Tl môn tiếng anh chuyên ngành i

TIỂU LUẬN MÔN TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH I

I. LISTENING
1. Transcript
School districts around the United States were not ready for online
learning when the coronavirus health crisis hit – and it affected students.
Research on test scores over the past year suggests that students'
learning slowed down. A study by the Center for Reinventing Public
Education (CRPE) pointed to school closures and the switch to remote
learning as likely reasons for the problem.
Lawmakers and parents have said the return to in-person classes is
important for this school year. But education experts say online classes are
here to stay and that students need to know how to learn online to be prepared
for college and the workforce.
Christine Pitts is an education expert with CRPE. She said that it is
hard to judge the effectiveness of last year's remote learning. Many school
districts had to make a quick change to remote classes during the health crisis
and were not prepared.
"We know that virtual learning is not going to go away in a postCOVID world," Pitts said. "But we also know that it cannot be the same as
emergency learning."
Pitts said there is little research on how to structure online classes. She
said few education researchers have looked at online teaching methods at the
kindergarten through 12th grade level.

1


"Not having that evidence makes it really hard for systems leaders, for
teachers, for superintendents to make those decisions about how to design
remote learning moving forward," Pitts said.
Educators do have some research about how to structure online

learning.
For example, research suggests that children learn better when they
can physically move around. Online classes could support this kind of
behavior by asking students to take walks or do activities away from the
computer, argued Katie Taylor in the publication The Conversation. She is a
professor of learning sciences and human development at the University of
Washington.
Learning the best methods for online teaching has taken some time,
said Judy Perez. She is an educator with 20 years of experience in online
education at the kindergarten through 12th grade level. She is also the head of
iLearn Collaborative in Colorado. It is a non-profit organization that trains
teachers in online teaching methods.
Colorado passed a law in 2007 that expanded online and hybrid classes
in the state. Hybrid classes mix online and in-person instruction.
Perez began teaching virtual instruction in 2001 when "we didn't know
what we were doing. We were just trying to figure out, how do we teach in
this space?"
But over time, she and other experts were able to develop training
methods and measure student performance in online classrooms.
Last year, Perez said many teachers in the districts she worked with
before the pandemic were surprised. They found they were able to make the
change from in- person to virtual learning quickly when the pandemic started.

2


She said, however, that student learning was affected by how well-trained a
teacher was in online instruction.
"I think you would see a difference in student...learning depending on
how well- trained the teachers were and those that just jumped into this

environment," Perez said.
Taking a lesson meant for the classroom and simply moving it online
does not work, she said. Teachers need to be able to use the online
environment and computer technology to keep their students interested. They
also need to build relationships with their students, said Jill Pelligrini. She
also trains teachers for iLearn Collaborative.
"What we've been doing with our training is really focusing
on

that student engagement," Pellegrini said. "How do you build

community? How do you build relationships?"
Pitts said that kids learning at home have made parents more involved
in their child's schooling. It has become easier for parents to see what their
children are learning and how they are progressing. They can ask teachers
questions about what is being learned.
It is something "that we want to pull forward into whatever remote
learning occurs" in the future, Pitts said.
Perez said that all students should have some experience with online
learning. Those that do not will have a harder time when they go to college or
enter workforce- training programs that use online instruction, she said.
Perez added she does not recommend fully online schooling. But she
said hybrid classes could be better for students needing special consideration
like athletes and those with disabilities or health problems.

3


Pitts noted that there is little research about how to teach virtual classes,
what classes are easier or harder to teach online, or what kinds of students are

best for it.
"It's such an understudied type of teaching," she said. I'm Dan Novak.
Dan Novak wrote this for VOA Learning English. Mario Ritter, Jr. was the
editor.
2. Question
Question 1-5: Decide if each of the statements below is TRUE/FALSE
or NOT GIVEN
1. CRPE’s research pointed out that school shutdown and the shift to
virtual learning were likely causes of the student’s slowdown learning.
2. The immediate re-opening of traditional classrooms have been said
to be vital for most schools by parents and legislators.
3. During the health crisis, plenty of school districts did not have
arrangements for a rapid change to conventional learning.
4. E-learning is not going to fade away when the COVID pandemic is
over, according to Pitts
5. Pitts said that lots of education analysts have investigated online
teaching approaches from the kindergarten to12th grade level.
Question 6-10: Fill in each gap with NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS
Because of not having that indication, systems leaders, instructors and
(6)…………………………………….find it arduous to give verdict on
building on- screen classroom model, according to Pitts. A few studies about
methods for organizing web-based classes have been done by professors.

4


For instance, study shows that youngsters learn better if they can (7)
…………In the publication The Conversation, Katie Taylor, a lecturer of
learning sciences and human development at the University of Washington,

had an argument that online learning could also meet the above requirement.
Instructors in a virtual environment can ask learners to (8)……….or engage
them in some non-computer related activities.
It has taken a while to find the best teaching methods for online
classrooms, said Judy Perez. She has worked for 20 years as an educationist
in the field of (9)…………..from kindergarten to 12th grade level. Judy Perez
is additionally the head of iLearn Collaborative - a non-profit organization
in Colorado that educates teachers how to teach in a virtual environment.
In 2007, a law on enlargement (10) …………….classes was passed in
Colorado. Hybrid classes are the combination of face to face and virtual
learning.
Question 11-15: Answers each question with NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS
11. Besides being able to expand training approaches, what else could
Perez and other educators do after the period of educating online instruction?
12. How did people who used to work with Perez adapt to the switch to
the online classroom model?
13. What was impacted by the quality of the teacher’s instruction in a
virtual environment?
14. According to Jill Pelligrini, in addition to sustaining the interest,
what do an instructor also need to do with students in online lessons?
15. What do the teachers at iLearn Collaborative pay attention to during
their training?

5


Question 16-20: Matching information (Choose ONE letter for each
question)
16. Parents A. is not advocated fully by Perez

17. Perez

B. have become more aloof from child's schooling

when kids learn at home.
18. Online schooling

C. is in favor of full online learning and

suggests hybrid classes instead
19. Hybrid classes D. could be better for students possessing special
techniques like athletes or those with no health needs
20. Pitts

E. said that students who do not have any backgrounds

with e-learning will be in difficulty when they attend university or enter
the workforce-training agendas that use online instruction.
F. remarked that there are few studies about teaching methods in
virtual classrooms
G. might be superior for students requiring extraordinary
attention and those with incapacities or health issues.
H. have monitored children's progress with ease and also can
inquire about learning- related issues when kids learn in virtual
environment
3. Answer
Question 1-5: Decide if each of the statements below is TRUE/FALSE
or NOT GIVEN
1. CRPE’s research pointed out that school shutdown and the shift to
virtual learning were likely causes of the student’s slowdown learning. T

(Research on test scores over the past year suggests that students'
learning slowed down. A study by the Center for Reinventing Public
6


Education (CRPE) pointed to school closures and the switch to remote
learning as likely reasons for the problem )
2. The immediate re-opening of traditional classrooms have been said
to be vital for most schools by parents and legislators. NG
(Lawmakers and parents have said the return to in-person classes is
important for this school year.)
3. During the health crisis, plenty of school districts did not have
arrangements for a rapid change to conventional learning. F
(Many school districts had to make a quick change to remote classes
during the health crisis and were not prepared.)
4. E-learning is not going to fade away when the COVID pandemic is
over, according to Pitts T
("We know that virtual learning is not going to go away in a postCOVID world," Pitts said )
5. Pitts said that lots of education analysts have investigated online
teaching approaches from the kindergarten to12th grade level. F
(She said few education researchers have looked at online teaching
methods at the kindergarten through 12th grade level)
Question 6-10: Fill in each gap with NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS
BẢN GỐC
"Not having that evidence makes it really hard for systems leaders, for
teachers, for (6) superintendents to make those decisions about how to design
remote learning moving forward," Pitts said. Educators do have some
research about how to structure online learning.

7


For example, research suggests that children learn better when they
can (7) physically move around. Online classes could support this kind of
behavior by asking students to (8) take walks or do activities away from
the

computer, argued Katie Taylor

in

the

publication The

Conversation. She is a professor of learning sciences and human development
at the University of Washington.
Learning the best methods for online teaching has taken some time,
said Judy Perez. She is an educator with 20 years of experience in (9) online
education at the kindergarten through 12th grade level. She is also the head
of iLearn Collaborative in Colorado. It is a non-profit organization that trains
teachers in online teaching methods.
Colorado passed a law in 2007 that expanded (10) online and hybrid
classes in the state. Hybrid classes mix online and in-person instruction.
BẢN PARAPHRASE
Because of not having that indication, systems leaders, instructors and
(6)…………………………………….find it arduous to give verdict on
building on- screen classroom model, according to Pitts. A few studies
about methods for organizing web-based classes have been done by

professors.
For instance, study shows that youngsters learn better if they can (7)
…………In the publication The Conversation, Katie Taylor, a lecturer of
learning sciences and human development at the University of Washington,
had an argument that online learning could also meet the above requirement.
Instructors in a virtual environment can ask learners to (8)……….or engage
them in some non- computer related activities.
It has taken a while to find the best teaching methods for online
classrooms, said Judy Perez. She has worked for 20 years as an educationist

8


in the field of (9)…………..from kindergarten to 12th grade level. Judy Perez
is additionally the head of iLearn Collaborative - a non-profit organization in
Colorado that educates teachers how to teach in a virtual environment.
In 2007, a law on enlargement (10) …………….classes was passed
in Colorado. Hybrid classes are the combination of face to face and virtual
learning.
Question 11-15: Answers each question with NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS
11. Besides being able to expand training approaches, what else could
Perez and other educators do after the period of educating online instruction ?
measure student performance
(But over time, she and other experts were able to develop training
methods and measure student performance in online classrooms)
12. How did people who used to work with Perez adapt to the switch to
the online classroom model ? quickly
(Last year, Perez said many teachers in the districts she worked with
before the pandemic were surprised. They found they were able to make the

change from in- person to virtual learning quickly when the pandemic
started.)
13. What was impacted by the quality of the teacher’s instruction in a
virtual environment? student learning
(She said, however, that student learning was affected by how welltrained a teacher was in online instruction.)
14. According to Jill Pelligrini, in addition to sustaining the interest,
what do an instructor also need to do with students in online lessons ? build
relationships

9


(Teachers need to be able to use the online environment and computer
technology to keep their students interested. They also need to build
relationships with their students, said Jill Pelligrini.)
15. What do the teachers at iLearn Collaborative pay attention to during
their training? student engagement
("What we've been doing with our training is really focusing
on that student engagement," Pellegrini said.)
Question 16-20: Matching information (Choose ONE letter for each
question)
16. Parents H
(It has become easier for parents to see what their children are
learning and how they are progressing. They can ask teachers questions
about what is being learned.)
A. is not advocated fully by Perez
17. Perez E
(Perez said that all students should have some experience with online
learning. Those that do not will have a harder time when they go to college or
enter workforce- training programs that use online instruction, she said.)

B. have become more aloof from child's schooling when kids learn
at home.
18. Online schooling A
(Perez added she does not recommend fully online schooling.)
C. is in favor of full online learning and suggests hybrid classes
instead
19. Hybrid classes G

10


(But she said hybrid classes could be better for students needing special
consideration like athletes and those with disabilities or health problems.)
D. could be better for students possessing special techniques like
athletes or those with no health needs
20. Pitts

F

E. said that students who do not have any backgrounds
learning

will

be

with

e-

in difficulty when they attend university or enter the

workforce-training agendas that use online instruction.
(Pitts noted that there is little research about how to teach virtual
classes)
F. remarked that there are few studies about teaching methods in virtual
classrooms
G. might be superior for students requiring extraordinary

attention

and those with incapacities or health issues.
H. have monitored children's progress with ease and also can inquire
about learning- related issues when kids learn in virtual environment.
II.

READING

READING: SUMMARIZE THE FOLLOWING NEWS IN YOUR
OWN WORDS (100-150 WORDS)
Germany's Olaf Scholz takes over from Merkel as chancellor Olaf
Scholz has been sworn in as Germany's new chancellor, formally taking
power after Angela Merkel's historic 16 years as leader.
He promised he would do all he could to work towards a new start for
Germany.
As she left the chancellery, ending a 31-year political career, Mrs
Merkel told her former vice-chancellor to approach the task "with joy".
11

His centre-left Social Democrats will govern alongside the Greens and
the business- friendly Free Democrats.
Mr Scholz, a soft-spoken 63-year-old, steered the Social Democrats to
election victory in late September, positioning himself as the continuity
candidate because he played a key role in the Merkel government as vicechancellor.
The German parliament, the Bundestag, backed him as chancellor by
395 votes to 303, and he was then formally appointed as the ninth federal
chancellor by President Frank-Walter Steinmeier.
After the vote in parliament, he was asked by Bundestag President
Bärbel Bas whether he accepted the appointment and said "yes". He later took
the oath of office and, unlike his predecessor, he left out the religious
reference "so help me God". Since the election, Mr Scholz's party has worked
with the Greens and the Free Democrats on a coalition deal, which was
finally signed on Tuesday. All 16 ministers took the oath of office on
Wednesday, becoming Germany's first cabinet to include as many women as
men.
The new government has ambitious plans to fight climate change by
phasing out coal early and focusing on renewable energy, but their initial
priority will be tackling the coronavirus pandemic.
Health authorities have recorded another 69,601 cases in the past 24
hours and a further 527 deaths - the highest number since last winter.
Mr Scholz is already a known and trusted face in Berlin and Brussels.
He marketed himself to voters as sort of Merkel Mark Two, despite hailing
from a different political party.
But it's not all about continuity, and friends and trade partners of this
rich and powerful nation will be watching closely.
12


Mr Scholz's coalition government is a never-before-seen marriage of

convenience. What unites them, they claim, is a determination to modernise
Germany, while preserving the country's treasured stability.
Immediate challenges for them are:
•

Covid - Germany is in the midst of a pernicious fourth wave and

considering mandatory vaccination
• The threat of a Russian invasion of Ukraine
•

Angela Merkel was accused of putting trade before politics.

Team Scholz is expected to be somewhat tougher on Moscow and Beijing
despite the potential economic hit to German business.
Relations with Washington may improve as a result, though, and that is
a declared priority of Olaf Scholz's fledgling coalition.
Mr Scholz's first foreign trip as chancellor will be to Paris and Brussels
on Friday. He and Greens joint leader Annalena Baerbock, who becomes
foreign minister, will have to respond to fears surrounding Russia's military
build-up near the border with Ukraine.
Although Russia has denied plans to invade its neighbour, Angela
Merkel agreed with US President Joe Biden and the leaders of the UK, France
and Italy late on Tuesday that they would adopt a joint strategy to respond by
imposing "significant and severe harm on the Russian economy".
One obvious economic measure would be to threaten Russia's Nord
Stream 2 gas pipeline to Germany, which has been completed but is still
awaiting approval from the German energy regulator.
US officials say they have reached an understanding with Germany that
the pipeline would be shut down, which would be a significant intervention.

13


In a message of congratulations to Mr Scholz, Russian President
Vladimir Putin said he looked forward to constructive dialogue, and hoped
that Germany continued to recognise "there's no alternative to dialogue".
Leaving the chancellery in Berlin on Wednesday afternoon, Mrs Merkel
was applauded by staff as she told her successor to take over and work for the
good of Germany. In turn he spoke of the crises that had brought them
together and of the "deeply trusting collaboration" they had developed.
First elected in December 1990, Angela Merkel was immediately given
a ministerial job by then Chancellor Helmut Kohl.
But she then helped oust him and became Christian Democrat leader in
2000, before becoming chancellor herself in November 2005.
She will still have an office close to the Bundestag, in a flat that was
once used by Margot Honecker, once dubbed the most powerful woman in
communist East Germany.
 Mr. Scholz, who led the Social Democrats to victory in the elections
at the end of September, was nominated by President Frank-Walter Steinmeier
as Germany's ninth federal chancellor. Olaf Scholz has officially came to
power after 16 years of historic leadership by Chancellor Angela Merkel. The
new government has plans to tackle climate change, but its initial priority will
be controling the coronavirus pandemic. In addition, the coalition government
of Mr. Scholz affirmed its assurance to modernize Germany, whereas keeping
up the country’s valuable stability. Currently, there are a number of challenges
they have confronted such as:the fourth wave of the Covid pandemic, the
threat of a Russian invasion of Ukraine and the alleged putting trade before
politics. In its stance, the Scholz Group is expected to take a tougher stance
on Moscow and Beijing despite the potential economic impact on German

business. On Friday, Mr. Scholz will have a first foreign trip as prime minister
to Paris and Brussels. He and Greens joint leader Annalena Baerbock, who
14


becomes secretary of state, will center on concerns around Russia's military
build-up near the border with Ukraine.
III. WRITING
In some countries, age is considered an indicator of working experience
and efficiency. Senior staff often look down on young people and do not
appreciate their ideas. Sometimes young employees are paid much lower than
the old ones. What do you think about this? (200-250 words)
In some nations, the criteria for evaluating work performance are based
on the age of the workers. Even young people receive a much lower salary
than those who have worked for a long time in the company. There are
compelling reasons to understand why this is so, but personally, I do not
completely agree with the above notion.
On one hand, I agree that older workers should be respected and can
get some preferential policies when working. A typical example can be seen
in Japan, one of the countries with an aging labor market. Those who have
been in the company for a long time will have accumulated experiences from
the lessons of the past that the new young people have not been able to have.
When they have spent a long enough time in the company, they will be the
ones who understand the working environment and have a reasonable way to
deal with the company's style when problems arise. However, not everyone
who is older or worked longer can have these things. In fact, there are people
who have worked for a long time, but they are still not promoted because of
incompetence.
On the other hand, I completely disagree with the view of belittling and
underestimating the ideas and abilities of young workers. Young people may

not have enough experience, but in terms of thinking and creativity, this is a
plus point for them. Especially in today's digital age, young human resources
are extremely necessary for any business. Young employees will quickly
15


access technology and have new solutions to increase productivity. Therefore,
they will be the new breeze bringing new things that the elderly workers do
not have. It can be seen that although Japan has experienced elderly
employees in corporations and businesses, they always recruit a number of
young employees both at home and abroad.
In short, I reckon that in a work environment, performance should not
be judged solely on age. There needs to be a certain fairness between older
employees and young people in order for the working environment to
maximize efficiency.

16