Đánh giá tác động xã hội của hoạt động kinh doanh du lịch tới cộng đồng cư dân làng chài tại hạ long

TRirdNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN

VU BICH HIONG

DANH GIA TAC DONG
XA HOl
CUA HOAT
•
•
•
DONG
KINH DOANH DU LICH
IOI CONG
DONG
•
•
•
(I dan lang chai tai
ha• long
•

Chuyen nganh: Quan tri kinh doanh khach san vd du lich

LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANH

NGUOI HUONG DAN KHOA HOC:
TS. DONG XUAN DAM

Ha Ndi_2013

1

LOI CAM DOAN
Toi xin cam doan rang luan van thac sy kinh te "Ddnh gid tac dong xa hoi
ciia cac boat dong kinh doanh du licit td'i cong ddng cir dan dia ph irong lang chai

tai Ha Long'" la cong trinh nghien cuu cua rieng toi.

Nhung so lieu, thong tin luan van su dung duoc chi ro nguon goc trich dan
trong danh muc tai lieu tham khao. Ket qua nghien cuu nay chua duqc cong bo
trong bat ky cong trinh nao khac.

Ha Noi, ngay 30 thang 7 num 2013

Hoc vien

Vu Bich Huong


2

LOI CAM 0N
Toi xin gtri ldi cam on chan thanh va sau sac tdi Tien si Dong Xuan Dam,

ngudi da danh thdi gian. su quan tarn giup do toi trong suot qua trinh nghien cuu

luan van nay.
Toi cung xin tran trong bay to long biet on toi Quy Thay Co trong khoa Quan

tri kinh doanh Du lich va Khach san, Truong Dai hoc Kinh td Qudc dan da tan tinh

truyen dat nhung kien thuc quy bau cung nhu tao moi dieu kien thuan loi nhit cho
toi trong suot qua trinh hoc tap nghien cuu va cho den khi thuc hien de tai luan van.
Toi cung xin cam on nhung ngudi ban, cac can bo lam viec tai Ban quan ly

Vinh Ha Long, dac biet la cac can bo lam viec tai Trung tarn van hoa noi Cua Van

cung nhu nhung ngu dan lang chai Cua Van da sin sang chia se kinh nghiem. thong
tin va giup do toi trong viec hoan thanh cac mau phdng vin, thu thap thong tin.
Cuoi cung, toi xin gui loi cam on tdi gia dinh va ban be tdi, nhung ngudi da
luon ben canh ung ho tdi trong suot thdi gian hoc tap va nghien cuu.

Vu Bich Huong


3
MUC LUC

Ldl CAM DOAN....................................................................................................... 1

LOl CAM ON............................................................................................................. 2

MUC LUC................................................................................................................... 3
DANH MUC CAC CHLT VIET TAT........................................................................ 6
DANH MUC BANG BIEU....................................................................................... 7

CHUONG 1 TONG QUAN....................................................................................... 8
1.1 Mo dau.............................................................................................................. 8
1.2 Doi tugng nghien cuu..................................................................................... 12

1.4 Muc tieu nghien cuu....................................................................................... 13

1.5 Cau hdi nghien cuu......................................................................................... 14

CHUONG 2 : CO SO LY LUAN VE PHAT TRIEN DU LICH VA TAC DONG
CUA DU LICH......................................................................................................... 15
2.1 Phat trien ben vung:........................................................................................ 15

2.1.1 Khai niem:............................................................................................... 15

2.1.2 Lich su cua phat trien ben vung.............................................................. 17
2.2 Cac khai niem ve du lich ben vung................................................................ 21
2.3 Nhung tac dong xa hoi cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich............................. 26

2.3.1 Nhung tac dong xa hoi ti'ch cue..............................................................26

2.3.2 Nhung tac dong xa hoi tieu cue.............................................................. 27
2.4 Nguyen nhan tac dong xa hoi cua du lich...................................................... 31
2.4.1 Su khac biet ve van hoa.......................................................................... 31

2.4.2 Tam hieu biet han hep cua du khach ve nen van hoa ban dia................. 32

2.4.3 Thai gian luu tru cua khach du lich....................................................... 32

CHUONG 3 : PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU.................................................... 34

3.1 Phuong phap nghien cuu dinh ti'nh................................................................ 34
3.1.1 Khai niem ve phuang phap nghien cuu dinh tinh................................... 34
3.1.2 Nguon goc cua phuang phap nghien cuu dinh tinh................................ 35

3.1.3 Cac phuang phap thu thap du lieu trong nghien cuu dinh tinh chu yeu. 35

3.1.4 Chon mau trong nghien cuu dinh tinh.....................................................39
3.1.5 Lua chon thuc dia nghien cuu.................................................................40


4
3.1.6 Lira chon doi tuoug nghien cuu.............................................................. 40

3.2 Phuong phap nghien cuu tinh huong:.............................................................41
3.2.1 Lich su cua phuong phap nghien cuu tinh huong:................................. 41
3.2.2 Phan loai phuong phap nghien cuu tinh huong:.................................... 42

3.2.3 Thiet ke nghien cuu tinh huong:............................................................ 43

3.2.4 Nghien cuu tac dong cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich toi cong dong cu
dan lang chai.....................................................................................................44
CHUONG 4 : PHAN TICH DU* LIEU.................................................................... 48
4.1 Gidi thieu chung ve lang chai Cua Van......................................................... 48
4.1.1 Vi tri:........................

48

4.1.2 Ten goi:.................................................................................................. 49

4.1.3 Dien tich, dan so:.................................................................................... 49

4.1.4 Lich su hinh thanh va phat trien:........................................................... 49
4.2 Cuoc song cua ngu dan Cua Van................................................................... 50

4.2.1 Doi song vat chat:...................................................................................50
4.2.2 Doi song tinh than................................................................................... 54

4.2.3 Van hoa dan gian:....................................................................................56
4.2.4 Giao due va y te.......................................................................................58
4.3 Tac dong xa hoi cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich den cuoc song cua cu dan
lang chai Cua Van............................................................................................... 59

4.3.1 Nhung tac dong tich cue cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich doi vdi cu
dan lang chai Cua Van.................................................................................... 59

4.3.2 Nhung tac dong tieu cue cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tdi cu dan
lang chai Cua Van............................................................................................ 76
4.4 Du an sap xep va di rdi cac nha be tren Vinh Ha Long................................. 79
CHUONG 5 : TONG KET.......................................................................................84

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO....................................................................................... 91

PHU LUC..................................................................................................................92
PHU LUC I: Bang hoi......................................................................................... 92

A.

Phan danh cho ngu dan lang chai............................................................ 92

B. Phan danh cho cac can bo lam viec tai cac ban nganh co lien quan?......... 92


5
PHU LUC II: Cac van ban chi dao co lien quan den cuoc song cua cu dan lang
chai Cua Van........................................................................................................ 93
PHU LUC III: Bang thong ke cac buoi phong van trong qua trinh nghien cuu...95

6
DANH MUC CAC TU VIET TAT

IUCN

Hiep hoi Bao ton thien nhien va tai nguyen thien nhien quoc te.

JICA

Co quan hop tac Quoc te Nhat Ban.

UNCED

Hoi nghi ve Moi truang va phat trien cua Lien Hop Quoc.

UNEP

Chuang trinh Moi truang Lien Hap Quoc

UNESCO

To chuc Giao due, Khoa hoc va Van hoa cua Lien Hap Quoc.

UNWTO

To chuc Du lich the giai.

WCED

Uy ban quoc te ve moi truang va phat trien the giai.

WWF

Quy bao ve Thien nhien the giai.


7

DANH MUC CAC BANG BlEU

Bang 1 So lieu thong ke ve nganh du lich Quang Ninh thang 1 nam 2013............. 11

Bang 2 So sanh phat trien va phat trien ben vtrng .................................................. 17
Bang 3 Thong tin ve nguoi dune phong van............................................................46


TRUING DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN

VU RICH HUONG

DANH GIA TAC DONG
XA HOI
CUA HOAT
•
•
•

DONG

KINH DOANH DU LICH
I OI CONG
DONG
•
•
•
CU DAN LANG CHAI TAI
HA• LONG
•

TOM TAT LUAN
• VAN THAC
• SI

Ha Noi_20l3


i

1.1. Ly do va muc tieu nghien cuu cua de tai.
1.1 Ly do:

Cung sir nghiep doi moi cua dat nude han 20 nam qua va sau 10 nam thuc

hien chien luge phat trien du lich giai doan 2001 - 2010. nganh Du lich da co nhieu
tien bo va dat dugc nhung thanh tuu dang ghi nhan. Luat du lich nam 2005 da
khang dinh mot budc tien Ion ve khuon khd phap ly. Chien luge, quy hoach phat

trien du lich, cac chuong trinh, ke hoach, de an. du an dugc trien khai rong khap
tren pham vi ca nude. He thong quan ly nha nude ve du lich tir trung uang den dia

phuang khong ngung doi mdi va hoan thien cung vdi sir thinh hanh phat huy vai trd
cua Ban chi dao nha nude ve du lich. Su trudng thanh va ldn manh khong ngirng
cua he thong doanh nghiep du lich; co sd ha tang cua cac trung tarn, diem den du

lich, khu nghi dudng, khach san, khu giai tri, cac tuyen du lich, loai hinh du lich da
dang tao dien mao mdi va tien de quan trgng tao da cho du lich Viet Nam phat trien.

Nhung ket qua danh gia thong qua cac chi tieu ve lugng khach, thu nhap, ty
trgng GDP va viec lam da khang dinh vai trd cua nganh du lich trong nen kinh te

quoc dan. Nganh du lich da dong gop quan trgng vao tang trudng kinh te, xoa doi
giam ngheo, dam bao an sinh xa hoi, bao ton va phat huy gia tri van hoa, bao ve mdi
trudng va gitr vung an ninh quoc phong. Ben canh nhung thanh tuu dat dugc, qua
10 nam thuc hien chien luge cho thay nganh du lich con nhieu han che va bat cap,

nhieu khd khan, trd ngai van chua dugc giai quyet thoa dang, chua cd budc phat

trien dot pha de khang dinh thuc su la nganh kinh te mui nhgn. ket qua chua tuong
xung vdi tiem nang va lgi the cua dat nude, phat trien nhung van an chua nhieu
nguy ca, yeu to thieu ben vung.

Du lich dang la nganh kinh te mui nhgn dugc uu tien phat trien hang dau tai
Quang Ninh. Trong nhung nam qua, du lich Quang Ninh da mang lai nhung lgi ich

ca ve kinh te, van hoa, xa hoi... doi vdi cu dan dia phuang. Tuy nhien, ngoai nhung

tac dong tich cue ma du lich mang lai, sir phat trien nhanh chong cua du lich trong

ii

thdi gian qua cung da co nhung tac dong tieu cue tdi cuoc song cua ngudi dan dia
phuong, trong do co cu dan sinh song tai cac lang chai tren vinh Ha Long.
Vdi mong muon tim hieu va danh gia dupe nhung su thay doi trong cuoc
song cua cu dan cac lang chai tren vinh Ha Long dudi nhung tac dong ve mat xa hoi
cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich, tdi da chon de tai: ' Danh gid tac dong xa hoi
cua cac hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tai cong ddng cw dan dia phuong lang chai
tai Ha Long” la de tai luan van thac si cua minh. Trong pham vi nghien cuu de tai

nay, tdi chon lang chai Cua Van la doi tuong nghien cuu.
1.2 Muc tieu nghien ciru:

- Tim hieu nhung tac dong tich cue va tieu cue cua cac hoat dong kinh doanh
du lich hien nay tren dia ban thanh pho Ha Long tdi cuoc song cua cu dan lang chai

bao gom nhung gi? Nd cd tac dong nhu the nao den cuoc song cua cong ddng cu
dan dia phuong tai day.

- Danh gia muc do anh hudng cua cac hoat dong nay tdi cuoc song cua cu
dan lang chai.

- Dua ra mot so giai phap cho nhung mat con ton tai, giai quyet phan nao

mot so nhung tac dong tieu cue ve mat xa hoi cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tdi
cac lang chai (neu cd).
2. Co’ so’ ly luan va phuong phap nghien cuu:
2.1. Co’ so’ ly luan:

Vdi de tai nghien cuu: 'Danh gid tac dong xa hoi cua cac hoat dong kinh

doanh du lich toi cong ddng cu? dan dia phuong lang chai tai Ha Long”, tac gia

da su dung co sd ly luan lien quan den phat trien ben vung noi chung va phat trien
du lich ben vung noi rieng. Muc tieu nghien cuu cua luan van muon hudng tdi

nhung giai phap phat trien ben vung cho du lich Ha Long, trong do dac biet quan

tarn ve tac dong xa hoi cua du lich den cong ddng cu dan dia phuong. Viec danh gia

nhung tac dong tieu cue va tich cue cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tren vinh Ha


iii

Long tdi cong dong cu dan lang chai sinh song tren vinh se la co so de chi ra tinh
trang phat trien du lich thuc te tai day va huong giai quyet nhung ton tai, tu do dua

ra cac giai phap nham lam gia tang toi da nhung tac dong tich cue va giam thieu
nhung tac dong tieu cue, lam co so cho chien luge phat trien du lich ben vung tai
Ha Long.
2.2. Phuong phap nghien ciru.

Phuong phap nghien cuu dugc su dung trong luan van bao gom phuong phap
nghien cuu tinh huong va phuong phap nghien cuu dinh tinh. Trong do. tac gia da

lira chon phep nghien cuu phdng van ban cau true ket hop cung phdng van co cau
true va he thong trong phuong phap nghien cuu dinh tinh va phuong phap nghien

cuu tinh huong minh hoa de thu thap thong tin, du lieu phuc vu cho qua trinh
nghien cuu luan van. Vi nhung han che ve thoi gian va tai chinh nen hai phuong

phap nghien cuu nay la phu hop va mang lai hieu qua tot nhat cho qua trinh nghien

cuu cua tac gia.

3. Ket qua dat duoc:
3.1. Luan van da tim hieu duoc mot sd net dac trung trong cuoc song cua

cong dong cu dan lang chai Cua Van.
3.2. Phan tich, danh gia duoc thuc trang cuoc song cua ngu dan lang chai

trubc nhung tac dong cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich dien ra tren vinh Ha Long.
3.3. Phan tich, danh gia duoc nhung tac dong (tich cue va tieu cue) cua hoat

dong kinh doanh du lich doi vdi cuoc song cua cu dan lang chai Cua Van dudi goc
do xa hoi.

Cu the:
3.3.1. Nhung tac dong tich cue cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tdi cuoc

song cua cu dan lang chai Cua Van:


- Tao cong an viec lam cho ngu dan lang chai, cai thien cuoc song, gop phan
chuyen doi cof cau nghe nghiep.

- Nang cao y thuc cua ngu dan trong each ung xu vdi mdi trudng .
- Nang cao trinh do dan tri cho ngudi dan dia phuong.
- Xa hoi hoa cac hoat dong an ninh trat tu. y te. ve sinh mdi trudng.
- Nang cao chat luong cua ket cau, co sd ha tang, cai thien cuoc song cua

ngu dan.

- Mot sd nhung tac dong tich cue khac den van hoa xa hoi.
3.3.2. Nhung tac dong tieu cue cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tdi cu dan

lang chai Cua Van.

- Hoat dong kinh doanh du lich la mot trong nhung nguyen nhan phat sinh
cac te nan xa hoi.

- Hoat dong kinh doanh du lich cung la mot trong nhung tac nhan gay o
nhiem mdi trudng vinh, anh hudng den cuoc song cua cu dan lang chai.

- Hoat dong kinh doanh du lich xuat hien keo theo su xuat hien cua mot sd

hoat dong tieu cue khac anh hudng den canh quan du lich (hien tupng deo bam tau
khach du lich, ban hang rong...)
3.4. Tac gia da dua dupe ra mot sd y kien dong gop nham khac phuc nhung

tac dong tieu cue cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich den cong dong cu dan lang chai
nhu sau:

- Cac cap chinh quyen va cac ban nganh quan ly cd lien quan phai xay dung
dugc mot van ban quy pham phap luat danh rieng cho vinh Ha Long. Day la mot
budc tien de quan trong trong viec quan ly cac hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tren

vinh cung nhu nhung tac dong cua nhung hoat dong nay tdi cuoc song cua ngudi

dan sinh song tren vinh. Van ban hudng tdi cac dieu khoan cu the trong cac quy

V

dinh ve tieu chuan trong cac hoat dong kinh doanh. sinh song tren vinh. cac che tai

xur phat khi cac doi tupng vi pham....
- Chinh quyen dia phuong can co nhung quy hoach ro rang ve khu vuc kinh
doanh cung nhu sinh song cua cu dan tren vinh. Cung vdi do la nhung quy hoach

lien quan den cac van de ve quan ly, bao ton, dau tu va phat trien du lich tren vinh
Ha Long. Han che nhung dau tu mang tinh thuong mai hoa cao, khong dam bao yeu
to ben vung trong qua trinh phat trien nham giam thieu nhung tac dong tieu cue cua
nhung hoat dong dau tu du lich nay den vdi moi trudng tu nhien cung nhu xa hoi

cua cong ddng dan cu dia phuong dang sinh song tai day.

- Cd nhung de an phat trien du lich ben vung tren vinh Ha Long vdi muc tieu
dinh vi thuong hieu vinh Ha Long tren ban do du lich quoc gia va the gidi. Phat

trien san pham du lich theo hudng doc dao, hap dan, khai thac hieu qua gan lien vdi

bao ve moi trudng, ton tao vinh Ha Long.
- Giai quyet mot so vudng mac cua ngudi dan trong qua trinh thuc hien de an

di doi nha be len bo:

+ Giai quyet cong an viec lam cho ngudi dan sau khi ho tai dinh cu tren dat

nay. Trinh do dan tri cua ngu dan lang chai edn thap, hau nhu ngoai nghe chai ludi
truyen thong cua cha ong, ho khdng con nghe gi khac de kiem song. Khong cd trinh

do cung nhu tay nghe chuyen mon thi van de kiem duqc cong an viec lam khi len

bo gap rat nhieu kho khan. Mac du nghe muu sinh chinh cua ngu dan d day la danh

bat va nudi trong thuy hai san cd su on dinh cung rat thap, nhung yeu to nhu thdi
tiet, moi trudng, benh dich...co tac dong rat ldn den nghe nay, cuoc song cua ngu
dan rat gap nhieu kho khan, nhung day van la nghe truyen thong da gan bo lau doi

vdi cuoc song cua ngu dan. Do cung la mot net van hoa noi bat trong cuoc song cua

ngu dan lang chai. Theo tdi, ben canh viec chinh quyen dia phuong nen tao dieu
kien md cac lop day nghe co ban cho ngu dan lang chai de ho cd the tim them

nhung cong viec moi khi len bo nghe truyen thong cua ho van can duqc tran trong


va gifr gin. Cong viec moi se dong gop phan nao vao viec tang them thu nhap cho
ngudi dan, cung vdi nguon thu nhap tir nghe chinh. nhung ngu dan d day se de dang

cd cuoc song on dinh hon. Viec dao tao tay nghe cho ngudi dan cung phan nao gop

phan nang cao trinh do nhan thuc cho ho ma ben canh do, muc tieu chuyen doi co
cau nghe nghiep cua cong dong cu dan lang chai mdi cd the thuc hien duoc va
ngudi dan cung de dang thi'ch nghi va hoa nhap vdi cuoc song mdi tren dat lien mot

each tot hon.

+ Ve van de dia diem cu tru mdi: Phan ldn ngu dan lang chai deu sinh song

va lam viec tren dia ban phuong Hung Thang tu nhieu nam nay, chinh vi vay ma ho

da quen thuoc va gan bo vdi nep sdng tai day. Ben canh do, theo nhu y kien ngudi
dan thi tu nhieu ddi nay, phan mo to tien cua ho deu duoc chon cat tren dia ban
phudng Hung Thang, vi vay ma khi de an di ddi cac nha be tren vinh dua ra giai

phap dua nhung ngu dan d day den noi d mdi tai cac phudng Ha Phong, Ha Khau

va Dai Yen da vap phai su phan ddi cua ngu dan lang chai. Vi vay, chinh quyen dia
phuong cung nhu cac so ban nganh cd lien quan can xem xet va dua ra nhung

huong giai quyet thoa dang hon cho van de nay.
- Ve van de bao tdn ban sac van hoa doc dao cua lang chai tren vinh Ha

Long. Lang chai tren vinh Ha Long von la mot net van hoa dac sac rieng cd va la
diem thu hut, hap dan du khach den vdi vinh Ha Long. Du khach den vdi Ha Long
khong chi bdi ve dep thien nhien ban tang ma con bdi sue hut tu net van hoa doc
dao cua cong dong cu dan lang chai sinh sdng tren vinh. Tuy nhien, khi de an di ddi
cac nha be tren vinh Ha Long duoc thuc hien thi hinh anh lang chai sinh sdng tren

vinh bi xoa bo. Dieu nay se lam mat di net doc dao trong van hoa cua vinh Ha

Long. Theo tdi, chinh quyen dia phuong sau khi di ddi cac nha be tren vinh len bo
nen cho phuc dung lai mo hinh cua mot so nha be tieu bieu bang cac chat lieu

khong gay o nhiem mdi trudng, bien nhung khu nha be nay thanh khu bao tang van
hoa tren bien, luu giu tat ca nhung net dac sac trong cuoc sdng cua ngu dan, giup
cho du khach khi den vdi Ha Long se van cam nhan duoc net van hoa doc dao nay.

Ben canh do, cung nen phuc dung lai mot so nhung dieu hat dan gian von da bi mai

vii

mot cua lang chai (hat giao duyen) de bieu dien cho du khach khi tdi tham quan.
Hoat dong nay vtra giup bao ton nhung net van hoa truyen thong ma cdn giup quang
ba tdi du khach quoc te. nang cao hinh anh du lich Ha Long tren ban do du lich the

giai.
- Cac sd ban nganh co lien quan cung nhu cac cap chinh quyen cung nen cd
nhung ldp huan luyen, dao tao cho ngu dan dia phuang nhieu han nua nham nang

cao y thuc, nhan thuc cua ngudi dan doi vdi cac van de ve moi trudng. xa hoi va

phat trien du lich ben vung. Quan ly sat sao han ddi song sinh hoat cua ngu dan dia

phuang, ngan chan va dep bd cac hinh thuc ban hang rong tren tau, cheo keo khach
du lich... gay mat hinh anh du lich cua Ha Long. Cac cong tac tuyen truyen, giao

due ve mdi trudng cho ngu dan lang chai can dugc to chuc mot each thudng xuyen

vdi nhieu noi dung, de tai phong phu da dang han. Cung cap cac thiet bi, cong cu ho
trg trong cong tac bao ve mdi trudng (thung rac, gie rua bat...) va hudng dan ho su

dung mot each hieu qua nhat, giam thieu tdi da nhung tac dong tieu cue den mdi

trudng.

- Giao due y thuc bao ve mdi trudng tu nhien, mdi trudng nhan van cho can
bo du lich, du khach va cong dong dia phuang. Hoat dong du lich chi ton tai va phat

trien khi mdi trudng du lich dugc bao ve dung each. Nhu vay, viec bao ve mdi

trudng du lich la het sue quan trgng va can thiet. Do khong chi la nhiem vu cua
rieng ca nhan, to chuc nao ma hoat dong nay doi hoi phai cd su chung tay gop sue

cua ca cong dong. Han ai het, cac to chuc bao ve mdi trudng, cac to chuc phat trien
du lich phai la ngudi di dau trong cong tac bao ve mdi trudng du lich. Hg chinh la

ngudi dua ra nhung chinh sach, luat dinh ve y thuc bao ve mdi trudng du lich cho

moi ngudi, trong do bao gom ca can bo nhan vien du lich, du khach va cu dan dia
phuang.

- Long ghep cac noi dung giao due ve vinh Ha Long vao cac chuong trinh
giao due tai cac trudng hgc tren dia ban tinh Quang Ninh. Viec lam nay nham


viii

hudng tdi viec xay dung mot the he indi cd y thuc va trinh do hon ve van de phat
trien du lich noi chung va phat trien du lich ben vung tren vinh Ha Long noi rieng.

4. Ket luan.
Du lich luon duoc coi la nganh kinh te mui nhon cua tinh Quang Ninh. trong

do, vinh Ha Long la mot diem nhan khong the bd qua trong viec quang ba va thu
hut khach du lich. Tu thuc te cac diem du lich dang bi khai thac mot each qua tai
dan den viec lam ton hai den gia tri canh quan, van hoa... cua diem du lich, su phat

trien xa hoi dan den su mai mot nhung net van hoa truyen thong.... Chinh vi vay

duoc dat ra vdi muc tieu giam thieu tdi da nhung tac dong tieu cue va tang dan
nhung tac ddng tich cue cua hoat dong du lich doi vdi moi trudng va xa hoi.

Danh gia nhung tac dong ve mat xa hoi cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich
den cuoc song cua cu dan lang chai sinh song tren vinh Ha Long la mot van de

nghien cuu kha mdi. Mac du trudc do da cd nhung nghien cuu ve nhung tac dong
cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich len cuoc song cua ngudi dan lang chai nhung chu

yeu de cap den cac van de ve mdi trudng, kinh te, xa hoi ma it de cap den nhung tac
dong ve mat xa hoi nhu nghien cuu "‘Bao ve mdi trudng thien nhien trong hoat dong

kinh doanh du lich Vinh Ha Long, Quang Ninh" cua tac gia Ha Thi Phuong Lan,
“Nghien cuu phat trien du lich ben vung tai khu vuc Vinh Ha Long" cua tac gia
Nguyen Hong Vinh, “Nghien cuu nhung giai phap phat trien du lich ben vung d

vinh Ha Long” cua tac gia Tran Phuong Loan.... Trong luan van nay, tac gia da

phan tich chu yeu nhung tac dong ve mat xa hoi cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich
doi vdi cuoc song cua cu dan lang chai sinh song tren vinh Ha Long ma dien hinh la

cu dan lang chai Cua Van. Tuy nhien trong qua trinh nghien cuu, phan tich, danh
gia, tac gia da cd de cap tdi mot so van de cd lien quan (mdi trudng, kinh te...) nhu
mot su md rong gop phan lam cho luan van hoan thien hon ve mat noi dung.
Trong qua tinh nghien cuu tac gia nhan thay nhung tac dong ve mat tich cue

cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tdi cuoc song cua ngu dan lang chai sinh song


tren vinh Ha Long co phan noi troi hon so vdi nhung tac dong tieu cue. Dieu nay

phan anh nhung budc di dung huong cua chinh quyen dia phuong trong quy hoach

va dinh huong kinh doanh du lich tren dia ban vinh Ha Long. Day la viec phai duoc
r

A

r

phat huy hon nira nham dem lai nhung ket qua tot hon trong tuong lai. Ben canh do.
nhung tac dong tieu cue can duoc dieu chinh va giam thieu mot each tdi da, gia tang
nhung loi ich cho cong dong dia phuong. Hoat dong du lich dien ra la mot dieu kien
r

r

•>

r

het sue quan trong giup cho cuoc sdng cua ngudi dan lang chai phat trien. Neu

khong cd sir phat trien cua cac hoat dong kinh doanh du lich nay thi viec thu hut sir
dau tu ve co sd vat chat, tai chinh, giao duc...ve lang chai se gap rat nhieu kho

khan. Cuoc sdng cua ngudi dan d day cd the khang dinh la se khong the phat trien
nhanh va tich circ den vay. Vi vay, du cd mang lai mot sd nhung tac dong tieu eye
ddi vdi cuoc sdng cua ngudi dan lang chai noi day thi viec phat trien cac hoat dong

du lich tren vinh Ha Long la dung dan va can thiet, bdi nhung loi ich ma nd mang

lai se phan nao giai quyet nhung tac dong tieu eye noi tren.


TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN

VU BICH I IlONG

DANH GIA TAC DONG
XA HOI
CUA HOAT
•
•
•

DONG
KINH DOANH DU LICH
IOI CONG
DONG
•
•
•

CU’ DAN LANG CHAI TAI
HA• LONG
•

Chuyen nganh: Quan tri kinh doanh khach san va du lich

LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANH

NGlTOl I1UON(, DAN KHOA HOC:

TS. DONG XU AN DAM

Ha Noi_2013


8

CHtfONG 1 TONG QUAN
1.1 Modau

Cung sir nghiep doi mdi cua dat nude hon 20 nam qua va sau 10 nam thuc

hien chien luuc phat trien du lich giai doan 2001 - 2010, nganh Du lich da cd nhieu
tien bo va dat duoc nhung thanh tuu dang ghi nhan, Luat du lich nam 2005 khang

dinh mot budc tien ldn ve khuon khd phap ly. Chien luuc, quy hoach phat trien du
lich, cac chuong trinh, ke hoach, de an, du an duoc trien khai rong khap tren pham

vi ca nude. He thong quan ly nha nude ve du lich tu trung uong den dia phuong
khong ngimg ddi mdi va hoan thien cung vdi su thinh hanh phat huy vai tro cua Ban

chi dao nha nude ve du lich. Su trudng thanh va ldn manh khong ngimg cua he
thong doanh nghiep du lich; cu sd ha tang cua cac trung tarn, diem den du lich, khu
nghi duung, khach san, khu giai tri, cac tuyen du lich. loai hinh du lich da dang tao

dien mao mdi va tien de quan trong tao da cho du lich Viet Nam phat trien.
Nhung ket qua danh gia thong qua cac chi tieu ve luung khach, thu nhap, ty
trong GDP va viec lam da khang dinh vai tro cua nganh du lich trong nen kinh te

qudc dan. Nganh du lich da dong gop quan trong vao tang trudng kinh te, xoa ddi
giam ngheo, dam bao an sinh xa hoi, bao ton va phat huy gia tri van hoa, bao ve mdi
trudng va gitr vung an ninh qudc phong. Ben canh nhung thanh tuu dat duoc, qua
10 nam thuc hien chien luuc cho thay nganh du lich con nhieu han che va bat cap,

nhieu khd khan, trd ngai van chua duuc giai quyet thoa dang, chua cd budc phat
trien dot pha de khang dinh thuc su la nganh kinh te mui nhon, ket qua chua tuung

xung vdi tiem nang va lui the cua dat nude, phat trien nhung van an chua nhieu
nguy cu, yeu to thieu ben vung.

Xu huong hoi nhap, hop tac, canh tranh toan cau, giao luu mu rong va tang
cudng ung dung khoa hoc cong nghe trong nen kinh te tri thuc tren the gidi dang

tao nhung cu hoi to ldn dong thdi cung la thach thuc doi vdi phat trien du lich.

Trude bdi canh va xu hudng do, Viet Nam can phai cd chien luuc phat trien du lich
vdi quan diem phat trien dot pha dap ung duoc nhung yeu cau mdi cua thdi dai ve


9
tinh chuyen nghiep, hien dai, hoi nhap, hieu qua va ben vtrng tuong xung vdi tiem
nang cua dat nude, du sue manh canh tranh trong khu vuc va quoc te.

Nhu cau du lich co d tren toan the giai. Theo Hoi dong Du lich va Ltr hanh

The giai (WTTC) va To chuc Du lich the gidi (UNWTO), du lich va cac hoat dong
kinh te lien quan cua nd tao ra duqc 11% GDP toan cau, tuyen dung 200 trieu lao

dong va chuyen chd gan 700 trieu du khach tren toan the gidi mdi nam. Du lich the
gidi tang trudng duqc udc tinh khoang 7,4% vao nam 2000. Day la ty le tang

trudng gan nhu la cao nhat trong mot thap ky va gan nhu gap doi nam 1999. Han

698 trieu ngudi di chuyen ra nude ngoai trong nam 2000 va chi tieu khoang 476
trieu USD, tang khoang 4,5% so vdi nam trudc. Con so nay duqc du kien la se tang
gap doi vao nam 2020. UNWTO danh gia rang ty le giua du lich noi dia va du lich

quoc te la kha cao, khoang 10:1. Mac du ty le nay cd the dao dong manh tu nude
nay sang nude khac. Tuy nhien, du lich van chiu anh hudng bdi nhung tac dong cua
cac su kien kinh te, chinh tri tren toan the gidi. Dien hinh nhu su kien cuoc khung

bo xay ra tai Hoa Ky ngay 11/9/2001, nhung cuoc chien tranh lien quan den nhung
mau thuan d khu vuc Iraq, Afghanistan, su giam manh cua kinh te toan cau, nhung

kho khan cho nganh hang khong dang tang do cac tien trinh ve an ninh va gia dau

tang cao, cac dich benh bung no nhu dich cum gia cam... Ket qua cua mot loat

nhung su kien tren la du lich toan cau bi giam 0.5% vao nam 2001. Sau do mot nam
thi nganh du lich da dan dan phuc hoi va bat dau tang trudng trd lai. Vao nam 2004,

du lich toan cau bat nhanh trd lai va bat dau tang trudng. Nua dau nam 2006, du lich
toan cau da tang 4.5%. Nhu vay, nganh du lich luon cd nhung dao dong ldn hang
nam, va cong ddng dia phuong luon phai chuan bi trudc nhung dieu nay. Du lich

dai dien cho mot trong 5 llnh vuc xuat khau ldn cho 83% quoc gia va la nguon
ngoai te chinh cho 38% quoc gia tren the gidi (Conservation International 2003).

Du lich quoc te tang trudng mot each bat thuong d khoang 21% d khu vuc Ddng
Nam A trong nua dau nam 2006 so vdi cung ky cua nam 2005, va tang them 4.5%
tren toan the gidi. Su tang trudng nhanh mot phan nhd vao su phuc hoi du lich d

nhung vung ma song than da di qua vao thang 12/2004, cung nhu su tiep tuc vuqt
qua dich benh SARS vao nam 2003. Vi du: du lich Maldives tang den 97% trong


10

nam 2006, cao hon cung ky nam 2005 (trudc khi co song than), va khach nude
ngoai da qua canh qua san bay Bangkok d Thai Lan tang 29% trong 3 thang dSu

nam 2006. Su tang trudng du lich nhanh d trong vung cung nhd vao su gia tang lien
tuc d An Do (+15%). Su tu do di lai cua du khach trong dat lien cua Trung Quoc va
su phat trien cua ca dich vu van chuyen hang khong gia re trong khu vuc. 0 khu

vuc Dong Nam A, Campuchia (+19%), Philippines (+13%), Singapore (+15%) va
Viet Nam (+12%) tat ca deu tang 2 con so d nhung diem den cua du lich quoc te
trong nua dau nam 2006 va trong mot so nam (Nguon www.worldtourism.org). Nhu

vay, su tang trudng du lich trong vung dang gia tang nhanh mot each bat thudng va
khong co dau hieu giam.

Trong nhung nam trd lai day, du lich dang dan trd thanh mot trong nhung
nganh kinh te mui nhon cua Viet Nam.. Cung vdi su phat trien cua du lich the gidi,

nganh du lich Viet Nam ngay cang dugc quan tarn va dong vai trd quan trong trong
nen kinh te dat nude: Nam 2008, Viet Nam da don dugc 4,2 trieu lugt khach quoc te
va 20 trieu lugt khach noi dia, doanh thu udc dat 60 ti dong (Theo Bao cao tdng ket

cong tac 2008 cua Tong cue du lich).
Noi den du lich Viet Nam khong the khong nhac den Quang Ninh vdi danh

thang Vinh Ha Long hai lan dugc UNESCO cong nhan la di san thien nhien the gidi

ve gia tri canh quan (17/12/1994) va gia tri dia chat dia mao (02/12/2000). Trong
nhieu nam qua. nganh du lich Quang Ninh da co nhung budc tien nhay vot, va co
nhieu nhung dong gop to ldn ve mat kinh te. Theo sd lieu thong ke cua Sd Van hoa-

The thao va Du lich tinh Quang Ninh, tinh den het thang 11/2011, tdng khach du
lich den Quang Ninh la 5.825.000 lugt, tang 11% so vdi cung ky. Trong do, khach
quoc te dat 2.176.000 lugt, tang 15% so vdi cung ky, khach luu tru dat 2.415.000

lugt, tang 29%. Tdng doanh thu dat 3.314 ty dong, tang 14% so vdi cung ky. Theo
udc tinh ca nam 2011, tdng khach du lich den Quang Ninh dat 6.464.000 lugt,tang
19% trong do khach quoc te dat 2.286.00 lugt, doanh thu du lich udc dat 3.551 ty

dong, tang 25%.


11

Bang 1 So lieu thong ke ve nganh du lich Quang Ninh thang 1 nam 2013
Danh muc

So sanh voi

DVT

16 c Thang 1

Luat khach

486,500

108%

285,000

109%

1 - Luat khach

215,000

109%

Trong do: khach quoc te

125,000

113%

342,000

108%

225,000

113%

31,187

108%

1 - Khach quoc te

29,842

108%

2- Khach noi dia

1,345

113%

252,000

101%

197,000

115%

318,200

113%

26,100

113%

* Phdng nghi

94,000

113%

* An uong

81,900

107%

* Van chuyen khach

35,070

113%

(Van chuyen khach tham Vinh)

19,300

123%

* Ban hang hoa

41,800

108%

* P.vu VC giai tri

15,400

139%

* Doanh thu khac

24,000

128%

C- Ve tham Vinh

14,000

123%

A- Tong luat khach du lich den

Quang Ninh
Trong do: khach du lich qudc te

I- Khach luu tru

2- Ngay khach

Luat khach

Ngay khach

Trong do: N.khach quoc te

II- Khach Kr hanh do cac doanh

nghiep Iff hanh trong tinh khai thac

cung ky 2012

Luat khach

III- Khach tham di tich lich su van

hoa.
IV- Khach tham Vinh Ha Long

B- Tong doanh thu du lich

Trieu dong

Trong do:
* Lu hanh

(Ngudn: Phdng Nghiep vu du lich - Sd Van hoa, The thao va Du lich Quang Ninh)


12

Nhin vao bang so lieu tren co the thay rang, lugng khach du lich den vdi

Quang Ninh vdi muc dich tham quan Vinh Ha Long chiem mot so lugng khdng
nhd. Tuy nhien, ngoai nhung ddng gop tich cue ve mat kinh te thi cac hoat dong
kinh doanh du lich d Quang Ninh noi chung va thanh pho Ha Long noi rieng cung

mang den nhung tac dong tich ctrc cung nhu tieu cue khac ve mat van hoa, xa hoi.
So luong khach du lich tang, ve mat tich cue, nd giup thuc day nganh du lich d

Quang Ninh phat trien, tao ra nhieu cong an viec lam. tang them thu nhap cho cac
lao dong dia phuong, ddng thdi gop phan cai thien cac dieu kien ve co sd ha tang va
cac dich vu cho dia phuong. Quan trong hon. du lich phat trien giup quang ba hinh

anh con ngudi Quang Ninh noi rieng va Viet Nam noi chung den vdi ban be quoc

te. Ben canh nhung tac dong tich cue thi toe do phat trien chong mat cua nganh du
lich Quang Ninh hien nay cung da mang lai nhung tac dong tieu cue, gay anh hudng
khong nhd tdi cuoc song cua cu dan dia phuong, trong do cd cuoc song cua cu dan
cac lang chai song tren vinh Ha Long. Viec khac phuc cac tac dong tieu cue nay se
phai can tdi su vao cuoc cua cac ben lien quan nhu chinh quyen dia phuong. cac

cong ty kinh doanh du lich va ban than nhung cu dan lang chai.
Vdi mong muon tim hieu va danh gia duoc nhung su thay doi trong cuoc
song cua cu dan cac lang chai tren vinh Ha Long dudi nhung tac dong ve mat xa hoi
cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich, tdi da chon de tai: “Dank gid tac dong xa hoi
cua cac hoat dong kinh doanh du lich toi cong ddng etc dan dia phuong lang chai
tai Ha Long ' la de tai luan van thac si cua minh. Trong pham vi nghien cuu de tai

nay, tdi chon lang chai Cua Van la doi tugng nghien cuu.
r

1.2 Doi tuong nghien cuu.

Nhung tac dong ve mat xa hoi cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tai Ha Long

tdi cuoc song cua cu dan lang chai tren vinh Ha Long, vdi tinh hudng cu the la lang
chai Cua Van. Nhung tac dong cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich d day se duoc
nghien cuu tren hai khia canh, do la tac dong tich cue va tac dong tieu cue nham

dua ra cai nhin rd net nhat va bao quat nhat ve muc do anh hudng cua hoat dong
kinh doanh du lich tdi cuoc song cua cu dan lang chai d day. Cu the, doi tugng


13

nghien cuu trong luan van nay se bao gom ca nhung tac dong tich cue va tieu cue
cua cac hoat dong kinh doanh du lich trong nhung nam trd lai day co anh hudng den
cuoc song cua cu dan lang chai dang sinh song tren vinh Ha Long, trong do cd lang

chai Cua Van la mot vi du dien hinh. Nhung tac dong nay se duqc nghien cuu chu
yeu ve mat tac dong xa hoi chu khong di sau nghien cuu vao nhung tac dong ve mdi

trudng hay kinh te, chinh tri.
1.3 Pham vi nghien cuu.

- Cac hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tren dia ban thanh pho Ha Long noi chung va
tren lang chai noi rieng.

- Cuoc song cua cu dan lang chai bao gom ca cac hoat dong muu sinh cung nhu van
hoa truyen thong.

- Nhung tac dong ve mat xa hoi cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tdi cu dan lang

chai dang sinh song tren vinh (lang chai Cua Van) trong thdi gian 10 nam trd lai
day.

1.4 Muc tieu nghien ciru.

- Tim hieu nhung tac dong tich cue va tieu cue cua cua cac hoat dong kinh

doanh du lich hien nay tren dia ban thanh pho Ha Long tdi cuoc song cua cu dan

lang chai bao gdm nhung gi? Nd cd tac dong nhu the nao den cuoc song cua cong
dong cu dan dia phuong tai day.

- Danh gia muc do anh hudng cua cac hoat dong nay tdi cuoc song cua cu dan

lang chai.
- Dua ra mot so giai phap cho nhung mat con ton tai, giai quyet phan nao mot
so nhung tac dong tieu cue ve mat xa hoi cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tdi cac
lang chai (neu cd).