Báo cáo "Vai trò của thương nhân Hà Lan trong mối quan hệ kinh tế giữa Nhật Bản với Việt Nam 1635 – 1786 " pptx

QUAN HE VIET NAM - CHAU AU
Vni
TRO
cun
THUONG
NHRN
HA
LAN
TRONG
MOI
QURN
Hi
KINH TC
GltTA
I^nOAT
BA]w6l
VIET
I^AM
1635 - 1786
Nguyen Tuan Anh
Din
cudi
thi
ky XVI, diu
thi
ky
XVII,
tren co sd nhirng kinh nghiem va he thdng
thuong mai
ciia
thuong nhan Trung Hoa

va
Syukyu (tue tinh Okynaoa
ngay
nay), cac
thuong gia Nhat
Ban
da md rdng budn
ban
vdi cac qudc gia Ddng Nam A va phat trien
cao nhat vao thdi ky Chau An Thuyen
(1592-
1635).
trong dd mdi
.quan
he Nhat Ban - Viet
Nam la mdt mdc son quan trpng nhat trong
thdi ky hoang kim thir nhat
nay.
Den
nam
1639,
vi nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau, chinh
quyen Edo da thuc hien chinh
sach
tda qudc.
Do thuyen budn Nhat
Ban
khdng dupe phep
xuat duong nen
cac

thuang nhan Nhat Ban
chi cd the budn
ban
vdi ben ngoai thdng qua
cac thuong nhan trung gian nhu Ha Lan,
Trung Qudc, Trieu Tien v.v. He qua tat yeu
la mdi quan he kinh te Nhat Ban - Viet Nam
giai doan
nay
bi giam
siit
nhung nhd vai trd
cua cac
thiro-ng nhan
trung gian. trong dd
tieu bieu nhat la vai trd cua thuang nhan
Ha
Lan, mdt sd giao luu kinh te, van hda van
tiep tuc dugc duy tri.
1. Giai doan 1635-1700
a. Ddi vdi Ddng Ngodi
Sau khi Mac
Phii
thuc hien chinh sach
tda qudc 1639. do thuyen Chau An khdng
the tiep tuc den cac thuang
cang
qudc te nen
Khoa Lich
sit

- Dai hoc
Sir
pham Hue
boat ddng kinh te thuo-ng mai
ciia
Nhat Ban
phai phu thude
vao
cac thuong nhan Trung
Hoa va Ha Lan Mac
dii
gap nhieu khd
khan nhung Ha Lan van tiep tuc quan he vdi
chiia Trinh d
Dang
Ngoai. Ly do
chii
yeu la
thi trudng Nhat Ban
van
rat can mdt lugng
Idn to lua ngoai nhap. Do nhung ""ddng gdp"
trong viec
dan
ap
cude
kho-i nghia
Shimabara, Ha Lan ngay
cang
chiem dugc

uu the tai thi trudng Nhat Ban
va
ngudn
eung
cap
to sdng tir
Dang
Ngoai trd nen rat
can
thiet cho viec khang dinh vi tri cua hp d
Nhat
Ban.
Hon the nira, sd to lua cua Ha Lan
nhap vao Nhat
Ban
lai khdng phai chiu
sir
kiem soat
va
dinh gia
ciia
che dp Pankada
(che dp bao mua to
liia
do phia Nhat Ban
don phuang dat ra)
ma
chinh quyen Edo van
ap
dung vdi hang hda

ciia
Bd Dao Nha.
Sir
im
ai dd
ciia
Nhat
Ban
da tao dieu kien thuan
Igi
cho thuong nhan Ha Lan thu dugc lai
suat
rat
eao, thudng
la
gap ddi so vdi gia
gdc.
Lugng to sdng do
Ha
Lan nhap vao
Nhat
Ban
nam 1637 la 53.637 kin', cimg vdi
sd to cua Bd
Dao
Nha, "con sd
nay
len den
' Kin: don vj do trong lirong Nhat Ban tuong
duoni:

voi
0,596
kg.
(Dai
tri)
eiia thii'o'ttq
nhdn
'Jt)d
JUan.
47
141.000
kin"^,
do vay
ma
lugng to nhap da
vugt qua nhu can tieu dimg
ciia
Nhat
Ban
va
lam cho gia to giam dot ngpt. Sau nam 1639,
do tau budn cua Bd Dao Nha
bi
cam khdng
dupc den Nhat
Ban
nen
Ha
Lan gan nhu dde
chiem ihi trirdng

nay,
vi vay hang hda do
ngudi Ha Lan dem den da thu dugc lai suat
Idn. Lgi nhuan trung binh
ciia
mat hang satin
va lua la 65%. 'Nam 1644. do linh hinh
ngogi thuang giica Ddng Ngodi vd
Nhcil
Bdn
CO
nhieu dieu kien thudn lgi nen Hd Lan da
thu dugc lgi nhuan
Id
3 trdm nghin
gulden
"^.
Theo W. Dampier,
vao
thang 7
nam 1786, thuong nhan Anh
van
den
Tonkin. Ong khang dinh: "Thdi gian tdi d
do.
hdng nam vdn cd cdc thuang nhdn tic
Nhdl Ban den Toguin vd mpt sd ngudi trong
so do
Id
cdng ddn Anh ehiing ta. Tuy vgy,

dieu chdc chdn
Id
sau khi Anh rdi bd thuang
qudn
a
Ddng Ngodi, Hd Lan dd chiem hdu
hel
thi phdn ve ta lua, mat hdng cd y nghia
chien luac
„4
Trong quan he cua
Ha
Lan vdi Dang
Ngoai, to sdng dugc coi
la
mdt trong nhirng
thuong pham quan trpng nhat. Ngoai to
sdng, sd hang xuat khau cdn cd lua, satin
va
nhieu loai vai vdc khac. Cac bang thdng ke
cdn lai ngay nay
chi
the hien ty le to- sdng,
"neu tinh
ea liia
va satin thi hang nam sd to
sdng xuat di chiem
85%)""\
To cua
Dang

Ngoai thudng duge chia lam hai loai
la:
loai
"
Nguyen Van Kim, Quan he cua Nhdt Bdn voi Dong
Nam A thi ky
XV-XVl,
NXB Dai hoc qu6c gia Ha Noi,
HaNoi,
2003.
tr. 193.
'Nguyin
Van Kim. sdd, tr. 193.
•*
William Dampier, Voyage and Discoverie 1688,
London,
1931,
tr. 73.
. ,
,^,i\
,,,, ,,,
'
Nguyen Van Kim, sdd, tr.
194.
„,,;,
_„,.,,'^
,.^,fj ,,, ,
to mua
ciia
chiia Trinh va to mua

ciia
thuang
nhan
ty
do. Gia ca
ciia
hai loai to nay dugc
the hien rd trong ty gia quy ddi. To sdng mua
ciia
chiia Trinh thudng dupe tinh bang bac
tdt vdi ty le quy ddi cao ban so vdi thuang
nhan tu do, qua dd cho thay chinh
sach
ap
dat gia
ca,
tinh chuyen quyen, dde
doan ciia
chinh quyen Le - Trinh trong quan he ngoai
thuang thdi
bay
gid.
vao dau
nhiing nam 1640, tinh hinh
chinh trj
ciia Dang
Ngoai ludn cd nhiing bien
ddng
Idn.
Dieu kien ehinh tri dd da anh

hudng den quan he kinh te vdi cae nudc.
Nam
1643,
thuang nhan Ha Lan khdng mua
dugc to sdng vi nam dd chiia Trinh da dan
100.000
quan
tien danh
Dang
Trong. Do sg
bi eudp doat tai
san,
nhieu thuong nhan giau
cd da rdi khdi kinh thanh Thang Long,
san
xuat bi ngung tre nen khi
tau Ha
Lan cap
cang da khdng the
nao
mua dugc sd to lua va
lugng
hang
can thiet. Lien
tiic
trong may
nam, do loan lac, trdm eudp ndi len nen ngay
ca
tai Thang Long, thg det ciing da phai bd
chay ve que va bang det da kbdng dugc van

chuyen len thanh phd. Them
vao
dd, d Trung
Qudc, trong thdi ky ehuyen giao quyen
lire
giiia nha Minh vdi nha
Thanh,
tinh hinh
chinh tri, xa hdi rdi loan nen nhieu nganh san
xuat
ciing bi dinh ddn. Trong thdi gian nay,
thuyen budn ngoai qude den Trung Qudc
giam di, ngudn hang nhap
ciia
Nhat Ban
tii'
Dai
Loan ciing khdng dugc
dap
img, vi vay
to sdng cua Dang Ngoai trd thanh mat hang
cd gia tri
va
dem lai ngudn lgi nhuan
Idn
cho
cac
thuang nhan ngoai qudc.
48
NGHIEN

CQu
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°03 (126).2011
Trong
cac
hoat ddng kinh te
ciia
Nhat
Ban
\'di
Dang Ngoai ndi len
\'ai
trd
ciia
mdt
thuang nhan cd ten la Wadaryaemon. Ong
la
mdt ngudi hieu rd tinh hinh vimg Thuan -
Quang
\a dupe
coi la mdt thuong nhan
chuyen bao mua to-
hia.
Sau khi chuyen ra
kinh doanh o- phia Bac.
\A'adar>aenion
da cd
nhirng lien he mat thiet
\-di
chinh chiia Trinh.

Nam 1638. khi dai dien thuo-ng mai Ha Lan
la
Karl-hrtinck
xin phep chiia
li-inh
de thanh
lap thuo-ng quan nham bao mua to lua
\a
hang hda cua Dang Ngoai, phu Chua da giao
cho dng thuc hien ke hoaeh nay. Theo nhiing
ngudn lu lieu cua Ha Lan, Wadaryaemon da
cd nhieu lien he \d-i thuong nhan Bd Dao
Nha va chinh dng da ddng vai trd tich cue
trong viec \'an chuyen to lua
tii-
Dang
Ngoai
sang Nhat Ban.
Til nam
1644.
dai dien thuang quan
ciia
Ha Lan a Dang Ngoai va Brook-horst da
thiet lap dugc mdi quan he tdt dep
\-di
Wadaryaemon trong viec xay dung thuong
quan
cimg nhu trao ddi
hang
hda \'a cho Ha

Lan
va}-
ng. Thdng qua viec duy tri quan he
thudng
xu\-en
\'di thuang
nhan
Ha Lan,
Wadar\aemon
cimg da biet dugc nhiing dien
bien ehinh tri can ban d Nhat
Ban
nam
1645,
vi
va>-
nga>
23-5-1645, Wadaryaemon da
phai dan ngudi than trdn chay tren chiec
thuyen manh dugc budc san vao tau
ciia
ngudi Ha Lan. Den
ngay
6-8-1645, khi tinh
hinh tam yen, Wadaryaemon lai
diing
thuyen
manh de di
\-c
phia ha

lim
sdng Hdng. Tai
day, dng da mua gao giri sang
Dai
Loan eiing
100.000 kin ddng da mua dugc d Ke Chg.
Ngoai ra, dng cdn dimg
thu}-en
di vao Thuan
Hda nhap mdt khdi lugng
Idn
to
liia
va xuat
cho tau budn
Ha
Lan. "Trong khi dnh hinh
trong medc cd nhieu bien dpng. ngodi
dicdng
phd bon
eicdp
bde hodnh hdnh nen Idt ca moi
ngudi deu gidn die vd
Inr
ve que. cd
ihe ihdy
dicgc Wadaryaemon qua
Id
mpt con
iiguvi

diing cam vd cd tdi khi vdn hinh an vd
sic
di
lgi mua hdn giica Ke Chg vd Thudn
IIda"\
Den nam 1664. do mdt sd khd
khan,
lugng bac
chu\-en
tir Nhat Ban sang Dang
Ngoai diing cho
\-iec
mua ban, trao ddi hang
hda bi
giam siit
nen da anh hudng den ddi
sdng
ciia
khdng it ngudi thude gidi quy tdc,
quan lai
va
mdt bd phan thi dan \dn da quen
vdi
cac
ngudn thu nhap tir boat ddng ngoai
thuong. Lgi
dimg
tinh trang thieu tien luu
thdng
ciia

Dang Ngoai. mac
dii
bi chinh
quyen kiem soat chat che nhung cac thuong
nhan Nhat Ban
van
tim each xuat tien sang
Dai Viet. Nam
1638.
120.000
tiln ddng Nhat
Ban da dugc xuat sang Viet Nam (chu
\-eu
o
Dang
Ngoai) de mua lua. Nam 1650. ba
chiec thuyen
manh eiia
Riyaemon (thuang
gia Nhat
Ban
cd
anh
budng
Idn
d Viet Nam
luc
bay
gid)
va

hai
tau
eua Bd
Dao
Nha da
nhap khau mdt luang
Idn
tien
tii"
Ma Cao
\
ao
Dang
Ngoai. Mae
dii
chua rd
da}-
la tien
ddng Trung Qudc hay Nhat Ban nhung ban
than Riyaemon da cd ke hoaeh dirng ra nam
vai trd luu thdng tien te Nhat Ban a Dang
Ngoai. Nhung ke hoaeh do da khdng thanh
vi gap
sir
phan ddi
eiia
chinh qu}en Vua Le.
Chua Trinh do Chua Trinh khdng mudn
Riyaemon can thiep
qua

sau
\-ao
ddi sdng
''
Nguyin Van Kim,
Nhcii
Ban voi chdu .4 nhting
mHi
lien he lieh sic vd chuyen bien kinh te xa hoi. NXB
Dai hoc qu6c gia Ha Noi. Ha Noi.
2003.
tr.
130.
'Dili
tri)
eiia tlin'o'nq
nhdn
76d
Man.
49
kinh te, ban nira ti gia giiia tiln te Nhat
Ban
va
hang hda ludn bien ddng.
Din
nam
1665,
vi bi thua
Id
trong kinh doanh tien te nen

Riyaemon da phai
mac
ng thuong nhan
Ha
Lan mdt khoan tien
Idn din
90.000
gulden^.
Sau khi Nhat Ban thi hanh chinh
sach
tda qude, do gianh dugc
lai
the thuong mai
ma Ha Lan da gan nhu dde chiem thi trudng
Nhat Ban. Trong quan he vdi nudc ta,
thuong nhan Ha Lan ciing td ra kha nhay ben
vdi nhimg dien bien chinh tri. Viec chinh
quyen Chiia Trinh d
Dang
Ngoai va Chua
Nguyen d Dang Trong it nhieu ed thai dp
than thien vdi thuang nhan ngoai qudc ngoai
ly do kinh te cdn xuat phat tir nhu cau quan
sir.
Trong
dieu
kien chinh tri phirc tap
ciia
cue
dien phan tranh Nam Bac. khac vdi

Yamada (thuong nhan Nhat
Ban)
d Xiem,
Riyaemon cung nhu nhieu thuong nhan Nhat
Ban khdng tham gia vao cac muu toan ehinh
tri,
gianh doat
virong
quyen ma chi chuyen
tam
vao
boat ddng thuang mai. Vai trd
ciia
dng trong viec duy tri
va
phat trien quan he
thuong mai giii'a
Dang
Ngoai vdi Nhat
Ban
ciing nhu giira Viet Nam vdi eae nudc
phuang Tay khac
la
mdt ddng gdp quan
trpng.
• '•''• ••'"•
•
•
b. Ddi vdi Ddng Trong
Chinh

sach
ddng cira
ciia
Nhat
Ban
nam
1639
da
tac
ddng
sau sac
tdi boat ddng ngoai
thuang
CLia ca
Dang Trong ciing nhu
Dang
Ngoai, dae biet
la
eae thuang nhan vdn da cd
quan he
hit
sire mat thiet vdi Nhat
Ban
nhu
d Hdi An, Phd Hien. Trong khudn khd
eiia
chinh
sach
tda qudc. mac
dii

thuyen budn
Nhat
Ban
khdng dugc phep di ra nudc ngoai
nhung ngugc lai thuyen budn Ha Lan. i'rung
Qudc va mdt sd nude Ddng Nam A van cd
the tiep tuc den Nhat Ban trao ddi hang hda.
budn
ban.
Thdng qua boat ddng cua cac doan
thuyen budn giii vai trd trung gian dd ma
quan he giii'a Viet Nam
va
Nhat Ban khdng
bi gian doan.
Sau 45 nam chien tranh lien mien
(1627-1672), qua 7 lan giao tranh, de huy
ddng sire ngudi, sire
ciia
cho chien tranh,
tiem luc kinh te
ciia
ca Dang Ngoai ciing nhu
Dang
Trong da ed phan suy kiet. 0 Dang
Trong, chua Nguyen mudn cung cd lai quan
he thuong mai vdi
cae
nudc de khdi phuc
kinb te

va
day nhanh cdng
cude
khai pha
mien Nam. Nam
1688,
tire
la 49 nam sau khi
ehinh sach sakoku dugc thuc hien, chiia
Nguyen Phuc Tran van giri thu cho Mac
Phii
Edo yeu
cau
md lai quan be thuang mai va
mong mudn nhap ve nhieu tien ddng de tang
cudng kha nang tai chinh. Vao the ky
XVII.
dudng
la
mdt trong nhirng san pham xuat
khau
ehii
yeu
eiia
Dang Trong sang thi
trudng Nhat Ban. Tir Trung Qudc ky thuat
ep
va
che bien dudng da dugc truyen ba den
Dang Trong (viing Quang Nam), Siam,

Campuehia va Java (vimg Batavia va
Peklogan). Nhung ciing chinh tir Ddng Nam
A, dudng da dugc xuat khau vdi khdi lugng
Idn
sang Trung Qudc va dac biet la Nhat
Ban. Nam 1685, Nhat Ban da nhap vl 2.199
tan dudng. Theo
R.L.innes",
trong nhiing
^
Gulden: don vi tien te Ha Lan trong thai gian
1597-
1641.
Xin xem them: Robert Leroy
Innes,
The door
ajur-
japan is foreign trade in the seventeenth century. The
University of Michigam, 1980.
50
NGHIEN
COU
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°03 (126).2011
nam 1640-1700, hang nam Nhat Ban deu
phai nhap ve mdt sd lugng dudng tuong tu
nliu
vay.
"Ndm 1636
thicang nhdn Hd Lan

tieng hy vong mua dugc khoang 250 den 300
Idn diedng
a
Ddng Trong nhicng
ihiec
te ho
dd khdng mua dugc sd lugng hdng cdn
thiii"'''.
Nam
1695.
khi den Dang Trong, thuong
nhan ngudi Anh la Bowyear da viet:
""Cdc
thuyen mua (dem den Ddng Trong) tic Quang
Ddng lien
diic
dugc ldi sudt rdt nhieu, ciing
nhu hdng la lua hoa kieu: linh, lua. do gdm
Trung Qudc.
chi;.
kem. thuy ngdn, nhdn sdm,
long ndo vd cdc vi thude khde;
Tie
Xiem: trau
khdng, gd do (diing de nhupm). san. xd cic,
ngd voi. thiec. chi, ggo: Tic Campuehia:
thic
hodng (dimg ldm
ihiidc
ve), cdnh kien trdng.

sa nhdn, sdp. son, xd
cic.
gd do,
nhica
thdng,
da
irdu.
da vd gdn
huait,
ngd voi. sung te
v.v. Cdn Ddng Trong bdn ra: vdng, sdt. ta vd
hdng del nhu linh. lua , ky nam. trdm
huang. dudng. dudng phen , yen sdo, hgt
lieu,
bdng "^
. Trong sd
san
vat
eiia
Dang
Trong, ky nam dugc thuang nhan nhieu
nudc rat ua chudng vi nhirng dugc tinh dac
biet cua nd. Trong
tac
pham
"Phii
bien tap
liic"
Le Quy Ddn viet:
"Mudn

phdn biet trdm
huong vdi
ky-
nam thi
Idy hinh
chdt khi md
phdn biet. Trdm huang thi cicng, ndng, it
tham,
sdc
nhgl.
vi ddng: kj' nam thi mem,
nhe. cd hoi ddu, thorn mdt, vi gdm dit cay,
chua.
ngol
ddng: trdm hieong thi khdi hit
xody rdi
scat
mdi lan. dot ky nam thi khdi len
thdng md ddi. Trdm huang
ehi
cd the gidng
khi. Ky nam cd the chiea benh triing phong.
ddm
siiyen,
cdm khdu, moi chicng. mdi vdo
nicdc md ro vd dot khdi eho huang vdo
miii
ihi tinh
lgi ngay. Dau bung ddy
lice

thi ngdm
la khdi ngay. Lgi cdn trie dugc
id
khi. ui khi
nen trong chd hdnh dich. hdnh qudn khdng
the khdng diing "". Ciing vi
\'ay ma
ky nam
ludn dugc gia cao tren thi trudng Nhat
Ban.
Dudi
tac
ddng cua nhirng ehinh sach
kinh te tich cue ddng thdi ciing chiu anh
hudng manh me
ciia
nen kinh te thuang mai
qude tl, den the ky
XVII-XVIIl,
mac
dii
hau
nhu khdng cdn quan he true tiep vdi Nhat
Ban
va
thuang nhan mdt sd nudc niia nhung
kinh te xir Dang Trong van cd nhieu budc
phat trien. La mdt viing dat tuong ddi rdng
Idn,
ed rirng va bien lai cd ddng bang dupe

bdi dap bdi sdng Thu Bdn. Quang Nam da
trd tbanh mdt vimg dat rat giau cd. Theo Le
Quy Ddn:
'"Thudn
Hda khdng cd nhieu cuu
edi, deu
Idy
a Qudng Nam, vi xie Qudng
Id
ddt phi nhieu nhdt thien hg. Ngudi Thdng
Hoa, Dien Bdn biet del
ven
lua. vdc, dogn.
linh.
Id,
hoa mdu kheo dep chdng kem Quang
Ddng, rupng ddng rpng rdi,
liia
ggo Idl dep.
trdm huang, tdc huang. sicng le. ngd voi.
vdng bgc, ddi mdi, trai dc, bdng. sdp. dudng.
mat, ddu, san, ea, hd lieu, cd, mudi, gd
lgi
deu sdn xudt a day" .
•
Trong
qua
trinh lam an. sinh sdng d Dai
Viet, do cd nhirng hieu biet ve van hda, ngdn
ngii,

kha nang thuong thuyet.
va
tinh trung
Robert Leroy Innes. sdd, tr. 504-508.
'"
Thanh The Vy.
Ngogi
thuong Viet Nam hoi the ky
XVII.
XVIII
ddu thi
k)>
XIX,
NXB Su hoc, Ha Npi,
1961,
tr. 227.
" Le Quy Don, Phu bien tgp luc II Le Quy Don Todn
tap,
NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi. Ha Noi,
1977,
tr. 33
1.
'"Le Quy Don, sdd, tr. 337.
'Vai
trd
eiia thiionq
nhdn
16ii
Man.
thuc,

thuong nhan Nhat khdng ehi dugc
ngudi Viet ma ca nhieu nude ngoai tin cay,
nhd
lam
trung gian budn ban. Thdng qua cac
hoat ddng kinh te, giao tilp xa hdi,
mdt
sd
thuong gia Nhat Ban da
kit
hdn vdi ngudi
Viet. Tren tam bia ""Phd da linh son trung
phat" d ddng Hoa Nghien, chiia Non Nudc,
Da Nang, dupe tao lap vao nam 1640, cdn
ghi lai ten cua 5 ngudi Nhat
lay
vg Viet.
Dieu thil vi la, ngoai nhii'ng boat ddng kinh
te,
dau tich ve mdt thdi giao
lim
giira hai
nudc cdn de lai
ca
trong ddi sdng van hda,
trong dd tieu bieu nhat la d Hdi An cd chiec
eau gd mang ten
cau
Nhat
Ban,

mac
dii
da
trai qua nhieu lan triing tu, tdn tao nhung
nhiing dau tich van hda Nhat Ban
van
cdn
the hien tren kien
true ciia
cay
cau.
Gan day,
trong cdng trinh giao luu Nhat
Ban
- Viet
Nam, cac hpc gia Viet Nam
va
Nhat
Ban
ciing da edng bd mdt sd tu lieu cd gia tri ve
quan he giua hai nude thdi can the. Chiu tac
ddng
ciia
chinh
sach
tda qudc, vi nhieu
nguyen nhan,tinh hiru nghi giii'a cu
dan
hai
dan tde

van
dugc duy tri. Trong phan viet:
"Ghi chip nhicng nhdn thiec ve An Nam
ciia
ngudi Nhdt thdi can the, tdc gid Llkeuchi
satoshi da cht ra 7 trudng hgp thuang nhdn
vd ngu ddn Nhdt Bdn vd Viet Nam gap
ncin.
Cdc thuyen dd thicdng la do gap bdo nen dd
bi trdi dgt vd da duge thuang nhdn nudc
ngodi cieu trg. Trong 7 trudng hgp do, cd ba
Idn
thuyin
tic
Nhdt Bdn da gigt den
Viet
Nam:
vdo ndm
1765
cd hai thuyen vd ndm
1794
mpt
Ihuyin.
Trudng hop thuyin Viet Nam bi ngn
vd ngudi Viet dugc dua den Nhdt cd bdn
Idn
xdy ra vdo cdc ndm: 1693. 1787. 1801 vd
1815"^\
Rieng ve
sir

kien 18 ngudi Dang
Trong hi nan nam
1693
rdi dugc thuyen Siam
ciru dua den Nhat
Ban
sau dd hdi huong da
dugc ghi chep tuo'ng ddi
cii
the trong
"Nagasaki shi" (Lich sic Nagasaki). Khi biet
su viec dd, nam 1695 chiia Nguyen da
giii
hai hue thu sang Nhat Ban de tri
an.
Dieu
dang
quy
la,
mac
dii
quan he chinh
thirc giira hai nudc khdng cdn dupc duy tri
nhu trudc
nOa,
nhung dau an tdt dep ve mdt
thdi hung thinh trong quan he bang giao van
dugc duy tri trong tam tri nhieu ngudi. 0
Nhat Ban, mdt sd ngudi da viet hoac ke lai
nhirng dieu

ma
minh mat thay, tai nghe va
cam nhan ve viing dat An Nam giau cd, tham
ehi cd ngudi chua tiing tdi Viet Nam nhung
bang each thu thap tu lieu khae nhau hp da
de lai mdt sd tac pbam gia tri. Trong sd dd,
tieu bieu
la
bd
sach
An Nam ky luoc cao (An
Nam - kiyaku ko) do Konyo-morishige, mdt
vien chiic cua Mac
Phii,
thu but va hoan
thanh
vao
nam 1796'''. Budc sang the ky
XVIII-XIX,
tuy quan he Nhat - Viet cd phin
bj gian doan nhung mdt sd giao luu kinh te,
van
hda
van
duge tiep tuc dugc duy tri. Nhin
lai quan he Nhat Ban vdi Viet Nam trong
lich sir cd the thay: Mae
dii
khdng
tranh

khdi
nhiing budc thang tram nhung truyen thdng
hiiu nghi giiia hai nudc da tao nen co sd thiet
yeu cho su phat trien quan he hgp
tac va sir
hieu biet giiia hai
dan
tdc trong thdi ky can,
hien dai.
' Nguyen Van Kim, Nhdt Ban vai chdu A
nhiing
moi
lien he lich sir vd
chiiven
bien kinh te xd hoi, sdd, tr.
137.
Tai lieu tren trang web:
www.ncnb.org.vn
52
NGHIEN
COU
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°03
(126).2011
2.
Vai trd
eiia
ngudi Ha Lan trong
mdi quan he Nhat Ban - Viet Nam (ca
Dang Trong va Dang Ngoai) giai doan
1700-1786

Nira sau the ky
XVII
la thdi ky cd nhieu
bien ddi trong budn ban thuo'ng mai
ciia
cac
nudc trong khu vuc Ddng A va Ddng Nam
A. Do
sii
mat gia
tram
trpng cua tien ddng d
nhirng nam
1670
nen lgi nhuan cua
Ha
Lan
tai thi trirdng Ddng Nam A
va
Ddng A hi
giam sut dang ke. Mat hang to lua
xuat
khau
trpng yeu
ciia
Viet Nam do bi lan at bdi hang
to lua xuat khau
ciia
Bengal nen sd lugng
xuat khau bi giam

siit
mdt each nhanh chdng.
Cimg luc dd tai Nhat
Ban,
nganh
san
xuat to
Ilia
ciing bat dau gia tang, nen nam
1672
la
nam cd sd lugng
san
xuat to lua nhieu nhat
thi sd lugng xuat khau lai giam dan. Vdi tinh
hinh nay, nam 1699, cdng ty Ddng An
Ha
Lan da quyet dinh
riit
khdi mien Bae Viet
Nam dudi quyen cua chiia Trinh
va
nam
1700,
sau khi can nhae, ngudi dirng
dau
thuong diem Ha Lan d
Dang
Ngoai
la

J.Vanco da quyet dinh ddng cira vTnh vien
thuang diem Dang Ngoai, rut ve Batavia,
khdng gap lai Vua.
Nhu vay, budc sang the ky XVIII d
Dang Ngoai khdng cdn thuang
nhan
nao
ciia
ngudi
Ha
Lan, d
Dang
Trong thi tuy ki hda
udc nhung viee giao thiep khdng duge man
ma lam. Phai mai den giiia the ky thir XVIII,
Nguyen Phiic Khoat mdi lai giao dich quan
he nhieu vdi Ha Lan (ciing nhu vdi
cac
lai
nude khac). Nhung ciing vi ed nhieu
lai
khac
nen
sir
eanh tranh kha gay gat, nhat la ddi
vdi dich thil trudc
la
Mi Bd Dao Nha, lai
them nhirng ehuyen hang Nguyen Phiic
Khoat mua, dpng ng lai, nhu chuyen

diic
tien
kem cho Nguyen Phiic Khoat. Nguyen Phiic
Khoat khdng tra tien vi tien kem dat lai Ha
Lan due.
lai Ha
Lan lai dem ban
ca
cho dan.
nhu vay
la
trai phep. Chinh vi nhirng ly do
dd ma "Hd Lan sau khi thdy budn bdn
a
Ddng Trong khdng cdn ldi nhieu. lgi khd
khdn,
vd sau khi da yeu cdu Ddng Trong true
xudt bon ldi Bd Ddo Nha vd tra cdc khoan
ng khdng ed kit qud, Hd Lan quyit dinh bo
Ddng Trong vdo ndm
1758"
'.
Cho den nua
sau the ky XVIII, tren dat nude Viet Nam da
khdng eon ngudi
Ha
Lan, duy chi cd ngudi
Bd Dao Nha
van
tiep

tiic
den trao ddi, nhung
hp ciing khdng den trao ddi thudng xuyen
nhu trudc niia
ma
thinh thoang mdi den. Sd
dT viec budn
ban ay
khdng phat dat la vi
nhiing nguyen nhan sau:
Bay
gid chien tranh
Trinh - Nguyen da cham dirt,
cac
Chiia
khdng mua simg dan, khdng can
sir
giiip dd
ciia
ngudi Au chau nen khdng de dai vdi hp
nhu trudc niia,
trai
lai cdn nghi ngd hp mugn
tieng
la
budn
ban
de muu dd chinh tri.
Cac
hang hda hp chd den

hau
bet la hang xa xi
pham, chi
ban
cho vua, quan cdn
dan
chiing
thi khdng du tien de mua nhirng thir do. Viec
mua cac san vat dia phuang bi nha cam
quyen kiem soat, ngudi Au chau khdng dugc
true tiep budn
ban
vdi ngudi san xuat.
Ngugc lai, ngudi Trung Hoa gap gd ngudi
dan
que
san
xuat rat de de mua hang. Chiia,
quan
ca
hai
Dang
thi yeu sach
qua
dang, cac
tang pham,
qua
bieu, ban chiu lam giam rat
nhieu sd tien ldi kiem dugc.
Sir

ban che
ciia
Thanh
Thi
Vy, sdd, tr. 76.
IJai
tri)
eiiu thiioiiq
nhdn
ICii
Muu
53
cac thuong nhan
cliau •\u
do
each
hp doi xir
\di nhau (ky thi. tranh gianh. cd khi hp dimg
den ca khi gidi). ddi \di ngudi Viet, cd khi
hp diing nhirng thu doan bat chinh, gan nhu
eudp
bde.
Cac dieu
ii}-
lam cho ngudi Viet
khdng ne, vi the ma doanh thu cua ngudi Au
chau theo dd ma
su}
giam. Q Quang Ddng.
thi trudng mdi mo- cua cd lgi ho-n nen ngudi

Au chau chu}en han sang dd (tir dau the ky
XVlll).
3.
Mot sd ket luan
Nlia sau the ky XVII
(1635-1700),
cdc
thuong nhdn Hd Lan cd vai trd quan
trpng
nhat trong viic ndi kit
thitffng intii
giua
Nhat Bdn vdi Viit Nam.
Thuo'ng nhan phuo'ng Tay quan trpng
nhat budn ban vdi Dang Trong la ngudi Ha
Lan. Vdi nhirng uu the cua minh. ngudi Ha
Lan da cd nhiing nd luc thiet lap mdi quan he
budn ban
\'di
Dang Trong tir dau the ky
XVII
va den nam 1633. ngudi Ha Lan da
thiet lap dugc mdt tram budn
ban
d
Hdi
An.
"Nam
1634.
ngudi

ilu
Lan dua vdo Ddng
Trong mpt sd vdn lan. nhung vi ngudi
Nhctl
dd
lain
chu nen kinh le a ddy nen
htj
cht ddu
lu
3^.403
Irong Idng sd
57.28~
ddng lien Hd
Lun ho mang
iheo"
. Den thang 3 nam
1637,
tau Ha
Lan Grdn den Dang Ngoai.
thuyen trirdng Hac da dang cho chiia Trinh
hai khau dai bac. nhieu dan dugc
va
xin budn
ban. Chiia Trinh cho phep ngudi Ha Lan
dugc dat thuang diem d Phd Hien, ngudi Ha
Lan bit diu
chii
trpng Dang Ngoai. Viec
nay

da dem lai
kit
qua va sd lugng to Dang
"' Nhilu tac gia. Lich su kinh te xd hoi Viet Nam thi
kyXl'll
rd.\rill.
NXB Tre. TP.
H6
Chi Minh. 1999.
tr. 109.
Ngoai gia tang trong tdng sd lugng to- cho- tdi
Nhat, nhu vay thuong nhan Ha Lan
dii
tro-
thanh cau ndi lam cho mdi giao llnvong giua
Viet Nam va Nhat Ban khdng hi dirt rdi sau
1635.
Bir&c
sang the ky
XVIII,
6' Ddng
Ngodi vai trd cua thuong
nil
tin Hd Lan
khdng cdn
nuci.
Din giira thi ky
XVIII,
d
Ddng Trong ngudi Hd Lan cung rut khdi

hodn todn.
Sau khi chien tranh Trinh - Ngu}-en
chain dirt
(1672).
chiia Trinh dan to thai dp
lanh nhat vdi Ha Lan. linh hinh budn ban da
tro nen khd khan ho-n. lai them
sir
canh tranh
ciia cac lai
budn phuo-ng Tay khac, dac biet
la ngudi Anh. Lai budn Ha Lan than phien
ve chinh
sach gay
phien ha, mua re ban dat
ciia
chinh quyen Le - Trinh, ciing nhu thai dp
sach nhieu, tham nhimg, an hdi
Id
cua cac
quan tuan ha kiem soat tau
tliu}'en.
Ngugc
lai,
chinh quyen Le Trinh trach cir ngudi
Hii
Lan la khdng biet dieu,
tu\
da dugc chieu cd
uu tien nhung van khdng chiu tuan theo cac

luat le cua Dang Ngoai. Theo dd. cac tau
budn Ha Lan thirdng khai man de trdn lau
thue.
thudng chi khai mdt nua sd hang la cd
thuc,
gay thiet hai cho
1
rieu dinh. Sau khi
can nhae, nam 1700, Giam dde thuong
diem,
giam diem J.
Vanld
da quyet dinh ddng vTnh
vien thuang diem Dang Ngoai. nit nhan
vien, thiet bi ve Batavia. Cdn a Dang Trong.
thuang
nhan
Ha Lan sau khi
tha}-
budn ban
khdng cdn lai nhieu. lai khd khan xa sau khi
da yeu can Dang Trong
true
xuat bon lai Bd
Dao Nha va tra cac khoan ng khdng cd ket
qua.
Ha
Lan quyet dinh bo Dang Trong
\iio
nam 1758, ket thiic vai trd cua minh o'

y\n
Nam.