM d ed noi di vd din.
2.2.1. Cdc yiu td tgo l{cc hut tgi viing nhgp
cu
TPHCM c6 tic df tdng GRDP cao,
td 6,2% ndm 1999 tdng len 12,6% ndm
2009. Kinh tl phdt triln dan den nhu cau
lao dfng gia tdng, la ylu td thu hiit Iao
dfng nh|p cu tii cdc dia phuong khdc.
Thanh phd Id trung tdm cdng nghifp Idn
nhdt cd nude, ndm 2009 tic dp tdng trudng
gid tri sdn xuat cdng nghifp chilm din
22,1% tdng gia tri sdn xudt edi^ nghifp
c6a cd nude [5]. Ngodi ra, ddy cdn Id dia
phuong dan dau cd nude ve so lupng vd
hifu qua kinh tl eiia khu cdng nghifp, khu
che xuat. Cdc khu cdng nghifp, khu chl
xudt diu tdp trung tai cdc qu|n ven, qugn
mdi vd ngogi thdnh Thdnh phi. Nhu edu ve
Iao dpng ciia cdc khu cdng nghifp, khu chl
xuat noi rieng va cdc co sd cdng nghifp,
dich vy ndi chung la rat ldn; vi vgy, dd gdp
phdn day nhanh tie df gia tdng dan sl ca
hpc cda TPHCM trong giai dogn 1999 2009.
Thanh phi cdn Id trung tdm gido dye
dao tgo dung thii hai cd nude sau thu dd Hd
Nfi, vi vgy sl lupmg ngudi din hpe t|p
eiing khd ldn. Sl sinh vien cdc tnrdng eao
ddng vd dgi hpc tdng 4,4 %/ndm trong giai

dogn 1999 - 2009, tir 221.791 sinh vidn
tdng ldn 533.341 sinh vien [5]. Sy da dgng
vl logi hhih ddo tgo dd thu hdt lupng ngudi
din thdnh phd hpe tap ngdy cdng ddng. Sau
khi tit nghifp, mft lupng khd Idn sinh vidn


TAP CHt KHOA HOC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM

tilp tyc d lgi Thdnh phd tim kilm ca hfi,
do vifc Idm d TPHCM rdt phong phii vd da
dgng: cd nhthig nganh ddi hdi chdt xdm
cao, dong thdi cung co nhihig ngdnh nghe
lao dfng phd thdng, khdng can nhilu trinh
df vdn hda, ki thugt.
Ben canh do, TPHCM cd miic tdng
tnrdng kinh tl cao hon tic dp tdng binh
qudn ciia cd nude, dgt 12,6% ndm 2009 (cd
nude 8,5%). Ting GRDP tdng nhanh td
52.754 ti ddng nam 1999 tdng len 135.053
ti ddng ndm 2009, tdng 2,6 ldn so vdi ndm
1999. Tie dp tdng trudng GRDP binh qudn
ddu ngudi ludn eao hon 3 ldn so vdi miic
bmh qudn cOa todn quic. Ndm 1999 dgt
10,08 trifu dIng/ngudi/ndm, din ndm 2009
dgt 18,7 trifu/ngudi/ndm (so vdi todn quoc
Id 3,5 trifu/ngudi vd 6,42 trifu/ngudi/ndm)
[2]. Thu nh|p cao Id ylu tl tao lyc hut rdt
ldn dli vdi ddn nh|p cu td cdc tinh, vi
nguyen nhan ehii yeu ciia di cu den thdnh

phi da phdn Id do myc dich kinh tl.
Ngodi ra, lu|t cu tni quy dinh ve
ddng kf tgm tni, thudng tni ddi vdi cdng
dan Vift Nam tgi cdc do thi lon edn don
gian, dd tao dilu kifn thuan Ipi eho sy tdng
mgnh ddn nhgp cu TPHCM. Trudc ddy, dl
dupe ddng ki hp khau, thdi gian tgm tni tgi
Thdnh phi toi thieu 5 nam, cd vifc lam dn
dinh ldu ddi vd phdi Id chd sd hiiu nhd d
hpp phdp. Trong khi dd, Ludt Cu tni hifn
nay chi ydu edu thdi gian tgm tni hai ndm
dli vdi khu vyc nfi thdnh vd mft ndm dli
vdi ngoai thdnh; khdng rdng buf c vl dilu
kifn cdng vifc; rieng noi d hpp phdp thi
khdng bdt buf c phdi ddng tdn sd hiiu nhd.
Ngodi ra, Thdnh pho cung dd ban hdnh

Huynh Phdm DUng Phdt vd tgk

nhidu chinh sdch uu ddi vl nhd d cho ngudi
thu nhgp thap, nhu ehi thi sl 07/2003/CTUB ngdy 23/4/2003 nhdm ho trg eho ngudi
thu nh§p thdp cd dilu kifn vay vln de tgo
l|p nhd d, xdy dyng cdc khu tdi dinh eu d
cdc qu|n ven vd qugn mdi dl gidn dan tir
nfi thdnh ra. Chinh sdch vl nhd d thdng
thodng, tgo dieu kifn cho ngudi nh|p cu cd
till mua nhd dn dinh cupe song dd Idm gia
tdng sd ngudi nhgp cu TPHCM.
Hifn nay, ddn eu dang chuyin vl cae
qu|n xa trung tdm vd qu$n thanh Igp sau

chii khdng phdi d cdc qugn trung tdm nhu
trudc ddy. Cdc qugn npi thanh eu eiia
Thanh pho gom Quan 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11,
Phli Nhu|n diu gidm sd ddn. Ndm 2009,
mgt dp ddn sd cua cdc qugn nhu Thii Diic,
12, 8, 7 diu tdng idn so vdi ndm 1999, dilu
ndy chdng td ddn cu dang lan tda ra nhOng
viing ngogi thdnh. Da phdn ngudi Iao dpng
nhgp cu song tgp trung d cdc qu|n xa trung
tam vd quan thdnh l|p sau, nhu qu|n Thii
Diic Id 48,9%, Qugn 12 Id 48,8%, qu|n
Tdn Phi 47,7%, qugn Go Vdp Id 41,7%,
Qu|n 7 Id 37,8%, qu|n Tdn Binh 36,8%,
qudn Binh Chdnh 32,5% [1]. Nguydn nhan
Id do gid cd (ddt dai, sinh hogt phf...) ciia
cdc dia bdn ndy tuong dli thdp hon so vdi
cdc qu|n trung tdm; ciing chfnh sdch mdi
vl qudn li dd thi, gidn ddn vl cdc hudng dd
thi ngogi thdnh, gidm dp lyc cho khu vyc
trung tdm ve mpi m|t.
2.2.2. Cdc yiu td tgo luc d^ tgi vung xudt
cu
d viing xudt eu, van dl that nghifp
hay vifc Idm cd thu nhdp thdp, bap bdnh;
viing thudng xuydn chju dnh hudng eiia


TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tardng OHSP TPHCM

thidn tai nhu bao, lu lyt, hgn hdn... la cdc

ylu tl tgo lyc ddy tgi vimg xudt eu. Dilu
kifn sinh hogt d noi xudt cu da phdn eho
thdy miic sing v|it chdt ldn tinh thdn cdn
thdp so vdi TPHCM, nhu: dilu kifn hpc
tgp, vui choi gidi tri, chdm sdc siic khde,
nhd d, giaofliong...[3]
Viing ndng thdn dan sd ddng, thidu
ddt canh tdc, nhilu vimg sdn xudt thudn
ndng ndn thu nhgp vd miic song cua
ngudi ddn con thdp. Cdc do th} tinh le
chua thgt sy phat tridn todn dien, khd
ndng tgo vifc lam da dgng cdn hgn che,
cung vdi tdm If m^c cdm khi tham gia cdc
ngdnh nghl lao dfng gidn don, ldm cdng
nhdn ngay tgi dia phuang sinh sing.cua
bdn thdn ngudi lao dfng. Chinh vi v|y,
ngay cd viing ddng bdng sdng Hong, Bdc
Trung Bf, m$c dd khoang cdeh khd xa
nhung ciing cd ddu hifu di cu din
TPHCM de tim vifc lam. Hay mft phdn
di eu do biln dli khf h|u tdc dfng din
ylu tl kinh tl. Trong trudng hpp ndy, cdc
cd nhdn, hf gia dinh di cu do sinh kl bi
dnh hudng, chdng hgn d ding bdng sdng
Cdu Long chiu tdc dfng cua xam nh|p
m$n, dnh hudng mpt bf ph|n ndng ddn.
Hogt dfng sdn xudt, kinh tl tgi cdc
dia phuang, ddc bift Id cdc tinh c6 kinh tl
khd khdn, cdn chua da dgng, thu nhl^p cd
sy chdnh Ifch khd ldn so vdi TPHCM, dd

ddn tdi sy chuyin cu tii cdc vimg din
Thdnh phi. Miic thu nh|p binh quan mft
thdng ciia Iao dfng khu vyc nhd nude d
Thdnh phi ndm 2009 Id 2.515,2 nghin
ding, cao gdp 1,4 ldn mdc thu nh|p cua lao
dfng ding bdng sdng Hing; 1,5 ldn vimg

196

Tgp 14, sd 2 (2017): 189-197
Bdc Trung Bf vd ding bdng sdng Cihi
Long [2].
2.3. Mpt s6 gidi phdp nhdm tdng tinh
cha dpng dinh hudng ddn nh^p cu d
TPHCM
Di cu din do thi la mft quy lu|t tdt
ylu, TPHCM khdng thi ngdn ch|in ddng
nhgp cu md ndn xdy dyng nhttng co chl,
nhung gidi phdp dl phdn bo, t|n dving nguin
lao dfng nhdp cu mft cdeh hpp If. Muln nhu
vgy, trong thdi gian tdi, Thdnh phi cdn thyc
hifn ding bf cdc gidi phdp sau:
(i) Ddy manh vifc thyc hifn quy hogch
phdt triln kinh tl va phdn bo dan cu tren
quan dilm vimg TPHCM. Trong dd, chii
trpng din vifc ehuyin dich co cau kinh tl,
t|p trung phdt triln cdc ngdnh cdng nghf
cao, chuyin dich cdc ngdnh thdm dyng
nhilu lao dfng vl cac dia phuong ldn cgn.
Khi dd, s3 gidm dupe khd ldn lao dfng

nh|p cu trinh df cdn hgn che.
(ii) Tdng cirdng xdy dyng hf thing gjao
thdng cdng cfng hifn dgi, tifn nghi, vgn
chuyen nhanh chdng, an todn, tgo dieu kifn
thufn lpi trong vifc di chuyin gitta viii^
trung tdm vd ngoai thanh; gitta TPHCM vd
cdc dd th| vftinhdl trdnh vifc ddn nh|n dan
cu tii cdc (^a phucmg ldn c|n phdi nh|p cu
vdo Thdnh phi khdng cdn thilt.
(iii) Phdt triln co sd hg tdng giao thdng
vfn tdi, khu ddn cu, cdc dieh vy cdng cfng
d khu vyc vimg ven; trong dd, chii trpng
ddy nhanh tiln dp di ddi cdc trudng dgi
hpc, bfnh vifn ldn ra cdc huyfn ngogi
thdnh nhdm tilp tyc ndng eao khd ndng
gidn ddn d khu vyc nfi thdnh.
3. Kit lu$n


TAP CHf KHOA HQC - Tm-dng DHSP TPHCM

Ddn sd Id yeu to co bdn trong vifc
phat triln kinh t l - xd hdi, do dd, de tiuic
ddy t i c df tdng trudng kinh te vd dd thi
hda can phdt trien dan sd va phdn bd ddn
eu mft cdeh hpp If. Hai thdch thdc ndi b^t
ciia vifc phdt triln dd thi ben viing d
TPHCM hifn nay Id quy md ddn sd qua
ldn, ngdy cdng tdng nhanh vd tinh trgng
nhgp cu ty phdt vdo Thdnh p h i tilp tyc gia

tdng trong nhihig ndm gan ddy. Dilu ndy
dan den nhihig khd khdn trong vifc qudn li
dan cu ndi rieng vd qudn If kinh te - x3 hfi
ndi chung.
Qua vifc nghien ciiu nhttng ddc dilm

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Hupnh Phdm DUng Phdt vd tgk

CO bdn ve dan nhgp cu tai TPHCM, bdi bdo
tao tien dl cho cdc hudng nghidn cdu tilp
theo trong viec tham vdn nhiing chinh saeh
cy the hon doi vdi qudn Ii, tan dyng nguin
lao dfng eua Thdnh phd ndi ehung vd ddn
nhgp cu noi rieng. Bdn cgnh dd, chting tdi
cung budc ddu de xudt ba nhdm gidi phdp
nhu dd ndu tren nhdm dinh hudng cho vifc
chd dfng dieu tiet ddn nhdp cu din Thdnh
pho de noi ddy thyc sy trd thdnh mft do thi
vdn minh, hifn dgi; bdo dam cdc vdn d l v l
mdi trudng sdng; xdng dang vdi vi tri la
ddu tdu, dpng lyc phdt trien trdn mpi m$t
ciia cd nude.

TAI L i l u THAM K H A O

Ban Chi dgo Ting dilu tra ddn sl va nha d Trung uong (2010), Tdng diiu tra ddn sd vd nhd
d Viit Nam ndm 2009 - Kit qua diiu tra todn bg, Nxb Thong ke.
Cpc Thing kd Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh (2011), Niin gidm thdng ke 2010, Nxb Thing k&.
Nguyin Minh Hda (2005), Vimg do thi chdu A vd Thdnh phd Hd Chi Mmh, Nxb Ting hpp
TPHCM.
Ting CMC Thong ke (2001), Tdng diiu tra ddn sd vd nhd d Viit Nam 1999 - Ket qud diiu tra
todn bg, Nxb Thong ke.
Vifn Nghien cun phat triln Thanh phi Ho Chi Minh (2009), Ddn sS vdi phdt triin kinh ti xd hgi Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, TPHCM.
Ghictia:

^ Bii bfio stt d\mg s6 U§ii tCr hai cu$c T6ng di^u ta dSn s6 v6 nhh is nSm 1999 vi 2009.

197


TIN HOAT BQNG KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE
^

Gidi thirdng vl khoa hpc cdng nghf
1. Ngay 07 thdng 01 ndm 2017, Bf Giao dye vd Ddo tgo dd tl chdc Ll trao Gidi
thudng "Sinh vidn nghidn cdu khoa hpc" nam 2016 tgi Tnrdng Dai hpc Giao thdng Van
tdi, Hd Npi. Trudng Dgi hpc Su phgm TP Hd Chi Minh cd 05 cdng trinh dgt gidi thudng
gdm: 01 giai nhdt cua nhom SV Nguyen Thj Bich Thao, Nguyen Hodng XuSn Huy Khoa Tdm li hge, do PGS TS Hu^'nh Vdn Son hudng dan; 01 giai nhi cua SV VO Trdn
Dinh Duy - Khoa Vgt li, do ThS Hodng Vdn Hung hudng ddn; 02 giai ba cua nhdm SV
Do Dinh Linh Vu, Do Gia Linh - Khoa Ngd vdn, do ThS Le Thj Ngpc Chi hudng dan;
SV Do Thi Hodi, Bui Thf Tam - Khoa Hda hge do ThS Ph^m Dire DOng hudng dan va
01 gidi khuyen khich ciia nhdm SV Ph^m Thi M^ Dung, Cao Thj Hiln Hda, LS Tu
Qu>'nh - Khoa Gido dye Mdm non, do TS Phan Thj Thu Hien hudng dan. Ciing tgi bull
Id, Phong Khoa hpc Cdng nghf vd Mdi tnrdng - Tgp chi Khoa hpc Trudng Dgi hpc Su
phgm TP Ho Chi Minh dupe Bf trudng Bf Giao due vd Ddo tgo tdng Bdng khen vl thanh

tich xudt sdc trong tl chdc hogt dfng nghien eihi khoa hpc ciia sinh vien ndm 2016.
2. Ngdy 11 thdng 12 ndm 2016, Le Ting kit, trao gidi Gidi thudng Nghidn cdu Khoa
hpc Eureka ldn thu XVIII ndm 2016 da dupe td chdc tai Hpi trudng Nhd Vdn hoa Thanh
nien, TP Hd Chi Minh. Trudng Dgi hpc Su phgm TP Hi Chi Minh cd 03 cdng trinh dgt
gidi thudng gdm: 02 gidi ba cua nhdm SV Nguyen Le Bao Hodng, Nguyin Phan Nh^t
Lam, Giang Thien VQ - Khoa Tdm li hge do PGS TS HuJ'nh Vdn Son hudng ddn; SV
Tran Khoa NguySn - Khoa Ngit vdn do ThS NguySn Hihi Nghia hudng dan va 01 gidi
khuyin khich ctia nhdm SV Cao Th} Hiln Hda, Ph^m Thi ^S Dung, LS Tiii Qu^-nh Khoa Giao due Mdm non do TS Phan Thj Thu Hien hudng dan.
^ Nghifm thu dl tdi khoa hpc vd cdng nghf
Td ngdy 24-11-2016 din ngdy 23-12-2016 dd cd 13 de tdi khoa hpc vd cdng nghf
cap Co sd do gidng vidn, cdn bf Trudng Dai hpc Su phgm TPHCM Idm chu nhifm dupe
nghifm thu. Cy thi nhu sau:
TT

1.

2.

198

M9s6

Ten de Ui

CS.2015.19.68

Ddng gdp c^c tigng thdi
kfch thfch cila di$n tii
ISn ph6 phdt x^ s6ng
di^u h6a b | c cao

TS Phan
Ngpc Loan

Thj

CS.2015.19.49

Tfeh h?p n$i dung r^n
tuy^n tri tuf xSt h^i cho
sfnh vi€ii film nhlt Tnrdng D^i hpc Su
pham TP H 6 Chf Minh

ThS Kieu
Thanh Trd

Thi

Chii nhilm

Bon vj

NgSy
nghifm thu

Xif
io;i

IChoa V4t ii

24-ii-20i6

T6t

IChoa
Tamlfhpc

Oi-12-2016

Tot


vio hpc phin TSm If
hpc d^i cuang

3.

CS.2015.19.50

Tiiyc tr^ng r6n luy^n
n g h i ^ vy su ph^m cho
sinh viSn mft so khoa
t^i Tnrimg D^i hpc Su
phgm TP H6 Chi Minh
T6ng hpp vk th9m d6
ho?t tfnh sinh hpc ciia
phiic chit Pt(II) v6i
thiosemicarbazon chiia
hpp phin piperidin
Nghi£n ciiu dieu ch£

zeolite Y ttr cao lanh
Vi^t Nam vh iing dyng
]iaa chit xiic tdc cho
qud trinh nhi^t phSn
nh\ia poly propylene thu
hoi diu nhiSn li$u

TS Nguy§n Thj
Tuf

Khoa
Tim II hpc

01-12-2016

T6t

TS Ducmg B i VQ

Khoa
Hda hpc

03-12-2016

T6t

TS NguySn Thi
True Linh

Khoa

H6a hpc

03-12-2016

Tot

Khoa V$t 11

07-12-2016

T6t

4.

CS.2015.19.23

5.

CS.2015.19.20

6.

CS.2015.19.63

NghiSn cihi th&nh phdn
phi dinh xu trong th^
t ^ X9 hgt nhan

ThS
Lpc

7.

CS.2015.19.39

Nghien curu kha nSng
khSng oxi h6a in vitro
ci>a ciy Nam sim bd
(Boerhavia diffusa L.) d
Cdn Gift - TP H 6 Chf
Minh

ThS Nguyin Thj
Hang

Khoa
Sinh hpc

07-12-2016

Khi

8.

CS.2015.19.82

D £ xuit md hinh qu^n
tri tgi Truimg Dgi hpc
Su phgm TP H i Chf
Minh dieo co che ty chU

TS Phgm Thj Lan
Phupng

Vifn
Nghiin cihi
Giio dye

13-12-2016

Khi

CS.2015.19.42

NghiSn ciiu d ^ tfnh di
cu v i thyc b4o ciia hing
cdu
d
£ch
ding
(Hoplobatrachus
rugulosus (Wiegmann,
1834))

ThS Trin Thj
Phuong Dung

Khoa
Sinh hpc

13-12-2016

Tit

CS.2015.19.54

Tlm hiiu nh$n thtic ciia
nguiri hpc v l da ngdn
ngft (Plurilinguisme) v i
tilp xi^c cic tigfin ngtt
trong v i ngoii nude
(Contacts des langues
internes et extemes)

TS Nguyin Thj
Tuai

Khoa
Tilng Phip

15-12-2016

Tit

9.

10.

Biiii

Minh

199


nhim de xuit hucing
ting dyng theo Didactic^
x3 h$i trong vifc dgy
tilng n6i chung v i tilng
Phip n6i riing

11.

CS.2015.19.21

12.

CS.2015.19.16

13.

CS.2015.19.67

V^n dyng mo hinh
Blended-Learning trong
d^y hpc hpc phin "Tin
hpc ling dyng trong H6a
hpc" thong qua hf th6ng
quin If hpc tip Moodle
Khio sit thii dp ciia

hpc sinh trung hpc ph6
thdng if m§t s6 truimg
tgi Thinh p h i H i Chf
Minh d l i vdi m6n H6a
hpc
Thiit k i mOt s6 thi
nghidm c a hpc diing
cim biin chuyin dpng
d i hS trp qui trinh dgy
hpc c i c chuang "DOng
hpc chit diim" v i "Cdc
djnh lugt bio toin" Vgt
H 10 THPT

ThS Thii
Minh

Hoii

Khoa
Hda hpc

23-12-2016

T6t

ThS Dio Thj
Hoing Hoa

Khoa

Hda hpc

23-12-2016

Tit

ThS L i Hii MJ
Ngin

Khoa V§t If

23-12-2016

Tit

CAC S 6 TAP CHl KHOA HQC S A P Tdl:
T i p 14, S6 3 (2017): Khoa hoc tvnhiSn vi cdng ngh^
TUp 14, S6 4 (2017): Khoa hqc giio due
U p 14, S6 5 (2017): Khoa hqc xS hfi vi nhSn vSn.
San */Sn (lp Tsp chi Khoa hoc r^t mons nWn dlflpc S(f (rao ( A ffidng » j
cOacicdim vl b^n vi (fupc ban dqc thudng xuyin dng tic bii v6, gdp if xiy dgrtg.

200