TÍNH KHOA HỌC VÀ NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI - NHÂN VĂN pdf

T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

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TÍNH KHOA HỌC VÀ NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI - NHÂN VĂN
Tr
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i hc C
Thông tin chung:
 02/01/2013
19/06/2013

Title:
Scientificity and research in
Social Sciences and Humanities
Từ khóa:

- 

Keywords:
Natural Sciences, Social Sciences,
Humanities, Scientific Method,
Scientificity, Criteria
ABSTRACT
Recently, the press says a lot about the state of our country's current
stagnation in scientific activity in general, humanities and social
sciences in particular. Many authors have mentioned many reasons
for this situation, which comes to the backwardness of scientific
research methods. To contribute to the improvement of scientific

activity in this field, the author of this article would like to introduce
some notion of scientific research in social sciences and humanities,
widely used by occidental scientists. He pays special attention to
scientificity and the scientific method that all work must respect.
TÓM TẮT



             

  
             




Th
i ta u v ng
  hin nay c c ta trong ho ng
khoa h
 -     
 c n nhi     
tr s k  qu
hay vi
n chn ch ci
-
n s lc hu v    u
khoa h
 p T   c c ng
i hc C      

nh kKhoa h
hc
cn v u
khoa h       
lun, th  ,
khin cho ch   u c 
u hn chc c

      khoa h  c.
Hy v 
nh v t, ho
s m ra cui, tranh lun khoa h
ho ng hc thut v     
i sc.
T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

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1 VỀ TÊN GỌI KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ
KHOA HỌC NHÂN VĂN
T  khoa hc i
ng ng   c
khoa hc  k thu
xy ra   p th gii
  y. Trong World Social Science
Report cng ch

 Theo  hiu c   
 c 
       xut hi
   dai d     

      thc
s    
1
(A. Kazancigil & D.
Makinson, 1999, tr.11).
ch si ta thy r
g sciences humaines 
c hc de Condorcet, v gia
v- 1794)
s dng lm Esquisse

humain
2
c vi ng thi
gian 1793-c khi t 
khi xut hi
m khoa hc t
chkhKhoa h
hi Khoa h 
n nhiu th k.  
truyn th
h      thi Hy Lp c i,
 u v 
ch c t khoa hc t gia th
k u k tha nhng
 u v    u trong
khoa hc t (1798-
1857) c
hi hc hii rng m khoa
hc t    

hin ra s bt n c   
 y c  a gi  


1



2
 
.
hi  i by gip  
       
h     ng kin thc khoa
hc v i bng mn cht
ch      c A.
i h
u to ln trong
vi 
c 
phn mnh m 
u th k 20.
,  Vi
thut ng  t hi    
min B       c
i thui hc Tng hi
3

t bn Khoa hi
d  ph

 t bn Khoa hc
4
.  min Nam c
i h
t   khoa h  i  khoa hc
     i hc C  i
i hc Lut khoa & Khoa hi (gm
), Vii
hc Vn Hnh vi 2 trong s 
khoa Khoa h  i    c &
Khoa h       u
    truyn thng   ch 
   o: i hc Khoa hc
ging d    c t  
       i hc
  ging d     a,
Trit, Ngoi ng     
khin thut ng  khoa hc c
hi khoa hc t   
2 HIỆN TRẠNG KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI –
NHÂN VĂN Ở VIỆT NAM


3

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phat-trin&catid=11:tin-tuc-khoa&Itemid=13 (tham

4
- 

  -  -   H TW  -
1954),   -  -     
(1955-1959), UBKH 
(1960-
-1966).
T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

32
       i 
-NV)  
 m   m tr    
tr  hin qua
nhi      ng chn
 tuyi hc
c ph th ca KHXH-
i. K thi tuy
t h  i
h  
h i (tc
4,43%). So v
n gn 8% (Hiu Nguy
ling).
 kii
ni bt qu thi tuyi h
 v a hot ng
khoa hc Vi ng xp hng
th gi   n m   
ng mnh mm lc mt s nhn
 tht
s m        

KHXH-      a Phm

 n khoa
hc t c k thu
         i
hi hi hc, lut hc
     n cho vic t
chng mt i hii m
Bich San, 2012ng).
i vi nht qu
c cng khoa hc kim chc
tric t li chm chp, phi
  o cng
h hc:
ng v rt ln ca lch s, sai
i tho khoa h
 ra nhiu lc bt
    c s   
       
mng).
Th  ng  ng
kin thc KHXH-    
 c
i, gii ch tham v
       a mt
 o B Khoa h     
ng lch l
       n, hay quy
ho       i thc
hin vic di dn

n xut. Hu qu 
 mt sn xut. Vic
t ch    ng cho h l 
p vi truyn thng ca hu qu,
  t mi
, h phi t di
d  
nhiu h lt phn
c i am hiu v
c m
cu, ho      c,
2010ng).
        i
hin nay li to ra nhiu bt cp cho KHXH-
NV, khi      t
chng m i phc
v cho nhng m
biu ca GS. Vi  n Ng  
mt cuc hi tho:
 Khoa h 
 ch 
 n, cn   , ch  i
 khen nhau! Nhi
qut qu u, xem
vi  u khoa h     
    c, 2010   
mng)
hon ca mi
th     p xp li h thng
 cho KHXH-NV

c B KH-CN t ch
ti TP.HCM:
 m nhn
-NV hin nay ch a cho
ch c ch 
c v  
 u thuc lo    t 
c, 2010ng).
Theo nh  a m    
      m quy 
T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

33
thc tr   h   khoa
hi cho
ra nh h
hi h ng nhiu kin
thun lu khoa hc:
 i cn
ti mt nghc
 li nhiu du c sn sinh ra
-70 khi chin tranh din ra
i sng vt cht kh cu
ki  u thiu th   
   liu m  n mi, nhiu
oa hc lng,
 t       u
ng).
H qu n phm c-NV
   

         i,
   c th gi   quanh
qu  t Nam. Nh
     Phm Duy Hi  

       m ba
ph n phm khoa hc na h
c tt
qu , r
bit. Trong nhiu thp k g  n mo
khoa h gi
       p c 
h    c t   ng
    t hin, khoa hc t
 
  ta. Khoa hi
i th gii 
(Phm Duy Hin, 2012ng).
 ng t  p ca KHXH-NV Vit
Nam mt ph   
hn ch v  ngoi ngp
c
 u ca th gi    t
qu u c 
c m nghim. C th  gi
 t cung t cp a KHXH-
c ta, Nguyn cho r
u v c trong
       ng
n chn ch:

    ng phn ln nh 
cu khoa hi  Vin dng
nh    c (scientific
 c
thit k  lin
gii d liu [ ]. Nhng thi   
  n ch    
 qu 
  
h  i quc t    n,
2011bng).
V 
c trong KHXH-n
 then cht c     t c
     u KHXH-NV,
 n ci thi a v ca khoa h c
ng quc t.
3 TÍNH KHOA HỌC VÀ PHƢƠNG PHÁP
KHOA HỌC TRONG KHXH-NV
       ng
 vu
KHXH-ng  
y, hoc hing t v
khoa hc lun. Mt s  ra nghi ng
v kh  ng d    
c t  
   
 nghi

      con  


         
         
 KHXH-NV,  trong lch
s       
khoa hc  (Trn Ngc  2007  u
ng).
 duy  mang  tng hp    
 phn ch da  nhng kin thc c
  t kinh nghim, trc  truyn
thng  tc, hoc t quy c, nim tin ca
mt cng ng, thm   ch  nhng 
ng ca      c chng
minh mt  khoa hc.  cho nhng kin
thc   xut sc n    na, 
  vn ch  kin thc  tin khoa hc 
T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

34
 th da        bit
KHXH-NV Vit Nam  th gii. Trong mi
 hi     hay  
trong   kin thc  truyn trong  hi,
 rt nhiu kin thc  tin khoa hc  trong
s   nhng kin thc   nhng kin
thc sai. Nhng kin thc y cn phi c
chng minh mi  th c gi  kin thc
khoa hc.  phi k n ng hp ng
nhn do  quen  ng: nhiu i 
 quen gi mi hot ng   trong 

vc  hi     khoa hc  hi 
    h  n ni  do t
khoa hc  cha.
 
        
con 
t-

         
    c  -
        
 
(Trn Ngc  2007ng).
Thm   nhn  ca Nguyn 
Tun,   t  khoa hc   tr 
  thi ng ca mt s quan chc ca
nhiu  trong  hi, nhm  
thuyt phc ca  kin ca 
 Hai ch      t
lo   th ng ca mt s i
mu      u ca
 
t, s dng hai ch t du n cho
 tin cy ca nhng nh    
rng hai ch  hiu lm, ri t
hiu lm dn lm dm dng khoa
hc d n vi     u
i n
n, 2011a, tr.37).
 trng    trung ch  

 s ln xn ca  gi  KHXH-NV 
    mt quy chun khoa hc
  kim ch nam, khin ai   th cho
rng  kin ca   khoa hc, thm  ai
  th tr   khoa hc.   th
mang   khoa hc    KHTN hay
KHXH-NV,   vc  cu cn phi
 th nhng  cu  c ng khoa
hc thng nht v b
h    c     
      u
KHXH-NV, thi     c n
nh  m c    i
i khoa hc t nh
 v khoa hc.
3.1 Đặc điểm của KHXH-NV
  nh c m ca KHXH-NV,
i ta ng i chiu  vi khoa hc t
  c m sau  ng c 
cp n:
3.1.1 u
       m
ca mc. Tht vy, th gii t
u ca khoa hc t
t nhiu
so v         trong
gian ln th
nh  ng c th     c
tic (bng mng hoc b
h tr ng d 

    u t    s
dng d ng kin thnghim
c gi ng
u c
c lc ca hot
i quan h ci
u ca KHXH-i rt

 thi gian. Chng nhng th  
ch th         i
   nhn thc c   i
    c t  
ng:
 hic bn cht ca khoa h
hi vn
ph soi ri tt
c. Loài ngƣời không chỉ sống thành xã hội

loài ngƣời còn tạo ra xã hội để sống 
(Godelier M., 2002. tr.3).
T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

35
 a, trong bi c    
hc tp, do s ti
nm ca nhiu n
        i cn
php cng
    tip thu r  
nn khoa h gii.

3.1.2 u
T       m
     

5
    
u quen thuc trong khoa hc t 
      c nghim.
 khi


p vu d
s u ca khoa hc
t 
c nghi
 gi
vc c       
 ng h
  hi ng trong tng th. T nhng
 n mnh m c
      
p cn m
tng h thng bi
ng trong tt c i quan h c
  hiu bn cht ca KHXH-NV, khi
  m xu    
t
i quan h c bi
h  i hoc tn t    
tr.4).

i k n vic ng dng rng
  c th    u trong
nhia khoa h
hi hu hi
  u x u d liu phc tp
         
ca Nguyn:


5
 
.
   liu t  u khoa h 
hng rt phc tn
 i
 giu t trong m
m  c l    
h     n trong khoa
hc th        
   c] thit k   
suy lun khoa hc    n,
2011bng).
3.1.3 m ca kin thc
Khoa hc t    ng nhng
quy lut ph   m
-ng
quy lu  y.     i
ng b chi phi bi nhng quy tc ph
thu    i gian : khi hin
ng xy ra  mc trong mt

ng quy t s
i trong
khoa h ht ln
thm b 
b n th hou chnh
p vi thc t 
n thc khoa h
kin thc tin khoa hc, thn thc phi
khoa h
i si, khin
cho nhing r
 o ra kin thc mi. Hing
  c M A. Tremblay c  
thiu hiu bit v i ta

t th 
i
na! (M A. Tremblay, 1988 : 8). Nguy him
  ng kin thc t    
ca nhi nh.
Nh v ng hy ry trong
i hin nay, nh 
trin.
Mn quan
tr    nh khoa hc lun. Trong
nhi ng h  u khoa hc t
  dng li  c  ng
   cung c   i nhng kin
thc khoa hc li, trong khoa
T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

36
hng kin th
 n
vic giu hing,
    n gc ca hin
i thit thi.
 ch i  KHXH-NV nhng
kt qu       
KHTN. M A. Tremblay    ng:
 V khoa h sai lm ln khi tin
r c nhng kt qu ngon mc
   i mi th ch   
 
3.1.4 p cn cu
Trong khoa hc t  
i v
bc  
Trong KHXH-     
       ng
i, 
cu ca KHXH-    c,
       th  
        t
loi quan h  i din ra gi  
c

 i quan h 
th n nh
i quan h 

c v   i quan h ca
h
ng di
ci si; h o hay bi
mi quan h  trong cng.
y s   v
i n
  , bi     
trong c    .   
2002, tr.4).
 a, nhiu v    
u, khin h
g th che d, c
 u. Khi chn mt vn
  u, h  m th   bt n
trong hi
ng v nh
hay hn ch th
trung l      
        
ti
        
   th   i thiu
nhi     i chi 
hing ch vi nhiu
c
 bm s minh bt c
 
c 
u chn la.

3.2 Các định đề về khoa học
Nn khoa hc hii dt s nh
   i phi m p nhn,
n tn t
 
3.2.1. Tinh thn khoa hc hay quynh lun

  u trit hc khoa hc
Alffred North Whitehead (1861-1947) cho
rng khoa hc hi i d   u
 gi i hoc
 gi ch
nhng quy lut chi phi s vng ca n
   t cn cho khoa h  u
p nhc s 
 tn ti, bi l ma khoa hc
ng quy lu
Trong KHXH-   u cho
r
ca con ngng quy lut
   ng quy lut   
t ch c t 
Mi s kin hay hiu bt ngun t
nh c. Mi
t t 
theo nhng quy tc nh nh. M  


th t t. Nhim
v ca khoa ht

t     n thc v KHXH-NV
 
T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

37
3.2.1 S dng d ling nghi
tng nghim lun: (A.: empirism; P.:
empirisme)
Khoa hc d th  tin

t  i nhng s v   vi  
nhng d li ng
    kim ch  c thu
thp t th gi    
rng quan ni  tha t  
 u ca Aristote t thi c i. Theo
quan nin thc khoa hc 
dng t nhc t, ri t 
 thuy
 thuyc kim chng li qua nhiu
        
nhng quy lu cho nhng
.
c
 t h   dng d li ng
nghit s 
        

3.2.2 ng ca khoa hc: khoa hc
u chnh, b sung

Khoa ht n lc. Khoa hc
n phi
 vi
u chnh, b 
Nu khi kim nghim, ta thy m  t
         t ban
u, th thay bng m
thuyu kh n
n thc khoa hc
        
p cn vTht vy,
ng
nh
 t rch s
khoa h  ng minh r  t yu
m
i my t 

gn lc ra, bc t thc s 

    n ra nhng bt h 
c phi chiu thc t vi
 thuy       i
l mt kt qu u,
        n phi
c kim ch  i chiu vi nhng
Nhim v cc
 i ch  ng minh mt gi
thuy      n phi phn
nghi      c c 

thuyt phn nghim (A.: Falsificationism; P.:
    
Popper (1902-  khoa
hn b nh
thuyt tt d   s b sung, chnh sa
c   u mi; th hai, kin th 
c thay th bng kin thc m
     c gi  
D 
t, gm nhng quy t
giu s vit. M
thuyt t        c
nhiu quan h gi vic.
Ma khoa hn
thc v bn cht ca th gii t 
hi, bu t  
dn d      t
chung. Nu ch      n d
li 
c nhng quy lut chi phi
ng h
nh        
Mch Tycho Brahe (1546-   
  nhng

i h-1630)
mc nhng quy lut
vng c
nh lut Kepler.
3.2.3 S u

Mm thit yu ca khoa h
 Du ca
-Strauss c
 -NV:
 M  u khoa h u d 
 v s i lp gi 
        
T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

38
    gii t nhi  u
KHXH-NV mun thc s tr 
khoa hn phi gi li s i l
 dch chuy a con
i: mt s 
i b  -Strauss Cl., 1964,
tr.582).
u n n thit chng nhng cho thu
th phn din gii d li
 u cn phi ti    thng,
       u
   ni
cn kt qu 
kt lun. M  a vic b  
     n ra kin thc mi,
c lp v ng.
Wallerstein din gi
 n lin
vi quan nin thi 
nghim, r d

nhit, r
th  i nhiu ng   i nhng
   u    
tr.85)
c bit quan tr
      m thc mi,
  m nh ki    i m vi
  ng mi m ngay c khi nh 
c lm
c
3.3 Tính khoa học trong KHXH-NV
Trong cuc s    u
 u g ph
c     u khoa hc. Theo
ghi nhn ca P. Sagaut, thut ng  science 
 c nhi c
   
sinh c   scientifique    
   cht ch  chc chn 
th       tr  a
c lu
        c
nh
hc (2008, tr.24).
  khoa hc,
u phi dm
ca khoa hc. Nu d 
thng nht vi nhau v s cn thit c 
khoa h lu
  

khoa h
 tip c  
  
ch li          
 
c.
3.3.1 Mt s quan nim khoa hc lun hin
i v c
Thuyt kim nghim (A.: verificationism ;
   t quan nim khoa
hc lun c   c chng lun
   bi   
khoa hc t t s a
KHXH-   i ta ch
bit m
c kim chng qua thc nghim. Trong
c b Vienne
6
, R. Carnap
t ba lo
thuyi 
   kim chng trc ti   
    hoa h      i
 kim chng m
tip, qua trung gian ca lo
lo        m
ch     t
kh          
kim nghi c (A.: verifiability ; P.:
a m 

c.
B  p lun r   ng
nghing d liu tuyi,
 ch ng kin thc tm thi c
lo kt lun rt
kim nghim bt lc trong nhing hp,
      t phn nghim (A.:

phm  a s  n khoa hc
7
.
Popper l        
   b    n c 


6
Le Manifeste du Cercle de
Vienne.
7

scientifique.
T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

39
  i ta ph     
kim nghim, nu ch t li
n th mt nhi 
 sai. T 
r chng minh m
  chng 

t gi thuy
 phn nghin
ng kin th
n u
t t
lc gi

ti
nhiu kh     phn nghim
c
  m C    c
ng khoa hc
8
, Thomas S. Kuhn (1922-
    m c   s
tin b ca khoa hng khoa hc
n xen ln nhau: giai
n khoa hng (science normale)
  n khoa hc b ng (science
ng
     c b   
ng ca khoa hc. Trong khoa hc
 ng, m    
t u
9
 nhn
        
 c hiu qu u ln nht:
m chung to thun li cho vic ph
bi  

cu   , m  u bao g 
v v thuy
  p ct. Khi khoa


8

scientifiques.
9

Le Petit Robert 
      
normes qui influent sur la perception du monde 
        


   ,     hay    
    ,   ,   
   ,    ,    ,
          

hu ca
 to ra mt cung khoa hc.
3.3.2 n cc
 c gi bng nhi
nhau, u trung l
c nhi
  n ca mi khoa h   
KHXH-  p l ni t  p l
ngoi ty

(Pourtois J P., Desmet H. & Lahaye W., 2001,
tr.38).
  p l ni ti  
nhm ki thuyc kim
chng gi thuyc b
     u v s   t
  i quan h gi  n

m lu cht
ch   b m r  t lun ca
 nhc
s ch i t nhng yu t 
thiu.
 p l ngoi ti 
nhm kh 
 ng kt lun c
nhi        
nhm ki n ch ca vic
        i

   c   ng s
c lp cn gii so vi
nhng bii ng thng.
Nhng bi bt ngun t nhiu
  ng h     hoc
u kin thu thp d liu, t  thc
nghi     yu nh 
nh ct qu u.
 y  m bo
      liu thu thp

c. Nhc g
        i
   kim chng ghi nhn c i
u.
3.3.3 Mt s 
Umberto Eco, m 
 cu nhic KHXH-
T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

40
u hc, trit h hc
  h 
hc ca m
   u phi ch  ng
      nhn bi c,
     n bi  
[ ]
2. V m u
ph        i,
hoc ph
i nh. [ ]
u ph
[ ]
u phi cung cp nhng yu t
m chng hoc phn bi
thuy        
cu phi cung cp nhng yu t  
tranh lu        
bn n li t -P., 1986, tr. 35).
     khoa hc ca mt hot

ng thc ti   Nguy  n
ng ch khoa hc
nu h u kin: d liu tht,
 n. Thiu
mu ki 
c:
 Khoa hc d   tht hay dữ liệu
thật. Nhng s tht ph
th   ng bng nh  
chuu quan trn thit trong khoa
h s th li
n v u tra. [ ] Khoa
h        
        n theo
cng chng khoa hng
kt qu  lic công bố
  p san khoa h  
t thng t (phn bin)
t t c kt qu 
c u ph    tái xác nhận 
(Nguyn, 2011a, tr.37-38).
3.4 Phƣơng pháp khoa học
M       c

 c  ng v    
Th
c       
 ng v  ng kin thc khoa hc
ca c ng v v     ng
tng h       

 c  c s d  
vc KHXH-NV trong m
trng kin thu:
CÁC PHƢƠNG PHÁP NCKH TRONG KHXH-NV
Tình trạng
kiến thức
Mục
tiêu
Đặc điểm
Phƣơng pháp nghiên cứu
c
m

u

Thăm dò
- t hi
c bin
- Nhn dng ho
bin quan trng
-  thuy

- Chuyi (histoire de vie)
- ng hp
- Phng vc
- ch s
-  
- 

t s

u
Mô tả và liên hệ
-  p d liu v hin
ng
- ng
- Khng
 (covariance)
- i dung
- u
-  liu th cp
- Phng vu khin
-  thng
- u tra bng bi
- 
- c nghim
T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

41


t chi tit
Giải thích
/
Tìm hiểu
- Gia
hing
- Nhn d th

- ng
- ng hp duy

nht
- c nghim
- c nghim

nh
i
 
hing
Dự báo
- D i hou
qu ca mt hing
- D  kin ho
  mt hing
- i thi gian
- n

n
mt s ng
dng
Đánh giá
- ng ho
ng ca mt hi

- u chnh mt hing (sn
phm, dch v)
- u tra m 
- Khu
- Kh thi

u kin

thu
k 
Kiểm soát
- Can thi
h u chi
- Chnh sa m
t t chc
- 
- ng (Action
Research)
       
ng
m chung vi nhau, xu vi
 mnh khoa hc, t m ci
  u, t bn cht ca kin thc
khoa hc Vi
cn viu, th
c th
i ren,
         kinh
nghim v tt c 
    i kin thc khoa
hc, kin thc v    u
i s tin
b c  i. Vi  i vi s
tin b      u theo
mu quen thuc s d
    o c i  u.
c li, s m
       n cht

, v 
th   b    c c 
c ti Vit
Nam hay   u
 gng nhi thiu
d c, chung
cho m g
cu
u ph-
NV.
u quan ni 
 ng dng c
n c v vai
    c nghim. Tht vy,
t s quan nim v 
khoa h mt s 
 n cu v KHXH-   c
c.
M      
c b
 mc
c:
   dng mt khung tham chiu
(nhgii hn c
n hi
cu),
   liu ph   i h
thi ti),
  vic thu nh
ph  ng vi thc t   

i ti),
T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

42
 c kim nghim trong gii

  chc thc nghim,
 n,
 ng,
 D 
 
  c.
M      ng mt s
     t thit phi hin
din trong mu, chng h
 c nghi     
  
    c ch d  
        
      c nghim
bao gi!
J        
      t quy
 t c
u phng:
 ng mt v
  s dng mt h th
 Nhp d liu
        u k
thu

  sn sinh ra nhng kt lun
    u s  n hoc
din gii.
c tin b  Hoa K ch
 y cho hc sinh ph  
       
  ng trong bt c   i
bt c  vic gii quyn
 u phc tp. Peter
F. Oliva (2006) c th khoa
hc bc thc hin:
        n
ph       m gii
        n
n nht c 

 nh mt v,
   t gi thuyt hoc nhiu
gi thuyt,
 Tp hp d liu,
  liu,
    t lun.    
2006, tr.260).
        y
rng m
 u trung l
  t y u hin din trong 5 giai

M


    c ch y 
  t lu     ng c;
phi dnhng kt qu c thc kim
 i da
ng xu
kinh nghim hn hp; pht nhng d
li din dch nhng d li
   vi      u
chp vi s vic; phi
i chp nhn vic
nh
   a    
1981, dn li t Tsafak G., 2001, tr.77).
m ni bt  i nhiu
 nhn mnh tm quan
trng ca tinh thc
  a hin thi vi
mt phc kim chng
bi chiu vi thc t u c
 u chhuyp vi
thc t  a khoa
h-NV.
4 THAY LỜI KẾT LUẬN: BÀI HỌC CỦA
PHƢƠNG TÂY
S t gic hoc
gi        
 nhn. Tuy nhinh
s m chung vi
       a,
 si ch  t m

, vi cao s 
T Phn C: Khoa hc: 26 (2013): 30-45

43
 ch n 
ng hn trong khoa hc.
Trong giu KHXH-c ta,
nhii ch d  t v 
  gi hi nh
ca KHXH-NV Ving khoa
hc ca cng th git yu
t then cht khin gic ta vn
quanh quu vic
hc t   u nh  u v
KHXH-NV cc
   hi     
   -NV    i
hi dung sinh hot hc thut ca
u nhng kin thc bit
ng kin th
u khoa hu qu u
cc ch 
ng quc t    n
   a Nguyn th T Huy (2011:
 Ch       ng
dy  i hp thi s 
cu th gim b
t ra cho gii hc thut quc t chng
 i vic hi nhp th gii
mng 

  n khoa hc lun, thi 
       
a khoa h
(2005), s       c
-c tin thn k
  t
 1. S dc
ng trong mi ting
c  m    
10
ca
       
khng phn nh n m
n thi gii quyt t nh
2. T b quan ni
ca trit hc Aristote
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 n thuy 


10
.
11
cause finale
        
        
(cause ma     

qu hc Kant din gi chc
  ng bng nhng quy lut chung

u khii quan h c
3. T b  n

quy lu      
       
ng gc chng lun;

thuy     ng chc chn ca
khoa h        
quy lut cc;
5. S c lp c    i vi
nh i vi nh
         a
Weber v p gi h
s i tri gia khoa h
 
Ho ng khoa h  t ho  
duy cao ci ph
   n, nhiu bi    
dii khoa hc tinh thn ci
m, t do tip cn nh    
loi, ch  ch  mt s ch
       
dy  c gi nhi
 n chn hong
KHXH-NV  c ta.
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO
1. Boudon R., 2010. 

Tap chi 

p. 19-40.
2. 

ling b ta ch
esperso-
orange.fr/Epsh.html truy c
3. n mt cu
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