Nghiên cứu cơ sở khoa học và đề xuất các giải pháp khoa học công nghệ đảm bảo sự ổn định và độ bền của đê biển hiện có trong trường hợp sóng, triều cường tràn qua đê khảo sát bổ sung tài liệu về địa hình, địa chất, khí tượng

BO
KHOA
HOC VA
CONG
NGHE
CHirONG
TRINH KHCN CAP NHA
NXTdC
KC 08/06-10
B6
TAI:
'Nghien citu cff
set
khoa
h^c
va
de
xuat cdc
giaiphdp
khoa hpc cong nghe bdo dam
sff
Sn
djnh vd
dp
bin cua de bien
hi$n c6 trong
tririmg hpp
song, triiu cuing trdn qua di"
Ma s6:KC08.15/06-10
BAO CAO
KHAO

SAT
Bd
SUNG
TAI
LIEU
V£ DjA
HJNH,
DjA
CHAT,
KHi
TU-aNG
THOY
VAN
02 VUNG TRONG
DieiWI
NGHIEN
CLTU
NAM
DINH
VA
HA
TINH
Ca quan chu tri:
Trii'6'ng
Dai hpc Thuy lpi
Chu nhiem
Sk
tai:
GS.TS. Ngo Tri Vieng
Ha

n61,
2010
BO
KHOA HOC
VA CONG
NGH$
CHirONG
TRINH KHCN CAP
NHA NUQfC
KC 08/06-10
D£
TAI:
"Nghien citu ca
s&
khoa hgc vd de xuat cdc
gidi
phap
khoa hoc cong nghe bdo ddm
sif
on dinh vd do ben cua de bien
hifn CO
trong
truamg
hffp
song,
trieu
cir&ng
trdn qua de"
Mas6:KC08.15/06-10
BAO CAO

KHAO
SAT
B6
SUNG
TAI
LIEU
ve
DjA
HiNH,
BjA
CHAT,
KHi
TU'gNG
THUY
VAN
02 VUNG TRQNG
BI^M
NGHIEN
CLTU
NAM
DINH
VA HA
TTNH
CHU NHIEM BE TAI
UAN
CHU TRI
Dito/
GS.TS.Ngo
Tri Vieng
BAN CHU NHIEM

CHlTONG
TRINH KC.08/06-10
'
PHb''|li|U TRLTONG
BO
KHOA
HOC
VA
CONG
NGHE
Ha
npi,
2010
Wi'
2
Pici I 2(H0
MVC
LVC
CHU-ONG 1 BANH GIA
DI^U
Klf
N D|A
HINH,
BjA
CHAT,
KHi
TU'GNG
VA
THOY
HAI

VAN VUNG
BI^N
NAM
BINH ;
2
1.1 T6ng quan ve
bd"
biSn
va
dS
biin
Nam
Bjnh
2
1.1.1 Bieu
ki^n
ty nhien 2
1.1.2
Bd-
bien Nam Bjnh 2
1.2 Banh gia
dl4u
kipn
khi
tirp'ng
thiiy hai van 4
1.2.1 Gio 4
1.2.2
Mua
4

1.2.3 Chi
ao
thuy triiu 5
1.2.4 Bao nhiet
ddi
5
1.2.5
NiFvc
dang do bao 6
1.2.6 Chi
dp
song 7
1.2.7
Vin
chuyen
bOn
cMvadilu
klfn
hinh thdi
bo-biln
7
1.3
Binh
gia
dilu
kifn
dja hinh
bv biin
vi
de

blln Nam
Bjnh 12
1.3.1
Bjahinh
tu-
nhien 12
1.3.2
Be biin
12
1.4 Banh
gia
dilu
ki^n
dja
chit
nln vimg
xSy
dyng de
biin
Nam Bjnh 15
1.4.1
Khu
vyc
Hal Hau
15
1.4.2 Khu vyc Giao
Thuy
16
CHU-ONG 2 BANH GIA
BlfeU

Klf
N
B|A
HJNH,
fljA
CHAT,
KHi
TU-t^NG
VA
THCIY
HAI
VAN
VCING
BI^N
HA
TINH
19
2.1
Gid*!
thipu
chung vl viing
biin
Ha Tinh 19
2.2 Banh
gia
dilu
kifn
khi
tu-ping
thOy hai

van 19
2.2.1
Mu-a
19
2.2.2 Dong chay sdng 20
2.2.3 Bao nhiet
do-i
21
2.2.4 Thuy
triSu
23
2.2.5
Nu'ffc
dang 23
2.2.6 Dong chay
biin
cat 24
2.3 Banh gia dieu kien dja hinh
bv biin
va de
biin
Ha Tinh 24
2.4 Banh gia dilu kien dja
chit
nln vimg xay dyng de bien Ha TTnh 26
2.4.1 Be bien Hoi
TJidng
- Nghi Xuan 26
2.4.2 Be Thach Ha -
huypn

Lpc Ha 27
CHU'ONG 3
KtT
LUAN
28
Tai lieu tham khao 29
CHU-ONG
1
BANH GIA
Dieu KlfiN
0|A
HINH,
DjA
CHAT,
KHI
TU-QNG
VA
THOV
HAI
VAN
VCING
BI^N
NAM
0|NH
1.1 TSng quan vl
bd-
biin wi
di
biin
Nam Bjnh

1.1.1 Dieu
k/?n
ty
nhien
Nam Sinh tilp gidp vdi
biin
Ddng vl phia Phia Ddng Nam vdi ddi bd bien dai
72 km,
thupe
dja gidi hdnh chinh cua 3
huypn:
Hdi Hau, Giao Thuy, NghTa Hung.
Dipn
tich cua 3
huySn
ven
biin
hon 720 km2, chilm
xdp
xi 44% dien tich tu nhien
Cila tilth.
Tinh Nam Djnh c6
4
con sdng Idn chdy qua : Sdng Hdng chay qua Nam Djnh
vdi chieu dai xdp xi 70 km, do ra
biin
Ddng qua cua Ba Lat. Sdng Ninh Co ddi 60
km la chi luu bd
httu
cda song Hdng, phan luu tai

cila
Mom Rd, dd ra
biin
Ddng
qua
ciia
Lach Giang. Sdng Ddo ddi 33,5 km Id phan
lim
cda sdng H6ng, hpp luu
vdi song Day
t^i
nga ba Dpc Bp, sdng Day chdy qua Nam Dinh vdi ehilu dai
gdn
80 km, do
ra
bien qua cda Ddy. Sdng Sd
la
nhanh sdng nhd nhan
nude
tir
cuoi
Sdng Hdng thdng ra
biin
Ddng qua cira Ha Lan.
Hai Hau
Id
mdt huyen ven bien phia Ddng Nam thupe tinh Nam Dinh, nam
trong khoang tir 20o00'
~
20ol5'dp vT Bdc

va
106oir~106o23'
d6 kinh Ddng;
phia
BSc
giap huyen Giao Thuy, Xuan Trudng,
True
Ninh, phia Ddng giap sdng
Ninh Co, phia Nam vd Ddng Nam gidp
Biin
Ddng vdi dudng bd
biin
dai 27km.
1.1.2
Ber
biin Nam Bjnh
Bd
biin
Nam Dinh keo dai tir
eiia
sdng Hdng
din ciia
sdng Ddy
Id
mpt ddi bd
biin
phdng,
dja
hinh
thim

luc
dja
tucmg ddi don gian vdi cac dang tich
tp
liln
chau thd, thoai
ddn
tir bd ra khoi. Nhin chung bdi
biin
tinh Nam Dinh hpp vd thip
khdng cd vat cdn ehe chdn (trir
2
bai Con Lu, Cdn Ngan
cOa huySn
Giao Thuy;
Cdn Xanh, Cdn
Md cua
huypn
Nghia Hung). Chieu rpng
bai
trung binh
tir
(100~150m)
cd noi
khdng
cd bdi
biin,
bien tiln
sdt
chan

de
(Hdi
Lj,
Hdi
Triiu, ).
Cao
dp
teung binh (0.00
~0.50),
cd
biet
cd
noi cao ttinh bai dudi
(-
LOO).
Xdi
Id bd
biin
dien
ra
rdt
phd
bien
gdy ra
nhigu
hau qua d
mite dO
khdc nhau
va
cd the

ehia
thdnh
4
doan nhu
sau
(xem Hinh
1):
Doan
1:
tit
ciia
Ba
L?t din
cua
H?
Lan
ndm
trong
khu
vpc
bdi tp.
Doan 2:
tit
ciia
Ha Lan
din
Con Trdn ndm ttong
khu
vpc
xdi

Id
Doan 3:
tti
Cdn
Trdn
dSn
eda Lach Giang tuong
ddi 6n
djnh
• Doan 4:
tir
Cflra Ljch
Giang
den
Cira Ddy ndm trong
khu
vpc
bdi
tp
Trong
dd
doan
bd
biin
Hdi
Hdu
bj xdi Id den 3/4
chieu
ddi tit
ciia biin H?

Lan
din
Cdn
Trdn,
khu vuc xdi Id
manh nhdt thu$c
dja
phdn
xd
Hdi Ly, Hdi
Chinh,
hien
vin
dang
bj xdi
mjnh,
khdng
cdn con cdt
phia ngoai,
dp ddc bd
bien
tir 2
-3%
1dm
cho
dudng
bd trd nen
tuong
ddi
didng,

dpc
theo hudng Ddng
Bde
- Tay
Nam.
TINH
HANAM
TINH
NINH
BiNH
/
TINH
(,
/
NAUOjNH
\
/
Haw
If
Hdi
Hai
J
I
MILf
O'/
Y
H*Tii^/
V
"fi^^i/
'H"W«

1 X \
NsksMme/
/ \
/
v^V
S.
/
-^V^'" vs
XL,/''^
ladi
GiangV
\^
CABiy
\ \
TINH
THAI
BiNH
Hina
GlasTknf
f
H«lw \
•.'& /
//
V
•^
?y
Jy
, ^
"}
CJaBil«l

VINH
BAG BO
SKh)
Dac diem hinh thai xdi boi
ciia do^n b6> biin
Nam Djnh
1.2 Banh gia dilu
kifn
khi
tu'p'ng
thiiy hai van
1.2.1 Gio
Xdt
trong b6i canh nghien
eiiu
cd
thi
ndi rdng Nam Dinh ndm trong khu vuc
bat lpi ve khi
h$u nhipt
ddi gid
miia.
Vl
mua ddng, chju dnh hudng eda hp th6ng
gid
miia
ddng bdc vdi cac hudng gid thjnh hdnh
14
Bde, Ddng Bde vd Ddng.
Vl

mda
he,
chju dnh hudng eda hp thdng gid
miia Tdy
Nam, vdi cdc hudng
gi'd
thjnh
hanh la Nam vd Ddng Nam. Hinh 2 bieu dien hoa gid theo cdc thdng dpa
tiin
tdi
li?u
quan
tedc
nhilu
ndm tji
tt^un
Vdn Lu.
•::^^-
^^=
1^.
y
\.
Hinh 1 Hoa gio theo cac thang tram Van
Lu-
- Nam Dinh
Cd
thi
thiy
ring
trong thdi ky gid mia Ddng Bdc tir thang IX

din
thang XII,
hudng gid Bdc thjnh hanh hon cd va tdn
sudt
dao dpng tir
19,8
~
29,7%,
tir thang I
din
thang IV hudng gid Ddng Bdc thinh hdnh hon cd vd tin suat dao dpng
til
25,2~41,9%.Gid miia Tdy
Nam
ho?t dOng
tir thdng V
din
thdng VIII vdi hudng
gid Nam thjnh hdnh hon ca vdi tin suit tir
19,5
~ 35,9%.
1.2.2
Mva
Tai Nam Djnh miia mua tudn theo quy
ludt ciia
khu vuc Ddng Bdc
bp:
bdt dau
tir thdng 5
din

thdng 10, vdi lupng mua trung binh nam
biin
d6i ttong khodng
1.700 den
l.SOOmm.
Phdn bd khdng mua cdc thdng khdng
diu
nhau, 85% lupng
mua xay ra vao miia mua.
Lupng mua trung binh thdng
Idn
nhat dat vdo thdng 9 vdi lupng mua bien ddi
tir 350 ~ 400mm. Lupng mua trung binh cdc thdng
miia
mua la 244 mm (xem
Bang 1). Lupng mua trung binh cdc thdng
mda
khd ehi dat 48,6mm. S6 ngdy mua
trung binh nam Id 140 ngdy, sd ngay mua trung binh cdc thdng tuong doi dong
deu, pho
biin tii
9 ~ 15 ngdy.
Bdng
1 Lu'p'ng
mua trung
binh thdng trf m Vdn
L^
-
Nam
Djnh

Tr^m
VSnLJ
1
23,8
11
34,0
111
37,6
IV
70,1
V
131,
5
VI
183,
4
Vll
211,
3
VIll
339,
5
IX
393,
3
X
226,
7
XI
80,6

XII
22,1
Nhu
v^y
cd the thdy
rdng.
Nam Djnh ndm ttong khu vuc cd lupng mua vira,
lupng mua phdn b6 tuong ddi ddng
diu.
Vin dl mua lu tir sdng d viing
biin
Nam
Dinh do
vdy
khdng
nghi£m
ttpng.
12.3
Che dg
thuy
trieu
Chi dO
thiiy ttilu d khu vuc nghien
cihi
ndm ttong
chi
dp ttilu vjnh Bdc Bp
Id
chi
dd nhdt triiu vdi

bi6n
dp khd Idn vdi bien dp bien doi tir 1,5 ~ 2,0 m. Muc
nude
triiu tai Vdn
L^
vdi muc
nude
ttilu tai Hdn Ddu cd he sd tuong quan dat 95
%. Chu
k^
khodng 25 ngdy va ttong
mOt
ngdy cd ciing ed
mOt
dinh vd mpt chan
triiu. Muc
nude
triiu
Idn
nhdt tai Ba Lat theo ehu ky 19 ndm cd
th8
dat tdi eao
ttinh 1,75 m
(h§
cao
dO
VN-2000).
Nhu
vpy
ttong dilu kien triiu cucmg

kit
hpp vdi
nude
dang thi muc nude
trade
de khd 16n, sdng do dd cd
thi
tiln sau hon do dieu kien dja hinh bai trade de
thip va cd
thi
tdc dpng true tilp len
d8.
f.2.4
Baonhi^ta&i
Nam Dinh chju anh hudng true tilp
hojc
gidn
tiSp
cua bdo vd dp thdp
nhi^t
ddi,
xay ra ttong thdi gian tir thdng 7
din
thdng 10. Tir ndm 1990
din
ndm 2000
ttong
viuig
da chju anh hudng cua tten 50 con bao. Bdo thudng hinh thdnh tir phia
tay Thdi Binh Duong, vupt qua Philippines vdo

biSn
ddng sau dd do bp vdo bd
biin
Trung Qudc,
Vi6t
Nam
ho|e
tan tten
biin.
So lieu thdng
k6
cho thiy hdng nam, trung binh cd hi 4 - 6 con bdo do
bd
vdo bd bien miln Bdc
Vipt
Nam gay dnh hudng
trpc
tilp
hojc
gian tilp
din
bd
biSn
Hai Hdu, tuy nhien
cQng
cd nhimg ndm cd hon 10 con bdo do bp nhu ndm
1964,1973,1989.
Cd the
nh|n x6t
rdng Nam Djnh ndm ttong khu

vpc
chju dnh hudng thudng
xuyen cua bdo vd dp thip
nhipt
ddi (xem Hinh 3). Bdo
kit
hpp vdi nude dang vd
sdng
Idn
cd the gay nhihig tdc dpng bit lpi cho khu
vpc
bd bien ciing nhu
Id
nhiing cdng trinh bao
vp
bd
biin
tinh Nam Djnh.
Hinh 2
Bu-vng
di cua cac can bao tip
1950
- 2000 do bo vac vjnh Bac
Bp cho thay Nam Binh nim trong khu vyc trung tam cua viing anh
hu'dng
f.2.5
Nirac ding do bao
Nude
ddng trong khu vuc xdy ra khi cd anh hudng cua gid trong bao vd dp
thip nhiet ddi. Bd

biin
Nam Dinh ndm ttong khu
vpc
vjnh Bdc Bd
nSn
khi cd bao
d vinh Bdc Bp
diu
gay ra
nude
ddng,
nude
rut d viing
biin
Nam Djnh, khu vuc
phia
bdc con bao chiu anh hudng ciia nude dang, khu vuc phia nam con bao ehiu
anh hudng cda
nude
riit.
Cdc con bao dp bp vdo cdc tinh Ninh Binh, Thanh Hda,
Ngh?
An, Hd TTnh gay
nude
ddng tai bd
biin
Nam Dinh. Bdo cdo chuyen dl
"Khao sat
nghiSn ciiu
cdc ylu td tp nhien vung

biin
Nam Djnh" eua
Vipn
Khoa
hpc Thuy Lpi cho thiy: ttong
mdt
s6 con bdo do bp vdo cdc tinh ndy trong cac
ndm tir 1975
din 1989
gay ra
nude
dang tit 0,5
din Im t?i
bd bien Nam Dinh. Bao
Damrey (sd 7, 2005) gay ra chiiu cao
nude
ddng quan ttdc
dupe
d Hdi
H?u
Id 2,05
m.
Do bd bien Nam Djnh thip
nSn nude
ddng dnh hudng
Uvc
tilp tdi tuyen de
bito.Thdi
gian duy ttl
nude

ddng ttwig binh tir 5
-10
tilng va dat dinh trong
Idioang
1- 4 tilng. Thdi gian
nude xuing
ttung binh tir 15 -20 tilng. Nude dang
nguy hilm nhit khi td hpp vdi thdi dilm triiu cudng.
12.6
Che dg
song
Bd bien Nam Djnh
Id mOt
bd
biin
hd, tucmg ddi thdng theo hudng D6ng
Bdc - Tdy Nam, khdng cd dao che chdn d ben ngodi, bd
biin
thodi va thip, do dd
sdng vdi dd gid dai
truy6n
trpc tiep vdo bd md
khpng
gdp vat cdn gd, gay tdc dpng
manh tdi bd
biSn eung
nhu cdc edng ttinh bdo
vp
bd.
Ch6 dp sdng d Nam Djnh ed ede ddc diem nhu sau (xem bieu dd hoa sdng tren

Hinh
4):
- Vdo mua ddng, tir thdng 9 ndm
trade
den thang 3 ndm sau, song
biin
dii
dpi hon mua he vdi nhiing con sdng cd chiiu cao tir 0,8~lm va chu ky song tir
7-10
s. Hudng sdng thjnh hdnh la Ddng Bde tao vdi dudng bd mpt gdc
biin
ddi tir
30 - 45°. Vdo thang 10, thang 11, sdng ket hpp vdi triiu cudng tao ra muc
nude
uy hiep bd bien va cac cdng ttinh bdo ve bd.
- Vao mua He, tir thdng 4 den thdng 8, cd rit it ngdy sdng
biin dii
dpi,
nhimg ttong
miia
nay, cao con bao
Idn
thudng xdy ra, neu bao dd bp trite tiep hoac
d lan cdn thi sdng vimg bd rit Idn gay ra thiet hai ddng kl cho bd bien va cac cong
ttinh bdo
vp
bd. Chiiu cao sdng trang binh bien doi tir 0,65 -
Im
vdi chu ky 5 ~
7s.

Hudng thinh hdnh
ciia
sdng trong miia nay
Id
hudng Nam vd Ddng Nam.
12.7'
V$n
chuyen bun cat
va dieu ki^n hinh thai bcrbien
Vdn chuyin
btin
cdt d khu vuc Nam Djnh phu
thupe
vdo ede ylu td dpng lue
ven
biin
va chiu anh hudng
true
tiep lupng
biin
cdt tir cdc con sdng ttong khu vuc,
chd ylu la sdng Hdng. Hiu
hit biin
cat trong
he
thdng sdng Hdng
dupe
dd ra
biin
qua 6 cira song Thdi Binh,

Difim
Diln, Tra Ly, Ba Lat, Lach Giang, Ddy,
H?
Lan.
Bun cdt
dupe
bdi tich manh d cira sdng Ba Lat phia bde bd bien Hdi Hau, tiep den
la
t?i
cira Ddy d phia nam bd
biin
Hdi
H|u.
Tuy
nhiSn,
ciing vdi
vi$c
bdi tu
mjinh
mS
nay thi xdi
Id
d bd bien Hdi
H$u
eung kha manh
li?t.
0 10 20
30
Hinh 3 Bilu dd hoa song theo cac thang vung
biin

Nam Bjnh
Bim cat sdng Hdng tuong ddi Idn, ddc
bipt
ttong cdc thdng
miia
lu ed
din
80%
lupng
biin
cat hang ndm
dupe
dd ra
biin,
dudi tdc dpng eua sdng gid
biin
cdt
dupe
tich dpng d phia Ddng vd Ddng Bdc cda nhdnh sdng Hdng cdn ttong ede didng
mua ddng bim cat dupe phdn bd d phda Tay Nam.
Lupng bim cdt cua sdng
Hing
do ra bd
biin
Thdi Binh, Nam Dinh trong mpt
ndm Id rdt
Idn.
Lupng bim cdt ndy phan b6 khdng
diu
ttong cdc thdng, 91,5%

lupng bim cdt
v|n
chuyin vdo
mda
lu vd 8,5% vdo
miia
khd. Cd tdi 30% lupng
bim cdt
dupe
vdn chuyin, ttong dd cd tdi 48%
Id
cat, 43%
Id
cdt pha set vd 9%
s6t
se
Idng
dpng d vimg cflra
biin
va phdt triln thdnh cdc roi cdt (ndm d dp sdu dudi
2m).
Phan cun
l?i
(70%) chd ylu Id dat
s6t
va biin edt lo
lu-ng
theo diing triiu ra
khu
vpc

nude sau (ndm d
dd
sau
til
2
-
30m).
Tren eo sd phdn tich cdc sd
lipu
thu;^
- hdi vdn, ban do dja hinh nhieu thdi ky,
cac tu
lipu
dnh
v$
tinh
dd
phan giai cao da thdi gian vd
ede
tdi lieu nghien
euai
khdc c6 lien quan, tinh ttjng cac cu:a sdng va vung ven bien Hdi Hau Nam Dinh
ttong khodng thdi gian hon 90 ndm qua (1912-2003) dupe ddnh gid qui mo diln
bien phat triln nhu sau:
Ddy Id viing bd bien thap ndm giGa hai cda sdng
Idn Id
Ba Lat vd Lach
Giang, dudng bd bien ddi keo dai theo phuong Ddng Bdc - Tay Nam dang bi xdi
Id nghiSm
ttpng ttong nhilu ndm qua.

•
Giai
dogn nam
1912
- 1935: Viing boi tu manh diln ra tai khu vuc nam
kl cdc cira sdng
Idn:
tai cdc xa Giao Lac - Giao Long (Giao Thuy) va Thinh Long
(Hai Hdu), keo ddi
thSm
2-5 km. Vimg bd
biin
xoi
Id
manh thudc dia phdn
huyfin
Hai Hdu, bdt dau td
eura
Ha Lan tdi dja phdn xa Hdi Hod, viing xdi manh
nhit
thupe
dia phan cdc xa Hai Ddng - Hdi Ly vdi chieu rpng
tii
300 ~ 350 m.
• Giai dogn nam
1935- 1965:
Vimg xdi
Id
chinh chuyin dan sang doan bd
biin huy^n

Giao Thuy vdi ehilu ddi ving xdi tdi 15km, rpng tit 200 ~ 280m,
thudc dja phdn cdc xa tir Giao Xuan, Giao An tdi Bach Long. Tren
dopn
bd Hdi
Hdu, viing xdi Id keo ddi
tii
xa Hdi Ddng tdi xd Hdi Triiu, ehilu ddi tdi
14,5km
vd
chiiu rdng tit 150-180m,
rOng
nhit tdi 350m. Vimg
bli
tp dien ra chu yeu tren dia
phan cdc xa Bach Long - Giao phong (Giao Thuy), Hdi
Ldc
- Hdi Ddng, Thjnh
Long(Hdi Hdu).
•
Giai
dogn nam 1965 ~ 1989
: Hipn
tupng xdi Id bd
biin
dien ra d hdu
hit
doan bd Hai
HJu-Giao
Thuy, gdm cdc xd tir Giao Xuan den Giao Lam (Giao
Thuy) vd tir Hai Lpc

din
Hdi Hod (Hdi H$u). Chiiu ddi tong cpng vung xdi
Id
tdi
33,5km. Viing xdi
Id
manh nhit
thuOc
dja phdn cdc xd tir Hdi Ddng
din
Hdi
Chinh, rpng trung binh tir 250-300m vd
Idn
nhit tdi 400m. Viing bdi tp dien ra chd
ySu
tten cdc
doi cat ndm ke cdc cua Ba
L?t
va
L?ch
Giang.
• Giai dogn ndm 1989 ~ 1995
: Hipn
tupng xdi Id dd gidm do cae viing xdi
dd dat
d6n
chdn tuyen de
biin.
Cdc
dosm

bd xdi
Id
vd bdi tp ndm xen ke nhau chieu
ddi tir 1,5 - 2,5km. Vimg bdi tp ndm tt6n
dopn
bd giiia
huy^n
Hdi Hdu vd Giao
Thuy.
•
Giai
dogn ndm 1995 - 2003
:
Tuong tu giai
do^
trudc,
hipn
tupng xdi
Id
dd dupe
hpn
che do vimg xdi dd dat
din
chdn de bien. Cac viing bdi tu vd xdi Id
nhp ndm xen ke nhau tten cdc doan ngdn. Vimg bdi tu manh diln ra phia Giao
Thuy
thupe
cdc xd ndm ke cda Ba
Lsit.
• Vimg bd bien vd

h?
thdng de ke
Hdi
Hdu trong
thai
gian gdn day
Bd
biin
Hdi
H|u
hi xdi manh ttSn ehilu dai 17.200m, tdc dp trang binh
14,5
m/nam;
Idn
nhat
20,5in/ndm.
Den thdng 3/2000, da xdc djnh
dupe
Hdi Hdu cd
10,4km
bd rit nguy hiem, do tinh xung yeu cua de ke vd
mjt
dp ddn cu tap trang
cao sat bd. Chiiu ddi
15,6
km
en
lai tam thdi dn dinh do da dupe ke be tdng theo
du an PAM (4km) hoac phia trade cd cdn edt chdn
(11,6

km).
Dogn bd
thupe
xd Hdi Lpc:
Dupe
boi tu vdo miia he vd xdi Id bd eat vdo mua
Ddng
t?o
thanh cac vach
dflmg
cao
1
~l,5m.
Dogn bd
thupe
xd Hdi Dong:
Ikm
dau tien gidp xd Hai Lpc bd dang bi xoi Id
manh, 1dm sdp mdi de tao thanh vdch
diimg
2m.
Dogn bd
thupe
xi Hdi Lu: Cd 1,8 km doan phia Bdc tilp gidp
tiac
tiep vdi
biin
nhd cac con cdt phi lao, dita
djii
rdng (50-100)m. Phia ttong

Id tuyIn d6
dit,
dip cao khdng kd. Sat
Id
bd cdt tu nhien da tao ra vdch ddc cao (0,6~l,0)m.
Khoang 1,2 km phia Nam
Id
doan bd Vdn Lu cd ke
Idt
mdi vd ke nhd 6
vudng
10
ngan cat chdng xdi
Id,
dd cd 200m diu bj phd huy
s|ip
mdi, tuyen de phia ttong
dupe cdng cd, tdn cao vd kd be tdng 750m theo dp dn PAM.
Dogn bd biin
thupe
xa Hdi Chinh: Cd 1,6km bd
dS tuyIn
ngodi dd bj phd huy
gdn nhu hoan todn, chi cdn sdt lai nln
i&.
TuyIn de chinh dd
dupe
ke Idt mdi ttong
du dn PAM va dd hinh thdnh
mOt tuyIn

de trong cdch 200m. Khodng gan 2km bd
de phia Nam cdn lai chua dupe
k^
bdi tdn
t?i
ddi hpp
c6n
cdt cd ttong phi lao.
Dogn bd Ihupc xd Hdi Triiu: cd 2km ddu
tiSn
dang bi
spt
Id nghiem trpng.
Tuyen de ngodi dang bj phd ra d 3 cho. Khodng 1,5km de pn lai phia Nam
tuong
ddi on djnh, bdi phia trade cda
tuyIn dd
ngodi ed cdn cdt phi lao rpng 100m.
Dogn bd
thupe
xa Hdi Ha: TuyIn d6 ngodi dd dupe be tdng theo du dn PAM,
phia trade
mjt ki
cd cdn cdt phi lao thua rpng (40~70)m, dang xdy dung
tuyIn
de
du
pbng
phia ttong
each

khodng 200m. Khodng 0,5km bd
thupe
lang Xuan Tnmg
chi cd cdn cdt phi lao rdng 50m dp sdt
tuyIn
de ngodi vd chua
dupe bS
tdng
nSn
doan de ndy cd nguy co bj phd huy khi ttilu cao va sdng Idn dd vdo bd. Vdch xdi
Id
d bd edt tu nhien nay cao (30~50)cm. Khodng 1,6km giiia xd Hdi Ha ed
tuyIn
de ndm
liii
khodng 260m,
dS
chua dupe ke v phia
trade
de cd ddi cdn cdt rpng
(50-100)m, vach xdi Id tu nhien d doan bd ndy eao (0,5~I,0)m.Khodng 1,3km
doan
cudi
xdi
Id
tao vdch diing cao (0,5~0,75)m, khdng cd tuyen de du phng d
phia ttong.
Dogn bd xS Hdi Thinh: chua dupe ke va khong cd tuyen de du phng. Khodng
3km bd phia Bdc cd dai cdn cat rdng (50~100)m dp sat de
biin,

xdi
Id
tao vdch
dflng
cao (0,8-l,6)m. Thdng 10/1999 nude ttilu ddng eao cdng vdi gid miia
thfli
manh dd lam sat
Id
vd phd
hiiy
bd rit
nghiSm
ttpng vdi ehilu rdng tir (10-50)m.
Khodng 2,2km tilp theo bd cimg dang bj
s?t Id
manh
tpo
thanh vdch (0,6-l)m,
phia
trade
d6
biin
cd ddi cdn cdt rdng (25~30)m, md ddn vl phia Nam tdi 200m.
Doan cudi ciing
cila
xa Hdi Thjnh dang dupe bim cdt tich tp hinh nem phat ttiln ve
phia
Nam.
11
1.3 Banh gia

dilu kl#n
dja hinh ba
blln
va de
biin
Nam Bjnh
13.1 Dja hlnh ty
nhiSn
Dja hinh nhin chung bdng phdng thodi ddn tir Bdc xuong Nam vd dan ra
biin,
tuy
cd xen ke mdt sd vimg
trOng
thap, song cd
thi
phan 1dm 3 viing dja hinh tp nhien:
- Vimg chiem
triing
(Bdc sdng Ddo) gdm
huy^n:
Y
Yfin,
Vp Bdn, My
Ldc
va cdc xd, phudng phia Bdc thdnh phd Nam Dinh.
- Vimg ddng bdng vd vimg ddng bdng ven
biin
ndm phia Nam sdng Ddo
gdm cac
huy^n:

Nam Trpc, Trpc Ninh, Xuan Tradng, Giao Thuy, Hdi Hdu, NghTa
Himg.
- Vimg bai bdi ven
biin
t|ip
trang d
eiia
sdng Hdng (bai Cdn Ngan, Cdn Lu)
thupe huyen Giao Thuy eda sdng Ninh Co, cu:a sdng Ddy (Ddng, Tdy, Nam Diln,
Cdn Xanh) thupe
huy^n
Nghia Hung.
Cao ttinh dit tp nhien ph6
biin til
+ 0,75 - +0,90, nhirng khu vpc eao ed
cao trinh tir +2,0 - +2,5 vd nhiing khu vpc thip cd cao ttinh tir +0,30 - +0,40.
0
khu vuc Hai Hdu them luc dja tuong
dfli die
hon, bai bien cd dp ddc binh qudn tir
1 ~ 2% ttong pham vi 200m tir chdn de sau do thodi ddn, cae dudng ddng
miic
chay song song vdi bd
biin.
Tuyen de
biin
tinh Nam Dinh dupe hinh thdnh each day khodng 250 nam
-
300 nam. Tuyen dd
biin

ed nhiem vu bao vp cac huyen: Giao Thuy, Hdi Hdu,
NghTa Hung, Xuan Tradng vd 6 xa phia td sdng Ninh Co eua huyen True Ninh vdi
tdng difn tich
tir nhiSn
87.128 ha, ttong dd
dipn
tich canh tdc 52.198 ha chilm
59,%,
tdng s6 ddn 923.500 ngudi. Viing dnh hudng
true
tilp cua
tuyIn d6 biin
Nam Dinh
Id
38.300 ha dit tp nhien trong dd cd 23.850 ha dit canh tdc vd tinh
mang, tai sdn cua 536.200 ngudi ddn sdng trong khu vuc ven
biin tliupc
3
huy$n
Giao
Thu^,
Hdi Hdu vd NghTa
Himg.
13.2
Debien
De biin
Nam Dinh
ch^y
theo 2 hudng: de Giao
Thu^

chay theo hudng Bdc -
Ddng Bdc,
d6
Hai hdu
chsiy
theo hudng Ddng - Ddng Bdc vi vdy ttong thdi ky
miia
mua hay
miia
khd,
diu
chju dnh hudng do gid
miia
Ddng Bdc hay gid
miia
Ddng Nam. Tdng chiiu ddi
tuyIn
de bien Nam Dinh
Id
91,981 km trong do:
tuyIn
12
de
huy6n
Giao
ThuJ
ddi 32,333 km (vdi 15,5 km trpc
dipn
vdi
biin),

tuyIn dS
Hdi
Hdu ddi 33.323 km(vdi 20,5km tt^c difn vdi bien),
tuyIn
de NghTa Hung ddi
26,325 km (vdi 4,8 km tt\rc
difn
vdi
biin).
Ba
tuyIn
de ndy
dupe
ndi tilp vdo cdc
tuyIn
de
hiJu
sdng H6ng, de td -
hihi
sdng Sd, de ta -
hOu
sdng Ninh Co vd de ta
sdng Day tao thdnh mpt
h?
thdng de
kh6p
kin bdo
vf
vung trpng dilm kinh tl, xd
hpi vimg ven

biin
Nam Djnh
Cdc doan de d viing
ciia
sdng: cd
ting
chiiu ddi 28.648m, thdn
dd
chd ylu
dupe
ddp bang dat
thjt,
dat pha cdt quy md nhd vd thip phia ngodi sdng cd bdi bdi
nhung cao ttinh
m^t
bdi thip tir (0.00
-
+0.30). Khi thuy triiu len hdu
hit
bdi bi
ngap sau
nude
bien tt^c tilp tdc dpng vdo thdn de, khi gdp bdo
Idn,
sdng
biin
ttdn
qua mdt de. Cao ttinh de (+3,60
-
+3,80), ehilu

rfng
mdt de (3,30
-
4,00 m), he sd
mdi
mb
= 1,5 - 2,5m;
mj
= 1,0 - 1,5.
Cac doan de trpc difn vdi
biin:
cd
ting
ehilu ddi 50,8km, thdn de ehu yeu ddp
bang dat thit pha cdt, mdt cdt ngang
mft
sd doan nhd, cao trinh dinh thip vd hi sat
Id.
Bdi bien ngodi
dd
thdp vd hep do bi xdi mdn lien tue, khi thuy trieu xuong bdi
rpng tnmg binh 100 - 150 m, nhilu
do?n
khdng eon bdi (Hdi
Lj,
Hdi Triiu, Hdi
Chinh). Khi thuy
tridu
len bdi hi ngdp sdu, sdng vd ddng chay ven bd thudng
xuyen tac ddng

true
tilp vdo de gay xdi,
spt
Id mai, nghiem ttpng nhit
Id
khi cd
bao vao hoac nhiing con gid
miia
Ddng Bac.
Nhin chung de
biin
Nam Dinh hien dang d eao trinh kha thap phd
biin
ndm d
cao ttinh +4,0 m.
0
mdt s6 doan de mdi xay dpng cao ttinh dd da dat cao trinh
5,50 m, phia
biin dupe
gia cd bang khdi Tse bd day
20-30
cm, mai
phia
ddng
ttdng cd vetiver ttong khtmg da xdy. Tuy nhidn d mpt sd noi mdi dd
biin
chua
dupe
gia c6 dl dam bdo didu kien chdng xdi dudi tdc dpng eua sdng ttong bao.
Xin dac bidt luu

^
rdng d nhieu doan dd mdi
hipn
nay tinh hinh xam thue dn mdn
cac ciu kidn bd tdng mdi phia
biin Id
ddng bdo
dfng.
Nguyen nhdn cd
thi
Id do
chit lupng thi cdng cdc ciu
kipn
ndy
tji
chd khdng ddp irng ydu cdu vd cudng dp
chdng mdi mdn.
13
1.3.2.1.
Tuyen
dd biin
Giao Thuy
TuyIn dd
biin
Giao Thuy dai 32,333
Km,
c6 9 ke ddi 6829 m, cd 9 dilm canh
dd vd 14 cdng. Tir ndm
1962 -
2000

t?i
KI5,5 - K20,5 dd phdi di ddi 3
Idn.
Cao ttinh dd: hien tai cdn
mft
so
dojn
thilu eao trinh.
Dopn
tir
KO
- K12+600
cao dp
hifn
tai chi dat (+3.15
~
+4.10) thilu cao ttinh tir (1,40 ~ 1,80 m).
Do?n
tir
K25+091
~
K29+274 ed nhilu
ehd
eao
dd hifn
tai
djit
(+3.40 ~ +4.00) thilu tir
(1,0-1,6 m). Mdt cat tit ca
nhttng

doan dd ttdn
diu
nhd hon thilt kl.
Chat lupng dd: Do dupe tdn cao dp true nhilu
Idn
ttong nhilu
th^p
ky, tir nhieu
thd hp nen chat lupng de khdng dupe ddm bdo,
mjt
dd bj cdy xdi do cdng n6ng di
l?i.
MOt sd
do^
dd
dupe
ddp bdng cdt bpc dit thjt
(dojm
tir K22+400 -
K27+161),
mjt
vd mai de bi
nude
mua xdi thdnh rdnh
Idm
thu hpp
mjt
cdt dd cpc
bf
cd chd

chi
cdn xdp xi 3,0 m mdt dd nhu doan Giao Phong
-
Giao Lam.
Ndm 2006 do dnh hudng cua bao, dp thip
nhipt
ddi vd nhihig dpt ttilu cudng
kit
hpp vdi gid
miia
dd 1dm kd Ddng vd Tdy cdng Thanh Nidn thudng xuydn bi sat
Id.
Ndm 2007 Triiu cudng kdt hpp vdi sdng dd 1dm nhieu
do?n
dd, kd sat
Id
nghidm ttpng, tao ra
21
hd an sau vdo thdn dd. De kd Ddng va Tdy cdng Thanh
Nien dupe xdc dinh Id ttpng dilm xung ydu.
1.3.2.2.
TuyIn de bien Hai Hau
TuyIn de
biin
ddi 33,323 Km cd 10 ke ddi
17.611
m, cd 6 didm canh dd vd
23 cdng qua dd. Ddc dilm cua
dt biin
Hdi Hdu

Id
ndm d viing
biin
tiln, de
dupe
dip bdng cat bpcdit thjt. Chi tinh
tii
nam
1986
- 2000 dd bidn Hdi Hdu da bi tdn
pha 11.900
m.
Ndm
1989-2000:
dd Hai
LS,
Hii
Chinh
(KIO
~ K14) ddi vdo ttong tdi
3
lin.
Nam 1971- 1994: dd Hdi Hod
(K17,5
- K18,8) di ddi 3 lin
Ndm
1926 -
1972:
dd Hdi
L^

( K7 ~
KIO) di
ddi
3
Idn.
Tir nam 1996 - 2000 du dn PAM da phdi diu ttr 123.384
m'
dit, vd 37.432
m'
da ke eac loai.
14
Cao trinh mdt cdt dd: vl co ban Id dd eao
dd
theo thilt kl
hipn
tai, pho
biin
d
miic
+5,50 m, chi cdn
mft
sd doan thilu eao ttinh.
Dojm
tir KO -
Kl+650
cao dp
hifn tsii
chi
dzit
(+3.2

-
+4.3) nhung ddy
Id
dd cda sdng trong dd cd
do^n
K28+100
~ K33+I71
mjt
dd Id dudng nhpa
kit
hpp giao thdng.
Chdt lupng dd kd: do dd
chii
ydu ddp bdng dit cdt bpc dit thjt ndn dd bj xdi
mdn do
mua,
mjt
dd nhilu 6 gd, rdnh
nude
diln hinh cdc
dopn
K3+00 ~ K6+300;
K9+100 -
Kl
1+500; K12+00
-
K16+300; K20+300 ~ K21+100; K22+200
-
K22+500; K26+900
-

K27+100.
1.3.2.3.
TuyIn d§
biin
NghTa Hung
Ddi 26,325 km cd 5 ke ddi 7.126 m, cd 4 dilm canh dd vd 12 cdng.
Cao ttinh mdt cdt dd: Doan tir K21+600 - K26+325 cao
dd
hien tai thdp hon
cao dp thilt ke tir 0,2 - 0,8 met.
Do?n
tir K2+00
-
K6+700 hien nay rit nhilu chd
kd bj
s^t
mdi cpc
bp.
Tuydn dd
biin huyfn
NghTa Hung
hifn
mat de cd nhilu
6
ga, rdnh nude
djc
bipt Id
nhung doan dd dap bdng dit cdt bpc dat thit.
Chit lupng dd ke:
dopi

kd Idt khan d NghTa Phiic: ddi 720m hi sat e6 chd lin
vdo 1/2 - 1/3 mat dd, tham chi cd chd chi cdn dd mdi ttong; doan ke kdt cau PAM
mdi ke bj sat
Id
nang nd ddi
1.000m;
mdi de phia ddng bj sat, ed chd mit 1/2 - 1/3
hoac todn bp mpt vd than dd.
1.4
Banh
gia dilu
ki$n
dja chit nln viing xay dyng de
biin
Nam Bjnh
14.1 Khu vyc Hai
Hau
Theo tdi
lifu
khdo sat dia chit ciia Cdng ty tu vin XDNN&PTNT Nam Djnh
tiln hdnh phpc vu lap du an xd
1^
khan cip
do^n
dd xung ylu tir K25+757
din
K26+715 thupe
dd bidn Hdi Hau, thude xd Hdi Thinh,
huyfn
Hdi Hdu.

Kit
qud
phdn tich dja ting mat cdt dd theo
thflt
tp tir ttdn xudng dudi cd ciu
tpo
gdm cdc
Idp sau (xem thdm Hinh 4):
15
MAT
CAT
DIA
CHXT
Dfi
Bl^N
HAI
THINH
.
HAI
HAU
Hinh 4 Mat
cSt
dja chat
khu
vyc Hal Hau
Ldp 1: Id Idp dit ddp phdn bd ttdn dd (gpi
Id
Idp 1), cao dp mdt dat triing vdi
mat dia hinh, cao dp ddy Idp dit Id (+0,69), ehilu ddy ldp dit thay ddi
tii

0,3
din
4,1m.
Phdn dit nln, bao gdm cac ldp sau:
Ldp 2: Ldp cat bui, cat hat nhd, mdu xam nhat, xam den,
tr?ng
thai rdi, bao
hod
nude,
phdn bd rdng ttong pham vi khdo sat, cao dp mat ldp dit tir (-1,62) ddn
(+0,69),
cao dp ddy ldp dit va ehilu ddy chua xdc dinh
dupe.
Ldp
3: Ldp cat pha mdu xdm nau
hojc
xdm den ed xen kep ldp mdng set pha.
Ldp
4: Ldp set pha mdu xam nau, xdm gu rit dm, chay deo vd ddi
chS
c6 xen
kep ldp mdng cdt pha.
Ldp
5: Ldp set pha mdu xdm hdng xam nau, xen kpp edt pha, dit dm, deo mem
vd chdt vita.
14.2 Khu vyc Giao Thuy
Qua
kit
qud khao sdt dja chit bd sung
cila

dl tdi cho khu vpc Giao Thdy, ciu
t?o
cac ldp
dit
ttong khu vuc nghidn
ciiu
bao gdm (xem thdm phdn bdo cdo dia
chit bo sung khu vuc Giao Thuy):
16
Ldncdt fidp
la):
ddy
Id
Idp phdn bd
hpn
hpp d chdn dd phia
biin,
ngudn gdc
bdi tu khdng thucmg xuydn.
Ldp dit dip than de
fl.dp 1
i:
Dit ddp de thanh phin
Id
cdt, cat pha mdu xdm
den, xdm sdng, kdt eiu
ehjt,
ttang thdi bao hda nude, ddi chd
chita
chdt hilu co, vd

sd, vd hen. Ldp cd bd ddy ttimg binh 4,0-4,5m. Ldp ndy gdp d tit ed cdc ho khoan
d dinh dd.
Ldp Pit sdt pha. ttan2 thdi deo
mim
den ddo chdv
ildp
Ibi:
Ddt sdt pha mdu
xdm nau, xdm hang, xdm den,
kit
ciu kdm
ehjt,
tt?ng thdi ddo
mim din
ddo chdy.
Ldp cd chiiu ddy khdng 6n djnh
tii
0,30m
din
2,0m vd ndm ngay dudi than dd.
Day
Id
Idp ttdn ciing ciia nln dd.
Ldp Bat cdt pha. bdo hda
nude
ddp
21:
Ddy
Id
ldp cdt pha mdu xdm den, xdm

hdng, kdt cau chdt, tt^g thdi bdo hda nude. Ldp nay chi gap d cac hd khoan
HKI
din
HK9,
Idp
cd bl ddy trang binh
tii
5,0m-6,6m.
Ldp Cdt hat min (ldp 3): Ldp ndy ndm dudi ldp 2 cd be ddy tuong ddi
Idn,
ldp
cd thdnh phdn la cdt hat
mjn
mdu xam xanh, xdm den, xam sang, kdt cau chat,
tt^g thdi bao hoa
nude
chiia hiiu co. Ldp ndy gap d cac hd khoan
HKIO
ddn
HK30, ttong ldp ndy ddi chd xen kep thiu kinh
Id
set cd be day tir 0,7m-l,5m.
Ldp set (Ldp 4): Ldp nay la ldp cudi ciing tai eac ho khoan ttong pham vi
ehilu sdu khdo sdt
tii
HK10-HK30. Ldp cd thdnh phdn Id dit set mdu xdm hang,
xdm ghi,
kit
ciu kem chat, ttang thai deo chdy
din

deo
mim
ddi cho xen kep ldp
edt mdng hat nhd.
Ldp Cdt pha ndng (ldp 5): Ldp nay la Idp cudi cimg tai cdc hd khoan trong
ehilu sau khdo sat
gjp
tai cdc hd khoan HK1-HK9. Ldp cd thdnh phdn la cat pha
ndng mau xdm den, xam hdng,
kit
ciu
chjt,
ttang thai bdo hda nude ehda
htfu
co.
Tir
kit
qud khdo sdt ttdn vd phdn tich cdc chi tidu co ky cua cae ldp dit d 02
khu vuc diln hinh Hdi Hdu va Giao Thdy, cd
thi
ddnh gid dja chit khu vpc nghien
Ciiu nhu sau:
+ Cdc Idp dit dip than dd
Id
cac ldp ddt cd hp sd thim cao, thim nude manh,
do dd khd ndng chdng thim kem.
17
+ Ddt dip thdn dd cd tinh dinh kdm (cat, cdt pha)
kit
cau kdm chdt do do de

bdo xdi, khdng cd khd ndng chdng nude ttdn qua de vdo
miia
mua
IQ,
cin cd bidn
phdp bdo
vf
tranh mat dn djnh khi bj bdo hda cd sdng ttdn vd ddng thim.
+ Ndn dd tdn
tpi
cdc Idp dit set pha vd cdt pha
mim
ylu,
siic
khdng cdt nhd
+
Dosm
dd khdo sat dja chit phan
l(Sn
ndm doi difn trpc tilp vdi
biin
vd cira
bidn, do
v?y
chju tdc dpng
mpnh ciia
sdng vd thuy tridu. Ddt dip thdn de cd hf sd
thdm Idn, lpc dinh nhd, dit nln dd
Id ede
Idp dat ydu, sdc khdng cdt be, do do dd

gdy mat on djnh (nhu
spt,
tt^pt ) khi cd bao vd ttilu cudng. Cdn cd cdc gidi phdp
gia cd dit dip dl tdng cudng 6n djnh dd khi cd bdo vd sdng trdn qua dd.
18
CHU-CTNG
2
BANH
GIA
eieu
KI$N
DIA
HiNH, DjA
CHAT,
KHi
TU-qTNG
VA
THOY
HAI
VAN
VCiNG
BI£N
HA
TTNH
2.1
Gid-i thl?u
chung
vl
viing
biin

Ha TTnh
Bd bien Hd TInh keo ddi
tii ciia
sdng Lam
din
Ddo Ngang
Id
mpt ddi bd
biin
phdng, dja hinh them
luc
dja hrong ddi don gidn vdi cdc
djmg
tich tp liln chau
thi,
thoai din
tir bd ra
khoi. Nhin chung bai
biin
tinh Hd
Tinh h?p
vd thap khdng cd
vat cdn che chdn. Chiiu
rfng
bdi ttung binh tir (100
~150m)
c6 noi khdng cd bdi
biin,
biin
tiln sdt chdn dd (Ky Hdi, Ky Hd, ). Cao dp trang binh (0.00

-
-0.50),
ca
bift
ed noi cao ttmh bdi dudi (-1.00).
Mpt thpc
tr?ng
ma chiing
ta
phdi quan tam
do
Id
rimg cdy phong hp chdn
sdng ngodi de, mpt so
tuyIn
dd trpc
difn
vdi
biin
va
ciia
sdng
d
Hd
Tinh
khong cd
rtaig
chdn sdng vi th6 nhudng bdi dit cat khdng
phii
hpp cho sii vet phdt ttiln.

MOt sd tuydn nhu dd
biin
HOi Thing
-
Nghi Xuan
thi
bd
biin
bj
s?it
Id,
bai
thodi,
biin
lin sau
vao
dat
lidn.
De
biin
khu vuc
eiia
sdng Cdm Nhupng, Cim
LTnh, huyfn Cdm Xuydn nhiing ndm gan day dang
sat Id
nghidm trpng
Id
nhiing
thue ttang dang bao ddng ddi vdi cdc tuydn dd ven
biin.

Cdc hoat dpng khai hoang lin
biin,
thuy lpi, khai
thae
sa
khoang, vat
lifu
xay dung, vdt lieu lam mudi, chat phd
ring ngpp
man, nudi ttdng thuy hdi san diln
ra d kha nhilu noi, mang tinh chit phd bien cd the gay ra xdi
Id
nghiem trpng.
2.2 Banh gia dilu kien khi
tu-yng
thuy hai van
2.2.1
Nlya
Ha TTnh cd lupng mua nam khd phong
phil,
lupng mua trang binh ndm dat hi
2300~3000mm. Nhiing viing
mua Idn nhu Ky Lac, Ky Anh
lupng
mua dat
3.200mm. Nhihig tam mua Idn thupng ngudn sdng Ngdn Phd, Ngan Sdu, Rdo Trd,
Hodnh
Son c6 ndm
lupng
mua ndm dat

4.586mm
ndm 1978 d Bdu
Nude,
4.386mm tai
KJ-
Anh ndm
1990,4.450mm
ndm 1990 tai
K^
L?c.
19
^ Miia
mua bit diu tir thdng VIII
din
thdng XI. Tuy nhidn thdng V, VI cd mua
Tieu mdn gdy ra lu
Tilu
mdn. Lupng mua
miia
mua
d^it
65
4-
70%
lupng mua ndm,
cdn
l^i
14
mua
khO.

Cudng dp mua: Lupng mua do bdo gdy ndn rit Idn, lupng mua
mOt
ngdy Idn
nhit do dupe 5I9mm (1984) tai Ky Anh, 510mm
t?i
K^
L^e,
760mm tai Bdu
Nude.
Tdng lupng mua ba ngdy
Idn
nhit dpt
1.175mm
t?i
Ky Anh,
1.008mm
tpi
Ky Lpc ndm 1985, 1680mm ndm 1978
t?i
Bdu Nude.
Nguydn nhdn gdy ra mua Idn do bdo
kit
hpp vdi dp thdp nhift ddi gay ndn
hoje
do bdo dO bp trpc tilp vdo, Nhirng ndm mua lii Idn trong vimg la ede ndm
1964,
1978,
1985,
1990 vd nam 2002.
Ndm 2002 lu

djc
bift
Idn
xdy ra vdo thdng IX tren sdng Ngdn Phd, Ngan Sdu
cd
siic
tdn pha
njng
nd vd ngudi vd cua
edi ciia
nhdn dan ttong vimg.

.
Cd thd nhdn xdt rdng
ehi dO
mua lu tten sdng vd ven
biin
Hd
Tinh
la dieu
kif
n
bdt Ipi cho cdng tdc xdy dpng dd dilu.
2.2.2
Dong chay song
MOt ddc dilm quan ttpng cda dilu kifn thily hdi vdn khu vpc
biin
Hd
Tinh
Id

dnh hudng chi phdi cua dong chdy ttdn cdc con sdng, dac bift Id vd
miia
lii.
2.2.2.1.
Ddng chay nam
Ddng chdy nam trdn todn viing nghien
ciiu
dat
11,6.10%'
tucmg ung vdi
modun ddng chdy nam trang binh
60,81/s.km^.
Tuy nhidn phdn phdi ddng chdy
ndm
khOng
ddu theo khdng gian vd thdi gian.
- Vimg luu vuc sOng Ngdn Sdu: Luu lupng trang binh nam dat
125m'/s
vdi
modun ddng chdy nam trang binh
Id 66,51/s.km
.
Trdn sdng Ngdn Phd
t?i
Son Difm, ddng chdy ndm trang binh dat
5
l,7m'/s
vdi modun ddng chdy trang binh nam la
65,41/s.km
.

- Luu vuc sdng Rao Cdi
tpi
Kd Gd, ddng chdy ndm ttung binh
djt
13,7mVs
vdi modun ddng chdy ndm trung binh Id
59,81/s.km
.
- Trdn sdng Rdo Trd, tai Tdn Ldm ddng chay ndm trang binh dat 37,lmVs
vdi modung ddng chdy nam trang binh Id
75,11/s.km
.
20
Phdn phdi ddng chdy ttong ndm khdng ddu,
t?p
ttung vdo
miia
lu tir thdng
IX ddn thdng XI chilm
55-60%
ddng chay ndm.
Mda
kift kdo ddi tir thdng
XIUVIII.
Ba thdng mdu kift
01,
IV, V chilm
5-6%
lupng ddng chdy ndm.
- Trong cdc hf thing sdng viing Hd Tinh, hf thing sdng La cd tong lupng

ddng chdy
Idn.
T6ng lupng ddng chdy sdng La vdi F =
3.210km'
chilm
6,69.10V, hf thdng sdng Rao Trd chilm
l,17.10'm'.
Tdng lupng nude cua cd hai
sdng chidm
7,86.
loW
chilm 67,8% tdng ngudn nude todn viing, trong khi do
difn tich luu vpc chilm
61,1%
difn tich toan tinh.
2.2.2.2. Ddng chay lu
Do dnh hudng
cila
mua lu Idn, hf thdng sung
sudi
ngdn va
die,
lu d trdn cac
hf thdng sdng xdy ra rat dc lift. Sd lieu quan trie luu lupng lu cho thiy modun lu
Ion
nhat dpt 6m3/s.km2, d cdc spng sudi nho nhu sdng Rao Cdi tai Kd Gd Qmax
=
1.430m3/s, Mmax
=
6,2m3/s.km2 ngdy 5/X/1963, Qmax = 5.910m3/s, Mmax =

11,9
m3/s.km2 ngay 30/VIII/1975
tpi
Tan Lam sdng Rdo Trd.
Nhu vdy ttong thilt kd vd xay dung de bidn ddc biet d vimg cda sdng d khu
vpc Hd TTnh can het su:c luu y ddc
thii
nay cua ddng chdy lu ttdn cae eon sdng.
Tuyen xay dung de vd
kit
ciu dd phdi dupe nghidn
ciiu
sao dd khdng lam dnh
hudng ddn khd ndng thodt lu cua cdc con sdng, ddng thdi ddm bdo dilu kien an
toan dn djnh ttong didu
kifn
sdng bao tir phia
biin
vd ddng lu trdn sdng.
2.2.3
Baonhmd&i
Vimg bien Hd
TTiih cQng
gdnh ehiu mdt cudng xudt bdo gin tuong ducmg nhu
vimg bien Nam Dinh. Bang 2 cho thiy co 49 con bao dd bd true tilp hoac dnh
hudng
din
vimg
biin
Ha TTnh tii

1972 din
nay.
Bang 2 Cdc
ccn
bdo dnh hudng tdi Ha TTnh tir
1972 din
nay
TT
1
2
3
4
5
NSm
1972
1974
1975
1976
1977
Ten bao
DINAN
ATND
ALISE
SARAH
Nai
do bp
Thdi Binh
Cap gio
(toe dO)
CIO

33
40
40
31
Thai gian
do bg
5 +14/6
19/6
20/9
21/9
cac
s\r
CO
Vade
21
6
7
S
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
1979
1980
1981
1983
1985
1985
1986

1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1994
1995
1996
1998
2000
2002
2003
2004
ATND
ATND
ATND
ROY
WARREN
GEORGIA
ATND
ATND
S69
S63
ATND
S65
So 8 PAT
S6
3
DOT

So 4 FA
YE
S6
10 MIKE
So 1
ZEKE
So
5
Sis
ATND
So
5
So
12
So
2
apthap
So
4
ATND
ATND
Sl9
So
4
S65
So
8
Hai
ma
Nghf tinh

Thanh
Hoa
Thdi Binh
Thanh
Hod
Thanh
Hod
Thanh
Hoa
Thanh
Hoa
Thanh
Hoa
Giao thuy
Ninh Binh
Thanh
Hoa
Thanh
Hoa
Thanh
Hoa
Qudng Binh
Ha TTnh
Ha TTnh
Binh Dinh
24
24
38
35
32

>40
07
28
012
C8-9
34
Oil
31
34
35
31
26
08
08
06
Oil
08
on
09
CIO
So
3
So
3
ATND
S6 2
ATND
Nam
Djnh
QudngNinh

Binh Djnh
Quang Ngai
09
ClO-cU
06-07
12/6
06-07
10+11/8
30+31/8
12+16/9
2+10/8
16
+20/8
27/9+1/10
21/6
25/8
21/10
21/7
12/8
6/9
23/10
25/5
11/7
18/11
14/7
31/7
13/9
29/7
29/8
24/7

15/8
23/8
14/9
5/10
9/10
12/11
27/7
25/8
9/9
19/9
VSde
vsde
VSde
V9d8
22
44
45
46
47
48
49
2005
sl2
S63
So 5
So
6
So 7 Damrey
So
8

Nam Dinh
Thanh Hod
Ngh?
An
Ngh^an
Nam Djnh
TH-ND
OIO-CU
09-010
012
31/7
11/8
31/8
18/9
27/9
,
Sstlor
vade
2.2.4 Thuy
triiu
Hd
Tinh
ndm ttong vimg cd
chi df nhjt
ttilu khdng ddu. Hdng thdng cd non
nua s6 ngdy ed 2 lin
nude Idn
vd 2 lin
nude
rdng. Thdi gian ttilu ddng 10 gid,

trieu riit tir 15 - 17 gid. Thiiy ttilu qua cua Hpi, cda Sdt, cira Nhupng, cda Khau
dd
ttTiyIn
vdo sdu ttong
sOng nfi
dia nhu sdng Cd, La, Nghen, Rdo Cdi, Rac, Kinh,
Quydn, Sdng Tri. Bidn
dO
ttilu khi trayln vdo sdng giam ddn tir cira sdng vao ndi
dja. Vdo
mda
lu do dnh hudng cda ngudn nude lu cdc sdng sudi dd vd, thiiy trieu
diy ra gdn
biin
hon. Nhihig ngdy lu idn d cdc vj tri dnh hudng cua triiu xa nhit so
vdi
biin
khdng cdn dao dOng thiiy ttilu.
+
T?i
Linh Cdm: Mpc nude ttilu trang binh
Idn
nhdt tir thdng IV dao dpng
tir 1,28 m
din
1,52m,
tt^ing binh nhd nhit (-0,7m), mue nude nhd nhdt dat -0,88m.
+ Trdn sdng Nghen: Muc nude triiu nhd nhdt -1,2m (30/VII/1988) tai Hp
BO.
+ Tai cim Nhupng: Muc nude ttilu mua kift nam 2,82m (29/VIII/1990) vd

miic
nhd nhit -1,28m (12/VII/1995).
+
Tpi
Trung Luong ttdn sdng Cd: Muc
nude
triiu thip nhit -L34m, muc
nude
cao nhit
miia
lu 7,0m
(IX/1978).
2.2.5
Nuvc dSng
Biin
Ha TTnh
thupe eung 15m ciia dia
hmh
thim
lue
Biin
Ddng, do didu kifn
dja hinh dac bift ndy md chidu eao nude dang d vimg
biin
Hd TTnh ttong bao cd
thi
rit
Idn.
Theo
kit

qud nghidn ciiu vd quan ttdc
nude
ddng eda Vif n Co hpe
Vif
t
Nam thi Hd TTnh
Id
khu vuc nguy hilm nhit vl anh hudng cua
nude
ddng, chiiu
cao
nude
dang
Idn
nhit c6
thi
xdy ra d cd
thi
len tdi 3,2 m.
23