Báo cáo khoa học: Tăng cường tính hiện đại cho lý luận văn học potx

VAN H6A NGHg THUAT TROMC
MlflPg
Tang cuong
tinh
hien flai
cho iy iuan van hoc
PHiroNG Liru
K
hoa hpc
tir
nhidn va khoa hpc xa
hdi da danh la rat khic nhau,
nhung cring ddu la khoa hpc, cho
ndn vin cd the giao thoa tuong tic nhau tren
nhung nguyen tic chung nao dd. Toan hpc,
mpt bp mPn hau nhu rat "ddi lap" vdi van
hpc,
nhung that ra cd ly thuye't vd loan hpc lai
gdp phan giai thfch rat sau sic cho dac trung
cria van hpc nghd
thuit. Dd
la
ly thuydt
loan tap md cua L.A.
Daddc, Hoa Ky, gdc
Iran. Nam 1965, Png
xac lap duoc nhring
phuang trinh, ham sd
vd bidn dp cria nhung
cai khPng xac djnh.
Trdn co sd dd, ong

cdng tac vdi nhring
ddng nghiep Hoa kidu
xay dung mdn Idgic
md hd. Day la mdn
Idgic da trj, phi cd dien
(nonclassical logic) rat
khic vdi
Ipgic
cd dien cd tfnh chat don trj vdi
nhring quy luat rat chat che nha't quan. Luat
ddng nha't cho ring sy vat phai ddng nha't vdi
tu thin nd - A chi cd the la A thdi, khdng the
la cai gi
khae.
Luat mau thuin, ndi dring hon
la luat khPng mau thuin, cho ring sy vat
khong the khong phai la nd - A khdng the
dong thdi lai la B. Luat bai trung cho ring da
khdng phai the nay, thi phai the kia, chri
khdng the vria the nay lai vua the kia Nhung
Cud'i
TK
XIX, Anghen da tung ndi dai
y rdng, can ldm cho ehu nghia duy vat
bien ehung ludn ludn ed khudn mat
mdi me cung vdi nhung phdt kien vi dai
eua khoa hoe tu
nhidn.
Cho nen khdng
phdi ngiu nhien md nam 1914, Lenin

lai du bdo: The ky XX se xuat hien
edng manh me phong trdo khoa hoe tu
nhien xdm nhdp vdo khoa
hpc
xa
hdi'd).
Vdi tu each Id bo phdn ra't nhay
cdm trong khoa hoc xa hoi, iy ludn van
hoe,
mudn tang cudng tinh hien dai,
khdng the bd qua xu hudng ndy.
quy luat nay ve co ban la dung vdi nhung sy
vat va hidn tupng dn djnh, hay la nhring trang
thai dn djnh cua su vat va hidn tupng. Nhtmg
chring td ra khdng du dring vdi nhung sy vat
va hien tuong trong trang thai khdng dn djnh,
ma trang thai nay thi rat phd bie'n, bdi vl sy
vat ludn ludn tuong tac va chuyen bidn, dn
djnh chi la tam thdi va
tuomg
dd'i.
Chfnh vi the
ma can thiet den loai
Idgic ma hd, la loai
Idgic xac xua't dring
vao viec phan doan
nhung kha nang cdn
mo hd, chua that xac
djnh, nhan nhan trong
ddi sd'ng, the hidn

ngay trong ldi ndi
thdng thudng: "Dang
em rat dep", "Anh ydu
em lim". Dang dep,
nhung ba vdng do la
bao nhidu? Ydu lim,
nhung cd
dupe
nhu
chang trai trong
chuydn bdng hoa dai "forget me not" bdn bd
sdng Danube khdng? , ta't ca, ta't ca ddu chua
that xac djnh. Ta't nhien day chi la nhring thi
du
cue
ky gian don. Cdn logic mo hd that sy
la mpt nguydn tic nhan thric luan de phan
doan cai tdng the da trj van ddng bdn trong
cua su vat, cung nhu trong quan he giria
nhring su vat vdi nhau, girip cho viec nim bat
sat dring ban cupc sdng da dang phric tap va
ludn ludn van dpng phat tridn. Didu nay qua
[||S5300
Thang 6-2009
VAN HQC -
NHjgp
ANH
cd gdp phan lam sang rd hon dac trung cria
van nghe, girip cho nghe thuat ty tin de phat
huy them dac trung cin cd cria

minh.
Nghe
si,
trong dd cd van thi
si,
cring khai quit cupc
sdng, nhung khdng bing nhring cdng thric,
khai nidm, cring khdng bing nhring hinh
tupng minh hpa theo logic don trj, ma la
nhung hinh tuong sdng dpng hriu co vdi tu
each
la nhring
brie
tranh thu gpn cria chfnh
cupc sdng.
Brie
tranh, hidn nhien khdng tuyen
bd thuyet ly, nhung ty nd da chria dyng nhring
cai gi xac djnh ben canh nhung cai khdng
hoac chua xac djnh, cdn mo ho, lam cho
ngudi dpc cam nhin duoc cupc sdng loan dien
va lung linh sinh dpng ban. Ta't nhien can
phan biet hai loai mo hd, mpt loai la do ti'nh
cha't mo hd trong khach the
dupe
nhan bidt bdi
chri the, mpt loai la do sy
u
tdi tri trong chri thd
bpc lp ra. LPgic mo ho la mo hd cung cd Idgic

cria nd, chri khdng phai bat cri loai mo hd phi
Idgic nao. Nha van cring phai the nghiem,
nghidn ngim nhidu lim, mdi dua ra dupe mpt
brie tranh ve bing Idi sdng dpng, phric tap, da
chidu, didn hlnh cho mpt trang hud'ng nhan
sinh, chri khdng phai la mdt md hdn dpn tap
pi lri. Trude day chring ta thudng cho tu duy
cria nghe
.si
la tu duy hlnh tupng, nhung ve sau
cring cam thay la nd vin khdng the nao hoan
loan tich rdi
\ di
tu duy Idgic, nay dudng nhu
cd the thiy them trong nghe thuat, didm giao
kdt giria hai loai tu duy dd chi'nh la logic mo
hd va chring tdi da dua didm nay vao giao
trinh trong the ky mdi de giai thieh co tfnh
chat bo sung them cho hai menh de "van hpc
la nghd thuat ngdn lri",
"xan
hpc la nhan hpc"
- ngdn ngri van hpc la da nghia, tac gia va
nhan vat van hpc phai da dien (2).
Ly thuyet he thdng dudng nhu rat quen
thupc va thudng dring dd "trang hoang" d
muc phuang phap luan trong cac luan van,
luan an, ma khdng thay
dinh
dang gl den npi

dung dupe tridn khai. That ra khi chuyen hoa
ly thuyet he thdng thanh phuang phap tidp
can,
thi
phai cu thd hda nd thanh nhring
nguyen tic luan chring gdp phan cau tao npi
dung cdng trinh. Mudn the phai hieu rd ngpn
ngudn, cdng dung cring tidm nang phai sinh
cua nd, nhung didu ma ban than chring tdi cd
trai nghidm phan nao. Van dd he thd'ng ma
kdt tinh
dupe
thanh ly thuyet la bit ngudn tri
khoa hpc tu nhidn, cu the la tri quan niem cria
nha sinh vat hpc ao Ludwig Von
Beriallanffy
(1901-1971). Trong cdng trinh cd tfnh chit
kinh didn Ca sd, su phdt trien vd dng dung
cda ly thuyet he thd'ng pho thdng, dng cho
ring bat cri sy vat nao cring nim trong mpt he
thd'ng nha't djnh, cho nen phai xem nd nhu
mpt ydu td cua he thd'ng dd dd nghien crin.
Bat ky hieu nang chinh thd cria sinh vat nao
cring khdng hd la ldng cpng chat lupng don le
dri la cua lit ca cac te bao. Hieu nang chinh
the cria he thd'ng khdng bao gid bing, ma ldn
(hoac nhd) ban tdng sd hieu nang cria
timg
ydu td, vl nd cdn triy thupc vao hieu
lye

trong
quan he giria cac ydu
Id
vdi nhau cring nhu
vdi chinh the eua ca he thd'ng
Tinh
thin nghien cun he thd'ng nay thay cd
da'u an trong nhidu cdng trinh ly luan van
hpc.
Roman
Ingarden
da phan tfch kdt ciu
cria tic phim van hpc theo bdn tang bac
(hoac yeu td) nhu sau: 1) Ting bac ve
hien
tuong ngdn ngri, ty am cria chri viet cung ciu
tao ngdn ngri tren ca sd ty am dd, bao gdm
am luat, ngri dieu ; 2) Tang bac vd don vj
ngri nghia, bao gdm tri, cau, y nghia eua doan
mach cring cae cap dd khae cria ngdn ngri;
day la tang bac trung tam, lam thanh cai
khung kdt cau cua loan bp tic phim; 3) Ting
bac khach the
dupe
tai hien va trien khai
trong tring cau chri vd nhring trang thai su vat
hriu quan mang tfnh thuan y hudng, trie la
nhring cau trin thuat hoac phan doan vd
nhring con ngudi, canh vat, sy kien lam thanh
the gidi hu cau trong tie pham; 4) Tang bac

md thric hda, bdi vl khach thd trong lac pham
chi xuat hien dudi dang md thric. nghia la chi
ban che trong mpt sd phuang dien co ban.
Cdn nhieu phuang dien khic lai tao thanh
nhung
"c'idm
khPng xac dinh", chd dpi ngudi
dpc den lap nhring 16 trdng dd Theo
R.Ingarden,
mdi tang bac
ndi
tren ddu cd
nhring "thupc ti'nh vd gia tri thim my", nhung
Thang 6-2009
Sd 300
K|
VAN H6A NGHg THUAT TROMC
MIHOC
lai cung nhau ket thanh mdt ban "hda thanh
phric didu". Ridng ve kdt cau cua tac phaim tu
su, thi Tzvetan Todorov lai chia thanh 4 tang
bac:
1) Tang bac ca ban nhat la tri loai, danh
tri dai dien cho nhan vat, dpng tri dai didn cho
dpng tac, hlnh dung tri dai didn cho thupc
tfnh; 2) Tang bac thri hai la menh dd
dupe
cau
thanh bdi mpt nhan vat nao dd hanh dpng ra
sao vdi nhung thupc tfnh gl; 3) Tang bac thri

ba la mpt trinh ty
dupe
sip xep tri mpt sd
mdnh dd
(trie
la mpt
tinh
tiet hoan chinh); 4)
Tang bac thri tu la mpt loat
tinh
tidt hop thanh
mpt cau chuyen
That ra
each nhin
he thdng vdn cring da
cd trong chri nghia Mac. Ph. Anghen ndi:
"Toan bp ty nhien ma chring ta nim duoc da
tao ra mpt he thd'ng nao dd, mpt quan he tdng
the nao dd cria cac vat the. Tri thyc the d day
dupe
hieu la ta't ca cac thyc the vat chat, bit
dau tri cac vl sao va kdt thric bing nguydn
tri
Trong tmh hud'ng cac vat the nay cd
quan he tuang hd vdi nhau da bao ham viec
chring tic dpng ldn nhau, va chfnh mdi tac
dpng qua lai nay la van dpng" (Phep bien
chii'ng tu nhien). Cho nen khPng phai ngiu
nhien ma
trude

day kha lau cac nha ly luan
van hpc Xd viet nhu Kagan, Borev,
Khravsenco, Pospelov da cd nhring cdng
trinh nhu Phdn tich he thd'ng hodn chinh
ddi vdi tdc phdm nghe thudt, Lai ly gidi he
thdng mdt cdch hodn
chinh
ddi vdi tdc
phdm
vdn hpc, Suy nghi ve phdn tich he
thd'ng ddi vdi vdn hpc Ching ban, Pospelov
cho ring npi dung cria
tie
pham van hpc gdm
ba ting bac la de tai, chu dd, nhiet hung mang
y nghia
binh
gia; hlnh thric cring gdm ba mat
la sy midu ta cu the, he thdng ngdn ngri, ket
cau
tie
pham. Sy kdt hap hun co giua cac
phucmg didn nay trong npi dung va hlnh thric
se bieu hien thanh nhung the tai va trao
lim
khae
nhau trong van hpc.
Ban than chring tdi tri nhung nam 60, 70
cua the ky Irudc khi nhan nhiem vu giang day
roi tidp theo la viet giao trinh vd phin phuang

phap sang tac,
thi
bit gap ngay cai djnh nghia
chung nha't ve khai niem nay nhu: "Phuong
phap sang tac la nhung nguydn tac tu tudng-
nghe thuat
dupe
xac djnh bdi mdt
thdgidi
quan
nha't djnh trong nhung didu kidn ljch sri xa hpi
nha't djnh dring de phan anh (lua chpn, binh
gia, khai quit) cupc sd'ng bing hlnh tuong". Ke
cung kha diy du nhidu mat, nhung sao vin thay
rat trrin tupng. Kdt qua la khi ban vd chu nghia
cd dien
thi
theo tidu chf nay, vd chu nghia lang
man thi lai theo tidu chf kia, vd chu nghia hien
thuc lai theo mdt tidu chi
khae
nua. Sy khae
nhau giria ba phuong phap sang tac nay la hien
nhien, nhtmg khdng duoc do bang lieu chf nhit
quan. Bdi vl dring la hai vat cao to
khae
nhau,
nhung mpt cai lai do bing thudc mpc, mpt cai
bang thudc lay, thi kdt qua dri la
khae

nhau
cring la mo hd khdng chfnh xac. Chung tPi
nhan tha'y ring ndi dung cua phuong phap sang
tac phai duoc tieu chf hda ra thanh nhung
phuang didn cu the, cd nghia la phai xem ban
than phuang phap sang tac nhu mdt he thdng
cria nhring ydu td nhu nhan vat trung tam (npi
dung xa hpi ljch sri cua nhan vat); nguyen tic
khic hpa tfnh
each (trie
la phdp dien hlnh hoa);
nhring bidn phap nghe thuat tuong ring
(trie
la
thi phap, phan biet vdi nhung bien phap nghd
thuat trung tfnh ma nhidu phuong phap sang
tac
khae
nhau ddu cd the cring sri dung).
Cliie
chin day chua phai la chan ly cud'i cring, nhung
qua la rat hidu nghidm trong thao tac. Cu the la
khi dem ba
linh
vyc ndi trdn lam tidu chf de ddi
sanh chri nghia cd dien, chri nghia lang man va
chri nghia hidn thyc vdi nhau,
thi
mai den nay
vin tha'y rat rd rang va cu thd sy khic nhau, va

tu dd dac diem cua mdi loai hien hien len rit
sic net (3).
Giria nhung nam 80, trong xu the doi mdi
loan dien, va'n dd chric nang cua van nghd
dupe
ban bac sdi ndi, va cd nhidu y kidn mdi
dang quy. Tuy nhidn lai ngay cang Iring tring
trude
tinh trang mau thuin vi ndu ra rat nhidu
chric nang mdi cd phan hop ly, nhtmg vin cri
tha'y thidu. Ngupc lai, oai am thay ndu trd vd
vdi ba chric nang nhu cri, tuy rat ft, lai vin
tha'y thria, bdi vi dau chi van nghd mdi cd
chric nang giao
due
va nhan
thric?Tdi
cd dpc
them chrit it vd ly thuyet he thdng va
dupe
.•So
300
••Thang 6-2009
VAN HOC -
NHijS^p
ANH
bidt ring he thdng luy cd nhidu yeu td, nhung
trong dd cd ydu td hat nhan the hien
dupe
nhidu nha't ban chat va chric nang cria ca he

thdng, va cd tic dyng chi phd'i cac yeu td
khae.
Van nghd la thupc
linh
vyc
tinh
cam, va
ban chat cria nd thupc pham trri tham my.
Cho nen chric nang duy nha't mang tfnh chat
he thdng cria nd la bdi dudng
tinh
cam cho
con ngudi vuon den chdn cao dep, ndu bupc
phai ndi den cai xau xa, thap hen cung la de
canh bao ma tranh xa, cd nghia la cung gian
tidp hudng vd cai cao dep. Ndi duy nha't,
thi
lay dau nria ma thria, nhung cring khPng sp
thidu, bdi vl nd ham chria vd so chric nang d
ci'p dp yeu td. Nhung nhring chric nang nay
khdng the ty xac lap, dung rieng le vl dd cd
nguy
CO
ty diy
minh
sans
cac
linh
vyc
khae,

phi
nghe thuat. Chring mudn
tdn tai trong nghe thuat
phai dya vao co sd
tinh
cam tham my. Cd nghia
la trong chric nang cria
van nghd vin chria dyng
nhidu ydu to quen thupc
nhu giao
due,
nhan thric
hoae mdi ndu them sau
nay nhu
uiiu^
ti(
p, dy bao,
giai
trf ,
nhung phai hieu cho chi'nh xac va
toa.T
dien li
-'ido
due mot cdch co
tinh
cdm
thdm
iuy,
gun tri mot cdch cd tinh cdm thdm
my (4).

Bude vao nhung
nam
90, trong khi phai
phat tridn npi dung chuyen luan Ve quan
niem vdn chuong co Viet Nam thanh cPng
trinh hoan chinh Gdp phdn xde lap he thdng
quan niem vdn hpc trung dai Viet Nam, ma
ngay tieu de da co hai chri he thdng. the tat
bupc tdi phai hpc hdi them ve ly thuyet he
thdng, song khdng phai nhdi nhdt, gin ghep,
trang didm.
Trai lai phai nghidn ngim npi dung ly
thuydt ay, hlnh thanh cho
dupe
nhung mrii
tidp can cu the cd tac dung trong viec tao lap
npi dung va co cau cua cdng trinh nhu nhring
didm
dupe
liet ke sau day: 1) He thd'ng bao
Tir khoa
hoc tu
nhidn sang
khoa hoc xa hdi, nhd't Id nghidn
ciiu
vdn hoc khdng phai Id
su
true
didn
gidn

don, ma cdn ed nhiing
ndc thang tidp
bi^n.
Tuy nhidn
vdn dd' khdng phai ehi
la
nhiing
phuong phdp true tidp, md
ehii
ydu la each tu
duy.
gid cring la mpt ydu tP hriu co cua mpt he
thdng bao quit hon ; 2) He thdng la phric
hpp nhring ydu td mang y nghia
npi
dung co
lien quan vdi nhau, va tren co sd do, thudng
ndi len mpt yeu td hat nhan ; 3) He thdng
khdng bao gid dring yen, vl cac ydu td cua no
cd qua trinh phat sinh, phat trien, va tri dd
mdi tucmg quan giria cic ye'u td cung bidn
dpng ; 4) He thd'ng sd'ng dpng khdng bao
gid ddng kfn, ma la he thd'ng md, ludn ludn
"trao ddi chat" vdi cac he thdng tuong ring,
gin gui ; 5) He thd'ng ludn ludn chria dyng
nhring tieu he thdng, hay ngupe lai bat ky
mpt yeu td nao trong he thd'ng cring ty nd trd
thanh he thdng, nghia la cring bao ham mpt
cau trric cria nhung ydu td nhd ban va cring
tic dpng qua lai rit chat

che vdi nhau. Xin ndi cu
thd them rieng vd diem
cudi cring nay. Trong he
thdng quan niem van hpc
trung dai Viet Nam cring
nhu Trung Hoa, van
dl
tai
dao ehi la mpt trong nhieu
quan nidm, nghia la mpt
trong nhieu yeu to, nhung
ty nd cring trd thanh mpt
he thdng cua nhieu yeu to
cring quan he chat che giria chring vdi nhau,
can phai duoc khao sat eu thd va
ehi'nh
xac.
"Dao"
d day khdng phai la dao Nho ndi
chung, ma chi la ly hpc cria Tdng Nho, mpt
loai Nho hpc tuy cd nhieu
bude
tidn vd vri try
quan, nhung lai la mpt sy thoai Irii vd nhan
sinh quan. "Van" d day la hpc thuat ndi
chung, chu yeu la van nghi luan, chri khdng
phai la van chucmg tham my, nghia la khdng
cin phai that va dep. Mdi quan he giria hai
ben la "chd" va theo
each

giai thi'ch cua chi'nh
hai tac gia Chu Ddn Di va Trinh Di,
thi
van
chd dao nhu thuyen va
.xe
cha vat, do dd,
chi
la loai
qu^n
he co gidi, chri tuyet nhien khdng
phai la quan he bien chring giria npi dung vdi
hlnh thric. Nhu thd van
dl
tai dao chi la mpt
loai van chuong minh hpa thuan triy. Trong
Nho gia noi chung cdn cd nhieu kieu quan he
Sd
3001^1
Thang 6-2009
VAN
H6A
NGHg THUAT TROMC
MW^
khae
giua van vdi dao, va deu ft nhidu coi
trpng vai trd cua van nhu van md rdng dao
(van
dl
hoing dao), van Iam sang td dao (van

dl
minh dao), van quan thdng dao (van
dl
quan dao). Didu nay cd mpt y nghia phucmg
phap luan vp cring quan trpng, ft ra la d chd
khdng phai hd cri tha'y van nhan nho
si
nao
ndi den dao, la lidn gan cho hp cai nhan hidu
van
dl
tai dao! Dau cd chuydn dd dang thd'!.
Theo nguyen tic phan tfch he thd'ng, cdn ba
khau nua phai lam: phai xem hp chu truong
thri dao gl, hp quan nidm van ra sao, hp ly
giai mdi quan he giua van vdi dao nhu the
nao? (5).
Vria hpc vria lam. khdng bao gid tu
vira
long, nhung den day nhung tudng nhu the la
minh cung da nim
dupe
dai khai ly thuyet va
phuang phap he thd'ng, nhung hda ra chua
phai.
Bude
sang thd ky mdi, cd djp dpc thdm
nhidu tai lieu, hda ra cd ca mdt he thdng cua ly
thuydt he thd'ng, ma nhring didu vria trinh bay
mdi

chi
la mpt ydu td trong he thdng dd ma
thoi.
Ndi
each khae
dd la nhring loai ly thuye't
phai sinh tri ly thuydt he thdng, luan ban vd he
thdng d nhung cap dp va
binh
dien
khae.
Nria
diu TK XX, cring vdi ly thuydt he thdng da
xua't hien ly thuydt thdng tin cria nha loan hpc
ring dung Hoa ky Claude Elwood Shannon ma
ft nhieu quen thupc d ta, dai khai la ban vd mpt
he thdng khi truydn ba va
dupe
tiep nhan,
mudn dat ket qua tdi uu
thi
phai the nao.
Tidp
theo la didu khien hpc (cybemetique, Trung
Qud'c djch la ly thuyet khdng che") cring do
mpt nha loan hpc Hoa Ky Norberl Weiner
sang lap, luan ban vd sy didn bidn cria mpt he
Ihd'ng mudn giri mpt trang thai dn djnh tucmg
ddi,
khdng bj pha vd,

thi
can phai lam gi. Tuy
da trai qua ban nria
thdky,
nhung cac ly thuyet
nay, nha't la didu khidn hpc, chring ta chua van
dung
dupe
gl dang ke.
Ay the nhung nria sau TK XX lai tie'p tyc
xua't hien ba loai ly thuyet
khae
ve he thdng
hau nhu cdn hoan loan xa la vdi chring ta.
Trude
bet la ly thuydt hao tan (dissipation) do
llya
Prigogine, nha vat ly ndi tidng ngudi Bi,
sang lap, chuyen luan bin vd mpt trang thai
hdn dpn cd the cd kdt thanh mdt he thd'ng ldp
lang, nhung phai tieu hao nang lupng nhu thd
nao.
Thri hai la thuye't ngiu bidn (mutation,
Trung Qud'c djch la dot bien) do mdt nha toan
hpc Phap dd xua't, luan ban vd mdt he thd'ng
khdng durng ydn, ma cd tiem bidn, nhung
trong nhung trudng hpp nao thi xay ra nhring
bidn ddi bat ngd. Cudi cung la thuyet hop
nang (synergdtique, Trung Qud'c djch la
thuye't hiep ddng) do Heaken, nha vat ly nPi

tidng ngudi
Drie
sang lap, nghidn cun vd
nhiing he thdng gan gui cd the tich hpp (hieu
nang cua he thdng nay bidn thanh ddng lye
cua he thdng kia) de tao ra mdt hieu nang ldn
horn trong nhung didu kidn nao. Ta't nhien day
mdi chi gidi thidu qua loa so sai, nhung
nhring ly thuydt ndi trdn da va dang dupe gidi
nghidn crin van hpc the gidi chri y van dung.
Tri khoa hpc ty nhidn sang khoa hpc xa
hpi,
nha't la nghidn crin van hpc khdng phai la
su tryc didn gian don, ma can cd nhung nic
thang tidp bidn. Tuy nhidn van dd khdng phai
chi la nhung phuong phap
true
tidp, ma chu
ydu la
each
tu duy. Ddi mdi ly luan van hpc,
chring ta thudng thien vd nhring npi dung
quan niem, nhtmg that ra
each
thric tu duy
cung khdng kdm phan quan trpng. Bdi
vi
nhung quan nidm dri cd mdi me, hien dai ddn
may, nhung lap luan khdng chat che,
iPgic,

ngheo sic thai thao tac, didn dat khong rd
rang
thi
cung khdng may thuydt phuc. Mudn
tao lap cho nhung quan nidm mdi vd van hpc
mpt
CO
sd vung chic, khdng the khdng van
dyng
each
tu duy cua khoa hpc ty nhien TK
XX vdi nhung ly thuye't ngay cang hidn dai
cria nd J
RL
1.
Lenin todn tap, lap X. Nhdn ddn xuat bdn xd, Bic
Kinh. 1958,
ir.
189.
2.
Lyludn vdn
hpc.
tiip
I.
DHSR Ha
Npi.
2002.
tr.274-279.
3.
Lyludn vdn

hpc. lap III. DHSR Ha Npi. 2005. lr.l07.
4 Bien chung gida he thdng vdi yeu to trong
chiic
ndng cua
vdn
nghe. Vdn
nghe
sd
34-1988.
5. Gdp phdn xde ldp he thong quan niem vdn hoc
trung dai Viet nam.
N.xbG/tio
due.
Ha Npi.
1997.
ir.36.
So
300
Thang 6-2009