Vấn đề phát triển thị trường dịch vụ công thực trạng và giải pháp, kiến nghị

(^So OS (166)-2017^

TAI CHINH VI MO

VAN DE PHAT TRIEN THj TRIfdNG DjCH VU CONG
THIJC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP, K I I N NGHj
Doan Ngoc Xuan*
TCP nam 2007, Viet Nam cam kit gia nhap WTO, trong 66 c6 cam ket ma ctia thi trwdrng djch v{i. Trong so
cac loai thj truKmg djch vu, djch vg c6ng gan vdi vai trd cOa Nha nwd'c trong vi^c dim bio phuc Ign x§ h^i
thong qua viec thiet lap cv che, chinh sach, tieu chuan dinh muc kinh te - ky thu$t, cap phdp ho$c cdng
nhan du dieu kien ho^t d^ng, kiem tra, giim sit, xu /y vi pham nham tao dieu ki^n cho c^c co* s& cung
cap djch vu (gom ca cdng va ngoAi cdng lap); tham gia cung ung djch vg cdng thdng qua ho^t d^ng ctia
he thong cac do'n v/ su' nghiep do nhi nudv thinh lip; ho tro>, tii Uy cho ho^t d^ng cung ung ho0c cho
ngudfi thu hw&ng. Vi^c kien nghj cic giii phip dong b^ ti> phia Nhi nudv cung nhu sg- sin sing vio
cugc cua cac ben tham gia thj trudng, chac chan thi tru&ng djch vg cdng cua nu&c ta ngiy cing cd vi
tri, dong gdp ngiy cing Idn hon cho phit trien kinh te - xi h^i cung nhu dip ung nhu cau phuc lgi ngiy
cang cao cua nhan dan.
• T u khoa dich vu, djch vu cong, dich vu cong thiet yeu, hang hoa dich vu cong, thi trudng dich vy cong.

/

\
Vietnam commits to join V\/TO since 2007
including opening service market Among different
service mariState to ensure social welfares via establishing
mechanisms, policies, standard technicaleconomic quotas, licensing and recognizing
operation condition, investigating, monitoring and
dealing violence in order to create fair environment
for service providers (both public and private
providers), tal

operation of a system of public units, providing
suppods and sponsorships for service providers
and beneficials Recommendation of consolidated
solutions from the State as well as the readiness
of llie marlservice provision contributing to the socioeconomic development and meeting the welfare
demand of the communities
' Keywords service, public service, essential
public sen/ice, public commodity, public service
market

\

*

Ngay nhan bai 14/3/2017
Ngay chuyen phan bien 17/3/2017
Ngay nhan phan bien 30/3/2017
Ngay chap nhan dang 15/4/2017
Theo ndi dung cam kel ciia Viet Nam vdi Td
chiic Thuong mai the gidi (WTO), md cira thi
iiLkVng dich vu !a ndi dung dugc cac nhd ddu tu
irong vd ngoai nudc rdt quan tam Theo ndi dung
cua BICU cam kin cu the ve dich vu ciia VietNam,

cd tat cd 11 ngdnh va 155 phan nganh djch vu dugc
cac thdnh vien WTO tien hanh ddm phdn va dal
dugc thda ihuan. Trong sd cac loai thj trudng dich
vu, dich vu cdng gan vdi vai trd ciia Nha nudc
trong viee ddm bdo phiic Ipi xa hdi thdng qua vice

thiet lap ea che, chinh sdch, lieu chudn dmh mirc
kinh te - ky thudt, cdp phep hoac edng nhdn dii dicu
kien hoat ddng, kiem Ira, gidm sdt, xir ly vi pham;
tham gia cung img dich vu cdng thdng qua boat
dong eiia he thdng cac dan vj sir nghiep cong; hd
tra, tai irp cho hoat ddng cung img hoac cho ngudi
ihu hudng. Bdi viet nay chiing tdi trao ddi chuyen
sdu khia canh phat trien thi trudng djeh vu edng ciia
Viet Nam - thuc trang vd gidi phdp kien nghj
Tong quan ve thf trm'fng dich vg cong
Djch vu cdng cd the dugc hicu la nhting hang
hod dich vu md Chinh phii can thiep vao viee cung
cdp nham muc lieu hieu qua va cdng bang. Theo
dd, dieh vu cdng la tdt ca nhung hoat ddng nham
thuc hien cac chirc nang vdn ed ciia Chinh phii,
bao gdm: cac hoal ddng ban hanh chinh sdch, phap
ludt,... cho den nhirng hoat dgng y te, giao due.
van hda, the thao va mdi trudng. Dich vu cdng
mang nhimg ddc trung cho Ihdy vai trd, tam quan
trpng trong qua trinh phat tnen ciia mdi qudc gia
Vai tro
- Cdc hoal ddng cd tinh chat phuc vu true tiep,
dap img nhu cdu. quyen lgi hay nghTa vu cu the va
true tiep cua cdc td chirc vd cdng dan.

y.V - Ban Kinh le Trung Wng

Tap

chi nghien ciifu Tai chinh ke'toan vl5>

(So 05 (166)-2017^

TAI CHINH VI MO
- Djch vu cdng do Nha nudc chiu trach nhi^m
trudc xa hgi (true tiep cung ung hoac uy nhiem viec
cung img) gin vdi thuc hien chirc nang cua Nha
nude trong viec dam bao phuc Igi xa hgi.
- Dich vu cdng cd moi lien he mat thiet vdi tat
ca mgi ITnh vuc ddi sdng vdi muc lieu bao ddm
linh cdng bdng va linh hieu qua trong cung ung
djch vu cdng cgng.
- Su da dang hda, nang cao chdt lugng ya sd
lupng cua hang hda djch vu cdng la mdt xu the phai
trien tdt yeu ciia nen kinh te hien dai.
Phdn loai dich vg cong
- Dich vu cdng dugc chia thanh 3 loai, nhu sau:
-i- Dich vu cdng do co quan nha nude true liep
cung cdp.
-i- Dich vu edng do cac td chirc phi chinh phii
va khu vuc tu nhdn cung cap.
+ Dieh vu cdng do td chiic nhd nude, td chirc
phi chinh phii, td chirc tu nhan phdi hgp thuc
hien.
- Dua vao linh chdt va tac dung ciia dich vu
dugc cung img. cd the chia djch vu cdng thanh
cac loai sau:
-- Dich vu hdnh chinh cdng: Day Id loai dich
vu gan lien vdi chirc nang qudn iy nhd nudc nham

dap img )eu cdu ciia ngudi dan. Do vay, cho den
nay. ddi tupng cung img duy nhdt cdc dich vu
cimg nay Id co quan cong quyen hay cdc co quan
do nha nudc lhanh lap dugc iiv quyen thuc hien
LHing iing djch vu cdng O mdt sd nudc. djch vu
hanh chinh cdng dugc coi Id mdt loai hoat dong
neng. khdng nam trong pham vi dich vu cdng.
Ngudi dan duac hudng nhCrng dich vu nay khdng
theo quan he cung cdu. ngang gia tren thi irudng,
ma ihong qua vice ddng Ic phi hoac phi cho ca
quan hJnh chinh nhd nudc. Phdn le plii nay mang
tinh chat bd sung cho ngan sach nhd nudc.
- Dich vu su nghiC'p cong: bao gdm cac hoal
ddng cung cap phiic lai xa hdi thiet veu cho ngudi
dfin nhu gido due. van hoa. khoa hgc, cham sdc
sue khoe. the due the thao. an sinh xa hdi,.. Xu
huong chung hicn na> tren the gidi Id nha nudc
chi ihuc hicn nhung dich vu cong nao ma xd hdi
khong the lam duoc hoac khong muon lam nen
nha nuoc da chuyen giao mot phan vice cune irng
loai diLJi VII cdng na> tho khu vuc tu nhdn \a cac
[o Jiuc xahoi

+ Djch vy cdng ich: la cac ho?t dgng cung cap
cac hang hoa, dich vu ca ban, thi^t yeu cho nguai
dan va cgng dong nhu: Ve sinh mdi trudng, xii ly
rac thai, cap nudc sach, van tai cong cgng do thi,
phdng chong thien tai... chu yeu do cac doanh
nghiep cdng ich cua Nha nudc thuc hien.
Danh gia qua trinh phat triin thj tnrcmg dich

vu cdng
Mpt la, ve ddi mdi tu duy trong hoach dinh
chinh sach
Ddi vdi djch vu cdng, tu Dai hdi VI (1986)
Dang la da coi dich vu cdng la su nghiep cdng,
bao gom 6 ITnh vue: van hda; giao due; y le; the
due, the thao; van hoc nghe thuat; khoa hgc, ky
thuat; dSn Dai hgi Vll (1991) bd sung them ITnh
vue thdng tin, bao ehi. xudt ban; den Dai hdi VIII
bd sung them k£ hoach hda gia dinh; den Dai hpi
XII (2016) Ddng la tiap tuc xac dinh 8 ITnh vuc
tren la djch vu cdng.
Chu truong eua Dang ve phat trien djch vu
cdng Id nhat quan, ke thira va phdt trien, theo kinh
l6 thi trudng djnh hudng xa hdi chii nghTa, lap
trung vao 5 ndi dung chinh: Hoan thien ca che
lu chil, lu chju trach nhiem ddi vdi cdc dan vj sir
nghiep cdng lap; hoan thien ca che phap ludt vd
chinh sdch nham day manh huy ddng ngudn luc
xa hgi, khuyen khich xa hdi hda djch vu cdng;
hoan thien the che ve co cdu \ a phuang thirc ddu
lu ciia NSNN cho phat trien djch vu cong: ihuc
hien co che dal hang, mua hang, giao nhiem vu
cung img dich vu cdng; xdc dinh khung gia, phi
dich vu su nghiep cdng, tirng budc tinh dii chi
phi lien lucmg, chi phi ihudng xuyen theo Id trinh
phil hgp; phdt trien thj trudng djch vu cdng; hodn
thien ea che, ehinh sdch hd tra cdc ddi lugng
chinh sach, ngudi ngheo, ddng bao dan tdc thieu
sd; tang cudng vai trd eiia Nha nudc; hoan ihien

eac cdng cu qudn Iy va kiem tra. gidm sdt ciia cac
CO quan quan ly nha nudc, giao cho cae bd. nganh
va dia phuang thuc hien.
Diem ndi bdt trong qua trinh phat trien thi
trudng dich vu cdng trong thdi gian qua Id qua
trinh thuc hien xa hdi hda dich vu cong. Dd la su
huy ddng cdc ngudn luc ciia \a hdi vao vice thda
man nhu cau ciia con ngudi v e dich v u cdns Khi
nen kinh te cdng phdt trien thi mirc sdnc naudi
ddn cang dugc nang cao, nhu cau v c dich v u cone
ich can2 rdne Idn va da dang.

16> Tap chi nghien ciiu Tai chinh ke t o a n


(^S^ 05

TAI CHINH VI MO

(166)-2017)

Hai Id, \h ddi mdi thg ch8 kinh te
He thdng luat phap va cac van ban quy pham
phap luat lam co sd thyc hien chinh sach x3 hgi
hda djch vu cdng tao budc chuyen doi tir ca che
bao cap sang ca che gia dich vu cdng, dd la;
- Da ban hanh cac quy dinh giao quyen tir chii,
tu chju trach nhiem doi vdi don vi su nghiep cung
cap djch vu cdng.
- Da thuc hien chinh sach xa hdi hda nham

huy ddng ngudn luc xa hdi vao thi trudng dich
vu cdng d muc do, phuang thirc khac nhau, nhu:
lien doanh, lien ket, nhugng quyen khai thdc, hgp
ddng lien doanh, lien kel...
- Tung budc tao hanh lang phdp ly chi ngdn
sach trong viec dat hang, hd Irg ddi tugng hudng
chinh sach xa hdi nham lao "cau" trong quan he
cung- cdu tren thi trudng djch vu cdng.
- Ciing vdi qud trinh chuyen ddi sang thj
trudng trong cung cdp djch vu edng, Nhd nudc da
ddu lu, hd trg thich dang cho viec phdt trien cdc
hoat dgng cung cap djch vu cdng.
Han che
Mpt la, mac du da phat trien thj trudng djch
vu cdng, cdc ngudn luc bd sung cho phat tricn cac
ITnh vuc phiie lgi xa hgi, song chi ngan sach cho
eac hoal ddng nay cdn mang linh bao cap, chi theo
dinh miic ddu vao (sd lugng sinh vien, hpc sinh;
giudng benh; de ldi...) md chua chii trpng den sdn
pham dau ra (chat lugng va gid djch vu), nhu: chi
cho giao due khoang 20-21%, y le 6,8-7,3%, khoa
hoc, cong nghe 1,42-1,5l%i, mdi Irudng 1%... tren
tdng chi ngdn sach nha nudc; thu tir hoat ddng nay
chil yeu ghi thu, ghi chi, cdn cac loai thue chiem
ly trgng khdng dang ke trong tdng thu ciia ngdn
sach nha nudc, Trong khi dd, GDP tao ra tir cae
hoal ddng djch vu cdng chiem ly trpng Idn (khoang
30- 35% GDP). Ngodi ra, hdng nam chi cho du hoc
khoang gdn 5 ly USD, chi chira benh d nudc ngodi
khoang 3-4 ty USD: rieng nam 2016 cd khodng

6,5 tneu lugt du khdch trong nude di du Ijch nudc
ngoai, tang khodng 15% so vdi nam trudc va chi
tiLden7-StyUSD...
Hai Id, thi trudng djeh vu cdng dang timg budc
liinh lhanh tren dien rgng, song da phdt sinh nhieu
hai cap. tdn tai, nhu hoal ddng mdt sd loai djch
V u cong lhieu kicm scat cita Nhd nudc, nhu: trong
i-iing niol CO so cung cdp dich vu cong ciia Nha

nudc tdn tai nhieu loai hinh hoat dOng vdi cac
ngi dung va muc gia dich vy khac nhau, co che
ph3n phoi thieu cong khai, minh b^ch (miic hgc
phi ton tai nhieu loai nhu d6i vdi cac trudng cdng
lap, ngoai cdng lap rieng; gia dich vu kham chua
benh ciing tdn tai nhi^u miirc gia do Nha nudc quy
dinh, muc gia bao hiem, miic gia theo yeu cau,...;
gia Uong djch vy th^ thao, giai tri va cac ho^t ddng
khac Cling tuang tu nhu vay).
Ba Id, nham day manh xa hgi hda cung nhu
phat trien thi trudng djch vu cdng trong cung ung
djch vu cdng, Nha nudc ta da ban hanh nhieu vdn
ban quy pham phap luat tao ca sd cung img dich
vu trong cac ITnh vuc y te, giao due, van hda va
the thao ra ddi. Ddng thai, trong khi hien thuc
dieu nay da nay sinh nhieu vdn de trong viec
kiem soat chdt lugng djch vu, nhu: Nha nudc chu
trpng den kiem sodt dieu kien, chdt lugng cung
cap eiia eae dan vj edng lap, trong khi viec kiem
sodl chdt lupng ddi vdi cac dan vi ngoai cdng lap
chua dupe chii trgng.

Biin Id, mgl sd kha phd bien dan vj. Id chuc
cung cap djeh vu khdng dam bao yeu cdu ve chdt
lugng nhung van dugc phep hoat dpng, nhu: trong
ITnh vuc gido due mdt sd Irudng mdm non tu thuc
khdng dil tieu chudn, thieu khdng gian cho tre, thuc
pham khong an loan, eac dieu kien chain sde tre
khdng dugc ddm bao; mdt sd ca sd khdm chira
benh khdng ddp irng dugc yeu cau, nang liiy tien
gia thudc; cdc trudng hgc ngoai cdng lap thieu giao
vien ca hiiii;... Tdt cd dang dal ra vdn de ve kiem
sodl chdt lupng ddi vdi cac ca sd cung cap djch vu.
Giai phap, kicn nghi
Mgt Id, bdm bdo tinh ddc lap giii-a viec thuc hien
chirc nang qudn ly nhd nudc vdi viee cung cap dieh
vu cdng trong cac don vj su nghiep cdng. Nhiem
vu ciia CO quan qudn ly Nha nudc ddi vdi cac ITnh
vuc djch vu cdng la hoach djnh chinh sdch, hudng
ddn chuyen mdn vd kiem Ira, gidm sdt chap hanh
phdp luat ddi vdi cdc ca sd cung cdp djch vu cdng
(ke ca edng, lu, lien doanh, lien kel, dau lu nude
ngoai); ddi vdi ea sd ngodi cdng lap eung phai tudn
Ihii phdp luat va chiu su ki^m tra, thanh tra, xir ly
vi pham eua Nhd nudc binh dang nhu ddi vdi ca
sd cung cap djch vu cdng ciia Nha nudc. Cd nhu
vay, mdi thuc sir lao dieu kicn tu chii, tu chiu trach
nhicm. ddm bdo canh tranh. phat tricn thj trudng
d[ch vu cong trong su phdt trien hdi hda ciia ca he

Tap chi nghien ctfu Tai chinh ke' toan <17}

(ssros

TAI CHINH VI MO

(166)-2017)

thdng co sd cung cap djch vy cdng, khdng phan
biet hinh thuK; sd huu.
Hai Id, ti6p tyc hoan thien the che phat trien thi
trudng dich vu cdng. Viec dinh hudng, xac dinh ro
muc tieu phat trien kinh XB dat nudc gan lien vdi
day manh phat trien cac nganh kinh te dich vy, cac
loai hang hda cdng cdng trong cdng cugc xa hgi
hda, hien dai hda dat nudc la nhiem vy trgng tam.
Md rdng cdc dich vy mdi, trong dd can chu Ugng
phat trien cac nganh djch vu chat lugng cao va phii
hgp vdi xu the hdi nhap kinh te qudc te: tai chinh,
ngdn hang, bdo hiem, chimg khoan, dich vy phap
ludt, kiem loan, khoa hgc va cdng nghe, van hda,
giao due, y t6... Viec hoan thien the che phat trien
kinh le thj Irudng ITnh vuc djch vy cdng cdn phdi
tiSp can tu duy mdi, dd Id phai thay ddi nhan thirc,
cdch tiep can chinh sach doi vdi thi trudng djch vu
cdng dua tren san pham ddu ra theo cdc nhdm hang
hoa djch vu: djch vu cdng thiet yeu do Nha nudc
dam bao 100%, dich vu cdng ca ban do Nha nudc
ldi trg mdt phdn vd djch vu cdng khac do xa hgi
cung cdp dudi su gidm sal ciia Nha nudc.

viec dat ra he thong ti6u chuin chat lugng thi trach
nhiem ciia moi ca nhan, ^ chuc trong cung ung
djch vy phai dugc nang cao; de cao trdch nhiem ca
nhan ddng thdi dat ra co che giai trinh hgp ly, nhu
vay cdng tac ki^m soat, giam sat se cd hieu qua
han. Theo do:
- Ngoai cac nhiem vu chi quan ly nha nudc,
nghien cuu ca ban, phiic lgi xa hdi chung, thuc hien
chinh sach xa hgi,... viec chi tir ngan sach cho cac
ITnh vuc dich vy cdng thuc hien chi theo hudng hd
trg ngudi tieu diing (su dyn^ dich vu), khdng phan
biet loai hinh dan vj cung cap djch vy.
- Ddi vdi cac ca sd cdng lap: nghien cim chuyen
ddi md hinh td chuc, hoat dgng cdc ca sd cdng lap
cung cap djch vu cdng theo hudng td chirc nhu
doanh nghiep (gdm doanh nghiep vi Igi nhuan,
doanh nghiep khdng vi muc tieu Igi nhuan doanh
nghiep cdng ich). Viec chuyen ddi cac ca sd cdng
lap sang hoat dgng theo ca che sir nghiep - tu chii,
tu hach todn, tu chju trach nhiem phdi dugc quy
djnh rd ve chirc nang, nhiem vu, pham vi tu chju
trdch nhiem.

Ba Id, dam bdo mdi trudng va dieu kien hoat
ddng binh dang giira cdc ca sd cung cdp dich vu
cdng. Binh dang trong vice cung cdp djch vu dugc
hieu theo nghTa rpng gdm ca tiep can cdc ngudn Iuc
ddu vao (thu hudng cdc chinh sach uu dai ve ddt
dai, diue, tiep can thong lin thj trudng...), qud trinh
tao ra san phdm mdi vd viec cung ung sdn phdm ra

thj trudng; binh dang trong viec tudn thii cdc lieu
chuan, quy chuan, djnh mirc kinh le - ky thudt, djnh
mii'c hao phi va gia djch vu eung nhu viec sir dung
ciing cu bao hiem va viec tiep can hd trg lir ngdn
sdch nhd nudc. Thuc hien quan diem nhdt qudn la
Nhd nudc ddn dat thj trudng bang chinh sach, phdp
ludt va can thiep vdo viee cung iing djch vu cdng
bang cdc phuang thirc cung img. De cd su binh
dang trong viec eung cap djch vu cdng, ben canh
vice hoan thien chinh sdch theo hudng khdng phan
biet ddi xir. can phdi ed giai phdp cu the, mang tinh
dpi phd dc cdc co sd cung cap djch vu cdng phai cd
su doi mdi can ban ve td chirc, hoat dgng, nang luc
tai chinh. Quy djnh ro Nha nudc can thiep khi cd
nhiing lha> ddi khdch quan nhu cdc yeu id lac ddng
den gid dich vu y le. trudng hgp gid djch vu cao han
mdt bang chung hoac khi thuc hien chinh sdch xd
hdi.,. Ngodi ra, che dp chju Irdch nhicm phdi dugc
lliuc hicn nghiem tiic vd Ihudng xuyen. Ciing vdi

- Ddi vdi ca sd ngoai cdng lap: Tao dieu kien
phdt trien cae ca sd ngoai cdng lap theo hudng thao
ga khd khan, vudng mac, xda bd phdn biet ddi xir,
phat huy vai trd ciia Nhd nude, hoal ddng co sd
ngodi edng lap; cdn phdi Idm ro ndi hdm binh dang
giii'a eac ca sd ngoai edng lap boat ddng vi Igi nhudn
vd khdng vi Ipi nhudn trong timg chinh sdch (quyen
huy dgng, phdn phdi, ldi ddu tu, nhugng quyen,.)
de cae ea sd ndy cd phuang thuc hoal ddng, huy
ddng vdn phii hgp vdi quy md, tinh chat hoal ddng.

B(}n Id, nang cao nhan thirc ciia ngudi dan ve
djch vu cdng va lao dieu kien de ngudi dan giam
sal chdt lugng, gid dich vu cdng. Nhu vdy, cdn phdi
tang cudng Iruyen thdng, gido due cdng ddng de
ndng cao nhan thirc cua xa hdi, viec tham gia xa
hdi trong viec sir dung, giam sal qud trinh cung cap
djch vu edng, Trong viec hoach djnh chinh sach
can phdi cd cdi nhin khach quan, khoa hgc, mdt
mat day manh ihuc hien chii truong phdt trien thj
Irudng djch vu cdng, mat khdc, can khac phuc sir
lech lac trong vice trien khai thuc hien nhiing chu
truong ciia Ddng trong phdt trien thj trudng hay
cdn gpi Id xa hdi hda djch vu edng: su ddng thuan
trong \a hdi, su quy^t tdm cao ciia he thong chinh
trj va trach nhicm ciia nhimg ngudi lam cdng tdc
cung cdp djch vu cong la dieu kien tien quyet trong

< 1 ^ Tap chi nghien cCfu Tai chinh ke'toan


(^d'05

(166)-2017)

TAI CHINH VI MO

viec thuc hien xa hdi hda bang cac mo hinh tfu'ch
hgp nham hudng tdi he thdng cung iing dich vy
cdng ciia nudc ta ngay cang da d^ng, chat lugng,
dap ung yeu cSu ngay cang cao ciia xa hgi.

Ndm Id, thuc hien cac dieu kien can thiet trong
viec thuc day phat trien thi trudng djch vy cdng:
- Ra roat, hoan thien quy hoach phat trien djch
vu cdng. Dich vy cdng gan vdi ddi sdng kinh te
- xa hpi ddi vdi timg dia ban dan cu. Mac dii, thi
trudng ndi chung cung nhu thi trudng dich vu cdng
cd phat trien ben vung hay khdng phu thudc vao
ban tay ciia Nha nudc trong viec kien tao, ki'eh hoat
thj trudng, dac biet ddi vdi thj Irudng djch vu.
Thuc hien viec tdng dieu tra, kiem ke, danh
gid, xdc dinh gia trj dan vj su nghiep (bao gdm: tdi
san, ddt dai, gia irj thuong hieu,...), Rieng ddi vdi
dan vi SLi' nghiep cdng cdn thue hien ca che giao
vdn va tai san theo hudng chju trach nhiem trude
Nhd nudc ve td chuc, hoat ddng, bao loan vdn, ldi
sdn nhd nudc eiia don vj.
Torn lgi, cd the khang djnh rang, phdt trien
thj trudng djch vu cdng eiia Viet Nam la tat yeu,
khdng nhirng thuc hicn Iheo Id trinh cam ket gia

nh|p WTO ma cdn gdp phhx nSng cao hifu luc,
hi^u qua tai chinh cong, gdp phan thuc day tang
trudng kinh t^ va dam bdo nhu cau ngay cang cao
cua ngudi dan. Viec hoan thien chinh sach cung
nhu cai each manh me h? thong cac co sd cung cap
djch vu cdng, ddng thdi tao mgi dieu kien cho cac
chil th^ tham gia thj trudng chinh la ddng luc thuc
day cai each ITnh v\rc dugc coi la nhay cam, cd tac
ddng den hau hh cac ITnh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hgi.
Lam tdt dieu nay cung ddng nghTa gdp phan giam

ddn ganh nang cho ngan sach nha nudc, thiic day
tai ca cau ngan sach va ng cdng quoc gia./.
Tai lifu tham khao:
Cam feel gia nhdp To chiic Thucmg mai The giai cua
Vi^l Nam ve linh vtrc dich vu (2007).
Cdc bao cdo long kel 10 nam 2006-2016 vi^c thifc hi^n
chil trirang, chinh sdch cua Ddng ve xa hoi hoa dich vu
cdc ITnh vuc y le, gido due, khoa hoc cong nghe, vdn hoa
the thao. ciia cdc bp' Y ti, Gido_ due vd Ddo tao, Khoa
hoc vd Cong nghe. Vdn hoa - The ihao vd Du lich (thdng
12/2016).
Bdo cdo ciia Hiep hoi Du hch VietNam (nam20l6).
Tdi lieu Hoi thdo Khoa hgc ve tdi chinh vai dich vu
cong (ndm 2016. Hoc vien Tdi chinh).

VIET NAM: 30 NAM THU HUT VA SU DUNG FDI
lu FDI Tir dd ngan chan dupe tinh trang cac du an
da dugc cap phep dau lu nhung khdng trien khai
thuc hien, ngan chan vd xir ly kjp thdi cac vi pham,
Ndm Id, day manh hoat ddng xiic lien ddu tu,
ddi mdi phuang thue, ndng cao chat lugng xuc lien
ddu tu Cdc nhd ddu lu nude ngoai thudng thieu
thdng lin ve thj trudng, sdn pham, ca che chinh
sach cua Nhd nudc.
Sdu Id, phdt trien ngudn nhdn luc. Thuc hien
dong bp, hicu qud quy hoach phat trien ngudn
nhan luc qudc gia giai doan 2011 - 2020, tdm nhin
2030 nham cung cap ngudn lao dpng cd chdt lugng
ngdy cang tdt han cho nen kinh tc. Xdy dung co
che, chinh sdch de thu hut nhdn tai, nhan luc chdt

luong cao. Xdy dung, ciing cd md hinh xa hdi hpc
lap. phai tricn md hinh hpc tap cgng ddng. Ddo
tao gan vdi nhu cdu sir dung ciia doanh nghiep,
! Id tro ngudi lao ddng thdng qua chinh sdch uu
Jai, khuv'cn khich doanh nghiep xav dung nhd d,
chung cu cho tliuc tai cdc khu cdng nghiep, khu
kinh tc Ddm bdo cac dicu kicn sdng cho ngudi

(Tiep theo trang 14)

lao ddng. Ben canh ddo tao tay nghe cung can dao
tao ngoai ngir va giao due y thirc lao ddng nhal Id
trong dieu kien hgi nhap qudc te.
Trong 30 nam thu hiit vd sir dung vdn FDl, Viet
Nam chil trgng nhieu han den tang trudng FDI
theo chieu rdng va dat dugc mgt sd ket qud nhat
djnh. Thdi gian tdi khi md lgi the nhd lao ddng gid
re va tdi nguyen ihicn nhien khdng cdn nhieu ciing
vdi yeu cdu ciia qua trinh hpi nhap kinh le qudc le
ngay cdng cao thi Viet Nam phdi chuyen hudng
thu hut va su dung FDI theo chieu sau, chii trgng
hicu qud, chdt lugng hon va sd lugng.
Tai lieu tham khao:
Tdng cue Ihdng ke (2000. 2005. 2010. 2013. 2014.
2015). Nien gidm Ihong ke cdc ndm 2000. 2005, 2010. 2013
2014. 2015
Then bdo kinh ti Viel Nam (2016). Kinh ti 2015-2016 lUt
\'am vd The gidi, \'ha xudt ban Hong Dire
Cue Ddu tu nuae ngoai (2016). Tinh hinh Ihu hut Jau lu
nuac ngodi 12 ihang ndm 2016

Nguyen Thi_Ai Lien (2011). M6i trudng dau lif vt'ri hoal
dong ihu hut von ddu tu nudc ngodi - Ludn dn iiin .»
Bill Thii) Vdn (2011). Ddu lu true tiep nunc ngoai (I'D!/
V&I viec_chiiyen dich cir cdu hdng xudt khdu hang Bdc Bo - Ludn dn lien sT

Tap chi nghien cdTu Tai chinh ke'toan <19>