Chiến lược sinh kế của người dân ven đô hà nội trong bối cảnh đô thị hóa hiện nay (phác thảo từ nghiên cứu định tính trường hợp xã tân lập, đan phượng, hà nội)

52

Xa hgi hgcsd3 (135). 2016

CHIEN L i r O C SINH KE CUA NGl/CJl D A N V E N D O H A N O I

T R O N G BOI C A N H D 6 THI H 6 A H i g N NAY
(Phdc thdo tir nghien ctiu dinh tinh trudng hpp xd Tdn Lfp. Dan Phupng Hd Ng
DOAN KIM THANG"

Tdm tit: Vimg ven dd Id nai ching kiin s{r dich chuyin mgnh ca cdu lao dpng tit
ndng nghifp sang phi ndng nghifp. Xu hudng ndyti-dnen mgnh mi han do vifc nhd nude
thu hdi ddt ndng nghifp tgi cdc xd ven dd nhu Tdn Ldp, Dan Phupng, Hd Npi di xdy
dyng cdc cdngti-inhhg tdng dd thf. Hdng logt hp ndng ddn mdt ddt canh tdc, phdi chuyin
song nghe mdi. Chiin lupc sinh ki Id vifc sti dyng hifu qud cdc ngudn vdn cug hp gia
dinh de Igo rg thu nhgp dn dinh vdphdt ti-iin sdn xudt. trong do cd vifC dya vdo ddt dai
nhu Id mdt til lifu sdn xudt quan tiipng Ben cgnh do, mpt diiu ghi nhdn Id, nhdm lao
ddngti-edang ed xu hudng rdi bd nghi sdn xudt ndng nghifp, di chuyin sang cdc hogi
ddng lao ddng tgo thu nhgptiisdn xudt phi ndng nghi$p nhiiu han.
THkhda: sinh ki, ven do, dotfiihda.
1. Gidithifu
Ddtfiihda Id mpt qud tthtfi tit yiu eua mpt xd hpi phd, friin. Qudttinhndy kfo tfieo
nhihig bifn do. Idn ve mpi m?,: kinh ti, xd hpi, vdn hda cung nhu tdm 1^ con ngudi. Vi
thyc chdt, ddy Id qud ttinh chuyin biin ttr t i chiie xd hpi ndng thdn tfidnh t i chiic xd hpi
dd th,.ttxingdd qud tthih ehuyen biin vi kinh ti Id co bdn. Nd khdng chi ldmtfiaydii
nhiing yeu to v§t chit, co d u kinh ti ciia xd hpi md cdn ldm tfiay dii sy phdn bi ddn cu
vd chuyen hda nhihig Idiudn miu cua ddi sing xd hf i. Sy phi biin ede gidfrivdn hda do
S;
?A 5 * ' ' ' " *
"^"^ " " '^^ ^^° '*'^" '^^" ^^"8 "«"g thdn cimg vdi sytfiiehnghi
khdng ding deu eua cu ddn dia phuong vdo qud ttinh ndy dd tgo nfn mft bdc ttanh da

i';it°"hS

" ' K ^ " ^ ' ^ " ^ " ^ ^° *^ ""^^ - " ^ e din bdn Sdc mdi cho mft khu vyc

vdn dong nhat ve nhieu mdt cua xd hpi ndng tfidn ttuyin thing.
a.„n t ^ ' n f"^ ? J ^ ' ^^ *^ ^^"^ ^^ P*^' *^^" ^° thi ciing Id mpt ding lyc phdt ttifn
r n S d i S I?
' ** ' ^ ^ " ^ - h ^ Hd Nii dd biin nhiiu khu v^c ven dd tSdnh khu
T v dii m t l ' ; S r "^l"'"''
' ""' " " ^ ^ ^ ^^" ^'- ^ ' "^'^ v « 1"^ trinh ndy Id sy
S S i T v I l ' t ' " ^ " ? ^ " " ^ ^ ' ° ' ' ' ^ ' " ^ " ^ ^ "Shifp. din biin dii khudn
mdu Id, song, Vdn hda, Phong tue, t4p qu^... Trong dd, chiin lupc sinh ki Id mft vin di
Vifnxdhdihgc

^ ^ ^ d c quan tdm. Bdi viit dua ra mit biie ttanh
ve Khudn mau irng xir cua ngudi dan ven dd Hd


Dodn Kim

Thdng 53

S n ? - " ^ ^'^«^/vng ddt vd vin lifn quan din vife ldm, tim kiim vife lam va tgo thu
nhgp eua ngud. dan ven ddttongbdi cdnh ddtfiihda.
rh»n,l!^.*'- ^ ""^^""^ "^ ^^ ^ ^ " ^ ^ " ^^ ^°ng eac nghifn cuu eua Robert
Chamber, vao giiia nhiing ndm 80 vd sau dd dupe Chamber, va C o ^ y phd,ttiintfifm

^fs^"b:^x'"'' '^T'^'' ^'^°""^^' '"'''• ^^ ^
'^"- ^^
u ednt 2 .

.
.
"*•' " " ^ " ' ^ ' *^ ^"P ^°" '»g«« ^^i nidt vd vupt qui
sy cang thdng va nhungtfiuongtdn, bdo todn hay tdngtfiemeac khd ndng va tdiZhifn
tgi vattronglaifrongbdi cdnh khdng phd hogi ngudn tai nguyfn ttr nhifn co bdn.
,in„ ^^ -L*?"' '".''"" '""* '^^ ^^" '*^'='^ " " ^ '^"^ Ph^t triin,frongqudfrinhndy ddi
ong nguoi dan a cd ndng thdn vd ddtiiidupe caitfiifnrd rft. Dii v« I g v7n dfbfn
cM^ cac hogt dpng sdn xudt ndng nghiep, cdng nghifp, tiiu thu cdng nghiep vrcde'dich
H | | v . the dan b, thu hpp Ig. vd cd thf bi mdt di do chuyin dii myc dich su dyng dit
dyng I d . ' ' ' " '

' "'''^'' ""'^ ^"' ""'"^ -"^^ " ^ ^ '^^ ' ^ -l^' di'^h vy^'xdy

Ha Npi Id mpt trong si cdc thdnh phi Idn d Vif, Nam dangfrongtiinfrinhcdns
ngh.,p hda (CNH) hifn dgi hda (HDH)
mgnh me. Ddtiiihda dd Jdpng'din n S ^ i
hp. fren cdc ITnh vyc khdc nhauttisu dyng dl, din xdy dyng, kiin ^ J nhd c t t i r t i "
b l diitr "
f t '^" " ' " ''^- ^ ' " "^ ''' ""^ '^ '^ ^^ ^vrtfiaydii mdtfruemg
b en doi lo, song vd phong n.e tgp qudn eua ngudi ddn. Tan Lap, mp, xd ven dd Hd m
cQng khdng ndm ngodi tinh hlnh neu
tten.
ven ao m Npi
Xd Tdn Lap thupe huyfn Dan Phupng, Ha Npi cd 16.646 nhdn khiu vdi 4 600 hd
dupe phan chia thdnh 4 thdn, trong dd 51% la nam gidi vd 49,0% nii gidi. Xded 132
nay T ^ d t d tT\'^ 'K"^ t " " ' ' ' " ^'' ''''' '^° '^''^ ^ ^ ^'- "^^ " ^ ^008 d n
7vl7- u
x l ^ " " ' " "*^"^ ^^ '^^' '^^ '^' ^'"'"^ ^*«=h cua nha nude vd chinh
xdy dyng 2 khu do th,, d.em cdng nghifp, xdy dyng Tnrdng Cao ddng Thuang mgi vd
h.iu CO sd hg tdng dd thi khde cua Hd Npi. Vifc thu hdi dit dd tde dfng din "dc hj

TT

xt Tu"^

r ''°"^

""'•'''' * ^ ^^^^ ^"^ ^^t. Tan Lap cd dy dn 2 khu dd

... 1 . ^ ^ ^
' ' ' ^^' "°"S "Shifp. Dy an Tdy Nam d n gidi phdng mdt bdne
h m 40 ha; dy dn trudng Cao ddng Thuong mgi ttfn dia bdn phdi gidi phdng md b t g
4 ha; dy dn d.fm cdng nghifp phdi gidi phdng mdt bdng them 5 ha. Tit cd c r d y l f
ndy diu theo quy hogch eua thdnh phi Hd Nf i. Trong tuong lai khdng xa difn tieh dit
nong nghifp cua xd ed thf edn hitfiuhpp ddng kf do qud «nh dd th hda e t hu do
c ' r C a d l ' d t ^ h l t ' '''' ^^ ''' ^' '^ -

^ - ^^

-^ ^ - s i n h l t t


54

Chien lupc sinh ke ctia ngudi ddn ven dd Hd Ngi..

2. Chien Ivpe sinh ke ciia ngirdi dan ven do trong boi canh do thj hda
2.1. Chien lu^c sinh kid,ra vao sddimg ddt
Chien lupc sinh ke la vifc sii dung hifu qud cdc nguin vin eua hp gia dinh di tgo ra
tfiu nhdp dn diitfi vd phdt triin sdn xdt, ttong dd cd vifc dya vao dit dai nhu Id mpt tu
lifu sdn x d t quan ttpng (Nguyen Thi Kim Hoa, 2000). Dd tfij hda (DTH), md mft trong

nhiing bieu hifn cy the la vifc thu hdi dit ndng nghifp cda cdc viuig ngoai thdnh dd bupc
ngudi ndng dan thay ddi ede hogt ddng sinh ki vd sdp xip cdc hogt dpng nay thdnh mpt
chien lupc cho gia dmh. Dk bdo ddm duy tti sinh ki, eac h i gia dinh ndng ddn d n phdi
tinh den tat cd cac khd ndng ma hp gia dinh cd dupe nhu: tdi sdn dit dai. nha eua. tiin bac.
siic khde. nghi nghifp den cdc mii quan hf xa hpi (vin xd hpi) nhu Id nhOng diiu kifn
can vd du cho hogt dpng song eiia hp gia dinh.
Qud ttinh DTH la qua ttinh md rpng do tfii. ttong dd eac diim dan cu ndng nghifp
ttdttfidnhcac khu dan cu dd tfii. Ngudi dan lam ndng nghifp phdi chuyin doi nghi nghifp
do nhihig bifn dii ve dit dai san xuit va mdi ttirdng sing. Qud ttinh DTH la sy biin doi
kinh ti - xd hdi da dgng. frong dd chuyin dii myc dich sd dyng dit. tfiay dii hg ting co sd
df^ddp img nhu d u lao dpng. ddi sing d dd thi. Theo si lifu eiia Bd Ndng nghifp vd Phat
trien ndng tfidn dua ra tgi hpi tfiao "Ndng ddn mdt dat - Thyc ttgng va giai phdp" ti chiic
ngdy 4/7/2011 tgi Hd Npi tfii ting difn tich dit bi tfiu hii trfn cd nude di xay dyng cdc
khu cdng nghifp vd dd tfij Id 366.000 ha (chiim gin 3,9% quj* dit ndng nghifp), tinh binh
qudn mii ndm cd mmg binh 73,3 nghin ha hi tfiu hii (Bp Nong nghifp va Phdt ttiin Nflng
thdn, 2011).
*
Vdi ngudi ndng dan, tai sdn dit Id mpt ttxing nhihig yiu t i quan frpng, quyit dinh
cdc hogt dpng tgo ra sinh ki. Qud frinh DTH vdi nhiing uu tifn cho sy diu tu phdt ttiin ca
so hg tang dan den tinh ttgng tiiu hpp dit canh tde, nipng vudn, ao chudm,tii?imchi nhd 6
la dieu khdng tiie ttdnh khdi. Vife gidm difn tich dit sdn x d t ndng nghifp dd din din
gidm nhu cau siic lao dpng d ven dd. Niu nhu ndm 2005. difn tich dit ndng nghifp cua
Tan U p Id 390 ha tiii den ndm 2015 difn tieh ndy dd gidm chi cdn 288 ha (UBND xd Tan
Lgp. 2015).
^
^ Do difn tieh ddt bi tiiu h?p ttong cdc ndm qua. nfn ca d u lao ding xd Tan Up
cung cd nhieu tiiay ddi. Neu nhu lao dpng tiiodt ly Idm cdn bO nhd nude kha in dinh ttong
' " S i i ^ i ^ llf"^
" ^ ^ ' ^ "ehi ty do ho$c ldm tiiuf Igi tdng Ifn ttong ede ndm tir
T IT.

?.l^l\-"
^'''^ " " " ^°°* ""^ *^^8 thiiu vifc ldm tdng hon so vdi cdc
ndm 2012 vd 2015. Ty ttpng tfiu nhdp cua cdc hp ddn ttong xd ciing cd nhihig tfiay dii
f!^' H - ' iTnT
'^ *^ " ° " ^ " ^ ' ^ P ^ ^ ^ ' "^" " ^ 2008 tfiu nh^p til ndng
nghipp chiem 20 0% so voi cdc ngdnh nghf khdc. thi tfidi diim khdo sdt 2015 tyfrpngtfiu
Cdc n t j T

^ ° ' ^ ^ V ' ' Chiim 43.6% (ndm 2008 Id 33,0%; ndm 2012 Id 39,0%).

tnjng ddng ke va ed sy g.a tdng frong cdc ndm til 2008 din 2015 (Biiu 1)


BodnKimThdr^

55

Hinh I. Sp th.) ddi vj cffcia b o doog va ti troag tha nfe|p t r
cic ngioh Dgh^ tai la Tan U p , 2008,2012 v i 2015 (%)

Khic

• 2015 •2012 •2008

Thikvijckm
Thlt nghiep
Lim due/ngh^ tvdo
Cin bo nfaa nu6c
Ttuong m^i va djch vy
Ti&u Ihu cdog nghiep

Cdng nghiep, Xiy dvng
NangHm/ngu i^faiep

40

45

''^'"••^'^"^^^exdTdnI4pndm2005.2012vd2015UBNDxdTdnLgp,DanPhugng.HdNgL

A . K - ° ° 5 ^ tich dl, san xul, ndng nghifp dd bitfiuh?p, nfn cung lao dpng ndn« nrfiifn bi
S r ^ T h L H • " f ^ ^ã^ ^ ^ "*"' ô=^ tim kiim nhihig vifc ldm phi n d n g n S ^ S
S ? n h ? T ^ ; r h T r " ^ - " " ^ '"•"^-'"" <^' vdi ngudi dan d ^
m l ^
hda nhu Tan Lgp lafrmhdp hpc van vd tay nghftfidp,tfiiiuvdn... Nhiing lao dpng cd k S
ndngtf^oatly bm vifcfrongede danh nghifp. XI-nghifp nhu: dft may,Tda, xa??uS cT^
^ u d dp ttii. 20-35 tt«L Do vgy.tinhttgngtfiifuS n hifnld ewL h i l g l ^ l v«
cdc lao d$ngfrongxd. Vi tfii. sinh ki dya vdo dit vin dupe xem nhu m o T ^
T,
tning chiin lupc s m h k i c u a c d c h p g i a d ; ^ n d n g d d n , t t o t r 4 ^ i r £ ^
2 L I. Hifn trgng vi^c sir dyng dd, nhdm bdo ddm sinh ki
Mong muin sii dyng dit dai ciia cu ddn viing ven dd vdo mur Air-h c4„

-. ;=

ddy cho tfiay hon 80% so ngudi dupe hdi cho rdng hp ed mong muin su d r n i T ^ , ^ , - ^
duy tti vd phdt ttifn smh ki. Diiu nay cimg khdphThpp v d X c J ^ ^
^,
dpng^frong dia 1 ^ khdo sd, Cd gic gJ l d ning <^ J Z ^ l ^ l ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ 1 1
de hieu cua ngudi ndng ddn ndi chung vd ngudi dan viing ven dd nhu T ^ 7- ^ Tuy nhifn. nhom lao ding ttf mpt sd tim S s u s i l ^ i S ^ „ t J ^ T v ^ r "-"'.•
cdc doanh nghifp. xi nghifp ddng ttfn dia bdn xd nhu: h i d T L T s ^ x d ^ d i l T "

xdy dyng... Cho din ndm 2015. ^ doanh nghifp
^nZllT^ZZtn'^^^


56

Chien luge sinh ki da ngudi ddn ven do Hd Ngi...

dpng ttong dp ttidi 20-35 mdi vdo ldm viec tai day. Mpt sd khde gdn bd vdi sinh kf dya
vdo ddt, vdi each lam theo hudng phdt trifn trang trgi ndng nghifp nhiiu hon Id san xuat
nhd nhu thdi Idm theo khoan hd.
"Mdy ndm trudc day ai md xin dupe vifc de di ldm ben ngodi cdc cdng ty. doanh
nghifp Id gdn nhu hdng ddu rdi Igo ddng nhu chung tdi md bdo di ldm ndng nghifp
the ndy thi it ldm. Nhd nude Idy ddt, nhiiu hd gia dinh con cdi phdi lao ra ngodi di
kiim viec lam. Tmh hinh hiin nay, kiim vifc ben ngodi cSng khd vd thu nhdp cUng
khd. rdi vdn di np Ida. rdi Id suy thodi kinh ti thi di kiim tiin ben ngodi thdy cUng
khd khdn, nen minh cdn ddt thi minh bdm vdo ddt di bdo ddm sinh sdng-'.
(PVS ngudi lam ttang tt^i, xd Tdn L|p)
Khi so sdnh vi sy teng gidm lao dpng ttting co d u lao dpng eiia xd. ki, qua cho
tfily lao dpng ndng nghifp gidm chi cdn hon 1/2 so vdi lao dpng tiiu tiiii cdng va khoang
1/5 so vdi tiiuong mai, dich vy. Theo si lifu tfiing ke eua xd Tan Lap ndm 2015 tfii hifn
tgi xa chi edn 2.000 lao ddng ndng nghifp, ttong khi dd lao dpng tiiu tfiu cdng nghifp vi
tfiuong mgi, dich vy Id 6.500 lao dpng.
2.1.2. Tm kiim cdng dn vifc ldm dn dinh vd dya vdo ngudn cua cdi tich iSy cua hd
gia dinh
Kit qua khdo sdt cho thiy ngudi ndng ddn sau khi nh§n din bii dd khdng muin sir
dyng tien den bii vdo ddo tgo nghe, ma hp muin tim mft nghe ndo dd cd tiii kiim tien
ngay nhu: chgy xe dm, hay budn bdn nhd... Mpt tiideh thiic Idn dii vdi ngudi dan ven do
Id du tiiiia lao dpngttxinggia dinh, d^c bift Id nhihig hp bj thu hii dit, do dd in djnh cong
vifc cho lao dpng gia dinh la mp, Ipi tiii, tfnic diy no lyc duy tti cua nhdm cd mo hinh

sinh ke dya vdo ndng nghiep.
"Gia dinh tdi vdn ldm lua. nhung quan trpng nhdt vdn Id trdng du dii tren nhiing
difn tieh ddt ndng nghifp khdng cdy lua dupe. Ben cgnh dd Id hd ao cd. xung quanh
xdy chudng trgi chdn nuoi gd vjt, chdn nudi bd di sinh sdn. Ngodi ra cSng cdn thdm
canh trdng mpt sd cdy, rau mdu khdc niia '
(PVS, hf ndng dan ed trang ttgi nudi thd cd)
Md Wnh smh ki dya vdo dit ndng nghifp ciing tgo diiu kifn tfiudn Ipi hon cho ngudi
ndng ddn dau tu Idu ddi vd mgnh dgn dp dung cdc phuong phdp sdn xuit' bin viing. Bfn cgnh
Jhk"" ^KA i i ^ T ^ ' " " ° " '*'° " ^ ^ ^^ '^ "Ivng dit ndng nghifp cOng chiim mft ti If
khong nhd. Dd la nhdm nhihig ngudi Idm kinh doanh, budn bdn vd tfiuong mai dich vy... c6
ttiu nhgp cao honttrvifc chuyin ddi CO d u vifc ldm do tdc dpng cua qud ttinh dotfiihda.
v,-.no !^'' r IJ^u"^* ?™^ ''^° ^^' """"S nhihig ndm 1990 hifn ttrpng mua bdn dit d cdc
2 i HT„ T- % ^fl^- " ^ ^ ' ' ' " '^. -^^ thi I6n dd ttd tfianh tiio Imi chung cua nhiiu
nSTdi^, •
u ^ " ^ 8*^ tii dfn chi gid ddt tdng cao, nhiiu ngudi ddn dd bdn mft
J^uc^ii T
"^^ " ^ - ' " ^ ^ " 6 - "^"y "^^' "h^'S ndm gin ddy ngudi ddn dd
d f S d n T T ^ - " " ^ ^ ^ ' " " ^.'^•^°'
^^ ^^ ^ " 6 8*^ -^htfi, cho nfn hifn ttipng ban
l e ? d ? n h ? r r l " ^ " "''^ '•'"• " ' ^ " "^y- " ^ ^ 8 "gtrdi ddn noi ddy tfiudng si
dyng ddt da. nhu Id mpt phuong tifn smh nhai nhu: ldm nhd cho sinh vifn hodc ngudi'lao


Dodn Kim Thing

57

dpng o nai khde dentfiuf,chotfiufddt dai di lam nha xudng hodc nhiing noi tfiuan Ipi giao
Aong tfu xay ciia hang cho tfiue. Da, dai viia mang lai co hpi ang tfiu nhgp, song ciing la
nguon tai san tgo ra sinh ke, tich liiy vd chuyin giao chiing cho cac tfii hf tiip tfieo

muc d f c ^ ^ v T ^%'^ -''^^ ^' ^^ •'""^ ' ' ^ "^ '^"^ " " ^ «hi mong muin chuyfn dii
Z . S u dd r ' t H ^ ^""^ " ^ ' ' P "^^ ^"""^^ ^
""^^ ^"^^ nhiiu ngudi dan quan
S
AZI
^^'^ ^^ ' ° '"^^ ' ^ ^ ° ' " ^ *^°°« ^ '^^y cia ngudi ndng ddn ttong qud
T^.t\^
l ^ S T , " ^ " ° ' ° ^ ' ^ "^"^^ '^"y *ri 'Vr i n dinh eua nghi sdn x d t
S t i S S t ^ ' ° T " " " ^ ' " " ^ * ^ ° '^^'^ ? ^ ^' "^y^ ^-^ <=hua mang Igi
ctfJin^^
-^
-' "'"•''^ """"^ ' " " ° " '^"y^" ^ ° ' -^^^ *'ch s6 dyng dit. Dd l l su
c S n S ' ' ° " ' V*-™"' '^^ ' ^ " ^ '=''° P**" ' ' ^ vdi viing dit ndng nghifp hifn ed,
chuyen Ckt nong nghiep sang md hinh ttang ttai, hodc vudn smh tfiai hole Song muin cd
tfie ehuyen muc diehsu dyng tir dat ndng nghiep sang ddt tfiieu.
2.2. Chiin litfc sinh kidyra khong difa vdo sir dung ddt
Viing ven do Id nai chung kiin su djch chuyin co d u kmh t i ndng nghifptfidnhphi
n ^ n ^ i P p (Nguyin Hihi Minh, 2003). Cd mpt sy dich chuyin co elu f o 5png m S
^ f t u d n g giam lao dpng ndng nghifp, Kng lao dpng cdc ngdnh nghi phi ndng nghifp.
Xu huong nay tro nen manh me han do vifc nhd nude tfiu hii dl, ndng nghiep tai cdc xd
mTt S i t ^ r ^Z^^^"^^
cdc cdng ttinh hg ting dd tfii. Hdng logt hf ndng ddn
Z L t- r t s !• ? ^ ''^"y.^" ^-g.nghf mdi. Qud ttinh tfiay dii co d u lao dfng d day
mang ttnh chat fp bupc phdi tfiay dii nghi nghifp hon Id mpt qud ttinh ttr phdt, do nguM
dan nhgn tfiuc vdty lya chpn nghi mdi md khdng cd dp lyc ndo tir bfn ngo£
cnn 1fio?S r , ^fP'V-^ " ^ ^ 'f° '^^"8 I ^ ndng nghifp gidm ttr 26% (ndm 2005) xuing
con 16/0 (2012) vd h.pn nay ehi cdn 8,14% (2015). Ben cgnh dd, khu vue kinh doanh
S'i^n'^o^no/ f ^ ' " f . ' ' ° " ! ; ° " S '° '^° "^^"8 "^ ^^ tdng ien dang ki, tti 33% ndm
2008 Ien 39,0% ndm 2012 vd 43,6% ndm 2015. Ndm 2015 ty If lao dpng tiiu tiiu cdng
nghippva tiiuang mgi, dich vy da tdng hon so vdi ndm 2012 va chifm 44.6% ttong ting

so CO elu lao dpng cua xd. Tdn Lgp la dia bdn cd nhifu cdng ty tu nhan dupe tiianh L vi
di vdo hogt dpng kf hi ndm 2005 den nay.
mm igp va
„ .., •'f^'" ^^' * ^ ° <=^c nhdm ttiii ngudi lao dpng. cho tfily nhdm lao dfng tte (20-35
nioi) nhin Chung khdng mudn Idm ndng nghifp. Tgi cdc vung ven dd. nhdm lao ddng tre
ngdy nay cd nhieu ca hpi vifc Idm ngodi san x d t ndng nghifp vd ed tfiu nh^p cao han
khong bap benh vi tin. nhdp so vdi sdn x d t ndng nghifp. Do v§y hp tfiudng hudng vifc
tim kiem nguin tiiu nhdp cho bdn tiidn va gia dmh d bdn ngodi dia phuong.
Z^T^fH-^^T^^r
^-Z^'^'' "^^ 'heo sdn xudt ndng nghifp. Do diiu ki^n sdn
xu&t kho khan. Tan Lgp la vung trung nhdt. rdn cua huyfn Dan Phupng ehi edy
dupe I vy,tinh hinh cdp vd thodt nude khd khdn, nhiiu chdn rupng thdp triing
Nhieu ao dpng tiong xd xin ldm tiong cdc doanh nghifp d tiong vd ngodi xd Xd cd
mdt so xuong thu edngtren dfa bdn xd nhu dft may, dd gd... Ben cgnh dd, mdt sd
'oolong vdn bam que huang a nhd ldm cdc nghi ty do nhu thp hd, thpmd. Zjtsd
dl lam bao vf cho cdc khu cdng nghifp... '.
^
(PVS can bp Lao dpng - TBXH xd Tan Lgp)


58

Chien luge sinh ki cda ngudi ddn ven do Ha Ngi..

Tuy nhifn. khi xem xet cac nhdm d cdc dp tudi lao dpng khac nhau, thi nhiing
ngudi khdng ed trinh dp nghf nghifp, ehi biet lao dpng chdn tay don gidn, vifc chuyin
sang cdc hogt dpng tgo thu nhdp ngodi ndng nghiep thudng la cdc vifc lam trong khu vyc
phi chinh thiic, khdng dn dinh.
"Mdt bdphgn Igo dpng tre chpn vifc, chdn nghi ndy thi Igi di ldm nghi khdc (nhdy
vifc), liic ldm nhdm kinh rdi Igi chttyin sang may mdc, rdi Igi nghi khdc... Cd nhifu

nguyin nhdn vi tinh trgng ndy. mdt Id chd ldm khdng dii thu nhdp chdng hgn thi Igi
bd; mdt khdc do trinh dp cd hgn nhimg di ldm lai mudn cd luang cao thi Igi khd cho
chinh bdn thdn minh vd doanh nghifp su dyng lao dpng, mdt sd Igi khdng thich lao
dpng phd thdng'.
(PVS edn bp Dodn Thanh nifn xd Tan L$p)
Mpt tiiyc te Id cdc doanh nghifp diu ttr vdo khu cdng nghifp ttea dja bdn xd Tan
Lgp dd tfiu hiit khd nhieu lao dfng dia phuang vdo ldm vife. Tuy nhifn. tfiyc ti khfng
phdi khi ndo lao dpng dia phuang cung gdn bd nhifu vdi eac doanh nghifp ndy vi luong
vd ngudn tfiu nhdp khdng cao. Ben cgnh dd. mpt van di khac Id nhiiu lao d§ng ttf dd
quen vdi kifu lao dpng ty do nhu lam rupng. khdng tfu'ch nghi dupe vdi phong cdch ldm
vife kieu cdng nghifp ttong cdc doanh nghifp, nfn tinh ttgng nhdy vifc vl chdn nan
lmmg tfilp dd xdy ra. Bfn cgnh dd, dii vdi nhihig ngudi lao ding Idn hiii co hii vifc ldm'
di. vdi hp Igi cdng khd, nhit Id khi hp bi mit dit ndng nghifp, khdng tfii tiip n.c Idm
ruing dupe niia. Vifc ddo tgo nghi cho hp ciing nhu co hii kiim vifc Idm mdi Id ilt khf
khdn vd khd khd tfii.
"Trong khu cdng nghifp thi thudng sti dyng nhiiu lao dpng phd thdng Vdi nhOng
lap ddng cd tay nghe. k^ thudt thi luang cao han, nhung cQng tuy theo mdi doanh
nghifpddt ra theo yeu cdu ciia hp. Lao dpng tie thudng hay nhdy vi^c vi thu nh^p
thdpva cd nhiiu lya chpn han nhiing lao dpng a nhom tudi khdc, nhdt la nhiing
nguai lan tudi han ".
(PVS can bp Lao dpng - TBXH. xd Tdn Lgp)
Cd tfii ndi. kit qud nghifn cuu tgi Tdn Lgp dd cho tfily mpt biie ttanh khd sinh dpng
tl i ^ h 1^ "Z u^.'^uf 'It^ ^
-l" thi hda. Diiu ghi nhgn Id. nhdm lao dpng frf dang
^ xu hudng rd. bd nghe sdn xudt ndng nghifp. dk chuyin sang cdc hogt dpng lao dpng

Snh
d^t
hda?"
"'V^^

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P'^Npi^'y^t. khi u^
tnnh do
tf^ hda
dang"f»'"'
dien ra manh
me d cdc
tfianh
phi^^y
Idn,^^S
trong'^dd-^^
cd Hd
3. MO, si tde d?ng eiia thi chi din chiin Ifryc sinh ki eua ngwdi dan ven di
vd p h ^ ^ ' M n t ' ' " . ' - ' ' * ' f

**^" ' ' ^ ' " ""''= ' ^ ^^ *=^ "°"8 '^

ven dd Id da dgng

n i i S ^ c t v T c S ' l ' ^ ' - T . ^ " ''•^'^"^ ""' ^^"8 ^^ -^^c npi dung d n di cgp khi
Twinray
" ' ' " ^ ' ^ '"^ "'' ""^ ^'^ ^"^ ven dd ttong bii cdnh dd thi hda


DodnKimThdng

59

din ^ 7 o T c ! ^ T T

I ' ' ^ ' ^ ' " ' ""^^'^
'^'^ '^y ^ ^ *=hung tiianh phi
N L T ^ i i h u i * f S ™ ' *""' *"'" ^ " ^ P"" * ^ ^ ^ ^ 8 Tdy, Tdy Bdc vd N L .
^ T o t ^ ^ t "
^ ^ " " ' ^^ " ^ '•"*°8 ^
°^^" ^^n sinh ki hp ndng ddn
Z T '
1 ^^ ' ^ " ^ " " ^ - ' ^ ^^V'^ '^^°- Cfing theo quy hoach tiiu dd M din ndm
2020 neng khu vyc tiidnh phd ttung tdm difn tt'ch se tdng Ifn gdp ddi. khoang gdn , 3 ^
kttoang 130.0S
a T1 an
r i Lap
Z (( Fhu
^ 3ttrong
- ^ r Chmh
H - \ phu.
' ' r 2008).
**" ^
CO^xa

P*^^ ^^y ^^ P " ^ «^«= * ^ P h f S n g , S

Cdc cluen lupc kinh ti dd tiii ttong nhiiu ndm qua vin tdp ttmig chu yiu vdo tdng
, P' "^J" ""f"/^^ ^"^ dyng nhieu, tiiam dyng lao ddng, nhmig tiiu hut lao ddng tai chS
ci^itfueu. Ben cgnh dd, vf phia cdc doanh nghifp e ^ g dua ra nhiiu q i ' ^ S he
lam ydti^unhgp do. vo. nong dan khu vye bi lay dit canh tdc phyc vy cho san xuit cdng
» ? P - C a c quy dinh ve dp ttioi dupe ttiyen vdo doanh nghifp dii v ^ l a o dpng phi thdnf
^ o n g ttong khoang 20-35 ttidi, nfn nhiiu lao dpng chu chit ttxing ede hp ndng d i n ^ I I
d« 1^ tten dp ttidi^y vd khd cd tiii ttd tfidnh cdng nhan ttong L

dolTJntZ
nua dp ttioi eua nhiing ngudi ndng ddn bi ml, dl, ciing tfiudng cao. khd ed tfiiSi di h ^
nghe ddp ung vd. nhu cau eua ede doanh nghifp ttiyin chpn ifo dp^g. Be" ^
dd Z
L f
' K°' ^ u " ! ? "^ ' ' ' ^ ' " " ã**>ô '^ -^^"816n tt.di d ndng tfidn c i ^ ttiiS^
^ huong riia dinh din chuyfn ddi eo d u nghi nghifp cua hp. D^fu dd cd d ^ h u L '

Lt'SLfXlTuCg^-r ' "' "^'" "" ^ ""^^ ^"^ "-^ -"« P^'
Trfn tfiye , i . cdn tfiiiu sy phii hpp, gdn ki, quy hoach dd tfii vd cdc khu edne
nglupp vo, quy hoach tdng tfif phdt ttiin kinh ti - xd hpi dia phuong Diiuld t r ^ d t
nhieu bat egp ttong quy hogch ddt ndng nghifp quanh khu cdng nghi'fp vd dd t h r M i t S
^ i ^ " ' H " ' ° T - ' ^ ^ " ^ "^i^".^
"'y •^°°8 .hi tiip tt.e san x d , h j d u
tutfiamcanh chuyen do. edy ttdng. Nguin vin tdi nguyfn cua hp bi ml, hodc gidm g i d ^

dL dir

'^'^' "" '^ ^''" '"'^ '"^^ ^ "^ '"^ "^^^ hp^'^a'ii^

n^n . l ^ t t t , ^ " " ^ " ^ ^ P '^.^"8 dua ra nhiiu quy djnh chdt che vi sii dmig lao ddng
nen anh hudng khong nhd dfn van de tgo vifc ldm. sy i n dinh vifc ldm vatfiu S t e dii
vo. nhiing hp ndng ddn bi liy dit canh tde phyc vy cho sdn x d , e d ^ £ L ^ 1
dyng eac khu djch vy tfiuong mgi. Mpt ttong cdc quy dinh dd Id vi d p ' S u p c Lyln
vdo doanh nghipp Do. vd. ao dpng phi tfidng. ede doanh nghifp tfiudng ttit^X E
ttong khoang ttr 20 - 35 tt.di. nfn nhifu lao dpng chii c h i t T n g c a c ^ n S T ddTw Z
ho. da,atten dp ttidi ndy se khdng tfii ttd tfidnh cdng nhan
ttong'cdcd^nlutdtc
nh.>„a^!! ^ t ^ ^ Cdc CO quan chuc ndng dia phuong ciing chua tfiyc sy quan tam cd
nhihig CO chi kiem tta, ddn die cdc doanh nghifp ttiyin dyng, d d T , ^

^TdZ^Z


60

Chiin luge sinh ke cda ngudi ddn ven dd Hd Ngi..

phuong. Day ciing dupe xem Id rdo cdn df cdc lao ddng dia phuang tifp can. tham gia trd
tfianh lye lupng lao dpng eiia cac doanh nghifp ddng trfn dia ban ciia dia phuang.
4. Ket lugn
Tdn Lap Id mpt xd ven dd cd qua trinh do thj hda nhanh. ehi trong it ndm gin ddy
n d t Id til sau ndm 2008 ciing vdi qua trinh thdnh phi thu hii dit di phat triin cdc cym
cdng nghifp vd khu do thi. difn tich dit ndng nghifp da bj thu hpp dang ki.
Qud trinh DTH cung dan tdi sy thay doi cac nguin luc ciia ede hp gia dinh d Tdn
Lgp. trong dd ed vin tdi nguyfn ( d t dai) vd cdc ngudn vin khde (chua dupe dh cgp ttong
bai vift nay nhu: vin xd hpi. vin con ngudi. von tai chinh...). Tuy nhifn. sy tac dpng ndy
Id khdng ding diu do cdc cym (cdch phdn chia hanh chinh cua Tan I4p) ttong xd difn
tich d t hi tiiu hii ed khdc nhau. Do dd. ede chiin lupc sinh ki hp gia dinh d cdc cym nay
ttong xd ciing khdc nhau. Dii vdi nhiing nai bi mit nhifu dit canh tac, chiin lupc chii yiu
cua hp gia dinh Id ehuyen dii ttr nghi ndng sang phdt ttiin djeh vy nhu: lam nhd cho sinh
vifi^ lao dpng ngodi xd ldm vifc d eac doanh nghifp ddng ttfn dia bdn xd tfiuf d ttp.
Chiin lupc ndy dya ttfn ca sd ddp img nhu d u cua tiij ttoidng do qud ttinh DTH mang
Igi. tfiyc hifn vife chuyfn dii nguin vin dit dai sang nguin vin tai chinh, v§t chit. Dii
vdi nhihig noi dat bi tfiu hii it hodc khdng bi mit dit, chifn lupc sinh ki cda hf gia dinh
Id ddp ling nhu d u tfii frudng nfi tfidnh ngdy cdng tang nhu: phdt ttiin tting rau qud, hoa
hroi cung cap cho npitfidnh,mpt si hp khdc phdt ttiin vife budn bdn nhd vdi vifc di cu
con Idc giOa dia ban xd vd khu vyc nfitfidnhdi phdt ttiin kinh ti hf gia dinh.
^ Tuy v§y, qud tthih biin dii chiin lupc sinh ki hp gia dinh d Tan L$p chd yiu vSn
dien ra mft cdch ttr phdt, tfiiiu sy hudng din, dinh hudng, diiu chinh vd cdc tde dfng cd
hifu qua eua bp mdy chinh quyin, cdc doanh nghifp vd cdc t i ehiic xd hii d dja phuong...

Do vdy, cd tfii khdng phdt huy dupe cac nguin lye vd sy chuyin ddi mpt cdch hpp ly cdc
ngudn lyc, ciing nhu hgn chett'nhhifu qud ciia vifc tfiye thi cdc chiin lupc ndy.
Tdi lifu tham khao
B« N«ng rji^p^vmi. ^^r, Nftng .h6n. 2011. H^i Uiio "Nflng dSn ink di. - Thyc trgng vi giii phip"

"'"'"TDSDi^^'loX^i'?^^^^^
""""*" ISi'^J!°h™*T- ^"^ T^ t - ""* '^'^ ^' * ' "'*'' '»^"'''"'' '^ "0 gia dinh ndng thfln (Nghitn
cihitraemghppWIngventhixaBScNinh^T-dpc/i/A-J/KS/Apc, si 1-55-61

'''"''"'l^.ZchuS;^%'',7.r'''''^^^^^
"^^ * ^ My
C l dvng
l i J /vilng
le ™
^^t^'^l''^"^-^'
"^ynhin
°' *din
^ 8nim
05 nim
Thu da
Hi N^i din nim 2020 vi tim
20502008 Phe duye,
''> Quy
^ f ho^h
"^
UBND Xi Tin L«p. Dan Phu^g. Hi NOi. 2015. S6 lieu th6ng ke kinh ti - xi hOi xi Tin Up nim 2015.

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