Phân tích hành vi ứng phó trong điều kiện không chắc chắn về việc làm của nhân viên ngân hàng tại thành phố cần thơ

PHAN TICH H A M VI U^G PHO TRONG DIEU KIEN KHONG CHAC CHAN
VE VIEC LAM CUA NHAN VIEN NGAN HANG TAI THANH PHO CAN THO
Huynh TriroTig Huy
Khoa Kinh ti, Truang Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
Email:
Ho Hoang TVuc Phircmg
Ngdn hdng Thuang mgi cophdn xudt nhdp khdu Viet Nam - Chi nhdnh Cdn Tha
Ngay nhan: 6/5/2016
Ngay nh$n ban siia: 8/6/2016
Ngay duyet dang' 25/4/2017

Tdm tat:
Nghien ciru ndy phdn tich hdnh vi ung phd trong diiu kien khdng chdc chdn vevi$cldm cua 217
nhdn viin dugc khdo sdt tit 23 chi nhdnh ngdn hdng thucmg mgi tgi thdnh phd Cdn Tha. Kit qud
phdn tich chi ra rang nhdn vien nit the hien uu the han so vai ddng nghiep nam ve sd luang nhdn
vien do ddc diim cdng vi$c, nhung hg lgi it the hien du dinh chuyen ddi viec Idm mdi trong dieu
kien khdng chdc chan ve viec lam. Ddng chii y, chi phi ca hdi vd ca hgi phdt trien nhdn luc Id
nhimg yiu to tdc ddng den dg dinh chuyin viec hay khdng Ddi vdi nhdm nhdn vien cd du dinh
chuyin viec ra khdi ngdnh ngdn hdng, cdc yeu td nhu dp luc cdng viec, su cam kit vai ngdn hdng.
vd giai tinh dugc nhdn vien quan tdm nhdt Han nua. mdi quan he xa hdi vd kinh nghiem dia bdn
cd dong gdp tich cue du dmh chuyin viec.
Til khod' hanh vi iing phd, dieu kien khdng chac chan ve viec lam, nhdn vien ngdn hang, thanh
phd Can Tha.
Analysis of the employee's response to the work uncertainty at joint-stock commercial
banks in Can Tho city
Abstract:
In this study, we conducted a survey of 217 officers working at 23 commercial banks in Can
Tho city to understand their perceptions of work uncertainty and responses to job change. The
results show that a dominant number of females engages in the industry, but they are less likely
to express the intent on job change than their male colleagues. Among work uncertainly related
factors, the opportunity costs and career development opportunities are ni-o important factors

influencing whether the bank officers' intent on job change or not. For the surveyed sample of
having an intent on moving out of the bank industiy as a response for work uncertainty, it is
found that factors like fob-related stress, job commitment, and gender are the most vital issues
that employees are most concerned about. Furthermore, social capital and work experience have
positive effects on the job change behavior.
Keywords- Response, work uncertaint)': bank officer: Can Tho city.
1. Giffi thieu

Ifg ciia ^f^g,-, y,g,^ nham dam bao ddi sdng kinh te

Hanh vi img phd ciia nhan vien ndi chung ihudng
dien ra tmdc sy thuc thi vc chinh sach nhdn sy ciia
td chuc. No duac xem nhu la mgt chidn luge sinh
Sd 239 thdng 5/2017

(DiFonzo & Bordia, 1998). R5 rang rang, hanh vi
img phd cua nhan vien xuat phat tu dieu kien khdng
chdc chdn vd \icc lam se tac dgng ddn hieu qua
92

hjlttl ((.J>|)al ||1('n


hoan thdnh cdng vi^c (Nguydn Khdc Hoan, 2010;
Springer, 2011).
Vdi vi tri tmng tam ciia viing, thanh ph6 Cdn Tho
hidn nay cd 25 ngdn hdng thuong mai co phdn vdi
han 130 phdng giao djch va chi nhanh dang ho^t
dgng. Tuong iing vdi he thdng boat ddng ciia cdc
ngdn hdng tren, udc tinh cd khoang hon 2.000 nhan

vien va qudn ly cdp tnmg dang 1dm viec trong liiih
vyc ngdn hdng. Trd lai vdn dd dat ra d trdn, cd the
thdy rdng viec nghien ciiu vd hdnh vi iing phd cua
nhdn vien trong dieu kidn khdng chac chdn ve viec
Idm tai cac ngan hang thuang mai cd phdn tai Thdnh
phd Can Tho cd y nghia khoa hgc Idn thyc tiln.
Muc tieu trgng tdm ciia nghien ciiu nay la: (i) md
ta hanh vi ung phd ciia nhdn vien ngan hang trong
dieu kidn khdng chdc chan ve viec lam; (ii) phdn
tich cdc nhan td anh hudng ddn hdnh vi iing phd
tren; va (iii) chi ra mdt vdi van de lien quan den hdm
y chinh sdeh quan tri nhan sy. Nghien ciiu khdng
nhiing cung cdp nhung ludn cii khoa hgc vd bdng
chiing phan tich cho cac ngdn hdng thuong mai cd
phan dd cd cdi nhin sau sac hon ve van de nhan sy
vd xay dung chinh sach phat trien nhan sy tdt ban;
ma cdn ddng gdp nhiing bang chimg phdn tieh tii dia
ban nghien cim vao ly thuyet ve hanh vi chuyen ddi
viec 1dm Uong dieu ki?n khdng chac chan Uong ITnh
vuc ngdn hang.
2. Cff sd ly thuyet va phirffng phap nghien cuu
2.1. Bieu kien khdng chac chdn ve viec Idm vd
hdnh vi irng phd
Dieu ki?n khdng chac chan la tinh hudng md
khdng the xdc dinh dugc sy kien se dien ra nhu the
nao trong mong lai. Ve gdc dg thi tmdng lao ddng,
Hesselink & Vuuren (1999) cho rdng dieu kien
khdng chac chan ve viec lam dugc md la nhu la mgt
bdi canh trong do nhan vien khdng doan chinh xdc
ve cdng viec ciia hp cd bj thay ddi hay khdng. Neu

nhu nhung thay ddi xdy ra se tac ddng den cdng viec
va thu nhdp ciia ho. Hdnh vi iing phd trong dieu kien
khdng chac chan ve viec 1dm tir lau da khai thac va
md hinh hda vdi nhirng quyet dinh cu the ciia nhan
vien trong mpt sd ITnh vyc. Dien hinh nhu, Mobley
(1977) chi ra rang hanh vi ung phd vdi dieu kien
khdng chdc chan ve viec lam eua mdt ca nhan ndo
do se duac the hien nhu mdt qua trinh ra quyet dinh
chuyin ddi viec lam.
Mdt sd yeu id die hien su khdng chac chan ve viec
lam, bao gdm'
- Cac ^ '^ii td kinh te vT md: Dilu kien kinh tg anh
Sd 139 thdng 5/2017

hudng den vice md rdng hoac thu h?p quy md ciia
nganh ciing nhu cdng ty (DiPrete, 1993; DiPrete &
Nonnemaker, 1997). Cy thd, mgt cdng ty trong mdt
nen kinh te yeu kem thi nhan vien se cd nhidu khd
nang hi sa thdi hoac thay ddi vi tri vide 1dm vd thu
nhdp (Inkson, 1995). Khi dd, nhdn vien cd xu hudng
chap nhan cdng viec hien t?i (Feldman & Leana,
1994).
- Cac yeu td mdi trudng vi md nhu chinh sach
nhan su ciia cdng ty: nhimg nhan vien cd tham nien
Idm viec vd vi tri qudn ly thudng it chiu tdc ddng
tieu cue khi cdng ty cd chinh sach dieu chinh nhan
sy (Soimenfeld & Peiperl, 1988). Ben eanh do, mdi
trudng viec lam Id nhan td cd anh hudng den quyet
dinh ciia cd nhan khi tim viec lam, bao gdm cac yeu
td nhu uy tin ciia td chiic, chinh sach tuyen dung va

phat trien nhdn lye, thu nhdp, vd tdc ddng cua yeu td
quan he xa hgi (Tran Thi Nggc Duyen & Cao Hao
Thi, 2010); hoac cac yeu td khdc gdm dp lyc cdng
vide, nang luc lanh dao, dieu kien lam viec (Phan Thj
Minh Ly, 2011; Le Nguyen Doan Khdi & Nguydn
Thi Ngpc Phuang, 2013). Mac dii, cimg dac diem
cdng viec, nhan vien lam viec tai eac ngan hang tu
nhdn the hien sy khdng chac chan ve viec lam cao
hon so vdi cdc ddng nghiep khac tai ngan hang nha
nude (Shrivastava & Purang, 2009). Hon niia, sy uy
tin va thuang hieu cua ngan hdng ed tde dgng den sy
hdi Idng cua nhdn vien vd hp it nghT den chuyen ddi
viec 1dm (Samuel & cdng sy, 2009).
- Ngoai ra, cac yeu td cd nhan nhu gidi tinh, do
tudi, tinh Uang hdn nhan, sd con Uong gia dinh, kinh
nghiem lam viec, .. cd dnh hudng den hdnh vi img
phd Uong dieu kien khdng chdc chan ve viec lam. Vi
du, nhan vien nir thudng chap nhan dieu kien cdng
vide hien tai hem la tim kiem mpt cdng vide mdi.
Ddng thdi, nhan vien tre tudi thich thu thach vdi mdi
trudng lam viec mdi. Ngugc lai, nhdn vien c6 kmh
nghiem va mdi quan he xa hdi thudng cd ca hgi tdt
han khi tim kiem cdng viec mdi (Kan, 2003, Mantler
& cdng sy, 2005; Getkate, 2009; Wegener, 1991).
2.2. Phuang phdp nghien cdu
2.2.1. Dir lieu khdo sdt
Dua vao sd lieu thdng ke ciia ngan hang nha
nude chi iihanli Can Tho (nam 2015), hien cd 25 ehi
nhanh ngan hdng thuang mai cd phan tai thanh pho
Can Tha va mdi chi nhdnh ngdn hang cd binh quan

18 nhan vien giao dich va tin dung. Day Id nhirng
nhan vien cd mirc do cao ve su khdng chac chdn so
vdi cac vi tri cdng viec khac va cung la ddi tugng

IvinliliyiiiiUrien


Hinh 1: Md hinh nghidu cuu hanh vl ung phd trong dieu kifn khdng chac chan v^ vifc Ikm trong
ngdnh ngan hang
Bi^u kifn Ididng chdc chda
J. M3i trudng vimo
- Chhih sach tdi cdu titc nganh ngan
hdng
- Thi tmdng lao dgng
2. Moi tnt&ng vi mo
- Su phat triln eiia ngan hang
- D|c dilm cdng viec
- Sy cam kit vdi ngan hang
- Chinh sdeh bao hiem
- Thdi h ^ hgp d^ng lao ddng
- Chinh sdeh luong, thu nh^
- Co hdi phat trien nghd nghidp

- Yeu td cd nhdn
- Quan hf xa hdi

i

Hanh vi iing phd
ciia nhdn vien

trong dilu kien
khdng eh4c chan

C^Myen
viec

Khdng*chuyen vi$c

Ilm kidm vi^c
lam mdi trong
ngdnh ngdn hang

Tim ki^m vide
1dm mdi ngodi
ngdnh ngin hang

CSidp nhdn sy s ^
xdp cdng vi?e

Nguon: Nhdm nghien cieu de xuat
khdo sdt trong nghien ciin ndy. Vi vdy, tdng the dugc
xdc dinh tuong ung la 450 (25*18) quan sat. Theo
dd, cd man dugc xac dinh theo cdng ihiic ciia Solvin
(1960)^ tii tdng the la 212 quan sdt myc tidu. Can cii
vdo sd lugng chi nhdnh ngdn hang (25) vd ed mdu
(212), nhdm nghidn eiiu da khdo sdt tii 8-12 nhdn
vidn tai chi nhanh, hoac cdc phdng giao dich. Tuy
nhidn, ehi cd 2 trong sd 25 ngdn hdng (gdm Qudc
td va Bdn Viet) khdng cd dap vien tham gia cugc
khdo sat do khdng the sap xep dugc thdi gian. Do

dd, nhdm nghien cuu khdo sat dugc 224 dap vidn;
nhung cd 07 dap vien cung cap thdng tm khdng ddy
dil, cho nen sd quan sat dugc sii dyng trong phdn
tich Id 217 (chi tilt d Bdng 1).
2.2.2. Phuang phdp phdn tich
Trudc het, cac nhdm nhan td thupe mdi trudng
vT md vd vi md se dugc cu thd hda vdi nhiing ydu
td thudc tinh phdn dnh dac didm ciia tiing nhdn td.
v l ky thuat phdn tich, edc ylu td thugc tinh se dugc
dap vien ddnh gid - till hi?n sy hidn bilt, quan tdm
cua hp - tiieo thang do didm Likert 5 miic do; trong
dd, 1: thd hien sy ddng f d miic rdt tiiip va 5 thi
hi?n sy ddng y d miic rdt cao. Budc 2, ky thudt ddnh
gia kiem dinh do tin cay thang do cua cac ylu td
thugc tinh dugc thyc hien thdng qua he sd Cronbach
Alpha (Santos, 1999). Day la mdt tirong nhiing ky
tiiudt phdn tich thilt ydu dd tidn hanh ky tiiudt phan
tich nhdn td. Cudi ciing, cdc nhdm nhdn td ti-en se
dugc xem nhu cac bidn ddc lap giai fliich cho hdnh
vi ling phd tiong dieu kien khdng chdc chdn vd viec
lam. Mdi quan he ndy dugc mmh hga dudi dang md
So 239 thdng 5/2017

hinh udc lugng nhu sau:
3'(1,0) = / ( X - F ; )
(1)
Trong do,
¥: thd hidn hanh vi iing phd cda nhdn vidn; 1: tim
vide mdi; 0: khdng chuyen viec
Fj: nhdm nhdn td thii k dugc xac dinh tai Budc 3

va dugc tinh bang gia tri tmng binh ciia cdc yen to
thugc tinh.
Ngodi nhiing nhdm nhan td tren, cac ydu td cd
nhdn (X) va mdi quan hd xa hOi (Z.) ky vgng cd dnh
hudng den hdnh vi iing phd neu tren. Vi vay, md
hinh udc lugng (1) dugc phdn tich lgi vdi sy hidn
dien cda cdc yeu td ca nhan vd mdi quan he xa hgi.
Md hinh md rOng duoc minh hoa sau:

Ya,0) = f(^F„X,,Z,)

(2)

Ddi vdi trudng hgp nhiing ddp viSn thd hi^n hanh
vi chuyin vide (gia tri 1 d phuong trinh 1): Gid dinh
rang ddp vidn cd the tim viec mdi ngodi nganh hoac
trong nganh ngdn hang. Hdnh vi tim viec 1dm mdi
nay se dugc phan tich va giai thich dya vao cdc
nhdm nhdn td va cdc yeu td cd nhan, mdi quan he xa
hgi da dugc gidi thieu d phuang trinh (2). Md hinh
udc lugng ddi vdi hanh vi tim viec lam mdi dugc till
hidn nhu sau:

Y'(.m

= f(^F„X„Z,)

(3)

Trong dd:

y-. thd hien hdnh vi tim vide lam mdi; 1: tim viec
ngodi nganh ngdn hang; 0: tim viec trong ngdnh
ngdn hang.

KinlttaJ^haltrJeii


Bang 1: Mo ta mSu Idtao sdt
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
S
9
10
11
12

Ngan h&ng
AChto
Tien Phong
Bong A
DfingNam A
An Binh
Bac A
Hang Hai Viet Nam

Ky Thuong Viet Nam
Kien Long
Quoc Dan
Viet Nam Thinh Vu(?ng
Phat trien Thanh pho Ho
Chi Minh

Quan s jt
11
7
U
6
10
6
11
9
8
8
7

STT
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

22
23

Ngan hdng
Phuang Dong
Quan Dpi
D^i chiing
SaiGdn
Sai G6n-Ha Npi
Sai Gon Thuong Tin
ViftA
Bao Viet
Vigt Nam Thuong Tin
Xuat Nhap Khau VN
Buu Dien Lien Viet
Tdng cdng

Quan sat
11
10
10
10
8
11
11
10
10
11
10
217

11

Nguon: Tdng hgp tit kit qud khdo sdt, 2015.
3. M6 ta Au lidu va cac bien phan tich
3.1. Gidithi^u mdu khdo sdt
Ket qud phdn tich tii 217 nhan vien ngdn hang cd
den hon 60% nhan vidn nii - nhan vien giao dich.
Ben canh dd, nghiep vu tin dung phan Idn do nhan
vien nam phu trdch. Ve do tudi, gan 60% nhan vien
tiong do tudi tir 22-30. Dang chu y, hdu bet nhdn
vien dugc khdo sat dat trinh do chuyen mdn tir cao
dang, dgi hpc trd len vd cd hon 5 nam kinh nghiem;
chi cd 10% da 1dm vi?c tren 10 nam. Thu nhap bmh
quan tir 7 - 8 trieu VND/thang vd ddy la ngudn thu
nhdp chinh (chiem 91% tdng thu nhdp) cua nhdn
vien dugc khdo sdt.
Qua phan tieh, 4 Uong sd 10 dap vien cd ngudi
than dang lam viec trong ngdnh ngdn hang. Cu the la,
hp cho rang cd den 2-3 ngucri thdn cd the gidi thieu
hoac tim vide 1dm mdi neu nhu hp cd nhu cdu chuyen
ddi viec lam. Trong khi dd, mdi quan he giira nhan
vien va ngudi qudn ly the hien d mirc binh thudng
(chiem 92%j), miic dp thdn thiet (chi chiem 8%).
3.2. Kiim djnh dg tin cdy thang do vd phdn tich
nhdn td

cdy cua thang do ddi vdi cac bien quan sat. Kdt qud
la, cd 12 trong 44 bien quan sdt bi loai ra khdi md
hinh phdn tich nhan td.

Vdi 32 bien quan sat dugc lya chgn d budc kiem
dinh do tin cay cua 09 nhdm nhan td the hien sy
khdng chdc chan ve viec lam ciia nhan vidn duge
dua vdo phdn tich nhdn td khdm phd, sau khi phan
tich bdng phuang phap xoay nhan td tir 9 thdnh phan
nguyen gdc hinh thanh 9 nhan td mdi vdi 30 bien
quan sat tir 32 quan sat dugc chpn phdn tich. Cac he
sd tai nhdn td (trpng sd nhdn td) deu Idn han > 0,55
vd dat yeu cau tai he sd Eigenvalue = 1,019. Phuong
sai trich bdng 75,287% (> 50%) cho thdy 75,3% su
bien thien ciia dii lieu dugc gidi thich bdi 9 nhdn td
Uong md hinh. Han niia, muc y nghia ciia kiem dinh
Bartlett = 0,000 (< 0,05) va he sd KMO = 0,742 (0,5
< KMO < 1), cho nen cd du co sd de ket ludn rang
phdn tich nhan td la phii hgp va cac bien quan sat rut
ra la chap nhan dugc. Cu the la, 09 nhom nhan td the
hien cac dac diem nhu sau:
- Nhan td tdi cdu true ngdnh ngdn hdng (FI), gdm
3 bien.
- Nhdn Id ca hgi viec lam (F2), gdm 4 bien.

Theo md hinh nghien cim d Hinh 1, dieu kien
- Nhan td chi phi lim viec Idm mdi (F3}. gdm 2
khdng chac chan ve viec lam ddi vdi nhan vien
ngan hang dugc the hien vd do ludng thdng qua 9 bien.
nhdm nhdn td bao hdm 44 yeu td thudc tinh (bien
- Nhdn td su phdt triin cua ngdn hdng (F4), gdm
quan sat). Thdng thudng, nhiing bien quan sat cd 3 bien,
he sd tuang quan bien tdng nhd hem 0,3 vd he sd
- Nhdn td ddc diem cdng viec (F5), gdm 5 bidn.

Cronbach's Alpha nhd han 0,5 se bi loai bd ra md
- Nhan td cam kit vai ngdn hdng (F6), gdm 3 bien,
hinh phan tieh nhan td. Chinh vi the, ca sd de xera
- Nhan td chinh sach bdo hiim (F7), gdm 2 bidn.
xet loai bd cac bien quan sat trong md hinh nay do
la he sd lirong quan bien tdng vdi mirc 0.35 va he so
- Nhan td thuc hien hap dong lao ddng (F8), gdm
Cronb.i-: i "s Alpha tir 0.5 trd len nhSm dap img dd tin 2 bien.
5,

i
kiiililcJ'liiillm


- Nhm t& phdt triin nhdn Igc (F9), gdm 6 bien.
Trong do, nhdm nhan td thii nhdt (Fl) thd hi?n su
nhan thiic ciia nhan vien vd tiiuc ti-ang sdp nhdp va
tai cdu tiiic cua ngdnh ngan hdng. Dieu nay cd dnh
hudng hay khdng din hdnh vi irng phd vl du dinh
tiiay ddi viec 1dm. Trong khi dd, nhdm nhan td thii
2 (F2) the hien cdc ylu td hen quan ddn thi tiixdng
lao dgng nhu ca hdi tim viec lamtironghoac ngoai
nganh ngdn hdng. Sy nhdn thiic ve cdc yen td thi
mrdng lao ddng cd tdc ddng hanh vi img phd cua
nhdn vien. Nhdm nhdn td tiiii 3 (F3) phdn dnh chi
phi tim viec Idm mdi dugc xem nhu rdo cdn ddi vdi
hdnh vi iing phd trong dilu kien khdng chdc chan ve
vi?c lam. Nhdm nhan td thii 4 (F4) the hien hinh anh
(thuong hieu, uy tin) cua ngan hang. Dieu ndy ddng

vai trd quan trpng lam giam su khdng chac chan ve
vide 1dm cua nhdn vien. Nhdm nhdn td thu 5 (F5)
phan anh nhiing dde dilm cdng vide nhu dp lye cdng
viec, tra cdng tuong xiing... Chung cd dnh hudng
ddn hanh vi iing phd cua nhdn vien. Nhdm nhdn td
thir 6 (F6) lien quan den sy cam kit giiia nhdn vien
vd ngdn hdng, nd dugc xem nhu yen td rdo can anh
hudng ddn dy dinh thay ddi viec 1dm cua nhan vien.
Cac nhdm nhdn td cdn l^i (F7, F8 va F9) thi hien
vai trd cua chinh sdeh nhdn sy va phiic lgi ciia ngan
hdng ddi vdi nhan vien; chiing cd y nghia thiet thyc
khdng nhiing phdn anh dieu kien khdng chac chan
ve viec lam, ma cdn anh hudng den dy dinh thay ddi
viec lam ciia nhdn vien.
4. Phan tich hanh vi irng pho trong dieu kien
khdng chdc chan

4.L Mo td hdnh nmigphd vd cdc Ope £^cd

nhan

Kdt qud phan tich dugc md ta d hinh 2 cho thdy
ty Id nhdn vien ngdn hang cd xu hudng chap nhan sy
phan cdng vi^c 1dm tai ngan hang hon la chii dgng
tim viec lam mdi. Dang luu y, trong sd 125 (hay
57,6%) nhan vien chdp nh^n sy sdp xdp cdng viec
cd ddn 76% Id nhdn vidn nu. Hon niia, nhdm nhan
vien thi hidn hdnh vi iing phd: "chu dgng lim viec
Idm mai ngodi ngdnh ngdn hdng" cd den 83%i la
nhan vien nam. Hi?n tugng nay cho thdy rdng nhan

vien nii thd hidn hanh vi iing phd ydu thd han so vdi
trudng hgp ciia nhdn vien nam, dieu nay co the dugc
giai thich gdn lidn vdi mdi quan he xa hdi.
Ben c^nh dd, trong sd 125 nhdn vien khdng cd
dy dinh chuyin ddi viec lam, gdn 60% tren 30 tudi,
trong khi dd ty ie nhan vien trong nhdm nay dudi 30
moi khodng 45%i. Ddi vdi nhdm quan sat du dinh
chuydn ddi vide Idm, cd ddn 74%i - 82%i nhdn vien
dudi 30 tudi. Dilu ndy chi ra rdng nhdn vien tre cd
du dinh chuyen ddi vide 1dm nhieu hon so vdi cdc
dong nghidp Idn tudi, do ca hgi tim kiem viec lam
thudn lgi hon lien quan den yen td dg mdi nhu rang
budc gia dmh, kl ca ngoai hinh. Tuy nhien, xem xet
vl sd nam kinh nghiem, nhdn vien lam viec tren 5
nam the hidn dy dinh khdng chuyen vide (chiem
60%)), gap 1,5 lan so vdi nhiing ddng nghiep cd it
kinh nghiem hon.
4.2. Phdn tich cdc nhdn td dnh hu&ng din hdnh
vi ung phd
Ket qua udc lucmg ddi vdi phuang trinh (1) lien
quan den hanh vi iing phd ciia nhdn vien: chuyen

Hinh 2: Mo td hanh vi ung pho trong dieu ki^n khdng chdc chdn vile lam

Chap nhan sap xep cdng viec,
(57,6%)

Nguon: Kel qua khdo .sal 217 nhdn vien ngdn hdng tgi Thdnh pho Cdn Tha. 2015

So 239 thdng 5/2017

kiiihliU'iialt


vi$c hoac khong chuydn vi?c trong d i l u kien khdng

vi ling phd vide lam ciia h g , m a c dii h u d n g (dau k j

chac chdn vifc lam d u g c gidi thich bdi 9 n h d m nhan

vong) tdc d g n g phii h g p .

td thu d u g c qua k i t qua phdn tich nhdn td. Miic y

Md hinh u d c lugng vd hanh vi iing phd - d y dinh

nghia thdng k e ciia m d hinh phan tich d u g c chdp

chuyen vice lam cung nganh hoac ngodi ngdnh ngan

nhan d mite 10%. C y till la, chi cd 02 trong so 9

h a n g - d u g c gidi thieu d p h u o n g h i n h (3) vd kdt qud

nhdm nhan td thd hien tdc ddng den hanh vi iing

u d c lugng d u g c trinh bdy d cot thti 3 ciia Bang 3 .

phd vdi mure y nghia thdng ke 5%i, gdm nhdn td ve

Khdc vdi ket qud phan tich d p h u a n g trinh (2), hai

chi phi c a hpi chuyen viec vd nhdn td vd co hgi phdt

n h d m nhan td: dac diem (hay dp lyc) cdng vi^c vd

trien nhdn lyc tai ngan hdng. Ndu chi phi c o hgi ddi

s y c a m ket vdi ngdn hdng hien tai cd tac ddng quan

vdi viec tim kidm viec lam mdi cao hon so vdi tiep

trpng vd cd y nghia thdng ke ddn hanh vi c h u y i n ddi

tuc viec 1dm hien t^i thi nhdn vien ngan hang sdn

viec lam (tim viSc lam ngodi ngdnh ngdn hang) ciia

sang chuyen ddi viec lam. Trong khi do, neu n h u hg

nhan vien ngdn hang. Thuc te cho thay rang chinh

cd CO hgi phdt trien n g h i nghidp tai ngan hang dang

vi dp lyc "chay" doanh sd huy ddng, hodc cho vay,

Idm viec thi kha nang chuyen viec lam d u d n g n h u

hoac phdt hdnh the cdc loai, md da sd nhdn vien ngan

khdng xdy ra.

hang phdi chu ddng xin nghi viec vd tim cdng viec

T u a n g tu, ket qua u d c lugng t d p h u o n g trinh (2)

khac. Ben canh dd, nhiing nhdn vien ed sy cam ket

chi ra rdng trudc het cd su gia tang v l dp tin cay (tir

vdi ngdn hang lien quan den chi phi ddo tao, hoac

90 len 95%) vd hd sd t u o n g quan (tii 5,4 Idn 10,6%)

vay tin chap,... dudng rdiu khdng the hien d y tinh

ciia md hinh vdi su hien dien cua cac yeu td cd nhdn

chuyen viec lam mdi. Bdi vi, trong qud trinh lam

vd quan he xd hdi trong phan tich. Su tac ddng cua

viec tai ngan hang, nhdn vien d u g c tham gia cdc

cdc nhdm nhan td vd sy khdng chac chdn hau nhu

khda ddo tao nghiep vu hoac qudn ly cap t m n g vdi

khdng thay ddi; trong sd cac yeu td bd sung, yeu td

chi phi kha cao, Ddy chinh Id yeu td can tid d y dinh

ve mdi quan he xa hdi - sd ngudi cd khd ndng gidi

chuyen viec ciia nhan vien.

thieu viec lam - the hien dnh h u d n g tich eye vd cd

Khi xem xet cac yeu td ca nhdn vd quan h? xd hpi
den hdnh vi iing phd chuyen vide lam cua nhan vien,
ket qud chi ra rang nhirng nhan vien nii the hien du
dinh chuyen viec Idm khac han so vdi nhiing ddng
nghiep nam. Khao sat cho thay rang cac yeu td ve

y nghia thdng ke den hanh vi d y dinh tim kiem viec
lam mdi ciia nhan vien ngan hang. Trong khi do,
cdc yeu td dac diem ca nhdn ciia nhdn vien khdng
the hien su tdc ddng cd y nghia thdng ke den hanh

Bang 2: K i t qua udc lugng hanh vi iing phd viec lam trong dieu kien khdng chac chan
P h u o n g trinh 1
Phirong trinh 2
Phutmg trinh 3
Bien phu thuoc
(n-217)
(n = 217)
(Hdnh VI ung phd)
(•i'92)
-0,001 (0,19)
0,033 (0,40)

Tai cau tnic ngan hang ( F l )
0,016 (0,18)
0,021 (0,21)
-0,185 (0,42)
0,157 (0,20)
Co hoi viec lam {F2)
0,559"" (0,21)
-0,212 (0,39)
0,552'"(0,19)
Chi phi CO hoi tim viec moi {F3)
-0,328 (0,24)
-0,564 (0,39)
-0,309 (0,22)
Sir phat trien cua ngan hang (F4)
-0,301 (0,23)
1,139" (0,48)
-0,251(0,21)
Dac diem cong viec (F5)
0,218(0,21)
-1,034" (0,42)
0,219(0,20)
Sir cam ket vcri ngan hang {F6)
0,148(0,21)
-0,329 (0,41)
0,114(0,19)
Chinh sach bao hiem (F7)
-0,007 (0,17)
0,266 (0,34)
0,005 (0,16)
Thuc hien hop dong (F8)

-0,726"' (0,28)
-0,024 (0,46)
-0,535" (0,26)
Sir phat trien nghe nghiep (F9)
0,001
(0,09)
-0,103(0,18)
Tuoi
-0,452 (0,34)
-1,285'(0,74)
Giai tinh {1: nam; 0. nu)
-0,937 (0,34)
0,922 (0,62)
Hon nhan {1 ket hon; 0'doc than)
-0,087 (0,10)
0,204 (0,20)
So nam kinh nghiem
0,109 (0,08)
-0,011(0,15)
Thu nhiip (tneu dong/lhang)
0,155"'(0,04)
0,029 (0,09)
Quan he xa hoi
0,410 (0,31)
1,352"(0.57)
Ho khdu (1; C k Tho, 0: tinh khac)
0,281
(2.75)
5,070 (5,44)
He s6 chan_

-0,008 (1.45)
Ghi cbii- cac so trong ddu ngodc dan Id gid tri sat sd chudn
: the hien mircy nghua thong ke tirong img 1'Vo. 5% vd 10%
Nguon Ki}l r7"a uc/c lucrtig Iir so lieu khdo sdt 217 nhdn vien ngdn hdng tai Thdnii pho Cdn Tho. 20/5
Sd 239 thing

5/2017

97


gia dmh vd dp lyc cdng viec dugc xem la ddng ca
thiic ddy nhan vien nu thich tim vide lam ngodi nganh
ngdn hdng hem. Ben canh dd, nhiing nhdn vien sinh
sdng tgi Cdn Tho tii nhd ddn hien tai the lii?n dy dinh
tim viec lam ngodi ngdnh ngdn hdng ciio ban so vdi
nhiing ddng nghiep chi tam tni trong khodng thdi
gian 1dm viec tai Cdn Tho. Ket qud phan tich nay cd
thi dugc gidi thich bdi mdi quan he xa hpi cua bdn
than nhan vien ciing nhu ngudi than gia dmh; ddng
thdi, ylu td kinh nghiem lam viec va am hieu dia bdn
ho^it dgng kmh te dugc tich luy cua nhan vien. Dieu
nay da gdp phan giup cho nhung nhan vidn cu tni
Idu ndm tai Cdn Tho se cd nhidu co hdi nghi nghiep
ban. Trong khi dd, cdc yeu td ca nhdn khdc nhu tudi,
hdn nhdn, kmh nghiem, vd thu nhap khdng thi hien
tac dgng y nghTa den hdnh vi iing phd cua nhan vien.
5. Kdt ludn va ham y chi'nh sdeh
Ket qua phan tich chi ra mdt sd didm quan trpng:
thu nhdt, ket qud kiem dinh do tin cay ciia thang do

cac nhdm nhdn td ve dieu kidn khdng chac chan vide
lam da diic ket dugc 09 nhdm nhdn td vdi 30 bien
quan sat (yeu td thudc tinh), khang dinh su phii hgp
vdi md hinh nghien ciiu de xuat. Thd hai, trong dieu
ki?n khdng chdc chan, cd gdn 60% nhan vien the
hi?n su chdp nhan viec lam hien tai; dac biet Id nhan
vien nQ. Hon niia, dp luc cdng viec va co hgi phdt
Uien nghe nghiep la yeu td quan trgng tac ddng din
hanh vi ling phd, chuyen viec ciia nhan vien. Thicba,
ddi vdi nhdm nhan vien cd du dinh chuyen viec lam,
nhdn vien nCr cd xu hudng tim kiem viec Idm khac
ngoai nganh ngan hdng do yeu td gia dinh hoac ap
luc cdng viec. Cudi ciing, quan he xa hdi hoac kinh
nghiem ve dia ban nai lam viec ciing cd ddng gdp
tich cue den hdnh vi chuyen viec lam ciia nhdn vien
ngan hang. Xuat phat tir nhiing kit qud phdn tich neu
Uen, mdt sd ggi y chinh sach nham gdp phan ndng
cao hieu qua cdng tac quan trj nhdn sy tai cac ngan
hang thuong mai cd phan, cu thd la:

gid hodn thanh he tiidng cac chi tidu ciia nhan vien
nen cd sy chu y den khd nang hoac nang lyc ciia
tung nhdm nhan vidn. Bdi vi, kdt qud phdn tich chi
ra rdng dp lyc cdng viec (nhu "chay doanh sd") lam
mgt trong nhiing ydu td dgng co tac dgng manh den
hanh vi tim kiem viec lam mdi.
Thu hai, mac du dp luc cdng vide cao dan ddn
thuc ddy hdnh vi chuyin vi^c ciia nhan vidn, neu
nhu chinh sach phat trien ca hgi nghe nghiep ciia
ngan hang minh bach vd kha thi thi nhan vien ngan

hang vdn tiie Men sy gdn bd vdi cdng viec. Do vay,
chiln luge phat tridn nhan lyc ndi chung hay dao tao
phat triln nhdn lycti-ongvdng 3-5 nam ddi vdi tiing
nhan vidn ndi rieng can quan tdm. Nd dugc xem nhu
cdng cu tao ddng lyc de nhdn vien hodn thdnh tdt
cdng viec.
Thu ba, ngdn hdng tao dpng lyc lam viec va su
gdn bd cua nhdn vien thdng qua cdng cu cam ket,
ddng hdnh ciing ngan hang nhu chinh sdeh tin dung
vdi lai sudt uu ddi vd ddi han 15-20 nam de nhan
vidn cd co hgi ddu m tai san. Ngodi ra, ngdn hdng
tao CO hgi cho nhdn vien tham gia nhiing dy dn hgp
tdc ddu tu giira ngdn hang vd cdc ddi tdc. Bdi vi, khi
nhan vien cd dy dinh chuyen viec thi hg se xem xet
vd tinh todn chi phi co hdi giiia viec lam hien ta\ va
viec lam mdi.

Tdm lai, nhiing ket qud phan tich vd nhiing de
xuat lien quan den cdng tdc qudn tri nhan sy neu trSn
da gdp phan mang lai sy hieu biet tdt ban ve hanh
vi img phd ciia nhdn vien ngdn hang trong dieu kien
khdng chac chan trong nganh ngan hang. Tuy nhien,
nghien ciru chi de cap den cac yeu td vi md vd vi md
cd anh hudng den hanh vi cua nhan vien; trong khi
dd, yeu td quan ly eua qudn ly cap trung (nhu gidm
ddc chi nhdnh hoac giam ddc bg phdn) chua dugc
de cap den vd dat gid thiet rang nang luc va tu duy
quan ly ciia quan ly cap tmng c6 the cd tdc ddng den
hdnh vi chuyen viec ciia nhdn vien; bdi vi cd thdng
Thii nhdt, cdng tac qudnti-jnhdn su dua tren danh diep rang "nhan vien khdng rdi bd cdng ty, hg tii bd

Ghichii:
I 11 = N (1 - N*c2). voi sai s6 ky vpng (e) la 5%

Tai lieu tham khdo
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Human Resource Management, 37(3-4), 295-303
DiPrete, T A. (1993), 'Industrial restructuring and the mobility response of American workers in the \9iiQ>ii\ American
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