Khóa luận tốt nghiệp văn học ca dao nam bộ về lịch sử

TRU0NG Dfil HOC VO TRCtfNG TOflN
KHOA KHOA HOC CO BAN

KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP
CHUYEN NGANH VAN HOC

CA DAO NAM BO VE LICH SU"

Giang vien hirong dan:

Sinh vien thyc hien:

TRAN VAN NAM

TA HOANG HAI

tffiiHOCVQTR(/0NGTOfiN

Hdu Giang, thdng 06 nam 2012


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sic

LOI CAM TA

De tai khoa luan tot nghiep nay duoc hoan thanh khong chi la nho vao cong sire
ciia ban than, ma do con co sir tan tinh giup do cua quy thay co Truong Dai hoc Vo

Truong Toan va nhat la sir tan tinh truyen dat kien thuc cung nhu nhirng kinh nghiem
cua giao vien huong dan.

Em xin chan thanh gui loi cam on sau s^c den thay Tran Van Nam, giao vien

huong dan da danh nhieu thoi gian truyen dat nhirng kien thuc Ian kinh nghiem quy
bao giup em hoan thanh tot khoa luan.

Em cung xin chan thanh gui loi cam on den quy thay co Khoa khoa hoc co ban

cung cac can bo cua Thu vien Truong Dai hoc Vo Truong Toan, luon quan tarn giup

do, tao moi dieu kien co the de giup em som hoan thanh tot khoa luan nay.

Sinh vien thuc hien

(Ky va ghi ro ho ten)

Ta Hoang Hai

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

]

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

LOI CAM DOAN

Toi xin cam doan rang de tai nay la do chinh toi thuc hien, cac so lieu thu thap
va ket qua phan tich trong de tai la trung thuc, de tai khong trung voi bat cu de tai

nghien cuu khoa hoc nao.

Sinh vien thuc hien

(Ky va ghi ro ho ten)

Ta Hoang Hai

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

PHIEU DANH GIA LUAN VAN TOT NGHIEP

{Giang vien hw&ng dan)

1. GIANG VIEN HU'CJNG DAN:
2. SINH VIEN THUC HIEN:
MSSV:

KHOA:

3. TEN DE TAI:

NHAN XET CUA GlANG VIEN HUOfNG DAN

Danh gia chung qua trinh lam luan van tot nghiep:

1.1. Chuyen can:
1.2. Thai do:
1.3. Khac:

2. Danh gia luan van:

2.1. Dat van de (theo 5 buoc):

2.2. Noi dung chinh:

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

m

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

2.3. Chu thich, thu muc:

2.4. Hinh thuc trinh bay:

2.4.1. Dung lugng (trang):
2.4.2. Khuonkho:
2.4.3. In an:
2.4.4. Trinh bay:
2.4.5. Chinh ta, ngu phap:

3. Danh gia, xep loai:

Danh gia:

Xep loai:

, ngdy
thdng
nam 20
Giang vien huong dan
(Ki va ghi ro ho ten)

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

IV

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sic

TOM TAT KHOA LUAN

De tai nghien cuu nay duoc chung toi tien hanh thuc hien trong ba phan la: phan
mo dau, phan noi dung va phan ket luan.

+ 0 phan mo dau trong luan van, chu yeu noi ve li do chon de tai, muc tieu
nghien cuu, lich su van de. pham vi nghien cuu cung nhu phuong huong va phuong
phap nghien cuu.

+ Ve phan noi dung, day la phan quan trong nhat ma de tai huong den. (3 phan
nay, duoc chung toi tien hanh trong ba chuong:

- Chuong 1: Dua ra cac khai niem, gioi thuyet ve ca dao, ca dao Nam bo va ca
dao Nam bo ve Hch sir.

- Chuong 2: Lam ro ve noi dung va nghe thuat ciia nhirng bai ca dao Nam bo

noi ve lich su. Cu the la ve noi dung ciia nhirng bai ca ay, chung toi tien hanh dao sau

nham tim hieu sir phan anh, d6ng thai dua ra nhung nhan xet, danh gia qua sir phan anh
cua chiing. Ve nghe thuat, chi ra nhirng dac diem nghe thuat tieu bieu nhat co o nhirng
bai ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir.

+ Phan ket luan la phan due ket, he thong lai nhirng van de da duoc tien hanh

nghien cuu. Qua do, dua ra nhung kho khan, tro ngai trong khi nghien cuu va nhirng y
kien, de xuat de cho viec nghien cuu sau nay duoc thuan loi hon.

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

v

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir
MUC LUC

•.,

»

Trang

MO DAU

I

1. Li do chon de tai

i

2. Muc tieu nghien cuu
3. Lich su van de
4. Pham vi nghien cuu
5. Phuong huong va phuong phap nghien cuu

I
2
3
4

CHUONG 1: NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG

5

1.1. Cadao, ca dao Nam bo va ca dao Nam bo ve lich su
1.1.1. Khai niem ca dao, dan ca
1.1.2. Ca dao Nam bo
1.1.3. Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir
1.2. So luge ve lich su Nam bg
CHUONG 2: N0I DUNG LICH SU CUA CA DAO NAM BO

5
5
^
5
5
23

2.1. Cadao Nam bg ve lich sir khai pha vung dat Nam bo

23

'.

2.2. Ca dao Nam bo ve cong cuoc bao ve dat nuoc
2.2.1. Thoi ki chong Phap
2.2.2. Thoi ki chong MT

30
30
41

CHUONG 3: NGHE THUAT TRONG CA DAO NAMB0"\ti LICH SIJ

3.1. The tho trong ca dao Nam bo ve lich su

'.

'

3.1.1. The luc bat
3.1.2. The song that luc bat
3.1.3. The tong hop
3.2. Ket cau trong ca dao Nam bo ve lich su
3.2.1. Dae diem cua ket cau ca dao Nam bo ve lich su
3.2.2. Mot so bien phap ket cau co ban ciia ca dao Nam bo ve lich su
3.2.2.1. Ket cau tuong phan
3.2.2.2. Ket cau trung diep
3.3. Hinh anh, ngon ngu ciia ca dao Nam bo ve lich su
3.3.1. Hinh anh cua ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir
3.3.2. Ngon ngu ciia ca dao Nam bo ve lich su
3.4. Thoi gian va khong gian nghe thuat trong ca dao Nam bo ve lich su
3.4.1. Thoi gian nghe thuat trong ca dao Nam bo ve lich su...
3.4.1.1. Thoi gian tran that
3.4.1.2. Thoi gian dugc tran thuat
3.4.2. Khong gian nghe thuat trong ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir
3.4.2.1. Khong gian vat ly
3.4.2.2. Khong gian tarn ly

KET LUAN
TAl LIEU THAM khAo

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

49

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40
5]

5j
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66
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72
^'^ZZZZZ'Z'^ZZ^ZZ'. 74

V1

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

MODAU
1. Li do chon de tai

Nam bg la vung dat cua nhung con nguoi anh hung, trai qua nhung bien dong
gay go ciia lich sir, co luc phai dung trudc nhirng bo vuc song con cua cac cuoc xam

luge, vay ma vung dat ay van dung hien ngang, sung sung, tham chi no con ngay cang
phat trien. Lam dirge dieu do, tat ca la nho cong sue, xuong mau cua cha ong chung ta
ma nen. Sinh ra va Ion len o vung dat nay, toi lay lam hanh dien va rat doi tu hao.

Ngay tu khi mdi lot long, toi da som tiep thu nhirng bai ca dao qua nhung loi ru
nggt ngao ciia me, moi khi vao giac ngu. Nhirng bai ca ay doi voi toi, no khong chi nhu
la nhung vien thuoc ngii giup toi vao mong dep, ma no con nhu la mon an tinh than voi

phan loi bai ca dao la com, nhirng gigng dieu hat ru nggt ngao ciia me nhu la thit de

nuoi tarn hon toi khon Ion tung ngay. Khi Ion len, den tuoi di hgc, toi vao cap mot, cap
hai, cap ba roi hgc dai hgc, toi cang co nhieu dieu kien de tiep xuc cung nhu co mot so
kien thuc de hieu ca dao hon.

Tu nhirng kien thuc gat hai dugc trong qua trinh hgc tap va trong cuoc song, voi
mong muon co nhung dong gop cho chinh que huong cua minh, toi da manh dang tien
hanh nghien cuu, tim hieu nhirng bai ca dao Nam bo ve lich su. Dl qua do, hieu sau
hon ve nhirng cai hay, cai dep co 6 nhung bai ca nay cung nhu ve dep ve lich su cua
Nam bo dugc ca dao phan anh.

Mat khac, de giup minh hieu sau hon Hch su coi nguon ve vung dat ma minh
sinh song, tranh tinh trang "dan ta khong biet su ta", thi viec tim hieu "Ca dao Nam bo

ve lich su" la rat can thiet doi voi toi va cung nhu can thiet d6i voi tat ca mgi nguoi.
No se la hanh trang quan trgng giup ta vung long khi phai luon duong dau voi cuoc
song day kho khan, thu thach.

2. Muc tieu nghien ciiu

Khi chgn de tai nay, chung toi mong muon va co gang dat dugc nhung muc dich
yeu cau sau:

- Tim hieu ve vung dat Nam bo - noi hinh thanh va truyen luu nhung bai ca dao

noi ve nguon goc hinh thanh, phat trien cung nhung nhan vat, sir kien quan trgng o
Nam bo. De thuc hien muc dich nay, chung toi da tiep can nhung tai lieu co lien quan
ve lich sir, dia li, van hoa - xa hoi o Nam bo.

- Tien hanh lam ro gia tri noi dung va gia tri nghe thuat co ban va tieu bieu nhat
co o ca dao Nam bo ve lich su qua cac phuong phap nghien cuu.

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

'

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

3. Ljch sir van de

Ca dao Nam bg noi chung da co rat nhieu cong trinh nghien cuu voi nhieu de tai

khac nhau. Tuy nhien noi ve de tai "Ca dao Nam bo ve lich su" thi rat it cong trinh noi
den. Khi nghien cuu nhirng cong trinh noi ve Hch su trong ca dao Nam bo ay, chung toi
thay o mot so cong trinh tieu bieu co nhung dieTn nhu sau:

- Khi soan quyen Viet Nam phong su; Nguyen Van Mai da trinh bay trong bai
"Tua" quan diem cua minh ve y nghTa phan anh lich su ciia ca dao dan ca Viet Nam

nhu sau: "Phong la cai gi? La tho o trong ca dao dan toe vay. Su la cai gi? La cai
guong de khen che khuyen trung viec thj phi thien ac vay". "Quoc su" chinh la lich Su

dan toe, o day quan niem ciia Nguyen Van Mai cung nhu cac nha nho truoc do, thuong
cho "Quoc su" la lich sir cua cac nhan vat va cac sir kien quan trgng xay ra trong cac
trieu dai phong kien ma khi ghi chep lai cac nha viet su phong kien thuong nhan manh
y nghTa "khen che khuyen trung viec thi phi thien ac". Nhu vay, noi den sir phan anh
Hch sir dan toe cua ca dao dan ca, theo Nguyen van Mai chu yeu la su phan anh nhirng
nhan vat va nhirng su kien quan trgng trong lich su dan toe. Diing la co nhung bai ca
dao dan ca phan anh Hch su dan toe hieu theo khia canh do. Va Nguyen van Mai da
soan quyen "Viet Nam phong sir" trong muc dich tap hgp nhung cau ca dao phan anh
Hch sir dan toe theo khia canh do. Dua vao mot so phuong phap bien soan co phan chu
quan ma ong da co noi ro trong bai "Tua", Nguyen Van Mai da co gang cac cau ca dao
vao tung thoi ki lich sir, tung sir kien va nhan vat lich su tu thoi kinh Duong Vuong
cho den thoi nha Nguyen.

Trong nhung cau ca dao dugc Nguyen Van Mai giai thich nhu sir phan anh cua

nhung sir kien nhat dinh, thuc ra co nhieu cau chi la do lien tuong xa xoi, khong co co
so chac chan. Sir lien tuong nay thuong xuat phat tu sir tuong ung ngau nhien giua
hinh anh ciia cau ca dao voi mot sir kien lich su nao do. Cho nen, co nhieu cau chi noi

ve sir viec va hien tugng ph6 bien trong doi s6ng thi lai dugc soan gia gan cho mot y
nghTa lich su. Voi phuong phap xac dinh noi dung cua ca dao thieu co so khoa hgc nhu
vay, nguoi ta co the gan ghep cho cung mot cau ca dao voi nhieu noi dung lich su khac
nhau ma khong phan biet noi dau la diing, dau la sai.

- Quyen Van hoc dan gian Viet Nam ciia Dinh Gia Khanh, Chu Xuan Dien va
Vo Quang Nhon, co de cap den van de ca dao ljch su, giai thich ro the nao la mot bai
ca dao co noi dung lich sir dung nghTa. Tren co so do, cong trinh da tien hanh cac hoat

dong phan tich, tong hop de giup cho nguoi dgc thay dugc nhung gia tri ma ca dao ve
Hch sir phan anh. Tuy nhien, viec dao sau vao nhirng bai ca dao ay con nhieu han che.

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

2

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

Va mot trong nhung han che Ion cua quyen Van hoc dan gian Viet Nam la, cong trinh
chi noi chung chung ve ca dao Viet Nam co noi dung phan anh lich su, ma chua noi ro
den ca dao Nam bo.

- Den nam 1984, quyen Ca dao dan ca Nam bo dugc xuat ban, do Bao Djnh

Giang, Nguyen Tan Phat, Tran Tan VTnh va Bui Manh Nhj bien soan. Cong trinh tiep
tuc dao sau them ve viec phan anh Hch su ca ca dao Nam bo, tien hanh lam ro nhirng
khia canh ve Hch su trong nhirng bai ca dao Nam bo. Nhung that dang tiec, cong trinh
chi dung lai a thoi ki hinh thanh va thoi ki chong phap, con thoi ki chong MT cuu nuoc
ciia ca dao Nam bo, ta chua thay cong trinh de cap den.
Thay dugc nhung uu diem va nhung han che cua cac cong trinh tren, o de tai

"Ca dao Nam bo ve Hch su" nay, chung toi tiep tuc tien hanh nghien cuu ve noi dung

cung nhu nghe thuat trong ca dao Nam bo ve Hch su voi hi vgng se khac phuc dugc
nhung nhugc diem ma cac cong trinh tren mac phai, cho ra doi mot cong trinh nghien
cuu hoan chinh, dam bao tinh khoa hgc d£ phuc vu cho viec nghien cuu cua cac cong
trinh co noi dung lien quan sau nay.
4. Pham vi nghien cuu

- Giai han doi tugng nghien cuu: ddi tugng ngien cuu ciia luan van la nhung bai
ca dao dugc suu tarn a vung dat Nam bo va co noi dung noi ve lich sir Nam bo (chu
yeu trong quyen Ca dao dan ca Nam bo ciia Bao Dinh Giang, Nguyen Tan Phat, Tran

Tan VTnh va Bui Manh Nhj, Nxb Tp.HCM, 1984. Ngoai ra, chiing toi con su dung mot
so quyen noi ve ca dao Nam bo, dugc suu tarn o cac tinh Nam bg nhu Van hoc dan

gian Chdu Doc, Van hoc dan gian Bac Lieu, Van hoc dan gian Tien Giang). Ben canh
do, a bai viet nay, trong viec nghien cuu nhirng bai ca dao Nam bo noi true tiep noi ve
Hch su (nhin vao ca dao ta biet ro dugc do la thoi ki, giai doan nao), chiing toi con su

dung them mot so bai ca dao thuoc nhirng de tai khac nhung co noi dung gian tiep noi
len Hch sir (gop phan phan anh thoi ki, giai doan) nham de ho trg, lam ro van de ma ca
dao Nam bg ve lich su true tiep noi den, dong thoi de dam bao tinh khoa hgc.

- Giai han pham vi van de: Trong pham vi nghien cuu ciia de tai, chiing toi tien
hanh khao sat nhirng bai ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir. Nhirng bai ca nay dugc ra doi, luu
truyen va ton tai gan lien voi cac nhan vat, sir kien xay ra trong hoan canh khong gian,
thai gian cu the. Tren co so do, chiing toi di sau vao nhirng noi dung va nghe thuat dac
sac. tieu bieu co a cac bai ca dao Nam bo ve Hch sir - do la nhiem vu trgng tarn ciia de
tai.

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

J

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

5. Phuong huong va phirong phap nghien cthi
Khi thuc hien de tai nay, chiing toi sir dung cac phuong phap nghien cuu chii
yeu sau:

- Phuong phap thong ke: Chiing toi tien hanh tim kiem cac tai lieu co lien quan
den de tai dang nghien cuu. Sau do tien hanh khao sat, thong ke ve tan so xuat hien cua

doi tugng phan anh, the tho, kieu ket cau, hinh anh trong ca dao. De tu do tim ra nhirng
hien tugng lap di lap lai, co tinh he thong, nham rut ra cac dac diem n6i bat trong ca
dao nghien cuu nay.

- Phuong phap so sanh: Nghien cuu, tim hieu ca dao Nam bo ve Hch su, chiing
toi dat chung vao boi canh lich su chung ciia ca dao Viet Nam va ca dao Nam bo hay
boi canh Hch su a thai ki nay voi thai ki khac de tim ra nhung quy luat khach quan dan
den nhirng diem tuong dong va di biet trong ca dao Nam bo ve lich su.

- Phuong phap phan tich: Trong qua trinh nghien cuu, phuong phap phan tich da
giiip cho viec nghien cuu di sau hon ve cac nguyen nhan van de, dk tu do thay ro noi
dung, cai hay cua nghe thuat trong cac bai ca.

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

4

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

CHUONG1

NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG

1.1. CA DAO, CA DAO NAM BO VA CA DAO NAM BO VE L|CH SU
1.1.1. Khai niem ca dao, dan ca

"Ca dao" va "dan ca" la hai thuat ngu dugc gioi nghien cuu van hgc va am nhac

dung song hanh voi nhau. Song noi dung cua hai thuat ngu, hai khai niem nay (nhat la
thuat ngu ca dao) thi lai dugc xac dinh la khong hoan toan giong nhau. Tuy theo each
hieu, tuy theo quan diem ciia mgi nguoi ma noi dung cua hai thuat ngu nay dugc trinh
bay tuy theo net nghTa nay hay net nghTa khac.

Ve khai niem dan ca, each hieu tuong doi thong nhat. Noi mot each ngan ggn va
don gian, dan ca la nhung bai hat do quan chiing nhan dan sang tac, dien xuong va luu
truyen. 0 dan ca, yeu to van hgc (loi ca) va am dieu (Ian dieu) cung thi thuc dien
xuong gan bo voi nhau trong mot chinh the thong nhat. Co loai dan ca luu hanh chu
yeu trong mot vung, mot mien va co quan he mat thiet voi sinh hoat van hoa - tinh than

cua vung dat da san sinh ra no (chang han dan ca Quan hg Bac Ninh, hat dam Nghe
TTnh. ho Dong Thap...), co loai dan ca dugc luu hanh va pho bien rgng rai 6 nhieu noi.
Khai niem ca dao (truoc kia ggi la phong dao) cung co nhieu quan niem khac
nhau. Theo Duong Quang Ham: "Ca dao (ca: hat, dao: bai hat khong co chuong khuc)

la nhung bai hat ngan luu hanh trong dan gian, thuong ta tinh tinh, phong tuc cua nguoi
binh dan". Nhu vay theo each hieu nay thi ca dao va dan ca dong nghTa voi nhau,
chiing khong co ranh gioi phan biet. Phai chang tu khi moi khoi sinh the loai, cac tac

gia dan gian chi dung ca dao de hat nen thuat ngu ca dao moi dugc xac dinh la "nhung
bai hat ngan".

Thuat ngu ca dao dugc su dung rgng rai o nude ta tu dau the ki XX. Nhung viec
xac dinh noi ham ciia no o cac nha nghien cuu, suu tarn, bien soan sach van hoc dan
gian nhung thap nien sau nay lai them noi dung moi, each hi6u moi.

Ngoai y kien dong nhat ca dao voi dan ca, hoac dung luon ca thuat ngu kep "ca
dao dan ca", con co hai huong y kien sau day:
- Ca dao co truyen chinh la phan loi ciia dan ca.

- Ca dao khong phai la toan bo phan ngon ngu cua cac bai hat dan gian, ma la
nhung cau mang tinh chat tru tinh dam da nhat va sang tac theo mot phong each rieng.
Neu xet kT tu hai huong y kien tren ta thay hoac phiem dien, chua day dii, hoac
co cho con mo ho, thieu tinh xac djnh. Khai niem ca dao can phai dugc hieu mot each
trgn ven hon, cu the hon.

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

*

svm T? Hokag m-


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sic

Vao thoi xa xua, de phuc vu cho sinh hoat van nghe, cac van nghe sT dan gian da
sang tac ra cac bai hat ngan da hat. Nhirng bai hat do gom hai phan: loi ca va Ian dieu.

Dan dan theo thoi gian nhirng bai hat ay ngay cang phat trien manh lam cho loi bai hat
ciia no da tro thanh the tho. Cac the he tiep theo, dua vao phong each, cau tao ciia thi

tho nay ma da dat them nhung loi ca moi, hoac de hat theo Ian dieu co san va nhirng
Ian dieu moi sang tac, hoac la de ngam, dk dgc. Mot so tac pham ciia mot so nha tho,

nha van do sir dung phong each sang tac dan gian nen cung da di vao doi song dan gian
va cung tro thanh ca dao. Do do, khai niem ca dao cung da mang mot noi dung moi
khong dong nhat voi dan ca nua.

Nhu vay: Ca dao la mot the loai cua van hoc dan gian, duoc tac gia dan gian
sang tac va phat trien tren ca so cua nghe thuat ngon tu: No Id phan lai 6n dinh co
phong each dugc rut ra tic dan ca.
1.1.2. Ca dao Nam bo

Gioi thuyet: Ca dao Nam bo la ca dao dugc hinh thanh va phat triin a vung dat
Nam bo tren ca sophan anh nhung sir vat, su kien, con nguoi a noi nay va no mang
dau an rieng co a Nam bo.

1.1.3. Ca dao Nam bo ve ljch sir

Ca dao Hch su la nhung cau va nhirng bai ca ngan lay de tai tu nhung sir kien
Hch sir. Nhung bien co Hch sir dugc ghi lai trong ca dao lich su la nhung bien c6 it
nhieu co anh huong den doi song nhan dan duong thoi. Mac du chua xac djnh dugc ro
rang cau nao la dugc sang tac trong bien co lich su dang xay ra, cau nao la dugc sang
tac sau khi bien co da xay ra hay xay ra da lau, nhung noi dung cua ca dao lich su noi
chung da phan anh dugc nhung sir kien ciia lich su dan toe.

Ca dao Nam Bo ve lich sir do la cac cau ca dao con giu lai dugc nhung danh tu
rieng chi ten nguoi, ten dat, ten trieu dai, hay nhung bai ca phan anh nhung dac diem
rieng biet co the nhan ra ngay dugc ciia mot giai doan lich sir nhat dinh nao do.
Tu nhung tieu chi do co the hieu ca dao Nam bo ve Hch su nhu sau:

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sic la mot khia canh ciia ca dao Nam bo, chuyen phan
anh nhung con nguoi, nhung bien co, su kien lich sir xay ra a Nam bo.
1.2. SO LUOC VE LICH SU NAM BO

0 phan so luge ve lich sir Nam bg nay dugc chiing toi nghien cuu, tim hieu chii
yeu trong hai cong trinh chinh la quyen Viet Nam su luge cua Tran Trgng Kim do nha
xuat ban Thoi dai xuat ban nam 2010 va quyen Sach giao khoa Ljch su - lop 9 ciia
Phan Nggc Lien (chii bien) do nha xuat ban Giao due Viet Nam xuat ban nam 2011. Tu

nhung nguon tai lieu tren, chiing toi tien hanh torn tac nhirng sir kien quan trgng nhat

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

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SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

va trinh bay ngan ggn lai, de khi nhin vao, mgi nguoi co the de dang nam ro Hch su
Nam bo cung nhu nam ro nhung van de se dugc trinh bay d cac phan sau.
Nhu chiing ta biet. Nam bo ngay nay la mot trong ba vung chinh cua lanh tho
Viet Nam (gom Bac bo, Trung bo va Nam bo), la khu vuc co vj tri nam 6 phia Nam

ciia to quoc, phia Tay giap voi vinh Thai Lan, phia Dong va Dong Nam bo giap bien
Dong, phia Bac va Tay Bac giap Campuchia va mot phan phia Tay Bac giap Nam
Trung bo. Voi dja hinh toan vung kha bang phang, khi hau quanh nam co hai mua kho

va mua mua la chii yeu (mua mua tu thang 5 den thang 11, mua kho tu thang 12 den

thang 4) cong voi he thong song ngoi day dac (co hai he thong song Ion nhat trong
vung la song Dong Nai va song Ciiu Long) da giup cho Nam bo co nhieu thuan lgi
trong nhieu lTnh vuc. Nhat la ve lmh vuc nong nghiep ma dang chu y hon ca la viec
trong liia nude. Tu do ma vung dat moi nay da tung buoc khang dinh ve vi the va vai
tro ciia minh tren nhieu mat: kinh te, khoa hgc - kT thuat, giao due, y te cho den van
hoa.

The nhung, vung dat Nam bo giau dep ngay nay truoc day la vung dat hoang so
chim trong sinh lay, rung ram hang ngan nam sau khi de quoc Phu Nam tan ra vao the

ki VI do nhieu bien dong tu nhien. Nhieu the ki troi qua, vung dat nay van ngu yen ma
khong chut khoi sac. Nguyen nhan la do nguoi ban dia (chii yeu la nguoi Cham va
nguoi Khmer) o day qua thua that, lai lac hau ve khoa hgc kT thuat. Mai den dau the ki

XVII, cu dan Viet tu Dang Trong, mien Trung roi den mien Bac vao noi day lap
nghiep ngay mot dong. Tu the ki XVII, chua Nguyen - nguoi bao ho qua trinh khai pha
va thiet lap chii quyen o Nam bo da to chuc cac don vj hanh chinh, sap dat cac quan cai
tri, lap so sach quan li dan dinh, ruong dat va dinh ra cac loai thue. Chua Nguyen con
mo dan tu nhieu noi ve sinh song. Trong do chiia Nguyen tiep nhan mot doan nguoi
Hoa den quy thuan, cho hg den khai pha va dinh cu (chu yeu la nhung trung than cua
nha Minh, am muu chong lai nha Thanh nhu Mac Cuu, Duong Ngan Dich, Tran
Thuong Xuyen...). Nhu vay. khoang mot the ki troi qua thi Nam bo buoc dau dugc
djnh hinh, voi nhung dang ve gan giong nhu ngay horn nay.

Tu cac dan toe, cac lop nguoi khac nhau den day chung song, mgi nguoi da
doan ket bat tay xay dung Nam bo. Tu do ma da dien ra qua trinh giao luu van hoa
vung mien mang nhung net dac thu va nhirng dien mao moi doi voi cac vung van hoa
khac 6* Viet Nam.

Nam 1698, Phii Gia Djnh (tuc Nam bo ngay nay) dugc thanh lap gom hai dinh
Tran Bien (Bien Hoa) va Phien Tran (Gia Dinh). Nam 1802, Trieu Nguyen (vua Gia

Long) dugc thanh lap, tiep tuc cac sir nghiep ciia cac chua Nguyen; hoan thien he thong

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

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SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

hanh chinh va thong nhat quan li toan ven lanh tho. Nam 1836, vua Minh Mang cho lap
so dja ba toan bo luc tinh Nam Ki. Dudi thoi vua Minh Mang nam 1832, vung dat Nam
bo dugc chia thanh sau tinh nen cd ten la Nam ki luc tinh (Hay Luc tinh Nam ki) gom:
Phien An (nam 1836 ddi thanh Gia Dinh), Bien Hoa, Dinh Tuong, VTnh long, An
Giang, Ha Tien. Va Nam bo buoc dau dugc xay dung cac he thong don luy tran thu
dgc bien gioi de bao ve chii quyen quoc gia tren vung dat Nam bo.
Tu nam Tu Due thu 4 (1851), ddi song nhan dan het sue kho khan. Trong khi
do, mot so nha thuong gia va cac giao sT tu cac nude phuong Tay den Viet Nam de

giao luu buon ban, truyen giao. Tuy nhien, do khu khu giu lay nhirng thoi cu, khong
biet theo thdi ma md cua cho hg vao buon ban de phat trien dat nude, khai hoa dan tri,

giiip cho nhan dan song am no. tien bo, vua va cac quan lai da cam doan khong cho cac
tau thuong gia nude ngoai cap ben, bat toi nhirng nguoi di giang dao va nhung nguoi
theo dao, dua ra nhung to du cam dao. Bdi nhirng loi lam ay da lam cai cd cho nude
Phap dung binh lire de danh chiem nude ta.

Theo Viet Nam sic luge ciia Tran Trgng Kim, thang 7 nam Mau Ngg (1858) la
nam Tu Due thu 11, trung tudng hai quan nude Phap la Rigault de Genouilli da man

lenh Phap hoang dem tau Phap va tau I-pha-nho (Tay Ban Nha) ca thay 14 chiec, cho

hon 3.000 quan cua hai nude (Phap va Tay Ban Nha) vao cua Da Nang, ban pha cac
don luy, roi len ha thanh An Hai va thanh Ton Hai.

Khi hay tin Phap danh chiem Da NEng, Trieu dinh lien sai quan Hun quan Le
Dinh Li lam tong doc dem 2.000 cam binh vao an ngu. Sau cuoc chien khoc Het d xa
Cam Le. Le Dinh Li bj thuong nang roi mat. Trieu dinh tiep tuc sai quan Kinh luge su

la Nguyen Tri Phuong vao lam Tong d6c, ong Chu Phuc Minh lam De doc cung vdi
ong Dao Tri chong giu vdi quan Phap va quan I-pha-nho. Nguyen Tri Phuong cho
quan lap don dien Lien Tri va cho dap IQy dai tir Hai Chau cho den Phuc Ninh, roi chia

quan ra phong giu. Sau khi chiem Da Nang xong, djnh tien len danh Hul nhung thay
quan linh nude ta canh giu nghiem ngat, lai khong thong thuoc duong sa, cho nen ben
phia Phap khong dam tien cong len Hue ma quay lai danh chiem Gia Dinh - mot noi tru
phii ciia nude Nam.

Den thang gieng nam Ki Mui (1859) la nam Tu Due thu 12, trung tudng Rigault
de Genouilli cho mot so tudng sT d lai giu cac don dien tai Da NEng, con bao nhieu
binh thuyen dem vao Nam Ki. Den cua Can Gid, hEn cho linh bEn pha cac phao dai d
hai ben bo song Dong Nai, roi tien len danh thanh Gia Dinh.

O Gia Dinh, do viec binh tran it dugc tap luyen, cho nen khi quan Phap danh
den ciia Can Gid, binh sT chong tra rat yeu dt. Thay tinh the bat lgi, quan Hg doc la Vu

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

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SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sic

Duy Ninh voi vang tim binh ve cuu vien nhung cung chEng chdng cu noi. Dugc hai
ngay thi thanh vo. Vu Duy Ninh tu tu. Quan phap va quan I-pha-nho chiem thanh, thu
dugc nhieu vu khi, luong thuc...

Sau chien thang d Gia Djnh, quan Phap tro ra Da NEng, danh don Phuc Ninh.
Quan phia Nguyen Tri Phuong phai lui ve giu don Nai Hien va don Lien Tri de tran

thu. Trudc tinh the chien thEng, tudng Phap la Rigault de Genouilli muon giang hoa (vi
nhieu nguyen nhan, trong do mot nguyen nhan quan trgng la quan Phap d Da NEng
khong quen khi hau noi day) nhung trieu dinh cu day dua, nguoi thi ban danh, nguoi
thi ban hoa, thanh ra viec giang hoa khong xong.

Den thang mudi nam Ki Mui (1859), thieu tudng hai quan Phap la Page (Ba du) den Nam bo, cho nguoi dua thu ban viec hoa, chi cot xin dung cam dao, de cho cac
giao sT dugc tu do giang dao, dat lanh sir coi viec buon ban d cac cua be va dat su than

d Hue. Nhung trieu dinh luc bay gid khong ai hieu chinh sach ngoai giao. Cho nen tiep
tuc lam mat di dip hay cho ca hai nude.

Khi quan Phap va quan I-pha-nho sang danh nude ta d Da NEng va d Gia Dinh.

Thi quan nude Anh va quan nude Phap dang danh nude Tau d man Hoang Hai. De
dam bao lire lugng cho cuoc chien, chinh phu Phap truyen lenh rut quan d Da NEng ve,
va chi de quan giu lay Gia Dinh, con bao nhieu thi dem sang danh nude Tau. Cho nen

quan Phap va quan I-pha-nho d Sai Gdn luc bay gid chi cd khoang 1.000 nguoi ma
quan ciia Viet Nam thi cd den hon mot van nguoi. Tuy nhien ve kT thuat quan sir cung

nhu vu khi ciia quan ta khong the nao djch n6i. Thay dugc dieu do Nguyen Tri Phuong
cung quan Tham tan dai thEn Pham The Hien cho xay dEp don Ki Hoa (nguoi Phap ggi
don ay la don Chi Hoa)..

Den thang 9 nam Nham Than (1860), nha Thanh ben Tau ki Hoa udc vdi nude

Anh va nude Phap bai bd chien sir. Hoa udc do da giup Phap doc toan lire lugng danh
chiem Nam Ki. Thang gieng nam Tan Dau (1861), trung tudng Charner dem ca thay 70
chiec tau va 3.500 quan bo keo den Gia Dinh, danh don Ki Hoa. Hai ben danh nhau rat

du doi trong hai ngay. Do vu khi cua dich qua manh, quan ta danh nit ve don Bien
Hoa. Ket qua tran chien, quan Phap chet hon 300 nguoi, thieu tudng luc quan Vasoigne

ciia Phap, dai ta cua quan I-pha-nho deu bj thuong. Phia ta, Nguyen Tri Phuong bj
thuong, Nguyen Duy (em trai ciia Nguyen Tri Phuong) tu tran, quan Tham tan Pham
The Hien bj thuong ve tdi Bien Hoa khong dugc bao lau thi mat.

Pha dugc don Ki Hoa roi, quan Phap tien hanh chiem lay Thu Dau Mot va Tay
Ninh. Bay gid bai quan ciia Nguyen Tri Phuong rut ve dong d Bien Hoa. Thay vay,
quan Phap ben quay ve phia Tay danh tinh Djnh Tudng. Mot mat quan Phap dem tau di

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

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SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

duong song, tien len danh cac don, mot mat thi cho quan di duong bien, theo cua song
Me Kong danh vao, hai mat cung tien len danh lay MT Tho. Quan Ho doc la Nguyen
Cong Nhan phai bd thanh chay.

Tu khi ha thanh MT Tho roi, quan Phap dat ddn luy vao nhirng noi hiem yeu,

trien khai dan ap cac phong trao n6i day dau tranh cua nghTa quan Tri huyen Toai, phd
Quan co Truong Djnh, Thien Ho Duong va chiing cd y djnh hoan binh de sua sang
viec cai trj trong hat dja da lay dugc.

Thang 10 nam Tan Dau (1861), chinh phii Phap sai thieu tudng hai quan Bonard
sang thay cho trung tudng Charner ve nghi. Thieu tudng Bonard thay quan quan ta
chong giu mai, ben quyet djnh lay tinh Bien Hoa va tinh VTnh Long. Den thang 11 nam
ay, quan Phap chia lam bang 3 dao, cung tien len danh chiem thanh Bien Hoa, roi tien

len mat Dong Nam danh lay don Ba Rja. Thang 3 nam Nham Tuat (1862), quan Phap
dem 11 chiec tau va hon 1.000 quan di danh VTnh Long. Sau hai ngay thi thanh VTnh
Long bj pha. Tong doc Truong Van Uyen phai dem quan lui ve phia Tay song Me
Kong.

Luc bay gid d ngoai BEc ki cd nhieu ten giac cd gay roi, ma trong Nam ki quan
Phap cu danh chiem mai, trieu dinh lay lam lo so, ben sai Phan Thanh Gian va Lam
Duy Tiep vao Gia Djnh giang hoa.

Den thang 4 thi su than nude ta theo chiec tau Forbin vao Sai Gdn. Den ngay 9
thang 5 thi thieu tudng Bonard va su* than nude Nam ta la Phan Thanh Gian va Lam

Duy Tiep ki to hoa udc. To hoa udc ay cd 12 khoan. Trong do cd nhung khoan quan
trong sau:

kil. Nude Nam phai de cho giao sT nude Phap va nude I-pha-nho dugc tu* do vao giang
dao va de nguoi dan tu do theo dao.

2. Nude Nam phai nhudng dirt cho nude Phap tinh bien Hoa, tinh Gia Djnh va tinh

Djnh Tudng, va phai de cho chien thuyen cua Phap dugc ra vao tu* do d song Me
Kong.

3. Nude Nam khong dugc dem binh khi, thudc dan di qua nhung tinh da nhudng cho
Nude Phap.

4. He nude Nam cd giao thiep vdi nude nao khac thi phai cho chinh phu Phap biet, va
khi nao muon nhudng dat cho nude nao thi phai tuy y nude Phap cd thuan cho moi
dugc.

5. Nguoi nude Phap va nude I-pha-nho dugc ra vao buon ban tu do d cua Da NEng,
cua Ba Lat va cua be d Quang Yen.

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

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SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

6. Nude Nam phai tra tien binh phi 4.000.000 nguyen cho Phap, chia lam mudi nam.
Moi nam 40 van nguyen.

7. Nude Phap tra tinh VTnh Long lai cho Nude Nam, nhung quan Phap cu dong d tinh
lj cho den khi dep yen giac gia d tinh Gia Dinh va tinh Djnh Tudng mdi rut ve."[5,
tr.448]

Sau khi hoa giang xong, trieu dinh sai ong Phan Thanh Gian lam Tong doc tinh

VTnh Long, ong Lam Duy Tiep lam tuan phii Khanh Thuan, de giao thiep vdi cac quan
nude Phap d Gia Djnh.

Bay gid nude I-pha-nho truyen lenh rut quan, nhudng quyen lay dat lam thuoc

dja cho nude Phap, chi nhan tien binh phi va quyen dugc cho cac giao sT di giang dao
ma thoi.

Thang 2 nam Qui Hgi (1863) la nam Tu Due thu 16, thieu tudng Bonard va dai
ta nude I-pha-nho la Palanca vao Hue trieu yet kien vua Due Tong de cong nhan sir

giang hoa ciia ba nude. Tuy the bat dEc dT phai nhudng ba tinh Nam Ki cho nude Phap,
nhung luc nao vua Due Tong van muon co het sue dk chuoc lai, vi dat Gia Djnh la dat
khai nghiep cua nha Nguyen va lai la dat que ngoai cua ngai, nen hoa udc da ki roi ma

ngai van sai quan thuong nghj vdi quan nude Phap ve viec chuoc lai dat. Ma chii y
nguoi nude Phap luc bay gid thi khong chi giu lay ba tinh Nam ki ma con djnh md
rong them dien tich chiem lmh nua. Thay viec nay ban khong xong, ben sai quan hiep
bien dai hgc sT Phan Thanh Gian, quan ta tham tri Lai bg Pham Phu Thu va quan an sat
su tinh Quang Nam la Nguy KhEc Dan dem pham vat sang su nude Phap va nude Ipha-nho. Con viec giao thiep d trong Nam ki thi giao lai cho quan tong doc tinh VTnh
Long la Truong Van Uyen.

Trudc viec tau bay muon chuoc lai dat cua su than Nude Nam, chinh phu Phap
liic bay gid lay lam phan van, chua quyet hEn lay hay la tra dat Nam ki, ma Phap hoang
thi ngai duong sa xa xdi, ben sai trung ta hai quan Aubaret (Ha ba li) sang dieu dinh
vdi trieu dinh d Hue ve viec cho chuoc lai ba tinh Nam ki.

Vua Due Tong lai sai quan Lai bo thugng thu la ong Phan Thanh Gian ra sung
chiic toan quyen cung vdi Tran Tiln Thanh va Phan Huy Vjnh de thuong nghj vdi su
than nude Phap. Ong Aubaret dua ban thao to hoa udc vdi noi dung chinh la: Nude
Phap tra lai ba tinh Gia Dinh, Bien Hoa va Djnh Tudng cho nude Nam, chi giu Sai
Gdn, MT Tho va Thii Dau Mot de dong quan. Nhung nude Nam phai de nude Phap
dugc quyen bao hg ca sau tinh Nam ki, Nude Nam lai phai chju moi nam la 2.000.000
nguyen tien thue.

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

L^fiLnOCVO TROONCj TOfiN

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

Su than cua hai nude cu ban di ban mai van khong xong, ma d ben Phap thi cd
nhieu nguoi khong muon tra lai dat Nam ki. Cuoi nam Giap Ti (1864) bo truong bo
Hai quan la hau tudc Dechasseloup Laubat dang so tau vdi Phap hoang nhat djnh
khong cho nude Nam chuoc lai ba tinh. Phap hoang nghe loi ay ben xuong chi truyen
cu chieu to hoa udc nam Nham Tuat (1862) ma thi hanh.

Nam At Suu (1865) bo trudng Dechasseloup Laubat trieu tap thieu tudng De la
Grandiere dang dNam ki ve nude, cot la muon biet ro tinh the ben Viet Nam luc nay ra
sao. Khi hay viec cai trj d ba tinh Nam ki cua Phap da thanh nep roi, Chinh phu Phap
quyet y lay not ba tinh phia Tay Nam ki, sura soan binh linh chuEn bj tien cong lay tinh
VTnh Long, tinh An Giang va tinh Ha Tien.

0 Hue, tuy trieu dinh biet ro tham vong ciia Phap, nhung cu mong chuoc lai dat
ba tinh phia Tay, cho nen nam Binh Dan (1866) lai sai ong Phan Thanh Gian vao lam
kinh luge su den tim ke chong giu.

Thang 6 nam Dinh Mao (1867) la nam Tu Due thu 20, quan Phap trieu tap hon
1.000 quan d MT Tho, roi djnh ngay keo sang lay VTnh Long, An Giang va Ha Tien.
Phan Thanh Gian biet the khong chong noi, bao cac quan danh chju nop thanh tri cho
khoi sir tai hai, roi ong uong thuoc doc tu tu.

Tu do trd di, dat Nam ki trd thanh thuoc dja cua Phap, thue ma, luat le, dieu gi
cung do siiy phu Sai Gdn quyet djnh ca.

Sau khi chien tranh the gioi thu nhat ket thuc (1914 - 1918), quan Phap tuy
thang tran, nhung ne kinh te nude nay bj tan pha nang ne. Trong khi do tu ban doc
quyen Phap vua tang cudng bde lot nhan dan lao dong trong nude, vua dEy manh khai

thac thuoc dja de bu dap nhirng thiet hai do chien tranh gay ra. Lam cho ddi song cac
nude thuoc dja vd cung khd khan, trong do cd Viet Nam.

0 Nam bo, Phap tang cudng dau tu vao cac lmh vuc ndng nghiep (chii yeu la
don dien cao su), cong nghiep (mo nha may sgi Nam Djnh, nha may rugu Nam Djnh,
nha may xay xat gao Chg Ldn...) va khai thac khoang san (chii yeu la md than). Day la
nhung ITnh vuc cung cap nhung mat hang ma nude Phap va the gioi cd nhu cau ldn.

Chinh sach khai thac thuoc dja ciia Phap van khong thay doi: han che cong
nghiep phat trien, dac biet la cong nghiep nang; tang cudng thu doan bde lot, va vet
tien ciia ciia nhan dan ta bang each danh thue nang (thue ruong, thue dat, the than, thue
rugu. thue mudi...).

Tu sau chien tranh the gidi thu nhat, chinh sach boc lot cua bgn thuc dan Phap d
Viet Nam noi chung va d Nam bo noi rieng ngay cang da man, cho nen cac phong trao
dan toe, dan chii d Nam bo phat trien manh me, thu hut dugc nhieu tang lop tham gia
GVHD: Tran Van Nam

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SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

vdi nhieu hinh thuc phong phu va sdi ndi, nhat la d Sai Gdn. Giai cap tu san dan toe

nhan da lam an thuan lai sau chien tranh, ho da phat dong cac phong trao chan hung
noi hoa, bay tru ngoai hoa (1919), dau tranh chong doc quyen cang Sai Gdn va doc

quyen xuat khau liia gao Nam ki cua tu ban Phap (1923). Giai cap tu san con dung ca
bao chi de benh vuc quyen lai cho minh. Mot so tu san va dja chu ldn d Nam ki (dai

bieu la Bui Quang Chieu, Nguyen Phan Long...) con thanh lap ra Dang lap hien de tap
hgp lire lugng, dua ra mot so khEu hieu ddi tu do, dan chii de tranh thu sir ung ho ciia
quan chung nhan dan gay ap luc vdi thuc dan Phap.

Nam 1920, d Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn, Ton Due ThEng (ngudi thg may tung tham gia
vu binh bien tren tau Phap d Bien Den de phan doi de quoc Phap can thiep vao nude
Nga X6 viet) da bi mat thanh lap Cong hoi.

Tu cuoc dau tranh ciia cong nhan vien chuc cac so cong thuong ciia tu ban Phap
d Bac ki, da dan den nhieu cuoc bai cong ciia cac cong nhan nha may det, nha may
rugu, nha may xay xat gao d Nam Djnh. Quan trgng han la cuoc bai cong ciia thg may
xirdng Ba Son (xudng sua chua va dong tau cho hai quan Phap) d cang Sai Gdn vdi
muc dich ngan can tau chien Phap chd linh sang tham gia dan ap phong trao dau tranh
each mang cua nhan dan va thiiy thu Trung Quoc (8 - 1925).
Cuoc bai cong ciia thg may Ba Son thEng lai, da danh dau mot budc tien mdi

cua phong trao cong nhan Viet Nam - giai cap cong nhan nude ta tu day budc dau di
vao dau tranh cd to chuc va co muc dich chinh trj ro rang.

Trong hai nam 1926 - 1927, lien tiep bung no nhieu cuoc bai cong ciia cong
nhan, vien chuc, hoc sinh hgc nghe. Ldn nhat la cuoc bai cong ciia cong nhan nha may
sai Nam Djnh, cong nhan hai don dien cao su Cam Tien (nay thuoc Dong Nai), Phu
Rieng (nay thuoc tinh Binh Phudc), nha may Ba Son.

Tu nam 1928 den dau nam 1929, phong trao dan toe va dan chii theo con duong
each mang vd san d nude ta dang tren da phat trien manh. Trudc tinh hinh do, can phai
cd mot dang cong san de to chire va lanh dao nhan dan, giai cap cong nhan, giai cap
ndng dan cung cac luc lugng yeu nude va each mang khac de dau tranh chong de quoc
va phong kien tay sai, gianh doc tu do.

Tai dai hoi Ian thu nhat cua Hoi Viet Nam Cach mang Thanh nien (5 - 1929),
khi kien nghj thanh lap Dang Cong san khong dugc chap nhan, doan dai bieu BEc ki bd

ve va quyet djnh thanh lap Dong Duong Cong san dang (6 - 1929). Tiep do d Nam ki
cung quyet djnh thanh lap An Nam Cong san dang (8 - 1929). 6 Trung ki, cac dang
vien tien tien ciia Dang Tan Viet, tu lau chju tac dong cua Hoi Viet Nam Cach mang
Thanh nien, da quyet djnh li khai de thanh lap Dong Duong Cong san lien doan (9 GVHD:Tran Van Nam

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SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

1929). Sir ra ddi ciia to chuc An Nam Cong san dang da gdp phan lam cho cac phong
trao dau tranh d Nam ki cang them manh me hon. Cac phong trao cong nhan ket hop
chat che voi ndng dan chong suu cao thue nang, chong cudp rudng dEt, phong trao bai
khoa ciia hgc sinh, bai thj ciia tieu thuong...da tao thanh mot Ian song dau tranh d Nam
ki.

Tuy nhien, do sir hoat dong rieng le ciia cac to chuc Dang, nen cac phong trao

dau tranh chua tao thanh mot khoi ldn de chien thEng ke thu. Ngoai ra, sir hoat dong
rieng le ay con cd the dan den nguy co chia re ldn. Thay ro dieu do, Nguyen Ai Quoc
vdi tu each la phai vien ciia Quoc te cong san da tien hanh hgp hgi nghj thong nhat ba
to chuc cong san, thanh lap mot chinh dang duy nhat. Cac to chuc cong san Ian lugt
nhat tri tan thanh viec thong nhat cac dang va lay ten Dang Cong san Viet Nam (3 - 2 1930). Sau dd ddi thanh Dang Cong san Dong Duong (10-1930).
Trong khi do, cuoc khiing hoang kinh te the gidi (1929 - 1933) tu cac nude tu
ban da lang sang cac nude thuoc dja va phu thuoc cua thuc dan Phap. Von hoan toan

phu thuoc vao thuc dan Phap. Nen kinh te Viet Nam phai chju nhung hau qua nang ne
cua cuoc khiing hoang: ndng nghiep va cong nghiep dieu bj suy sup, xuat nhap khau bj
dinh don, hang hda khan hiem, gia ca dEt do.

Nhan dan lao dong Nam ki - dac biet la ndng dan va cong nhan, phai ganh chju
nhieu tac hai nhat. Cong nhan khong cd viec lam, nguoi that nghiep ngay mot dong,
ngudi di lam thi tien luong giam. Nhan dan bj ban cung hda va bj pha san tren pham vi
ldn. Cac tang lap tieu tu san thanh thj bj dieu dung; cac nghe thu cong bj sa siit nang
ne. nha buon nhd phai dong ciia; vien chiic bj sa thay, sinh vien ra truong khong cd
viec lam. Mot so dong tu san dan tdc lam vao canh gieo neo, sap tiem, budc phai dong
cua hieu.

Da the, suu thue moi ngay mot tang, han han, bao lut lien tiep xay ra. Trong khi
do, thuc dan Phap day manh chinh sach khiing bo trEng hong dap tat cac phong trao
vua bung no.

Tuy vay nhung phong trao dau tranh van len cao. Tu thang 2 - 1930, da no ra

nhieu cuoc bai cong ciia 3.000 cong nhan don dien cao su Phu Rieng. Tiep do, trong
thang 4 la cac cuoc bai cong ciia ciia 4.000 cong nhan nha may sai Nam Djnh, bai cong
cua cong nhan hang dau Nha Be (Sai Gdn), d6n dien cao su Dau Tieng Mot (nay thuoc
tinh Binh Duong)... Phong trao dau tranh d Nam ki dac biet manh me tu thang 5. Nhan
ngay Quoc te lao dong (1 - 5 - 1930), tu thanh thj den ndng thon, da xuat hien truyen

don, cd Dang, mit tinh, bai cong, bieu tinh, tuan hanh...cac cuoc dau tranh cua cong
GVHD: Tran Van Nam

^

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

nhan trong cac xi nghiep Nam Djnh, Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn...cac cudc dau tranh cua ndng
dan no ra hau nhu tren khEp cac tinh Nam ki.

Hoang sg trudc nhung phong trao cua quan chiing len cao va trudc sir anh

hudng cua Dang Cong san d Nam ki ngay cang ldn manh, thuc dan Phap tien hanh
cuoc khiing bo cue ki tan bao, ra sue dot pha, triet ha lang mac, dung nhung thu doan
chia re, du dd va mua chuoc. Nhieu co quan lanh dao cua Dang d nhieu dja phuong bj
pha vd, dang vien va cac chien sT bj bEt, bj tu day hoac bj giet.
Tuy nhien, bat chap sir khiing bo. danh pha ac Het ciia djch, cac to chuc ciia co

sd Dang d cac dja phuong Nam ki van ton tai va kien tri bam chEc quan chiing de hoat
dong, dong thai lai dung cac to chuc cong khai, hop phap ciia ke thu de day manh dau
tranh. Tai thanh phd Sai Gdn, mot so dang vien cong san da tranh thu cac kha nang dau
tranh hgp phap de tranh cu vao cac hgi dong thanh pho, lai dung dien dan cong khai de
tuyen truyen, cd dong quan chiing theo cac khau hieu cua Dang.

Cudi nam 1934 den dau nam 1935, he thong to chuc dang d trong nude noi
chung da dugc khoi phuc. Xu uy Nam ki, cac doan the Cong hoi, Ndng hoi va cac to

chuc ciia cac lire lugng xa hoi khac cung dugc lap lai. KhEp noi d Nam ki, phong trao
da dan dugc phuc hoi. Nam 1936, Mat tran nhan dan Phap do Dang cong san Phap
lam ndng cot, thang cu* Nghj vien va len cam quyen. Chinh phu Mat tran Nhan dan
Phap ap dung mot sd chinh sach tu* do dan chu cho cac nude thuoc dja. Mot so tu chinh
trj dugc tha ra da nhanh chong tim each ve Nam ki hoat dong trd lai.

Den dau nam 1937, nhan djp ddn phia vien Chinh phu Phap va Toan quyen

mdi( ' cua xu Dong Duong, nhieu cudc mit tinh, bilu tinh, dua "dan nguyen'\..da dien
ra. Trong dd cong nhan va ndng dan la luc lugng dong dao va hang hai nhat. Nam ki
Luc nay, nhieu phong trao dau tranh ciia quan chiing vdi cac cudc bai cong, bai thi, bai
khoa, mit tinh, bieu tinh da no ra manh me, nhat la cac thanh pho, khu mo va don dien
ca su.

Thang 9 - 1939, chien tranh the gidi thu hai bung no. (3 chau Au, thang 6 - 1940
quan ddi phat xit Due keo vao nude Phap. Chinh phu Phap dau hang nude phat xit

Due. 6 vien Dong, quan phiet Nhat cung dEy manh xam luge Trung Quoc va cho quan
tien sat bien gidi Viet - Trung. Dat Phap trudc hai nguy ca: Mot la nggn lira giai phong
nhan dan Dong Duong se bung chay; hai la quan phiet Nhat dang lam le hat cEng
chiing.

Chinh phu Phap la Go-da va Toan quyen mai la Bre-vi-e.

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

^

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sic

Sau khi Phap dau hang quan Nhat d Lang San (9 - 1940), chiing da md cua cho
quan Nhat vao de bien Dong Duong thanh thuoc dja va can cu chien tranh cua chiing.

Dudi hai ting ap buc, bde lot nang ne ciia Phap - Nhat, ddi song nhan dan Nam
bd bj day tdi tinh trang khd cue, dieu dung.

Tuy bj Nhat uc hiep, tudc doat mgi be, nhung thuc dan Phap van cd nhieu thu

doan gian xao de lam lgi cho chung. Chiing thi hanh chinh sach "kinh te chi huy", tang
cac loai thue ma. Dac biet khi bj quan Xiem khieu khich va gay xung dot dgc bien gidi

Lao - Campuchia, de chong lai, thuc dan Phap bit binh linh Viet Nam ra tran chet thay
cho chung. Tu do lam cho nhan dan Nam ki rat bat binh, dac biet la nhieu binh linh
phia Phap dao ngu, hoac bi mat lien lac vdi Dang bd Nam ki.

Trudc viec bat linh, nhan dan bat binh, Dang bd Nam ki da quyet djnh khdi
nghTa tuy chua cd sir dong y cua Trung uong Dang. Lenh dinh chi viec khdi nghTa cua
Trung uong Dang tu BEc ki dua vao Nam ki do tdi cham, khi den noi thi cudc khdi
nghTa da no ra.

Theo nhu ke hoach da djnh, cudc khdi nghTa da no ra vao dem 22 rang sang
ngay 23 - 11 - 1940 hau khap cac tinh mien Nam. NghTa quan triet ha mot so d6n bot
giac. Pha nhieu dudng giao thong; thanh lap chinh quyen nhan dan va tda an each
mang d nhieu noi thuoc cac tinh MT Tho, Gia Djnh... La cd do sao vang Ian dau xuat

hien trong cudc khdi nghTa nay. Do thuc dan Phap dan ap khoc Het, ca sd Dang bj ton
that nang, nhung mot sd nghTa quan da nit vao hoat dong bi mat chd ca hoi hoat dong
trd lai.

Dem 9 - 3 - 1945, Nhat dao chinh lat do Phap tren toan Dong Duong, quan Phap

chong cu rat yeu dt, chi sau mot vai gid da dEu hang. Sau khi hat cEng Phap, chinh phu
Nhat tuyen bd se giup do nen doc lap ciia cac dan toe Dong Duong. Nhung sau mot

thai gian rat ngan, bo mat gia nhan gia nghTa cua phat xit Nhat va bu nhin tay sai da bj
bde tran. Nhan dan ta ndi chung va nhan dan Nam bd ndi rieng ngay cang cam thu
Nhat va chan ghet bgn bu nhin tay sai ciia chiing.

Chien tranh the gidi thu hai dang den nhung ngay cuoi. 0 Chau Au, phat xit
Due da bj danh bai va budc phai dau hang khong dieu kien vao thang 5 - 1945. 6 Chau
A, quan phiet Nhat da dau hang quan dong minh khong dieu kien (8 - 1945).
Khi hay tin Nhat dau hang, nhan dan Nam bo da noi len dEu tranh manh me hda
cung khong khi dau tranh chung cua ca nude. Gdp phan lam cho ca nude di den thEng
lgi rue rd. Ngay 2 - 9 - 1945, thay mat chinh phu lam thai, chii tjch Ho Chi Minh doe
ban tuyen ngon ddc lap khai sinh nude Viet Nam dan chu Cong hoa.
GVHD: Tran Van Nam

TF

10

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

Nhung chi 10 ngay sau Tdng khdi nghTa thang Tarn nam 1945 thanh cong, quan
ddi cua cac nude dong minh, vdi danh nghTa giai giap quan Nhat, da keo vao nude ta.
Dugc sir giup do ciia quan ddi Anh, dem 22 rang sang 23 - 9 - 1945, thuc dan
Phap danh up sd Uy ban Nam bd va co quan Tu ve thanh pho Sai Gdn, md dau cho
cuoc chien xam luge nude ta Ian thu hai.

Quan va dan Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn anh dung danh tra quan xam luge bEng moi
hinh thuc va mgi vu khi co dugc, triet nguon tiep te cua djch trong thanh pho, tong bai

cong, bai thj, bai khoa, dung chuong ngai vat, va chien luy tren khEp cac duong pho.
Mot sd nha may, kho tang ciia djch d Sai Gdn bj danh pha. Dien. mxat^hLckt Cac
chien sT vu trang ciia ta con dot nhap san bay 1

ben Sai Gon, phakham ldn...

flj$r«iii*f liipKI

I

DEu thang 10 - 1945, tudng La-clec dei| Sai 4xe bgc thep mdi tu Phap ve tang vien. Cd sir ho tra cuaXnhTNhit^ quan Phap pha vdng
vay xung quanh Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn, tien hanh danh chiem cac tinh Nam bo.

Trudc tinh hinh do, Trung uong Dang, Chinh phu va Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh

phat dong phong trao ling hd Nam bd khang chien, dong thai tich cue doi phd vdi am
muu cua Phap muon quay trd lai xam luge nude ta. Hang van thanh nien no nuc len

duong nhap ngu. Nhan dan Bac bo, Trung bd thuong xuyen ung hd tien bac, quEn ao,
thuoc men.. .cho dong bao Nam bd.

Sau khi chiem dong cac dd thj d Nam bo, thuc dan Phap da chuEn bj tien quan
ra mien Bac de thdn tinh nude ta. Cung thai gian dd, d mien BEc, bgn Viet Quoc, Viet
Cach dugc quan Tudng sir dung de gay pha hang ngu lanh dao ciia Dang cong san,
chiing ddi ta phai cai to Chinh phii.

De tranh dung do vdi cung mot luc hai ke thu, ta chu dong dam phan vdi Phap,
tarn hda hoan vdi chiing de nhanh chong gat 20 van quan tudng ve nude va tranh thu

thai gian chuan bj luc lugng de budc vao cudc chien tranh vdi Phap sau nay. Chu tjch
Hd Chi Minh thay mat cho Chinh phu Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hda ki vdi dai dien
chinh phu Phap la Xanh-to-ni ban Hiep djnh So bd (6 - 3 - 1946). Theo Hiep djnh,
Chinh phii Phap cong nhan nude Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hda la mot quoc gia tu do,

cd chinh phu, nghj vien. quan doi va tai chinh rieng nEm trong khoi Lien hiep Phap;
Chinh phii Viet Nam thoa thuan cho 15.000 quan Phap vao mien BEc thay quan tudng
lam nhiem vu giai giap quan ddi Nhat, so quan nay se rut dan trong thai han 5 nam; hai

ben thuc hien ngung bEn ngay d Nam bo, tao khong khi thuan lgi cho viec md cuoc
dam phan chinh thuc d Pari.

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

^

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai


Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

Tuy Hiep djnh So bd da dugc ki ket nhung d Nam bo. Phap van tiep tuc gay
xung dot vu trang, lap Chinh phii Nam Ki tu trj, am muu tach Nam bd ra khdi Viet

Nam. Quan he Viet - Phap ngay cang cang thEng va cd nguy co xay ra chien tranh.
Trudc tinh hinh tren, Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh da ki vdi Chinh phu Phap ban Tarn udc
ngay 14 - 9 - 1946, tiep tuc nhugng bd cho Phap mot so quyen lgi kinh te, van hda d

Viet Nam de cd thai gian ciing cd lire lugng chuEn bj cudc khang chien chong Phap.

Mac du da ki hiep udc Sobd (6 - 3 - 1946) va Tarn udc (14 - 9 - 1946), thuc dan
Phap luon tim each pha hoai, nhEm tien hanh cudc chien tranh xam luge nude ta mot

Ian nua. 0 Nam bg noi rieng va trong ca nude ndi chung, thuc dan Phap da tien hanh
nhieu cudc tien cong danh vao cac ca sd each mang, vung tu do, can cu dja cua ta...
Trudc tinh hinh do. Ban thuong vu Trung uong Dang hgp hai ngay 18 va 19 -

12-1946 tai Van Phuc (Ha Ndi) quyet djnh phat dong toan quoc khang chien. Ngay toi
19 - 12 - 1946, Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh thay mat cho trung uong Dang ra Loi keu goi
toan quoc khang chien. Huong ling Loi keu goi toan quoc khang chien cua Chu tjch Ho
Chi Minh, nhan dan knap noi d Nam bd da diing len khang chien, dEy manh chien

tranh du kich, chan danh djch tren cac tuyen giao thong, pha co sd ha ting cua chiing.
Tu sau nhirng that bai lien tiep d cac chien djch Viec BEc thu - dong (1947),

chiCm djch Bien gidi thu - dong (1950), thuc dan Phap rao riet tieu diet cho bEng dugc
dau nao khang chien quan ta cang sdm cang tot. Tu do, chiing don lire lugng tan cong
vao trung tarn dau nao ciia Dang d mien BEc. Nhd vay ma d mien Nam, quan dan ta cd
nhieu dieu kien phat trien phong trao chien tranh du kich, phoi hgp vdi mat tran chinh
dien de danh djch d nhieu hudng. Cac phong trao chien tranh du kich cua nhan dan

Nam bo da gdp phan dua den thEng lgi d chien djch Dien Bien Phu, dEy Phap tdi viec
ki Hiep djnh Gio-ne-vo ngay 21 - 7 - 1954.

Hiep djnh gio-ne-vo (1954) ve Dong Duong dugc ki ket da cham diit cudc chien

tranh xam luge ciia thuc dan Phap doi vdi ba nude Viet Nam - Lao - Campuchia.
Nhung hoi nghj hiep thuong giua hai mien Nam va BEc de tien hanh Tong tuyen cu tu*
do thong nhat dat nude chua dugc tien hanh thi d mien Nam, MT lien nhay vao dua bon
tay sai (diing dau la Ngd Dinh Diem) len nam chinh quyen d niem Nam. Vdi am muu

chia cat dat nude Viet Nam thanh hai mien, bien mien Nam thanh thuoc dja kieu mdi
va can cu quan sir ciia MT d Dong Duong va Dong Nam A, bgn MT - Diem da tien hanh

khiing bd, dan ap, cho tay sai lung bat nhung ngudi yeu nude, cac chien sT each mang.
Ngay tu nam 1954. nhan thay ro de qudc MT la trd lire chinh ngan can viec lap
lai hda binh d Dong Duong va la ke thu chinh, true tiep ciia nhan dan Dong Duong,
Trung uong Dang da de ra cho each mang mien Nam nhiem vu chuyln cuoc dau tranh
GVHD: Tran Van Nam

^

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai