Hội nghị Lão khoa thường niên 2022
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Vai trò inositolvà hệ bột đường tiên tiến
trong kiểm soát bệnh đái tháo đường
BS. Võ Tuấn Khoa
Nội dung
• Vai trị của dinh dưỡng
• Inositol
• Hệ bột đường tiên tiến
Vai trò dinh dưỡng
Dinh dưỡng trị liệu
• Nutrition therapy, Medical nutrition therapy
• Treatment of a medical condition (ex DM) = change in
diet
– Quality
– Quantity
– Methods of nutrient intake
/>
Dinh dưỡng chuyên biệt ĐTĐ
• Diabetic specific nutritional formula; Diabetic specific
formula (DSF)
– specialized forms of therapy that consist of macro- and
micronutrient ingredients to manage malnutrition, dysglycemia,
and other cardiometabolic risk factors
– low glycemic indices and complement dietary recommendations
for patients with type 2 diabetes
Nutrients 2020, 12, 3616; doi:10.3390/nu12123616
Inositol
Inositol là gì?
• 1850: Scherer J. isolated from muscle cell: inosite
– inos: muscle
– ite: ester
• Inositol (term)
– in: fiber, sinew
– ose: carbohydrate
– ol: alcohol
Irvine, R. F. A short history of inositol lipids. J. Lipid Res. 2016. 57: 1987–1994.
Inositol là gì?
•
Inositol (chemical)
–
–
•
Myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiroinositol (DCI)
–
–
•
six-carbon ring structure
each hydroxylated carbon
active
common
Source of Myo-inositol
– dietary intake, with cereals,
legumes, oil seeds and nuts
(1g/day)
– endogenously with kidneys (4g/day)
Front. Pharmacol. 2019: 10:1172. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01172; Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2187
Vai trị của inositol
• Inositol: component of structural lipids: phosphatidyl-inositol (PI)
and its various phosphates, including phosphatidyl-inositol
phosphate (PIP) lipids
• MI: as second messenger in the transduction of several endocrine
signals (FSH, TSH and insulin)
Figure 2. Synthesis, sources and role of
myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol in insulin
signaling pathway.
G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; MIPS1, myoinositol-phosphate synthase; IMPase,
inositol monophosphatase; IP3, inositoltrisphosphate; IP2, inositol-biphosphate;
MI, myo-inositol; DCI, D-chiro-inositol;
GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4; FFA,
free fatty acids; IRS2, insulin receptor type
2; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase;
GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β
Inositols as chemical insulin mediators
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2187
Insulin signaling pathway
IRS: insulin receptor substract
PI3P: Phosphoinositite 3 phosphate
PDK: Protein 3-phosphoinositidedependent protein kinase
Akt: protein kinase B
GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4;
Thiếu inositol
Giảm cung cấp
Thiếu inositol gây tác động
đến tình trạng bệnh lý, như
là đề kháng insulin và đái
tháo đường 1
Ức chế ruột non
và tế bào thu
nhận
Thiếu hụt
Inositol
Tăng dị hóa và
thải trừ
Giảm sinh tổng hợp
1. Dinicola S. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(10). pii: E2187. doi: 10.3390/ijms18102187.
11
Inadequate
inositol
in
insulin
resistance
Insulin signaling is decreased under conditions of insulin resistance
Insulin
Thụ thể Insulin
Glucose
Trạng thái bị khóa
GLUT4
PIP3
PIP3: Phosphatidylinositol
triphosphate
P
IRS
P
Đề kháng insulin
• Thừa cân/béo phì
• Phản ứng viêm
• Tăng đường huyết , etc.
PI3K
PDK1
P
Akt
P
GLUT4
Translocation
PKC
Làm thay đổi tế bào và hậu quả giảm
tín hiệu insulin
Dinicola S. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(10). pii: E2187. doi: 10.3390/ijms18102187
Inadequate
inositol
in
insulin
resistance
Insulin signaling is decreased under conditions of insulin resistance
Insulin
Thụ thể Insulin
PIP3: Phosphatidylinositol
triphosphate
PI
M-inositol
P
IRS
P
PI3K
Trạng thái
“mở khóa”
GLUT4
PIP3
Glucose
PDK1
P
Akt
P
GLUT4
Translocation
PKC
Dinicola S. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(10). pii: E2187. doi: 10.3390/ijms18102187
• ĐTĐ típ 2
• Tuổi ≥ 18
• Dùng ít nhất 1 loại thuốc hạ
glucose huyết
• HbA1c: 7-10% (3 tháng trước
đó)
Int J Endocrinol. 2016;2016:9132052.
• Can thiệp trước-sau
• N= 20
• Thuốc kết hợp 3 thành phần:
– Myo inositol (550mg)
– D chiro inositol (13.8mg)
– Folic acid (400mcg)
• Theo dõi sau 3 tháng
250
p=0.02
Baseline
3 months
200
150
p=0.14
FPG (mg/dL)
HbA1c (%)
Weight (Kg)
Baseline
192.6
8.6
80.5
3 months
160.9
7.7
79.8
100
p=0.02
50
0
FPG
HbA1c
Weight
Supplementation with a combination of MI and DCI is an effective and safe
strategy for improving glycemic control in T2DM
Clin Nutr. 2019;38(3):1146-1152.
• 20 nghiên cứu được phân tích tổng hợp
• Inositol và các dẫn xuất như MI, DCI, Pinitol
• Đối tượng: ĐTĐ; tiền ĐTĐ; mãn kinh; PCOS; thừa cân
Outcome
Inositol
Control
Mean different or RR (95%CI)
P
FPG (mmol/l)
524
532
-0.44 (-0.65; -0.23)
<0.0001
HbA1c (%)
122
117
-0.31 (-0.70; 0.09)
0.13
HOMA-IR
(mIU/l*mmol/l)
244
255
-1.96 (-2.62; -1.30)
<0.0001
BMI (kg/m2)
240
226
0.04 (-0.30; 0.38)
0.83
Inositol supplementation decreases glucose profiles through an
improvement in insulin sensitivity that is independent of weight.
Hệ bột đường tiên tiến
Carbohydrat
Low vs high glycemic
J Cereal Sci. 2014;59(3):312-326. doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2014.01.001
Slow vs fast digested
New advanced carbohydrate system
• Hệ bột đường tiên tiến:
– Low glycemic
– Slow digested
• Glucerna Gladiator
–
–
–
–
–
Fructose
Fibersol-2
FOS và oat fiber
Isomalutose
Sucromalt
Fructose
• monosaccharide in fruit and honey
• low glycemic index (15-23)
Low-dose fructose (≤ 10 g/meal) may improve glycemic control
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2017, 106, 439-442. British Journal of Nutrition. 2012, 108, 418-423
Fibersol-2
• degestion-resistant maltodextrin
• low glycemic index (<5)
• dietary fiber
Fibersol-2: blood glucose and lipid; stool frequency and satiety
Advanced Dietary Fibre Technology, B. McCleary and L. Prosky, Editors. 2001, Blackwell Science Ltd. p. 509-523. Resistant
maltodextrin overview, in Dietary Fiber and Health. 2012, CRC Press. p.279-292. Nutr Res. 2015, 35, 393-400
Fructo-Oligosaccharide (FOS) and oat fiber
• FOS
– from plants (orion, artichoke,
garlic, banana…)
– not hydrolyzed by small
intestinal glycosidases and
unchanged structurally at
cecum
– prebiotic effect stimulate the
growth of nonpathogenic
intestinal microflora
• Oat fiber
– not dissolve in water and not
digested by intestinal bacteria
– blood glucose control and
management and prevention
of diabetes ( insulin
resistance; post prandial
hyperglycemia)
J Physiol Biochem. 2009;65(3):315-328; Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2019, 39, 524-540
Isomaltulose
• modified disaccharide in beet
• low glycemic index (32)
• slowly hydrolyzed in the small intestine
Isomaltulose: postprandial endogenous GIP, GLP-1 and saving insulin secretion
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014, 100, 1059-1068. Diabetes Care. 2016, 39, e38-e39
Sucromalt
•
•
•
•
slowly and fully digestible low-glycemic carbohydrate
low glycemic index (49)
natural sweetness of sugar and 4 kcal/g
relevant beneficial effect on blood glucose response
among type 2 diabetes
Sucro
Maltose
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007, 62, 1364-1371. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2010, 12, 419-425