Báo cáo " Cuộc khủng hoảng hạt nhân Iran (2001 - 2008) và thái độ của châu Âu." pptx

cuoc
KHUNG
HORNG
HM
NHRN IRRN
(2001 - 2008)
vA THni DO
cun CHnu nu
PGS.TS. Nguyen Van Tan
D^i
hpc
Khoa
hpc
- Dai
hpc Hue
Ths.
Tran Ngoc
VT
Tru&ng THPT so
3
Qudng Trach
1.
Khai quat
chuong
trinh
h^t
nhan
Iran
trudc
khung hoang
Chuong trinh hat nhan cua

Iran
bat dau
dudi thai vua Mohammad Reza Pahlavi,
ngudi dugc Anh - My giiip
siic
quay trd lai
nam quyen sau cudc dao chinh
1953
lat dd
Chinh phil dan cir cua Tbu tudng
Mohammed Mossadegh. Nam 1957, My cho
rang che do Pahlavi
dii
tin tudng de cd the
ciing Israel hgp thanh hai tru cdt cho chinh
sach ddi ngoai cua My d Trung Ddng, nen da
quyet dinh ciing cd cac ddng minh nay bang
viec chuyen giao cdng nghe hat nhan trong
khudn khd "Chuang trinh nguyen tir vi hda
binh
"
ciia
My. Nam
1973,
cudc khiing hoang
nang lugng da mang lai ngudn thu nhap Idm
cho Iran, vdi ngudn tai chinh ddi dao cho
phep Iran day manh chuong trinh hat nhan
(Sau nam
1975,

sd vdn dau tu cho
ITnh
vuc
hat nhan len
1
ty USD).
De thuc hien chuang trinh nay, Tehran
hgp tae vdi Due, Phap, Thuy Dien vdi eac
hgp ddng tri gia
10
ty USD de xay dung eac
nha may dien nguyen tir. Kenh nhap khau
urani dugc thiet lap vdi Uc va Nam Phi.
Liic
dd, chuang trinh hat nhan Iran phat triln
tuomg ddi thuan lgi bdi chinh sach ngan chan
s\r
xam nhap ciia Lien Xd vao Trung Ddng
Clia My.
Cudc Cach mang Hdi giao (thang 2 nam
1979) da day quan he My
Iran
tir ddng
minh chien lugc trd thanh ke thu. Chinh vi
vay. chuang trinh hat nhan ma My img ho va
giiip do Iran da trd thanh muc tieu de My
ngan chan. Cac ddi tac cua
Iran
lan lugt
riit

khdi cac du an hat nhan cua nudc nay.
Nam
1983,
nha cam quyen
Iran
tuyen
bd ndi lai chuang trinh hat nhan dang bi gian
doan. Song Iran gap rat nhieu khd khan khi
dd bdi cac cudc nem bom
ciia Iraq
vao cac
CO
sd bat nhan eua nudc nay. Mat khac,
Iran
cd qua it cac nha khoa hgc. De khac phuc
tinh trang tren,
Iran
da giri hang ngan sinh
vien ra nudc ngoai dao tao va khuyin khich
cac nba khoa hgc cii trd vl. Ddng thdi,
Iran
tim kilm doi tac mdi - la Pakistan. Tir nam
1984,
cac nha lanh dao hai nudc da tiln hanh
thao luan xung quanh cdng nghe hat nhan va
chuong trinh hat nhan cua Iran. Sau khi
chiln tranh vdi Iraq
kit
thuc (1988), Iran lai
tim kilm cac ddi tac khac dk tai khdi dong

lai chuang trinh hat nhan, nhung chi cd Nga
va Trung Qudc
sin
sang diu tu nhim tim
Quda
UlLung,
luoAng,
kal nliuti
3^an
II
kiem khdng ehi lgi nhuan kinh tl ma ca lgi
ich chinh tri.
Thang 3 nam
1990,
van ban dau tien ve
viec phuc hdi nha may dien nguyen tir
Busbehr dugc ky ket vdi Lien Xd. Vi nhilu
li do, mai tdi ngay
8/1/1995,
hgp ddng chinh
thiic giira Nga vdi
Iran
mdi dugc ky ket.
Theo dd, Nga se xay dung cho
Iran
bai td
may phat dien bat nlian nudc nang, cdng suat
915 MW, 2.000 tan uranium tu nhien va
hang nam dao tao cho
Iran 15

chuyen gia hat
nhan. Tir nam
1991,
Iran
da cd hang loat hgp
ddng mua urani, cac tbiet bi lam nudc nang
tir Trung Qudc. Ngoai ra, Iran cdn tim each
phat trien chuang trinh hat nhan cua minh
thdng qua hgp tac bi mat vdi Trieu Tien.
Trong hai nam 1993 - 1994, dai dien
ciia
•^
f
Iran
da thuc hien nhieu chuyen cdng du tdi
Binh
Nbuong.
Trong cac thda thuan dat
dugc,
bai ben ddng y hgp tac va phat trien
hat nhan va Iran se cung cap 500 trieu USD
cbo qua trinb hgp tac dd'
Trudc viec chinh quyen Tehran tiep tuc
thai do thil dich ddi vdi My va theo dudi
chuong trinh hat nhan, ngay 7/5/1995, Tdng
thdng Bill Clinton da chinh thiie ky lenh
"cdm van kinh te quan trgng, mdi" ddi vdi
f
Iran.
Nam sau (ngay 5/8/1996), Qudc hdi My

thdng qua dao luat trimg phat
Iran
va Libya
(ILSA
- Iran and Libya Sanction Act), theo
f f
dd My tuyen bd se phat bat ki edng ty nao
diu tu tir 40 trieu USD trd len vao eae du an
diu lira va khi ddt d Iran va Libya.
' TTXVN (2008), My cdo buoc hop tdc qudn
su giira
Bdc Triiu Tien vd Iran, TLTKTG.
Tuy dimg trudc nhieu khd khan, song
chuang trinh hat nhan
ciia Iran
van tilp tuc
tien trien. Den cudi nhirng nam
1990,
Iran
da
phat trien mang ludi tren dudi 20 co sd hat
nhan nam pban tan tren khap lanh thd.
Tir nam
1998,
quan he hai nudc cd dau
hieu dugc cai thien khi My chu truong binh
thudng hda quan be vdi Iran. Thang
5/1998.
My tuyen bd
biiy

bd lenh trirng phat doi vdi
cac cdng ty nudc ngoai dau tu vao nganh
nang lugng
ciia
Iran.
Nhung vu khung bd
11/9/2001
vao nudc My da
lam
mdi quan be
bai nudc tdi te them, khi muc tieu trong
chinh sach ddi ngoai
ciia
My la chdng kbiing
/
ft
bd qudc te, va bg
ludn
cao budc
Iran
dang
ngam ngam ung ho cac td chiic khung bd
chdng
lai
nudc My va bi mat phat trien vii
khi bat nhan.
2.
Khiing hoang hat nhan Iran (2001
2008)
Van de hat nhan

Iran
ndi len khi ban bao
cao (9/2001)
ciia
Co quan Tinh bao Trung
uong My
(CIA)
td cao Iran sd hiru mot trong
nhiing chuong trinh bat nhan de san xuat vii
khi.
Ngoai
ra.
My cdn cho rang Iran dang tim
kiem cdng nghe lien quan den ten lira tir mdt
sd nudc, trong dd cd Nga va Trung Qudc. Tir
day, hat nhan trd thanh tam diem cang thang
trong quan he giiia My va Iran. Cang thang
gia tang khi My lien tiep cd nhirng tuyen bd
the hien
sir thii
dich. Trong Thdng diep Lien
bang ngay 29/1/2002, Tdng thdng My da xep
Iraq,
Iran
va Bac Trieu Tien vao cai gpi la
"true ma quy", la nhiing ke
tbii
kbdng "dpi
trdi ehung" vdi My. Ngay 20/9/2002, chinh
12

NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°l 1 (134).20T 1
quyin Bush cdng bd Chien luge An ninh
qudc gia mdi. Theo dd My
tyr
gianh lay
quyen danh ddn
pbii
dau khdng khoan
nhugng, khdng cham tre, d
miic
dg
t^n
khde
nbat neu cd the, ke ca viec sir dung vu khi
hat nban, cho
dii
ddi tugng chiu ddn
pbii
dau
dd la cdc nhdm khimg bd, cac qudc gia ma
My budc tdi la "bao trg khiing bo" cdc qudc
gia "ddc tai" san xuat va tang trir vii khi giet
f f
ngudi hang
loat
hay bat ki cudng qudc nao,
the
lire
nao dam thach thirc dia vj lanh dao

the gidi cua My.
Iran
da nam vao tam ngam
trong chien lugc danh ddn phu dau cua My.
Thang 12/2002, My td cao
Iran
bi mat
phat trien chuong trinh
vii
khi bat nban, va
cdng bd cac
biic
anh ve tinh ve hai co sd bat
nban dang dugc xay dung d Natanz va Arak.
Nham giam bdt
sir
nghi ki va
siic
ep cua
cdng ddng qudc te ve chuang trinh hat nhan
ciia
minh, ngay
11/3/2003,
Iran da cbo phep
gidi truyen thdng dugc tiep can, quan sat cac
nha may dien hat nhan dau tien cua nudc nay
dang trong qua trinh xay
dimg
tai tbi tran
Busbehr d mien Nam.

Trudc cudc khiing hoang hat nhan d
Iran
va
sir
that bai trong viec ngan
cbSn
cac
hanh ddng dom phuang
ciia
My, de bao ve
lgi ich cua minh ciing nhu nang cao vai trd
'
f r
cua minh trong eae mdi quan he qudc te
trudc My, thang 8/2003, Dire, Anh, Phap
(hay cdn ggi ia EU3) da de nghi Iran tien
hanh dam phan ve chuang trinh hat nhan cua
nude nay.
Din
thang 10 nam
2003,
Due,
Anh, Phap da ky vdi Iran mdt thda thuan,
theo dd ap dung nghi dinh thu bd sung trong
Hiep udc Khdng phd bien vii khi bat nhan
(NPT),
dong thdi cbo phep
Ccs
quan Nang
lugng nguyen tir Quoc tl (IAEA) thuc hien

cdc cugc thanh sat bat ngd tdi cac co sd hat
nhan
ciia
nha nudc Hdi giao. Dieu dd cho
thiy Iran muon thodt khdi cudc khimg hoang
va tinh the bi cd lap.
De chung td chuong trinb bat nban cua
minh pbuc vu muc dicb dan su, lam an long
cdng ddng qudc tc. ngay 18/12/2003. Iran
chinh tbiic ky vdn kien bd sung Hiep dinh
NPT. Qua dd, Iran da thuc hien thanh cdng
ke hoan binb chien lugc. tranh mdt cupc
chien
tire
tbi khdng can
sire
vdi My
theo
kith
ban Iraq, cung nhu tir bd chuong trinh hat
nhan vd dieu kien gidng Libya.
Thdng 4/2004, cac nba
lanh
dao Iran de
nghj thuang thuyet
true
tiep vdi My \e van
de bat nhan, nhung de nghi nay ciing bi Tdng
thdng My George W Bush tir chdi. De giam
sire

ep tir My, ngay
14/ir2004.
Iran da ky
hiep dinh vdi 3 nudc chau Au la Anh. Phap.
Diic
vdi ndi dung: Iran da chap nban ngirng
tam thdi viec lam giau uranium \
i
mudn mot
hiep dinh ve
lau
dai se cd dugc nhirng cam
ket ve van de an ninh. Vi cam
kit
nay bi
Washington tir choi, nen
Iran
lai tilp tue
chuang trinh lam giau uranium.
f ^
Cudi nam 2004, My gap nhieu khd khan
khi sa lay trong hai cudc chiln tranh
Afghanistan va Iraq, trong khi hai nba cung
cip hat nhan cho Iran la Trung Qudc va Nga
xich lai gin nhau, hinh thanb
thi
ddi trpng
mdi trong can can quyin
lire
toan ciu. Vi the

ehinb tri duge cune co
kliiln
Iran
canp
them
^ju&4L
khung,
ftaa^tg,
fiat nhatt
'3¥€UL
13
eung ran, day cudc khung hoang hat nhan len
miic
nguy hilm. Thdng 2/2005, Tdng thdng
Iran
Mohammed Khatami tuyen bd
Iran
se
khdng bao gid tir bd cdng nghe hat nhan vi
muc dich bda binh. Nga ung hd
Iran
va ky
thda thuan cung cap nang lugng cho
Id
phan
ling d Busbehr.
Trudc thdi do cung ran cua
Iran,
mdt lan
nira My cdng khai len dn

Iran
va ddi thay ddi
che dp. Nguyen Ngoai trudmg My
CondoUeezza
Rice ndi tai Qudc hdi My rang,
nudc dd la mdt trong sdu "tien ddn eua nen
chuyen che" ma My "mudn thay ddi che dp"
(Cuba, Myanmar, Zimbabwe, Belarus, Bac
Trieu Tien va Iran). Khdng chiu lui budc
trudc My, ngay 15/5/2005, Qudc hdi
Iran
thdng qua "Luat Sir dung ky thuat bat nban
cho muc dicb dan
sir".
Luat nay ddc tbiic
chinh phu khdi ddng lai boat ddng'
lam
giau
uranium, trao quyen cho chinh phu sir dung
nang lugng hat nhan cho muc dich hda binh.
Quylt tam theo dudi chuang trinh hat nhan
cua
Iran
dugc nang len khi dng Mabmoud.
Ahmadinejad,
ngudi theo dudng ldi ciing ran
r
r f
chdng phuang Tay gianh chien thang tai
cudc biu cir Tdng thdng

Iran
vao thdng
6/2005. Ciing tir day quan he hai nudc budc
vao giai doan eang thang mdi.
Thdng 8/2005, Tdng thdng G.Bush dua
ra tuyen bd dau tien trong hang loat tuyen bd
ring.
My se khdng loai trir kha nang tan
cdng vii
lire
ddi vdi Iran khi eao huge Iran
dang tim each phdt trien vu khi hat nhan.
Ddp lai, Iran tuyen bd sdn sang nit khdi Hiep
udc Khdng phd biln
vQ
khi hat nhan va se tir
f r r
bd tat ca cde cam ket
lien
quan den nang
lugng hat nhan trong trudng hgp My tan
cdng cdc muc tieu hat nhan
ciia
bp.
Mdi quan be
thii
dich giira bai qudc gia
tiep tuc dugc nang len d mirc cao, khi Tdng
thdng My Bush md ta Iran la mdt ddi
thii

cdng khai tuyen bd
"sir thii
dich tuyet
ddi'"
vdi My:
"Nhu
Al Qaeda vd nhirng ke cue
doan ddng
Sunni,
chinh quyen
Iran
ed nhirng
muc tieu ro rdng. Hg mudn xua dudi My ra
khdi viing ndy, tieu diet Israel vd thdng tri
viing Trung Ddng md rgng Chinh quyen
Iran vd nhitng ten dgi dien khung bd cua hg
da the hien su sdn sdng giet ngudi My. vd
gid
day,
Chinh quyen Iran dang ed gdng tim
cdch ed duge
vQ
khi hgt nhdn "
Ngay 11/4/2006, Tdng thdng Iran M.
Ahmadinejad tuyen bd Iran da dat dugc budc
phdt trien quan trpng trong chuang trinh phat
trien cdng nghe hat nhan cua minh va "Gia
nhdp edu lgc bg cdc nu&c ed cdng nghe hgt
nhdn.
Ddy

Id
ket qud cita su khdng eu cita
Iran.
Dua tren cdc quy dinh qudc te. ehiing
tdi se tiep tuc eon du&ng
eiia
minh cho den
khi ehiing tdi cd urani ldm gidu tren quy md
cdng nghiep
"
Hon the nira, Iran canh bdo se
f f '
cat
diit
cdc mdi quan be vdi IAEA neu nudc
nay phai ehju them cdc lenh trimg phat
ciia
phucmg Tay.
Ngay 8/5/2006, Tdng thdng Iran
Mabmoud Ahmadinejad da giri mdt birc tbu
dai
18
trang cho Tdng thdng G.Bush, de nghi
tien hanh mdt cudc ddi thoai toan dien ve
^
TTXVN (2007), Chinh sdch Iran
ciia
chinh quyen
Bush (phin I), TLTKCN.
14

NGHIEN
cau
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°11 (134).20n
mpi bat ddng giiia hai nude, bay td lap
trudng cua
Iran
khdng chi thuang lugng vdi
My ve van de chuang trinh hat nhan cua
minh, ma cdn bao gdm ca tinh hinh khu vue
Trung Ddng; Hay ndi rgng born, Iran muon
thuong lugng vdi My vl moi quan he giiia
the gidi Hdi gido va My. De nghi ndy ciing
bi chinh quyen Bush bdc bd.
Den
lugt
minh, ngdy 31/5/2006,
Washington da de ngbj tbam gia true tiep
vao cdc cudc dam phdn ve chuong trinh hat
nban cua
Iran
cimg vdi cdc qudc gia chau Au
vdi dieu kien Tehran phai ngimg ngay viec
lam gidu urani. Day dugc coi la mdt thay ddi
quan trpng trong chinh sdch
ciia
My ddi vdi
Iran.
Ngay ngay bdm sau (1/6/2006),
Iran

/
n>
f
cho biet san sang ddi thoai vdi My, song lai
tir chdi ngimg
lam
giau urani.
Ngay 6/6/2006, cdc nudc My, Nga,
Trung Qudc, Anh, Phdp,
Diic
da trao cho
Iran
mdt ban de nghi yeu cau Iran ngimg
toan bd cdc boat ddng lam giau uranium de
bat dau cac cudc thuang lugng thuc
sir.
Iran
hoan nghenh va cho rang nhiing de nghi dd
chiia
dimg
nhirng yeu td tieh
cue,
va thdng
bdo se tra ldi chi tiet vao ngay 22/8/2006.
Thdi ban tra ldi ma
Iran
dua ra chua bet thi
ngay
31/7/2006,
Hdi ddng Bao an Lien hgp

f f \
qudc thdng
qua
Nghi
quyet 1696,
yeu cau
f
Iran ngimg tat ca mgi boat ddng lien quan
den viec lam giau urani trudc. ngay 31/8,
ddng thdi de dga se dp dung cdc bien phdp
trimg phat ve kinh te va ngoai giao chdng lai
nudc Cdng hda Hdi giao nay.
Nhim gia tang sire ep vdi Iran, ngay
23/12/2006,
Hdi ddng Bdo an tilp tue thong
qua Nghi quylt
1737,
yeu cau
Iran
ngimg
ngay cdc boat dgng lam giau urani va thit
chat cdc bien phdp trimg phat. EU da thuc thi
nghi quylt nay bing cdcb phe chuan danh
sdch cdc cd nban va td chirc lien quan den
chuang trinh hat nban
ciia
Iran de pbong toa
tai san. Dac biet, vdi Ngbj quyet nay, Iran bi
cim van ddi vdi viec mua vii khi vd cdc nudc
Idn ban che viec ban vii khi cho nudc nay.

Nghi quyet
thii
bai de ra thai ban 60 ngay
cbo
Iran
de ngimg lam giau uranium, neu
khdng se bj trimg phat cimg ran hom trong
Nghi quyet thu ba. Ngay lap
tiic
Iran cd hanh
ddng trd diia vao ngdy 27/12/2006. Qudc hoi
Iran
ra quyet djnh ban che hgp tdc vdi IAEA,
ddng thdi keu ggi Chinh
pbii
da\
nhanh
chuong trinh hat nban. Trudc thai dp phdt la
cua Iran, ngay 24/3/2007 mdt lan niia Hoi
ddng Bao an Lien hgp qudc ra Nghi quyet
1747,
md rdng
lenh
trimg phat \a dp dat lenh
cam xuat khau vu khi
ciia
Iran.
Khdng dimg lai d ldi ndi, chinh quyen
Bush gia tang
siic

ep bing viec tang cudng
lire
lugng quan
sir
khi dua nhdm tau tin cdng
ciia
hai quan My do tau san bay Nimitz v
Stennis dan dau den viing Vinh (vao cuoi
thdng 3/2007), de dga lap lai kich ban Iraq.
Tuy nhien, ban than ngudi My ciing khdng
mudn diy tinh hinh vugt khdi tim kilm soat.
Dl giam tinh trang ddi diu kbdng khoan
nhugng vdi Iran, phdt bilu tai Vien Qudc te
Hoang gia Anh ngay
2/5/2007.
Thir trudng
Ngoai giao My Nicholas Burns ndi ring My
mudn "If
'
-
\Qud^
khungiiodng.
hat.nhan
3^€LtL
15
ilran
sau gan 30 nam bang gid, va hy vgng
5 tien
trinh nay se bat dau trong tuan tai Hdi
fnghi

Thiic day hda binh tai Iraq. Ddp lai,
thdng 6/2007, Iran ddng y ndi lai dam phdn
va cbo phep
IAEA
thanh sdt cdc ca sd hat
1
nhan. Budc di nay khdng chi la nudc cd
chien thuat nham tri hoan mdt lenh trimg
phat mdi eua Hdi ddng Bdo an ciing nhu kha
i nang My tan cdng ma mang thdng diep ve
viec Iran cd the dimg lai tai
ngudmg
lam giau
uranium dan
sir.
Khimg hoang leo thang vao 8/2007, khi
IAEA
cho biet han tiep tuc theo dudi boat
ddng lam giau uranium tai nha mdy Natanz,
vdi khoang 2.000 mdy ly tam boat ddng. Dau
hieu mdt cudc dung dau quan su giiia phuomg
Tay va han sap nd ra khi Ngoai trudng Phap
7 t
Bemard Kouehner khang dinh: The gidi phai
7
tff
"chuan bi cho mdt tinh hudng xau nhat"
Trong khi dd, tai khda hpp
thii
62 cua Dai Hdi

ddng Lien hgp qudc ngay 25/9/2007 tai New
York, Tdng thdng
M.Ahmadinejad
thdng bdo,
nudc dng da dat dugc trinh dp san xuat nhien
lieu pban bach cho muc dich hda binh d quy
md cdng nghiep va tuyen bd chuong trinh hat
nhan cua nudc nay la hoan todn hda binh va
minh bach, cdn cdc bien phdp trimg phat cua
Hdi ddng Bao an Lien hgp qudc la bat hgp
phap.
Cung ngay, Ha vien My thdng qua du
luat
xilt
chat cac bien phdp trimg phat han bao
gdm cim hgp tdc hat nhan dan su vdi cdc nudc
ung hg Iran, khdi dgng cam van tai chmh toan
ciu. Ddng thdi, Thugng vien My
cQng
xep luc
lugng Ve binh Cach mang Hdi giao Iran vao
danh sdch cac td cbiic khung bd, dgn dudng
7 f \
cho Tdng thdng G.Bush toan quyen phat lenh
tin edng Iran. Ngay
2/10/2007,
Tdng thdng
G.Bush yeu eau Bg Qudc phdng tbu hep dien
cdc mue tieu khdng kich d Iran neu nd ra chien
tranh tir 2.000 xudng

1.200,
tap trung vao cdc
CO
sd hat nhan va
lire
lugng Ve binh Cdch
mang. Khdng chiu
liii
budc trudc My, ngay
29/9/2007, Qudc hdi
Iran
ra nghi quyet liet
CIA
va quan dpi My vao cdc td chirc kbiing
bd. Song ben canh dd, Tehran lai cd ddng thai
xudng nudc, khdng de dpa "lap day Iraq" mdi
khi quan My nit di niia, ma td thien cbi tbam
gia kenh ddi thoai My -
Iraq
-
Iran
ve van de
an ninh fraq.
Ngay 3/12/2007, Hdi ddng Tinh bdo
qudc gia My da edng bd Bdo cdo Ddnh gid
tinh bdo qudc gia, trong dd cho thay:
Iran
da
ngimg chuong trinh phat trien vii khi hat
nhan tir nam 2003 va cho den thdi diem giira

nam 2007, chuang trinh nay van chua dugc
tdi khdi ddng. Hien nay,
Iran
khdng cd via
khi hat nhan cung nhu kbdng du kha nang
edng nghe de san xuat
pluton
cho viec che
tao vii khi hat nhan trudc nam
2015.
Nhirng
thdng tin duge dua ra chiing td nhiing cdo
budc cua My ve tham vgng nguyen tir
ciia
Tehran da bi thdi phdng qud mirc. Lan dau
tien sau 6 nam khimg
hoang.
My chu ddng
"xudng thang", lam giam eang thang quan be
giiia hai nudc.
Ngay 6/1/2008, cand tuan tra
ciia Iran
r f f
bat ngd tien sat cdc tau chien My dang di
16
NGHIEN
cau
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°n (134).2011
chuyen trong eo bien Hormuz. Tuy nhien,

neu de y ring
Iran
ehi cho cdc cand nhd
khdng cd kha ndng tin cdng ra thdm dd, cdn
phia My cbi gidi ban trong
vi?c
bdy td lo
ngai ve khd ndng dung dp quan
sir,
thi cd the
cho thay bai ben deu dang tim cdch "kiem
che"
de khdng mit the dien. Trong chuyen
edng du 7 nude Trung Ddng sau dd, Tdng
thdng My Bush da khdng de dpa chien tranh,
ma chi keu ggi cdc nudc trong khu vuc ngan
chan
Iran.
Trudc dd, phdt bieu tai Yazd ngay
3/1/2008, Gido
cbii Iran
Khamenei khang
dinh, khdng loai trir kha nang ndi lai quan be
vdi My, tuy vao thdi diem hien tai dieu nay
ehua mang lai Igi ich cho
Iran.
Trudc thdi do thieu hgp tdc cua Iran,
nham gia tang dp
lire,
ngay 3/3/2008, mdt

cudc hpp dac biet eua Hdi ddng Bao an Lien
r f
hgp qudc da thdng qua Nghi quyet
1803,
dp
dung nhiing bien phdp trimg phat cirng ran
hom do nudc nay tir chdi ngimg cde boat
ddng hat nhan nhay cam ciia minh. Ngay sau
dd, trong cudc hpp ngay 5/3/2008, Tdng
thdng M.Ahmadinejad da khang djnh: "Iran
f
\
r
se khdng thuang lugng
v&i
bdt ki ai ve vdn
de hgt nhdn cua minh. Ke tir bdy gid vdn de
hgt nhdn cita Iran chi dugc thdo ludn tgi
IAEA vd ndm trong khudn khd cdc cam ket
hai ben, ciing nhu Hiep
u&c
Khdng phd bien
vU
khi hgt nhdn (NPT) " Trude tinh the ngay
eang bat lgi, Iran da chu ddng keu ggi ndi lai
dam phan. Vao ngay 3/4/2008, Tdng thong
Iran M.Ahmadinejad tuyen bd: Iran san sang
tien hanh cdc cudc thuang lugng vdi cdc ben
f f \
lien quan den van de nay.

Ngay 14/6/2008, phuomg Tay yeu cdu
Iran
hgp tdc chat che vdi nhdm P5+1 (gdm 5
thanh vien thudng
true
cua Hdi ddng Bao an
va
Diic).
Doi
lai
viec ngimg boat ddng lam
giau uranium
ciia
Iran,
cdc cudng quoc
phuomg Tay thira nban quyen phdt trien boat
ddng nghien cuu, sdn xuit va sir dung nang
lugng hat nhan vi muc dicb bda binh. Iran
van td rd quylt tam theo dudi chuong trinh
hat nhan khi Tdng thdng M.Ahmadinejad
tuyen bd khdng nhugng bd trong van de hat
nhan
ciia
nudc minh bat chap phai bimg chiu
them nhirng lenh trimg phat mdi. Ngay
16/9/2008,
dng Herman Naeckerts, ngudi chi
dao cdc cudc thanb sat
ciia
Co quan Nang

lugng nguyen tir Qudc te IAEA o Trung
Ddng, da cdng bd mdt sd tai
lieu
va anh cho
thay
Iran
bi mat tim each che tao dau dan hat
f f
nhan. Cudi thdng 9, Lien hgp qudc ra mot
nghj quyet mdi yeu cau
Iran
ngimg ngay lap
tlic mgi boat ddng
lam
giau urani, nhung
khdng dp dung them bien phdp trimg phat
nao.
Ngdy 19/11/2008,
Iran
tilp tuc phdt
Id
"menh lenh"
ciia
Hdi ddng Bao an va van
pbong tda cudc dieu tra vl nhiing dau hieu
lien
quan den chuong trinb hat nban vi muc
dich phi dan
sir
cua nudc nay ma IAEA da

neu ra trong ban bdo cdo mdi trudc dd.
Lap trudng cung rin cua Tdng thong
G.Bush vl vin dl hat nhan
Iran
mgt lin niia
dugc khang dinh trong cugc hgp bdo cuoi
ciing trudc khi rdi Nha Tring
TO/ig
thing
G.W. Bush tuyen bd, CHDCND
Jrilu
Tien
va Iran
"
Mu&e.
kliiuiq.
kjoAnjg.
ftat nhAit ^^IUL
17
ivay,
khi rdi nhiem sd, Tdng thdng G.Bush
I
van ehua tim dugc giai phdp nao de cham
I diit
cudc khimg hoang hat nhan d
Iran.
Mdt
i
lan niia,
Iran

la van de de lai cbo Tdng thdng
,
ke tiep.
3.
Thai do ciia Nga, EU xung quanh
' van de hat nhan
o
Iran
1.
Thdi dp cda Nga
Trong cdc cudng qudc tren the gidi, Nga
. dang la nudc cd dnh hudmg va quan he than
thien nhat tai khu vuc Trung Ddng. Nga
khdng chi la ddi tdc tdt vdi ke
thii
cua My
(Iran)
ma vdi cd ban than ddng minh
ciia
My
(Israel). Nudc Nga dang la cau ndi giiia
phuang Ddng va phuomg Tay, la quan sdt
vien cua Td chiic cdc nudc Hdi gido. Vi vay,
Nga la nhan td quan trpng trong viec giai
quylt vin de ndi com tai khu vuc, nhat la van
dl hat nhan
ciia
Iran.
Vi dia - chinh tri, han nam sdt bien gidi
phia Nam, gin trung tam chien lugc cua Nga.

Quan he Nga - Iran ciing
i\liu
quan he ddi
ngoai cua Iran true tilp tdc ddng tdi toan
cue
dia - chiln lugc cua Nga. Nga dang bj My
chen ep chiln lugc toan dien, bi bao vay chien
lugc d phia Ddng
lln
phia Tay. Rieng d phia
Nam, do han tdn tai chinh quyen chdng My,
nen My khdng
thi
thuc thi kiem che chien
luge ddi vdi Nga. Iran trd thanh qudc gia then
chdt dl phdt triln dnh hudng cua Nga d Trung
Ddng va ban chl anh hudng
ciia
cdc nudc khde
d khu vuc nay. Ca Nga lan han cimg cd lgi ich
ehung trong viec bao ve lgi ich d Trung A -
Cdpcada va chdng lai su xam nhap cua
phuang Tay de dga
din
lgi ich cua hai nudc.
vi kinh ti, Nga ed nhiing Igi ich kinh te
ldn d Iran. Nga cd quan be hgp tdc kinb te va
ky thuat quan
sir
dac biet vdi Iran. Hai ben

da ky
kit
nhilu hiep dinh quan trpng. viec
Nga cung cip cdc loai vu khi hicn dai da gdp
phin gia tang ddng ke tiem luc quan su cua
Iran.
Iran da soan thao chuong trinh hicn dai
bda quan dpi trong vdng 25 nam
chii
yeu dua
vao vii khi
ciia
Nga. Ca Nga va Iran
deu
coi
nhau
la
ddi tdc thuong mai va dau tu quan
trpng. Hai ben dang cd nhirng du an dau tu
ldm. Cbi rieng nba mdy dien hat nban
Busbehr da buy ddng
din
300 doanh nghiep
Nga va tao viec lam cbo bom 20.000 ngudi
Trdnh canh tranh bit lgi, Nga va Iran da thda
thuan phan chia thi trudng dau khi, theo dd
phin ldn chau A la thi trudng
ciia
Iran,
cdn

Nga khai thdc thi trudng chau Au va tien tdi
hai nudc se thilt lap mdt "OPEC" khi dot.
Trong vdn de hgt nhdn Iran, Nga la nha
dau tu nudc ngoai
chii
yeu, la nudc cd nhieu
lgi ich khi tien hanh hgp tdc vdi Iran. Cbi
rieng du dn hgp tdc vdi
Iran
trong viec xay
dung nha mdy Busbehr da len tdi gan 1 ty
USD,
gdp phan dua nganh bat nban
ciia
nudc
Nga thodt khdi khiing hoang sau khi Lien Xd
sup dd. Nga bet
siic
coi trpng viec lgi dung
hgp tdc hat nhan va hgp tdc quan
sir
de tao
dung mdi quan he vdi
Iran,
hy vpng nhd
"true da dia li" ciia Iran de chi pbdi tinh hinh
chinh tri Trung Ddng, khdi phuc anh hudng
nirde
ldn trudc day tren the gidi. Thdng qua
^

TTXVN (2009), Chinh sdch cua Nga trong
viec hgp tdc hgt nhdn
v&i
Iran, Tai lieu tham
khao dac biet.
18
NGHIEN
cau
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°11 (134).20n
hgp tdc hat nban vdi Iran, Nga ed the tien
them mdt budc lam tang khd ndng ddi dau
giira My va Iran, ngan chan quan be My -
Iran di den cbd de dpa lgi ich chien lugc cua
Nga. Ddng thdi, van de hat nban
ciia
Iran
lam cbo tinh binb Trung Ddng cang thang,
gid dau the gidi tang Ien, Nga tu nhien dugc
lgi khdng it.
Vc phan minh, chinh
pbii
Nga van cho
rang hicn kbdng cd bang chirng nao cho thay
Iran dang tim each phdt tricn vu khi hat
nlian. Tuy nhien, Nga ciing Io ngai chuong
trinh hat nhan cua Iran phuc vu cbo muc dicb
quan
sir,
do dd da tim cdcb dan xep cudc

tranh chap hat nhan vdi nhiing de nghi thda
hiep nhu de nghj nhan lai nhiing thanh nhien
lieu hat nhan da qua sir dung ve Nga va ciing
f
vdi Iran lam giau urani tren dat Nga. Nga
khdng the chap nhan cd them mdt nudc
Idng
gieng cd bom hat nhan. Thdng 9/2003, khi
tra ldi phdng van hang truyen binh CNN,
Tdng thdng Nga V.Putin ndi: "Phia Nam
f f
nu&c
Nga xudt hien mgt qudc gia hgt nhdn
m&i Id
khdng phil hgp
v&i
lgi ich cita Nga "
Muc tieu CO ban khi giai quyet van de
hat nhan
Iran
cua Nga la vira ngan chan
Iran
cd vii khi bat nhan, ddng thdi ngan chan My
thuc bien muu dd chinh trj kiem sodt
Iran,
tlic ngan can My bien chinh quyen Iran than
Nga chdng My hien nay thanh chinh quyen
than My, xa rdi Nga. Chinh vi vay, Nga da
hgp tdc cd gidi ban vdi Lien hgp qudc trong
f

viec dua ra cdc lenh trirng phat ddi vdi Iran.
7 f
Quan diem
ciia
Nga
la
khdng mudn cd them
lenh trimg phat mdi. Nga ludn cd tinh tri
hoan hoac chi chip nhan mdt phan trong cac
dl xuit trimg phat
Iran.
Cudi cimg hg cung
ddng y vdi mdt sd bien phdp trirng phat,
nhung khdng bao gid dugc nhu y mudn
ciia
phuang Tay.
Trudc kha nang My vd ddng minh co
the sir dung vu
lire
chdng Iran. Nga luon
phan doi giai phap dd, bdi
vice
pha bo
nguyen trang d Iran se lam
iha\
ddi linh hinh
trong khu vuc, ddng cham den
quyen
Igi
ciia

Nga. Bd trudmg Ngoai giao Nga I.
Ivanov d5
nban manh: "Nga hy vgng rdng
nhirng yev
sdch eua My ddi v&i Iran se khdng ddn
ldi
cugc xung dot gidng nhu a Iraq Cupc lap
tran chung tren bien Caspi \ di Iran (7/2009),
mang thdng diep ma Nga giri tdi My la Nga
khdng dung
thii
cho bat ki kjch ban "thay doi
che dp" nao nham vao
Iran
- thanh tri chdng
My d khu vuc. Ngoai ra Nga cdn canh bao
My, Israel va cdc nudc phuomg
Tax
su dung
vii
lire
chdng
Iran.
Thuc tinh, vi lgi ich
ciia
minh, Nga
khdng hy vgng cudc kbiing hoang hat nhan
Iran sdm cham
diit,
it nhieu ky vpng My su

dung vii
lire
ban che (chi tan cdng cac muc
tieu hat nhan) ddi vdi Iran, khdng dan toi
thay ddi che do. Song lgi ich ma xung dot
kilu nay mang lai la rit ldn vi da loai bd
kh^
nang san xuat bom nguyen tir cua
Iran,
tang
them quan he ddi diu My
Iran,
lam phiic
tap them tinh hinh Trung Ddng. Khi dd, ca
My, phuomg Tay va
Iran
cin vai trd cua nuoc
Nga va anh hudmg, vi
thi ciia
Nga dugc tang
len. vl ca ban, Nga thuc bien chinh sach
thuc dung, thdng qua vin dk hat nhan
Iran de
^ude.
kfiuiLQ.
^mAtijg,
hat nhatt
J4fan
tim kiem lgi ich va tang cudng dja vi qudc te
ciia

minh.
2.
Thdi dp cua EU
EU va My cd muc tieu chung khdng de
cbo
Iran
phdt trien vii khi hat nhan, xda bd
mdi de dga hat nhan tilm tang nay. Vi vay,
hai ben ludn cd
sir
phdi hgp va hgp tdc gan
bd trong viec gidi quyet van de bat nhan
Iran.
Dau vay, hai ben van chua dat dugc
thdng nhat hodn toan do nhiing toan tinh tir
lgi ich chien lugc. EU da thua My trong viec
ngan chan "vii khi giet ngudi bang loat" d
Iraq,
nay EU khdng mudn nhugng bd My
trong van de
Iran.
Vi the, lanh dao nhd nudc
Hdi gido dang tim cdch khai thdc su ran
niit
ve chinh sdch giiia Washington va EU. Lap
trudmg cua
Iran
la lam suy yeu lien minh EU
- My chdng Tehran. Ted Carpenter, nba
phan tich chien lugc cua Vien Cato

Washington cho biet, EU va My chi "thdng
f \ f \
nhat ngoai mat" ve van de hat nhan cua
Iran.
Thuc bien chinh sdch chia re, Iran cbpn ddi
tdc dam phdn la EU chir khdng pbdi la My.
Khi dam phdn vdi Iran that bai, EU da dieu
chinh chinh sdch dua vdo Lien hgp qudc, gay
>
f
f \
y
Siic
ep vdi Iran nham giai quyet van de bang
phuang phdp ngoai giao. Do
chii
truang cua
EU tuomg ddi dn hda, thiet thuc va cho phep
Iran sir dung nang lugng hat nhan tren
miic
do nhit dinh, nen Iran
ludn sin
sang md cua
dam phdn vdi EU.
Nhu
vay.
My va EU cd nhiing khde biet
/ f f \
tir cdcb tiep can va gidi quyet van de bat
nhan cua Iran, khac biet dd bi chi phdi bdi

^ f
bai toan lgi ich. My ludn de xuat "chia se
gdnh nang"
cbii
chua de xuat chia se "lgi
ich" vdi bat
cii
ai. mudn thdng qua khung
hoang hat nhan de ldi keo cdng ddng qudc tc
ung bd muc tieu
ciia
My. Cdi ma My
Iheo
dudi la loai bd che dp hien nay d Iran, xay
dung mdt chinh quyen than My, tien tdi xay
dung mdt "Trung Ddng md rdng" thiet lap
sir
thdng tri tuyet ddi
ciia
My, khdng che
Nga, Trung Qudc lan cdc ddng minh
ciia
My.
Dimg dau md va vj tri chien lugc
ciia
Trung
Ddng de ep budc chau Au cd dau hieu "ddc
lap",
quay trd lai quy dao
ciia

My. Trong khi
dd, EU ciing cam nhan dugc nhumg bat lgi
neu de My mdt minh giai quyet van dc
hai
nhan
Iran,
bdi bp nban thay:
Ve
mat
dia
- chinh tri, Trung Ddng
each
xa My, nhung lai lien ke vdi chau Au. la
sudn chien
lugc.
Id
chan an ninh va "san
sau" cdc bien
ciia
EU. Vdi anh budng hien
nay cua
Iran,
neu khiing hoang hat nhan leo
thang, Trung Ddng tiep tuc bat dn dan tdi
thii
ban dan tdc va tdn giao. xa hdi rdi ren. lan
sdng di dan va tien cdng khimg bd.
iryc
liep
anh hudng va tdc ddng tdi chau Au chir

khdng phai la My.
Ve kinh te, Trung Ddng vdi ngudn tai
nguyen dau md pbong phu cd dnh hudng ldn
tdi nen kinh te EU nhieu bom la ddi vdi My.
"An ninh vd su phdn thinh
ciia
Tdy Au nha
cdy nhieu vdo Trung Ddng, dgc biet
Id
tdi
nguyen chien
lucre
ddu md
ciia
khu vuc ndy "
So vdi My, nudc dugc da dang bda ngudn
cung dau md, EU le thudc vao Trung Ddng
nhieu ban, chilm 52%) lugng diu sir dung
20
NGHIEN
cau
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°l 1 (134).2011
ciia
Lien minh
nay'*
Hien vdi 27 nudc thanb
vien, EU la ddi tdc kinb doanh ldn nhat cua
Iran,
ndm 2006 chiem tdi 27,8%) kim ngach

budn bdn
ciia
nude
nay^
11'
mat xd hgi, cdc nudc thanb vien EU
cd ddng dan sd theo dao Hdi, trd thanb mdt
lire
lugng chinh trj kbdng the xem nhe. Neu
EU mdt muc theo dudi My trong van de hat
nhan Iran, kbdng nhirng se lam mat di
sir iing
hd Clia dan chiing Hdi gido ddi vdi ehinb
sdch
ciia
EU ma cdn tu cham lira ddt minh,
dan tdi bat dn trong Lien minh. Nhu vay,
mdt
sir
thdng nhat hoan toan trong banh
ddng ddi vdi cudc khung hodng bat nhan
hien nay
ciia Iran
la bet sire khd khan khi Igi
ich
ciia
My va EU cd nhiing khde biet ldm.
EU van chu truang thuomg lugng de tim ldi
thodt, pban ddi banh ddng chien tranh cua
My

4.
Ket
luan
Trudc chinh sdch kiem che
ciia
My,
Iran
dang thdng qua van de hat nhan dk phd bd
the bao vay, cd lap va nang cao vj the trong
khu vuc. Cudc kbiing hoang hat nhan la co
hdi tdt de
Iran
md rdng khdng gian sinh tdn
qudc te cbo minh.
Iran
coi viec tang cudng
trang bj quan su, phdt triln ky thuat hat nhan
Id bien phdp hiru bieu de thuc hien muc tieu
chien lugc trd thanh cudng qudc, duomg uy d
f
\
Trung Ddng va the gidi Hdi gido.
"
TTXVN (2007),
Vdn
di hgt nhdn Iran vd vdn bdi lgi
ich
giUa
cdc nuoc
Ion,

TLTK CN.
'
TTXVN (2009), Chinh sich cua My
dii v6i
Iran,
TLTKDB.
DI
thue hien muc tieu dd, cdc nba lanh
dao
Iran
da coi cdng ngbe bat nban la pham
gia quoc gia, la niem tu bdo dan tdc. Hon
nira, viec lap ra mdt nen cdng nghiep hat
nban dan su dau tien d Trung Ddng dugc coi
la mdt budc tien quan trpng ddi vdi viec hicn
dai bda dat nudc va tang cudng quy che
cudng qudc khu vuc
ciia
Iran.
Ve phan minh, My da tir chd img ho
Iran
xay dung chuong trinb bat nban
chuyen
sang ngan edn nudc nay phdt trien chuong
trinh bat nhan nham phuc vu cbo quyen
lgi
ciia
minh d khu vuc. Trudc nam 1979. My
ludn giiip dd,
iing

hd Iran phdt trien chuang
trinb hat nhan, tir ky thuat tdi cung img
nguyen lieu. Nbung sau nam 1979. My tim
each
ngdn chan chuong trinb bat nban cua
Iran, bdi Washington cdn cho rang Iran la
trung tam
ciia
cdc phong trao Hdi gido chinh
thdng, noi khdi ngudn cdc boat ddng chdng
My cua
thi
gidi dao Hdi. Ddng thdi,
sir
troi
day
ciia
mdt
Iran
bat nhan cd
thi
gay ra mol
cudc chay dua hat nhan trong khu vuc, de
dpa true tiep Israel vd cac ddi tdc Arab
ciia
My. Thdng qua van dk hat nhan, nlu chi phoi
dugc
Iran
thi My cd
thi

giam manh tinh
thc^n
cua
ciia
chinh quyen Tehran, ha thip danh du
va tin nhiem cua hg trong
Idng
dan chung.
N .» ^
tao dieu kien
lat
dd chinh quyen bien nay d
Iran. Ve thuc chit, chinh quyin Bush quan
tam trude
hit din
viec thay ddi cdcb "irng
xu" cua cae nha lanh dao d
Iran.
Cudc khiing hoang hat nhan
Iran
nd ra
gan nhu ddng thdi vdi cudc chiln chdng
khung bd cua My. Luc diu, My co tinh tao ra
^Mpc.
killing ktmng kqt
nhan
3i'un
21
mdt cudc khiing hoang de thay ddi che dp
gidng

Iraq,
song thuc
lire
liic dd kbdng cbo
phep My tu quyet dinh van de. Khi nhan
thay My da sa lay trong bai cudc chien tranh
Afghanistan va
Iraq,
dang can tdi vai trd cua
nudc Idn d Trung Ddng, Iran da gia tang
miic
dp kbiing hoang nham tao dp
lire
vdi
My, budc My phai xudng nudc. Song vdi
mau thuan lau dai, ciing nhu de bdo ve danh
tieng, ca My vd
Iran
da khdng mudn tim mdt
ldi thodt thuc
sir.
trong khi dd cdc cudng
qudc khde mudn thdng qua cudc khiing
hodng nay de kiem lgi cbo minh, trdnh
sir
ddc chiem
ciia
My ddi vdi Trung Ddng.
Chinh vi lgi ich vd cdch
iing

xir
ciia
cdc ben
qud khde xa nhau, nen van de hat nhan
Iran
ngay cang trd nen nghiem trgng va khd tim
dugc mdt ldi thodt de cdc ben "deu thang"
Bai bgc ldm nhat trong cudc khimg
hoang bat nhan d
Iran
ddi vdi cdng ddng
quoc tl dd
la
niem tin. Khi nao cdn thieu
sir
tin tudng Ian nhau thi khdng cbi van de bat
f \ f f
nhan ma mpi van de
khde ciia
qudc te se
di
vao bl tic, Ilic dd tinh trang bat dn
ciia
the
gidi ngay cang tang, dieu ma khdng ai mong
dgi.
TAI
LIEU
THAM KHAO
1.

Donette Murray, US foreign policy
and
Iran,
Newyork, Routledge.
2010
f
2.
Dinh
Qiiy
Do, Chinh sdch
ciia
Mi ddi
vdi vdn di hgt nhdn Iran, Tap cbi Nhiing van
dl kinh tl va chinh trj
thi
gidi, sd 8/2008.
3.
Gordon Corera, Budn Bom, NXB
Van hda - Thdng
tin.
Ha Ndi.
2010.
4.
Nguyen Thai Yen Huong, Chinh
sdch ddi ngogi cua Mi trong nhiing ndm cudi
nhiem ki
ciia
Tdng thdng Goerge W
Bush,
Tap chi Nghien

ciiu
Ljch sir, sd
10/2007
5.
Ngd Huong Lien,
ThU
gidi
A
rdp vd
vdn di hgt
nhdn.
Tap cbi
Nghien
ciru Chau
Phi va Trung Ddng, sd
1/2009.
6. Le The Mau,
Ilie
gidi mdt gdc nhin.
NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia. lla Npi. 2010.
7 Dd Trpng Quang. Quan he
I
loa Ki
Iran Irong nua the
ki.
Tap chi Chau
MT
ngay
nay, so 3/2007.
8. Do Trpng Quang, Chuang trinh

hgi
nhdn Iran vd cugc khung hoang quan he
MJ
- Iran, Tap chi Nghien ciru Chau Phi va
Trung Ddng, sd 5/2008.
9. Dang Xuan Thanb, Chieu cgnh hgt
f f f
nhdn trong quan he qudc te vd trd chai chien
luge Mi - Iran, Tap cbi Nhumg van de kinh
te va chinh tri the gidi, sd 3/2008.
10.
TTXVN (2007), Vdn
di hgi
nhdn
Iran
vd vdn bdi lgi ich giira cdc nudc ldn,
TLTKCN.
11.
TTXVN (2007), Chinh sdch
Iran
ciia
ehinh quyen Bush (phdn I). TLTKCN.
12.
TTXVN (2008), My edo budc hgp
tdc qudn su giUa Bdc Trieu Tien vd Iran.
TLTKTG.
13.
TTXVN (2009), Mudi vdn di ndi
com xung quanh chuang Irinh hgt nhdn cua
Iran,

TLTKDB.
14.
TTXVN (2009), Chinh sdch cita
.My
ddi
v&i
Iran, TLTKDB.
15.
TTXVN (2009), Chinh sdch cua
Nga trong viec hgp tdc hgt nhdn vdi Iran.
TLTKDB.
16.
Pham Ngpc Uyen. Thdi do cua
.MT
f f ^t
ddi v&i vdn de hgt nhdn cua
I-Ran:
ihuc
trgng vd trien
vgng.
Tap chi Nghien ciru
f f f
qudc te, sd 65/2006.