Kỹ năng làm việc thúc đẩy phát triển ngành kinh doanh du lịch tại việt nam

QU^N TRI KINH DOflNH

KY NANG LAM VIEC THUC DAY PHAT TRIEN
NGANH KINH DOANH DU LICH TAI VIET NAM
Bui Thi Qu^^h Thd
TnJdng Bgi hpc Ha TTnh
Email:
Ngaynh$n-

09/08/2017

Ngaynh$n lai: 24/08/2017

Ngay duy$tdang:

04/09/2017

^ i S n g qua lUdng khich du hch trong va ngoii nudc trong thdi gian qua d Viit Nam va tai mdt sS
( tinh muc tieu. bai viet danh gii xu htfdng phat trien nganh du Ifch. phan tich ky nang nghe cUa
ngudl lao ddng lien quan din cic linh vtfc kinh doanh du hch. Kit qui phan tich cho thiy thtfc tr^ng
thieu hut cic ky ning nghe hidn nay con tUdng ddi Idn. nhu cau ning cao ky ning nghi cho ngudl lao
ddng cao. TQ cac phan tfch, nghiin ctfu dua ra mdt si ggi j? cho cac ben lien quan ap dijng mi^t sSkf
nang lam vide thOc day phit trien nganh du ljch d Viit Nam.
Ttf khoa: ky nang nghe, kinh doanh du hch, nginh kinh doanh.
1. Gidithi#u
Tren thd gidi, chung ta ed the thay tinh trang
nhidu ngudi lao ddng ed frinh dd eao win that
nghidp, frong khi ddng thdi doanh nghi§p cam
thay rat khd khan dd tuydn c i e v| tri ed tay nghe
cao. Sy chdnh Ideh khi eie ky nang dUdc hgc
ttong hd thdng gido due va dao tao khdng phd hpp

vdl nhu eau thj trudng lao ddng sd d i n den ton
that kinh te ldn cho xa hdi, cQng nhU anh hUdng
xau den ngudi lao ddng, d i e biet ITnh vyc c i n c i c
ky ning iam vide mem nhu nganh du Ijcli. De cung
dap Qng dupe nhu eau th| trudng lao ddng, can
xem xet khdng ehi nhQng ky nang dang cd nhu
eau trong hidn tgi, ma ea nhQng ky nang se ed nhu
cau trong fUdng lai. Theo Nghj quyet 08-NQ/TW,
phit then du hch frd thinh nginh kinh td mui nhon
la dmh hudng chidn lupc quan trpng de phit trien
dat hudc, tgo ddng lyc thdc day sy phit trid'n cQa
cdc nganh, ITnh vuc khae. Bai viet sau d i y trinh
b i y viee i p dung phUdng p h i p Ky nang l i m vide
thQe day thUdng mgi va da dgng hda kinh te
(STED) cho nganh du Ijch Vidt Nam tgi mdt sdtinh
mtjc tieu (nghidn cQu tai tinh Quang Binh 'va thanh
phd Da Nang). Phuong p h i p STED da dupe xay
dyng tren ed sd thQa nhin thye te rang vi§c ngudi
lao ddng ed nhQng ky nang phu hgp l i r i t quan
trong de cie doanh nghidp fioie cac edng ty du
Ijch cd^ the thanh edng trong kinh doanh v i nguge
lai, hieu bidt ve d i e didm kinh doanh eua nginh,
ITnh vye eung rat quan trong de cd the eung cap
cho ngudi lao ddng nhQng ky ning phQ hgp. Ddng
thdi, ky ning i i yeu td quyet dmh giQp ngudi lao
ddng thanh cdng khi tim kiem mdt cdng vide tdt v i
tao thu nhip. Sy san ed cQa ngudi lao ddng lanh

khoa hoc ^
58 thifdngmai

^

nghd gdp phan vao da dgng hda s i n pham, cung
nhu ning eao thu n h i p v i tgo edng i n vide ldm
hi§u qua hdn trong ng'anh kinh doanh du lich. B^l
Viet dua ra mdt sd kidn nghi nang cao ky nang lam
vide cCia ngudi lao ddng de nginh kinh doanh du
Ijch phat trien ben vQng v i tao vide l i m . Cac dien
hinh tdt 6 cap tinh ed the dUpc nhin rijng d tam
qude gia de ed t i c ddng rgng rai hdn ttdn phgm vi
toan qude.
2. T ^ quan vS phat ttien nganh du Ijch V i ^ Nam
TQ khi ttiyc hidn chinh sieh "md eua" vio nam
1986, nginh du l|eh Viit Nam da thu hQt 250.000
ludf khich qudc td trong n i m 1990. Nim 2016, Vl$t
Nam da ddn hdn 10 trieu lupt khach du Ijeh qudcfe,
ting hdn 40 lan trong 26 l i i m qua. Du ijch trong
nudc d Vidt Nam cOng d i phit ttidn manh me v6i
hdn 62 triiu du khich nam 2016 so vdl 1 triiu vSo
n i m 1990 v i tang g i p 5,2 lan so^vdi nim 2001.
Du iich d i ddng gdp dang ke eho nen kmh tS
cua d i t nude. N i m 2016, tong doanh thu du Ijch
dgt hon 400 nghin tJ ddng (khoang 17,7 tJ USD),
chidm 6,8% tdng s i n phi'm trong nUdc (GDP).
Tdng ddng gop cQa du l|eh v i o ITnh vyc vide lam
t o i n qude (gdm ca vide l i m gian tidp) la hdn 6,035
tri§u vide lam, chiem 11,2%. Trong do, sdvidcISm
tmc tidp do nginh du lich tgo ra l i 2,783 tri$u
(chidm 5,2% tong sd vide lim). Dau tti vao linh

vyc du Ijch n i m 2015 dgt 113.497 tJ ddng, chiem
10,4% tdng dau tu ea nUdc...
Du lich la nganh kinh te tdng hdp, khdng chl
mang den doanh thu true tiep tQ c i c ITnh vyc dicn
vu nhu khich san, tour tuyen, didm tham quan ma
cdn tao ngudn thu, gdp phan quan trpng thQe day
su p h i t trien cua c i c nganh nghe lien quan khac

^
Sd 109/2017


QUBN TRI KINH DOflNH
vd d|a b i n v i eanh quan thidn
nhien hap dan, ndn t i e gia
chon hai d|a phUdng tren de
thyc hien dieu tra, khao sat l i m
can cQ eho viie minh chQng sd
lidu eho b i i vidt.
3.2. Phuang p^iap nghien ctfu
Trong nghien eQu niy,
phUdng phap ehinh l i nghidn
cQu dmh finh, thdng qua vide
khao s i t eae dja phuong dUde
, lya chgn. Trong eic phdng van,
bang c i u hdi dugc x i y dyng v i
gQi tdi tQng ngUdi l i linh dgo,
quan IJ, nhin vidn c i c khich
^ ^ U f ^ m g khAch O&n
TSng Iru^ing ^Ang

san, edng ty IQ hinh, cdng ty
v i n tai, nha hang.
Ngudn: http //vietnamtourism.gov. vn
Phdng van duge thue hidn
Bigu do 1 ; 73hg /t/fng khach qudc fe'ddh Vi$t Nam
vdi tQng. ca nhan (100
nam 2007-2016
ngudi/moi d|a phuong) nham
nhu giao thdng, an uong, giai trf. thudng mai v i
dam
bao
tinh
ddc
l
i
p
v i khich quan frong tra Idi
mdt sd d|ch VLI phu trp khae (thdng tin lidn igc.
ngdn hing...). Bdn cgnh dd, du hch cdn l i nganh va trao ddi. Thdng tin d i thu t h i p duge minh hpa
kinh te gdp phin thQe d^y phat trie'n kinh te - x i v i phin ti'ch qua cac bang so sanh. TQ dd ed
hdi cua nhOng vQng, d|a phUdng khdng cd the nhQng danh gia l i m rd van dd va phit hien eac
ydu to i n h hudng cd lien quan ddn eae k j nang
mgnh ve ndng nghidp, edng nghiep nhu Quang
l i m vide cQa lao ddng n^ginh du lieh nham thdc
Binh, Da Nang,...
da'y phat trien nen kinh te.
Tuy nhien, nang iue canh tranh eua nginh du
Ngoai ra, tacgia tien hanh phdng van true tiep
l|ch Viet Nam van ehifa ttidng xQng vdi tiem ning
cQa d i t nudc. Trong bao c i o nang lyc canh tranh va tong hpp J kien tQ cac can bd, giio vidn thudc

eie cd sd d i o tgo va c i n bd Sd Van hda. The thao
nginh du lieh 10 hanh nam 2016, Viet Nam dQng v i Du l|ch tinh Quing Binh v i thanh phd Da Nang
thQ 80 trong 140 quoc gia. Vj fri hay thay ddi dd ddi chidu, so sinh J kidn giQa 3 ben: ben cung
khdng dang ke so vdi nam 2011. NhQng nd'lye dd c i p mdt ^han nhin iyc dau ra l i ngudi lao dgng
phat trien nganh du lich Vidt Nam ehua phat huy
(cae cd sd d i o tgo) - ligudi sQ di^ng lao ddng (cic
toin bd ning luc cua dat nude de thay ddi v| the doanh nghidp kinh doanh du heh) - eie cd quan
canh ttanh so vdi cac nude khie trong khu vye v i
quan ly n h i nudc ve ITnh vUe du hch.
trdn the gidt. C i c van de ed ban cua nginh du lich
Bdn cgnh dd, phUdng phap tdng hpp, phin tich
Vidt Nam ngoii c i e yeu to nhu: ed sd ha t i n g , mdi
dQ Hdu thdng kd eung duge su dyng, t i c g i i d i thu
frudng, ve sinh, an toin thye phi'm, chat lUdng san
t h i p sd lidu tQ ngudn sd lidu thQ c i p . Sd lieu thQ
pha'm va d|eh vu du hch, thieu sy gan ket trong
cdp dupe thdng qua c i c b i o c i o thdng kd dugc
phat ttien IQ h i n h giOa c i c didm du hch... thi chat cac td chQe edng bd trdn website, e i c thdng fin
lugng lao ddng ehua eao, kJ nang nghe nghidp dugc cdng bo ttdn phuong tidn thdng tin dai
cQa phan ddng nhin lue nginh du lich_^edn han
ehiing, b i o cao eua Chfnh phu, c i c dja phUdng.
che da anh hUOng d i n g ke den p h i t trien du Ijch
4. Icua Vidt Nam.
4.1. Khai quit du lich tinh QuSng Binh va
3. Cac d|a phudng dupe lya chpn va phUdng
thanh pho Da Nang
pHip nghien cUu
Vdi ngudn t i i nguydn thien nhidn v i van hda
^.1. Lua chgn dfa phUdng

ndi bit, Quang Binh v i Da Nang dUpe xem l i
O Vidt Nam, nginh du l|ch tinh Quang Binh va nhQng didm den quan frgng tai Vilt Nam, du lich
Da Nang dUdc eoi la ndi tgo ra iudng doanh thu Idn
eung dupe eoi l i nginh cdng nghidp mljl nhon ci!ia
(die biet l i tQ khaeh du l|ch nUdc ngoai), v i tao ra
nhQng tinh, thinh phd nay. Quang Binh ndi tidng
so lugrig Idn cdng an vi^c l i m , nhung van cdn
hap d i n du khaeh vdi mdt hd thdng hang ddng
nhieu vide phal l i m de c i i thiin chat iugng djch VLI
Idn, d i i v i dep nhit Vidt Nam, cQng vdi dja hlnh
do fhieu'lao ddng linh nghe. Day cQng l i hai tinli thuan tidn giap bien, cd h i thong sdng chay trong
cd mau tUOng doi phd bien d Vidt Nam. D i HSng
Idng thinh pho Ddng Hdi. Trong khi dd, D i Nang
dgi didn cho eae thanh phd ldn, Quang Binh dgi
lgi dUdc biet den la die'm "dang sdng" nhat Vidt
didn cho cac tinh dang da phit tnen manh ve du
Nam, hdi ttJ bdi nQi, sdng va bien bao quanh thinh
Ijc'h. Hai tinh, thinh pho n i y ddu cd nhQng lgi the
Lu'g'ng khac qu5c \iS va t i n g tririfng

So 109/2017

du khach dg'n

-jihoa hoc
" ' - ' ^ 1 mai


r.QUflNTR! KINH DOflNH'
phd. Vdi bd bidn dep nhat Viet Nam, B i Nang

cung dugc uu dai bdi quan the thien nhien phong
phu, dupe d i u tU mgnh va ludn dQng dau ea nUdc
vd mdi tnjdng kinh doanh linh mgnh, tao ldp dUdc
hinh anh tdt v i long tin tQ du khieh.
Vdi vide van ehuyen bang dudng khdng, dUdng
bg, dudng bien, Quang Binh v i D i Nang fhu hut
hing tneu du khich mw n i m ea trong v i ngoii
nude, l^ng trudng khach du hch Binh quin cua
Quang Binh va D i Nang trong giai doan 2011 2015 l i 37.2% Vi 20,1%. Nam 2015, Qliing Binh
cd 2.935.000 du khaeh frong nude va 65.000 du
khich qudc td ddn tham quan. Nam 2016, do anh
hudng bdi sy ed mdi tnidng bien mien tmng, nen
sd lugng du khich trong nudc giam 29,35%, du
khich qude te giam 4,4% so vdi nam 2015; iam
eho tdng doanh thu nam 2016 chi dat 16.082,8 fy
"
ddng, giam 30% so vdi n i m 2015 v i giam 46% so
vdl ke hoach n i m 2016. Nam 2016, lUdng du
khich qudc te den D i Nang la 1.670.000 ngudl,
chiem 16% lugng du khich qude td ddn Viet Nam,
khich du lich ndi dja cung dat mQe eao 3.860,000
ttong tdng sd 62.000.000 ngudi trong ea nudc.
Tdng thu tQ du hch dat khoang 16.000 ty ddng.
tang 24,7% so vdl n i m 2015. Tang trudng lupng
du khieh den eic tinh. thinh phd n i y deu
tang da cung ed v| the cQa c i c tinh nhu la " *
ttung tam van hda, xa hdi va kinh te, frung
"*
f i m trung ehuydn khieii du lich, vdi giao " *
thdng thuan tidn va cae dilm tham quan du

^
Ijeh nd'i tieng.
^^^

mdt eich cd hidu qua trong mdt thdi gian thich
hpp, vdi cac dieu kien nhat djnh, dya vao sytlch
hpp nhuan nhuyCn cac kien thQe, ky ning, thii dd.
Thdng fhudng trong nginh du l|eh ngudi lao
ddng thudng phai ed cae ky nang nhit dmh, ed thd
l i : ky ning giao tiep, sin_g tao, edng ngtid.Jim vide
nhdm, glai quydt van de, ky ning tim tiieu, nhin
thQe ban thin, cham sdc khich hing, phit frien ei
nhan, ky nang quan IJ hay ky ning vd ngoai ngO,...
TQy thudc v i o vj tri cdng vide de ngudi lao ddng ein
phai ed nhQng ky nang gi de' phat huy thd mgnh ban
than. VI du d Vj tri quanj^, ky ning quan t j doanh
nghidp, ky ning giai quyet van de, ky ning tim hidu
- thu thip ttidng tin hay sang tgo la quan trpng.
Trong khi dd, d c i c v| tti khae nhu le'tan, hudng din
vien du Ijch, nhan vidn thi trudng thi eae ky ning
giao tidp, ngoai ngQ, l i m viec nhdm, cham sdc
khich hing Igi dugc uu tidn hdn.
JhUc trang ve nghe nghiip va ky nang nghe
0 itnh vue iuu tru, edng vide chinh l i budng
phdng, Id'tin, an ninh v i quan ly. Khao sat doanh
nghidp dUpc thUc hien cho nghidn eQu nay. Ydu
cau cdng vide chu ydu d Quang Binh va Da Nang
ehu ydu l i nhin vidn budng phdng, le'tan v i nhin
vien an ninh khieh san.

« I •^

4.2. Nghe nghigp va ky nana nahe tai
,„
tinh Quang Binh va thanh phoBa Nang
,„
Theo tQ dien Oxfort, "ky nang" la kha u,^
nang de lam tot mdt cdng vide nao dd
;«
thQdng ed dupe qua d i o tao hoic kinh
«
nghidm. Theo dd, ky nang dupe hidu l i sU
thinh thgo, tinh ttidng ve eic ttiao t i c , dpng
t i e trong g u i trinh hoin thanh mdt cdng
vide eu the' nao dd. Theo TQ dien Giio due
Ngudn-/fdng hdp tac gia ttf khao dt cac doanh nghidp, 2016
hgc, ky nang dugc phin ehia ttiinh 2 bde:
Bieu do 2 ; Vide lam trong kinh doanh luu trii
Ky ning bae thap (bic 1) v i Ky nang bac
d Quang Binh vi Da Nang
cao (bic 11). Ky ning bae thip l i kha niiig
thye hidn ddng hanh ddng, phQ hop vdi nhQng
Bdn eanh djch vu kinh doanh luu trQ, lao ddng
mijc tieu va dieu kien eu the 0 b i c h i y cd nhQng
tham
gia
ITnh vye n h i hang cung fUdng ddi pho
ky nang hinh thinh khdng can qua luyen t i p . neu
bidt t i n dung hieu biet v i ky ning fudiig tLf da cd bien. ty Id cao nhat cho ITnh vye n i y la nhan vidn
phuc vy ban. chiem khoang tQ 48% - 60% d hai

de chuyen sang eae hanh ddng mdi. Ky nang b i c
eao l i kha nang thUc hidn hinh ddng, hogt ddiig dja ban myc tieu, ddi ngu nhin vidn n i y thudi^
khdng duge quan f i h i den viee dap Qng eac kien
mdt each thanh thao linh hoat, sang tao phu lidp
vdi nhOng muc tieu ttong nhQng dieu kien khic thQe hay ky ning khi tuydn chgn v i cung khdng
nhau. De dat tdi ky ning n i y can trai qua giai dupc quan f i m d i o tao nhieu; tiep dd la nhin vidn
dogn luydn t i p cac ky ning ddn gian, sao cho mdi dau bep va bdp trudng, chiem tQ 12% - 1 8 % , d^i
khi hanh ddng. ngudi fa khdng cdn b i n tam nhieu
ngu n i y thudng tuyen chon tuong ddi ky, ddi hoi
den thao t i e nQa vi nhieu thao tac d i tu ddng hda. phal cd tay nghe tUdng ddi cao.
Hiu het cac cdng ty IQ hinh cung cip djeh vi^
Ky ning nghe nghidpdude hieu la kha nang v i n ehuyen cho khaeh du l|eh. Trong cac cdng ty du
eua con ngudi thue hidn cdng vide nghe nghiip lich cung c i p ca hai d|eh vu (IQ hanh va van

GO

kboa hoc
thifdng m a i '


QUflN TRI KINH DOflNH

I

h I k
ita

Trong cudc khao sat, ngudl sQ
di/ng lao ddng dugc yeu cau danh gia
eae ky narig ky thuit cQa ngudi lao

dpng. Nhin ehung, 6 t i t oa c i c cdng
vide, phan ldn doanh nghl§p danji g l i
kJ ning eua nhin vidn l i tdt. O Da

1 ^

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N^ng ty le danh g l i eae ky ning

J

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"^S*^® ^^^ ^^^" ^'^" ^ ^^'^ ^^ "

^^^' ^^ "^°^" '^^° ^^^

Quang Binh, nguyen nhin l i do Da
N5ng cd nhieu khach san 4-5 sao (14
ieu dd 3; Viic lim trpng kinh doanh dich vy 10 hanh va vin khich san 5 sao va 26 khach sgn 4
sao)
(2 khaeh
chuyen d Quing Binh va Di Ni^ng
dinh hdn
gia so
d vdi
mQcQuang
tot trdBinh
xudng,
mi)c
. , - . . iai
. - xe
. . . chiem
,
,ty .Id .lao, ddng
, , Idn nhat. C3
sgn
sao, chiem
3 khich
sgn 4eao.
sao). Cae
chuyen),
trung5 binh
ty frpng
N^uon:
Tong
tu khao

doanh
2016 jchich sgn tQ 1-2 sao cac ky nang
Quang
Binh,
ty lehop
lai tic
xe gia
l i 36%
va dsat
Dacac
Nang
la nghidp,
Thtfc tr^ng thiiu hut ky nang trong finh vUc
imuMdt
do so
^-V,An
kinhhpp
Hnf^nh
Hirh wn
wa
wSn
^^^
pg^j^j
IQQ
(j^^g
thUdng
dUpC
32%.
l i i xelam
da trnnn

biet kef
gidi thieu
eicin HAnh
kinh doanh du lich
diem den eho du khach. NhQng l i i xe am hieu c i c
Thyc ttang thieu hut ky ning trong ITnh vyc du
kien thQe ve c i c khu di tieh hay vui ehdi thudng
hch tai hai tinh xuat hidn d hau het c i c vj fri thugc
dUdc danh gia eao va dUpc thudng. Sd lupng hudng tat ea eac logi hinh doanh nghiip du Ijch. Vi d'y,
dan vien du lieh d Quang Binh chiem 7% trong khi
nhidu ca nhin md nha nghi hoic khach sgn du
hudng dan du lieh d D i Nang chi chiem 5%.
Ijch khi ed dQ ngudn luc tai chinh, nhung bah thin
hp hoic c i c nhin vidn khdng cd bat
• kJ d i d tgo hoic kidn thQe n i o ve
Xep hang ky nang tai Quing Binh
quan ly nha nghi hoic khich san.
Thieu hLit ky ning khdng ty hpe, hp
khdng cd kha nang tan dyng tot e i c
ky nang cQa nhin vidn de phuc vy
du khich tdt hdn v i ning cao hieu
qua kinh doanh cQa ehinh minh.
NhQng r i o can n i y chQ ydu bat
ngudn til quy md eCia doanh nghiep.
Cac doanh nghiep nhd hau het deu
thidu sdt ve quan IJ ngudn nhin lue,
Hiring d5n viOn du Ticb
g i p khd khin khi x i e d|nh nhu eau
ky nang cung nhu tim ngudn eung
cap va chl tra eho hogt ddng d i o tgo

phQ hgp cho nhin vien eua minh.
DS vdi nhung lao ddng khdng ehinh
Xg'p hgng k? nang t^i E>d Ning
thQe trong nganh du Ijch, vi dy, ngudi
dieu hinh dich vu d trg tgi nha d i n
(homestay), ngudi cheo thuyen, ...
thudng kem ky n i n g c h i m sdc
khaeh hang, tieng Anh, trinh dd hoe
van v i tidp tti| doanh nghidg thap.
Dieu n i y anh hudng den kha nang
thue hidn c i c chidn lupc tiep c i n thi
frudng tdt hdn v i tgo ed hdi mang lai
nhQng nguon thu nhip khie.
Trong khi eae khieh san va n h i
hing ldn thudng phan n i n ve khd
Ngudn: Tdng hgp cOa tic gii ttf khio sat cac doanh nghl$p, 2016 khin tuyen dtjng nhin vien cho
doanh nghidp minh, smh vidn tdt
Bieu do 4 ; Xip hang ve ky nang cOa ngUdi lao ddng^
nghidp tQ c i c trudng dgy nghe ve du
trong tat ca cic doanh nghiip tai hai tinh, thanh pho

Sd 109/2017

H

•_

__• Hi H

^khoa hoc

I mai


Q0(IH TRI KINH DOflNjjljch gap trd ngai khi tim kidm mdt cdng vide trong
nganh. LJ do hau hdt cae doanh ngliidp dUa ra
trong q u i trinh tuyen dung ddu la chit iugng d i o
tgo hay ehUdng trinh d i o tgo chua thich Qng vdi
nhu cau eau doanh nghidp d i t ra. C i e doanh
nghiep hai tinh deu ludn can nhQng nhan vidn lanh
nghe, ed kinb nghidm, d i e biet doi vdi c i c doanh
nghiep ldn v i hUdn'g dan vien du ijch.
Ngoii khaeh sgn, n h i nghi v i n h i hing,
nghien cQu va eae eude khao sat eung xae djnii
nhiTnn thidu
ihi£fi. crtt
nhiF
nhQng
sdt kr.
kJ nSnn
nang imnr,
trong f.^f
eac tTnh
ITnh Miirvye nhu
hudng dan du hch, lai xe du ljch v i dieiJ hinh
ehuyen du lieh. Hogt ddng hudng dan du lieh duge
x i e djnh l i van de dac bidt quan frpng, bdi nd tae
dpng Idn ddn trai nghiem cua du khdch tgi c i c di
s i n the gidi d hai tinh.
Nhu cau phat triin ky ning cho ngudl lao ddng
trong nganh du l\ch

Dya trdn khao s i t doanh
nghiip dugc thye hidn, n i m cdng
vide ein d i o tgo lai nhat 6 hai tinh
khic nhau. Quan IJ nha hang,
khach san va nhin vien phuc vu
b i n thudc nam eqng viee hing
dau d c i hai tinh. O Quang Binh,
Id'tin v i cdng vide tidp th| eung
••
thudc
n i m edng vide hing dau.1 . 0
D i Nanp l i bep trudng v i nhin
vien buong phdng.
TQ bid'u dd tren eho thay ngoii •
trinh dd chuydn mdn, ngudi sQ, ^ ^ • ^
dung lao ddng quan tam nhieu
den eae ky nang eho nganh du
Ijch. Thdng thudng, c i c edng ty
thudng tuyen nhin vien ed bd d i y
kmh nghidm dd nhanh hieu vide,
cd chuydn mdn nhit dinh, giam
khau d i o tao lai. Tuy nhidn, dieu
dd khdng nhat thief ngudi dd phai
tQng kinh qua V| trf tUdng tu tai
mdt cdng ty khic, ma thyc c h i l
chl la ngudi hld'u edng vi'dc sap
dam nhin. Chang han, sinh vidn
da tQng l i m ban thdi gian, phy
bin eung dugc, cd va cham thuc
td, tiep xue khaeh hang, biet Qng

xQ. dae bidt neu sinh vidn d i tQng
hge thdm nghidp vu lien quan den
Vl ttf tuydn dyng thi rat duge uu
tien... Neu l i m hudng dan vien
thi ddi hdi phai ed kidn thQe rdng
vd van hda, heh sQ, kha ning
giao tidp, cd sQc khde, nhay ben,

Kit qua phdng van true tiep nhOng vin di dc
ben quan tim
Cic doanh nghidp
lcdng ty d Quang Binh v i 86% cdng ty d D i Hana
Ua thich thud lao ddng tay nghd cao^ sd cdn Igi chi
can lao ddng pho thdng de giam thieu chi phi thud
nhin edng. Trong do: tat ea ngudi sQ dyng lao
ddng tQ khaeh sgn 5 sao den 3 sao 6 hai tinh va
thanh pho nay deu bay td nhu cau nang ky nang
^3 |(jQp thQc quBn IJ v i glao tidp. "flit ca ngUQI sU
dyng lao ddng cQa eae khaeh sgn 1-2 sao mom
muon eai thi^n kha nang quan iJ khach sgn, t i ^
th(, va tham ehi ea ke toan cua hg. Hau hdt tift ea
c i c chu khich sgn 1 sao khdng dupc d i o tao
ehuydn mdn tnJdc khi b3t dau kmh doanh, vl viy
hg t h i y cung khdng can phai cai thien ky nang.

luiillJ..

Quang Binh

iiiiJiiiiiiJiiiiiliiJi
j'..*\

D i Nang

.IIMIIILIIIIIIIIIIJI
*# ^
• ^

?.<*

• Khdng c4y hign

linh hoat, xQ IJ tinh hudng. Cdn
,
'
thief ke tour thi phai g i p nhieu
Nguon: Tong hdp ctia tic gia ttf khao sit dc doanh nghidp, 2016
{J[jch hing de ghi nhan j kien, di Bigu do 5; Xip hang vi tam quan trgng cOa ky ning lam vi$c cd
ban tQ ngtfdi st? dung lao ddng

hiioa hoc ^
^
62 thifting'maj
~- =

^__
•

•

C5mmmj


|QaflMTR!KmHPO6 nhieu edng ty ed mdt cai khd la hg da quen
vdi nd nep eu nen khd thich Qng vdi eai mdi, thim
ehi hg ed "bii rieng", thudng thich l i m theo J minh
va ddi khi cdn ap d i f ngudi khac, ed nhOng ddi hdi
qui ding, hp quan tam nhieu den cae kJ ning can
thiet ed ban nhu giao tidp, ngogi ngQ, chip hinh
kJ luit hay ky nang ban hang, m i khdng quan f i m
nhidu den c i c ky ning Iidn quan den nghd thuat
kmh doanh nhu ky ning thuyet ttinh, thai dd iam
vide, hay ky nang l i m ehu cam xuc.
Cac giio wen va giang viin cua dc cd sd dao tao
Khi dupe phdng v i n c i c cd sd dao tao eho t h i y
hg khdng the du kha n i n g t i i chinh dd gQi c i e
giao vien ddn thyc te d c i c doanh nghidp, thye
hinh ning cao fay nghd h o i c c i p kinh phi eho
giao vien di thye td dd tiep c i n vdl thue te quan ly
kinh doanh du hch khaeh san. Hau het eie giang
vidn/giio vidn dupc hdi bay td mong mudn tham
gia c i c khda hgc vd phUdng phap giang day v i ky
nang ehuyen mdn. Mdt sd ngudi khac muon eai
thidn ngogi ngQ. ky ning giao tiep v i c i c kJ nang
mem kfiic. Ky ning thye h i n h kem k h i phd bien
d cae giao vien tgi eie tnJdng dgy nghd. Nhieu
giao vien khdng the thyc hien ttiuan thue eie ky
nang c i n thiet m i ho phai dgy hpe sinh. Didu nay

dudng nhu giai thfeh tai sao chat ludng d i o tao d
cac trudng day nghe d i p Qng dupc nhu eau xa hdi
d mQc khdng cao.
Cic dn bd chinh quyen dia phUdng
d ea hai tinh myc tieu, phong van eho thay
nhidu c i c e i n bd chfnh quyen d|a phUdng khdng
dupe d i o tgo dtj ky nang quan IJ du l|ch. Hau het
can bd khdng duge d i o tao chuyen mdn ve du
Ijch. Cac c i n bd chinh quyen dja phUdng eung
khdng dugc dao tao lien ttjc vd du Ijeh sau khi
dUde tuyen dung. C i c can bg ehinh quyen d|a
phUdng Uiam gia phdng van mong mudn cd them
nhieu ed hgi tham dy cac khda dao tao hOu ich
cho edng viee cQa minh. Trong sd eie loai hinh
dio tao m i hg dd c i p , Uu tien hing d i u l i eae ky
nang l i p ke hoaeh, thu thip dQ lidu v i phan tieh
va phat trien san pha'm du hch.
Dieu n i y rat quan trpng doi vdi nang lyc cgnh
ttanh cua nginh du hch tai cae tinh mtjctidu bdivi
phan ldn c i e quyet djnh phat tridn chien lUPc 6
cap tinh duge thue hiin bdi chinh quyen dja
phuong v i ehfnh quyen dja phuong cung ddng
mdt vai trd thUe tieh quan trgng trong quing b i .

Sd 109/2017

quan IJ, phit trien ky nang va cP sd ha tang eho
nginh. Can bd ehinh quyen dia phUPng dupe d i o
tgo tdt ed J nghTa quan trgng doi vdi tat ea eac
doanh nghidp du l|eh Idn nhd d eae tinh myc tieu.

D i e bidt l i d a vdi da sd c i c doanh nghidp nhd va
sieu nho ludn can phdi hpp hoat ddng v i liin ket
vdl nhau dd eung tien.
5. Ket lu$n va ideh ngh|
Ngoii c h i t lupng ngudn nhin lyc thi ky ning
l i m vi$c la ydu td quan trgng hang dau quyet dinh
sy thanh edng eua ngudi lao ddng iam vi$c trong
nginh kinh doanh Du lich Viet Nam. Cai tgo v i
nang eao ky nang nghe eho ngudi lao ddng la mot
q u i trinh l i u d i i v i c i n cd sy chung tay cQa 3
"nha": Nha trudng - N h i Doanh nghiip - N h i
Nude. Bii b i o da khii q u i t thye trgng nhu c i u du
l|ch Viit Nam, tidp c i n hai d|a phUdng mijc tidu
tinh Quang Binh va Thanh p h d D i Nang. Qua dd,
khao sat ve nhQng Unh vUe nghe nghiip frong kinh
doanh nginh du heh, phin tieh sy thieu hyt vd eie
ky ning qua dd d i n h g i i duge "mQc dd h i i Idng"
eQa ngQdi sQ dung lao ddng doi vdi ngudi lao
ddng. Ddng thdi vide phdng v i n cac cd sd d i o tgo
v i cac ed quan quan IJ nha nudc lien quan da iam
rd t h i m c i c ky ning can phai cd 6 ngudi lao ddng
trong Ifnh vye du hch, hp can phai ed nhQng ddng
gdp gl them de eai thiin c i c ky nang nay. TQ cae
phan tich trdn, tde gia de xuat mdt so ky ning eho
e i c bdn lidn quan, nhSm thdc di'y phat tridn kinh
doanh nginh du hch tai Viit Nam.
Doi vdi dc doanh nghiip
lii su ttiidu hyt ning lye kinh doanh, uu tien
hang dau la can thi$p nham giup eae doanh
nghidp ning cao ky ning tidp fhi, ky ning cham

sdc khieh hang v i d i o tao ndi bd. Do viy, eae ehu
doanh nghidp, d i e bidt ia cac doanh nghidp nhd
v i vQa can hpe eieh thue hidn cd hidu qua c i c
hogt ddng tiep th| v i quang ba san phdm. Trong
dd coi trpng tiep thj true tuyen, bdi trong thdi dai
edng nghd thdng tin phit trid'n manh me nhu hien
nay, kenh quang c i o trUe tuyen dupe eoi nhU l i
mdt kdnh den nhanh vdl ngudi tieu dQng nhat. Ve
v i n de d i o tao ndi bd, eae ehu doanh nghidp tnide
het t i p trung gQi nhin vidn di d i o tao v i d i o tao
lai mdt so ky ning quan trgng, tiep ddn, eung can
phai luu J eic nhin vien phai hpe eich cham sde
khich hing, qua thyc tidn cdng vide ty ning eao
ky ning nghe nghidp ban t h i n , bdi nhieu ky ning

lihna hoc
thififng'mal

^
63


QUflN TR! KINH DOflNH
duge dQe rQt tQ q u i frinh tieh luy kinh nghidm m i
ed. Ddng thdi, cie ehQ doanh nghiip cung can hpc
eich quan IJ hi^u q u i t i i ehinh v i ngudn nhin lyc
v i khdi su doanh nghi$p nhd va vQa thinh edng.
£Jd/ vdl cic cd sd dio tao
Cic cd sd hidn tai chUa dip Qng duge mong
dgi cua ngudi sQ dung lao ddng trong nginh du

l|eh. NhQng ITnh vuc ma cac co sd d i o tgo cd the
tap taing dd eai thien chat lupng dao tgo bao gdm
xay dyng chUdng trinh v i tai lidu khda hpe, cai
thidn va nang cao c i c ky ning giang dgy. Giang
vidn/giio vien trong e i c ed sd d i o tgo hgc eich
ttiiet ke mdt ehUdng trinh mdi cho nhu eau ky nang
phat sinh. Ben canh dd, cae trudng cdn phai chQ
ddng nang cao ky nang phdi hpp, lien kdt c h i t ehe
vdl c i c doanh nghidp trong q u i trinh d i o tgo thi
se cd cd hdi thye hidn cae hoat ddng giang day
phQ hgp hdn vdi nhu e i u , vd tim eieh thu hut sinh
vien tham gia chuong trinh.
Dd7 vdl can bd chinh quyen dja phUdng
Can thiet phai fd chQe eie khda d i o tgo trang
bj c i c kidn thQe vd du Ijch cho c i n bd chinh quydn
dia phUdng, nhit l i c i c khda d i o tao vd lap kd
hoach v i td chQc eac sy kiin hoac thyc hidn cae
djnh hudng cdng vide da duge trien khai. Chi khi
ein bd n h i nudc dupc trang b| nhOng ky ning n i y
thi hp mdi cd the x i y dyng duge cae chien lupe va
ehinh sich tdt cho su phit tridn bdn vQng cQa
nginh. Theo dd, eac Sd Lao dgng ThUdng binh Xa
hgi v i Sd Van hda The thao Du l|eh dao tgo eac ky
nang l i p ke hogch, thyc hidn v i dinh gia kd
hogch ky nang thu thap v i phin tich dQ lidu de lap
ke hogch cho cae ehuyen vien true ttiude. Ddng
thdi dao tao va quan IJ du hch va phat tridn ngudn
nhan lye, xue tien du l|eh. •
7a< lieu tham ktiio:
1. Bd Vin hda - The thao v i Du Ijch (2011),

Quy hoach phit triin nhin luc nganh du Ijch glal
doan 2011- 2020.
2. Bao tin tQc, (01/09/2016), Ning cao chat
lUdng ngudn nhin lUc du lich, Khai t h i c tQ
/>3. BQi Hien, Nguyen V i n Giao, Nguyen HOu
Qujnh, Vu Vin Tao (2001),Tt? diin giao due hgc.
Nxb TQ dien Bich khoa. H i Ndi.

64

•'•"la hoc
IhiTdngmai

4 BQi Quang Binh (2015), Thu hut du khach
quic ti din dc tinh duyen hai Nam Tmng B0:
Thuc trang va glal phip, Khai thie tQ DH Kinh f e D i Nang.
5. Cornelius Gregg, Ngd Quang Vjnh (2016),
Ky nang lim vi$c thuc day thUdng mai va da dang
hda kinh ti tai Vi$t Nam, International Labour
Organization.
6. Ha van Sidu, Diim ddt phi trong Chiin lUdc
phit trien du lich Vidt Nam din nam 2020, tam
nhin 2030, Tgp ehf Tai ehinh ky 2, sd thing
5/2016.
7. TQ dien Oxford, Website: http://vi/ww.oxforddlctionaries.com/definition/english/skill
ngay
25/6/2016.
8. Vargas-Sanehez, A., de los Angeles PlazaMejia, M.. & Porras-Bueno, N. (2009),
Understanding residents' attitudes toward the
development of industrial tourism in a former mining community. Journal of Travel Research. 47(3),

373-387.
9. Vargas-Sanchez, A., de los Angeles PlazaMejia, M., & Porras-Bueno. N. (2009),
Understanding residents' attitudes toward the
development of Industrial tourism in a former mining community, Journal of Travel Research, 47(3),
373-387.
Summary
By researching ttie recent number of domestic and foreign tourists in Vietnam in general and
some target provinces in particular, the paper
evaluates the development trend of tourism
industry, analyses profession skills of laborers in
tourism sector. Analysis results indicate that
there remain serious lacks of working skills
among tourism laborers, therefore demand for
skill improvements is high. From the analysis, the
author puts forth some recommendations for relevant agencies to apply some working skills to
promote the development of Vietnam tourism
Industry.

^ ^ ^ = ^ ^ ^ = . . _ ^ _
Sd 109/2017