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Giáo trình Đánh giá kết quả giáo dục ở Tiểu học - Phần 1:những vấn đề chung về đánh giá trong giáo dục, quy trình đánh giá kết quả giáo dục ở Tiểu học

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ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ
TRUNG TÂM ĐÀO TẠO TỪ XA

PGS.TS. Phã §øc Hßa







GIÁO TRÌNH
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ GIÁO DỤC Ở
TIỂU HỌC

















NHµ XUÊT B¶N §¹I HäC HUÕ
HuÕ, 2012



MC LC

Lời nói đầu 3
CHNG I 4
NHNG VN CHUNG V NH GI TRONG GIO DC 4
4
2. Mc ớch ỏnh giỏ kt qu giỏo dc tiu hc 6
3. o lng v ỏnh giỏ kt qu giỏo dc 7
12
!"#$% 14
CHNG II 20
QUY TRèNH NH GI KT QU GIO DC TIU HC 20
1. Xỏc lp mc ớch ỏnh giỏ 20
2. H thng tiờu chun ỏnh kt qu giỏo dc 21
&'()*)+,-.%/0+12340 22
567829:,;()<+=0>? 23
!567829:,;()@0><+0>? 25
6. Hỡnh thc ỏnh giỏ kt qu giỏo dc 25
7. Qui trỡnh ỏnh giỏ kt qu giỏo dc tiu hc 26
chơng iii 56
đánh giá bằng trắc nghiệm khách quan 56
A9+B 60B 56
(B 6029% 59
&AC;1DEB 6029% 63

F>G2-9H@B6029%<I@JK+KLK? 70
CHNG IV 78
THC hành một số bài trắc nghiệm 78
Bài tập trắc nghiệm 1 79
Bài tập trắc nghiệm 2 95
Bài tập trắc nghiệm 3 109




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Lêi nãi ®Çu

7§¸nh gi¸ kết quả gi¸o dục ở tiểu họcđượ@ạK9%để0ệđạB
ụ2ế9ảụ)M=%9%B)B9BG(
)'NOP(+QP)R>OHS0%*2O
PTOUOO(+QOUOO)LHQ6QBG@QM-++
>9%@QB 60E;+QB 6029%VW9BG
E6NLX6P)07(@QB 60B()*
)
Y%*0$%P+-7Q007P)"Q6+Q*
EQV2*0M->9%@Q;O2Z0K'ườọểựđọ+[
ứệốMế+[ựả9ế@[ậOđđề1ấB\đ,[ướđO]
ợO+ớđ[ạBụừ1%
F07Q+;V71@H^2>B2:-VB0;
REOM$%@()*_@H%^7U

T¸c gi¶





CHƯƠNG I
NHỮNG VẤN ĐỀ CHUNG VỀ ĐÁNH GIÁ TRONG GIÁO DỤC
1. VÊn ®Ò ®¸nh gi¸ d−íi gãc ®é lÞch sö gi¸o dôc
B"R1K0Q0O_2>*-B9BG(
)`NOQO(0Ra,6RXO,%P)V 0R
EB(2-9H);OVO6B%D$%EB(QVXOUOO
T()+Q((O]RO4(VbNO
QBP>2%2-9H()+Q2-9H);OB+%G+Q
Q1c
6B"R-Q0>@d+Q29%^K0(a
,E0)L>9%+62*0B%VVP)U
$7a2-"c)VQ62=#V2=1H+QOB*#E$%@H
DSP#"VUe*ETOUOO);O$%0GA>a
-VE67+62*0B%V^(B%E);OP)V$7b
2V0+Q#E$%@HDSPGQP)#EE
\0Ba#EB_-$%P>D6(
'+;V*E6_ 0+aB"0>)b:P(+QP)
OH@-+QE`+QENO+2*+Q
T(()fb)E2*VT()$%@HD
Y%(R0()B%SPX@D%R
LBVB9%*02%++FgQ
VQO(0Ba%(2%(%B%G;
2%++Q
1.1. Quan ®iÓm cña J.A.Comenxki (1592-1670)
hi0K12 QP_%B%9%*0+67O\@QB-;
(LK>V9BG()R1K01j,-67@%S0k0,V

VOUOOVOU6VG"V ()+-79%B)Q
P(+QP)lV2-9H$%9BG()OHR>9%+62*0B%
+Q
 A*0B%V^OO_T-70,VVOUOOV
OU6VG"P(+P)%69H+QR
1.2. Quan ®iÓm cña I.B.Bazelov (1724-1790)
m44%/K+%B%6B"BQBP56QR%Q0
@;2OT&@;kL7\LB@G\Aj0n%V%:Q0!@;
BG)oWQP_%+6@d*07+Q()
*67@%@;L7\A\LB@GQ079%B)B
"+'RB%Pd0NOP(@_O6
RBG;"$%P)`D,QUeVH*%Q6
!

R%Q0!@;E+BG$%P)'Q%V9%*0Q+pb
M=%Eq
1.3. Lý thuyÕt vÒ trÝ tuÖ häc sinh mang tÝnh tiÒn ®Þnh. (Ph¸i Nhi ®ång häc)(1922-1944)
A+m44%/K++Qhi0K12VO'S)Bd#EB,6)
0%,lV()2>_*0Vd0OB*"NE
Br
LK9%*0$%s'S)V2"%BrB%V2H#OB*B,6$%
K0ctV@800Q2>_E$%,+G+;V+6
BrTd02,,VOB*a-7V#E@80"2>*%
uRN
5)-Q%+%Bb9-$%-7KBBEGQ+Q
OB*D$%Br56%V)-Q+pS(B=+E$%
07B-
*DQ09%*0%_0+0v;";nEOB*B,6$%
Br2>TQ-7@80Vt0Qb@O+QB-729%+Q
$9%0>BPV % GV1c<2629%?+Qv*0D0,

W(D$%Br<-7$9%?F79%6a%2629%
+Q26$9%,Q26_+Q$B9BGGQ+QOB*D
Q6P)
1.4. Quan ®iÓm cña O.X.Bog®anova (1951)
Iw4%+% 1K01j "#$%2*0B%\Q"#
L>9%VP)RGQO80,8
;VBxBQV,,1+Q1DE@HD0+Q2%)Lu"7+6
2*0B%\B"^OO_O,,EV;OV"N$%P)
"#Q69H$%"#()+QOB*B+62-
9He@;*)
1.5. VÊn ®Ò tù ®¸nh gi¸ tri thøc cña häc sinh tiÓu häc - Quan ®iÓm cña A.I.Lipkina,
B.R.Goyal (1970)
imyO2%+Q4.z%c%B%+EB"$%)*)LK
%Q2%)QVBGE$%Br{6;+"%uT+QBG;"
WEOB*D$%K0
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)<OUOO(+QOUOO)?d00,D%R+Q6
9H$%
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9H
1.6. Quan ®iÓm cña V.A.Shukh«mlinxki vµ Sb.A.Am«nashvili (1970 - 1978)
in2>012%B%+*07v2>*0LK>V

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e(($%P)+QT-*0700%M=%
2*
`DQ09%*00%,D+#B
LB2Vn@ii0>%+(%B%09%*02oBd2>
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7y,-Q6%R07B-sOV5Q\y%$ë
%V070>)e*)2>@d*07
1.7. Quan ®iÓm cña V.M.Palonxki (1981)
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LK>V9BG@%S007-7k
\';"N0,2*0B%\VR1OX0,()
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\wDE@Q;O8Q0Ue
\w;OG",RO
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HV+6K9%*09BG ^H0@H , 29%V,1+Q>
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2. Mục đích đánh giá kết quả giáo dục tiểu học
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@-+QE`NO%+2*+QT((
)Vb)E2*VT()$%0GY%(R0,
_$%0>)
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AFV'Vs
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BG2*0B%VB")
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2*0B%\W2>*BP2:079%6S@+9BG()

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häc tù nã h×nh thµnh…QQQ"0(-OH+,;+QEq
`"%E%+kUe2%)+E2*0B%+QEGQa*@-
0<†1%0KK?
Theo lÝ thuyÕt ®iÒu khiÓn<@KBK?VB9BG()S(9BGB
>+Q9BG=>\9BG2*+Q9BGE2*`Q
076kF'sF76Q>9%(kl5A
`DQ2D2*0B%\B9BG()`P6RQ^
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()+QX0eB%BG()-OK
A*0B%\Q0UHg2-"+Q;"
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X0>BP+Q67WGQ0U-T,B
9BGQ(
KiÓm tra - ®¸nh gi¸ chÝnh x¸c^NOQO(0E2-9H1HB%V
Q02-B(V1R-7He+Q@D$%67V
Bx($%67+Q7]1P2uRO67'R
(V-2*0B%\2>OHREDE^Q067
2*0,2*$%0GV=%QQ0#,@-VE%u<KBO?$%
67(Richand I Miller,1979).


'+;V2*0B%\Q0@O;V0O_2>*-B9BG(
)\Q02D2> *  BPH 9BG ( ) ë DV2*0B%RQ

ph−¬ng tiÖn*2-9H$%)
3.2. Khái niệm về đo lường
Đo lường là ]OU6*;OQ6+v,VQ+$%P0
67Đo lường nhằm OD,a6VQ0UeaQ,RO
`PE%B%
`PB9%-PV+Q$*$%(
V+079%6%'+;VP+X%Q$*+X%Q7R
HELB*P0"(0lV
0_RR**P
`P_E%B0%nEOD@7B%PB
M=%EOD@7H%%K"E@;+Q%K2H
`P@%S0,+Q,*6eP;1jVE0>Hf
b+0vR*6e7V@H1-O(V76
3.3. PhÐp ®o vµ thang ®¸nh gi¸
a) PhÐp ®o trong ®¸nh gi¸
`(QOH7R_07K09O;
R'a_2(k
\'a+_R1BxBQvQOH9%RBx
\'a7e%O]RO+0"$%+
*B%D0+Q+,k
A)Q0@QVO(0g,H+@QQ09%7g,H$%
K0Fg70"H@QQ0k)Q%g2)2>%
gQna@QOH*00,1
5)H9-@Q;OV+)EHK0K"@;VQ0
-D,*0-
LV7]OH98B%V1-O(P)K@;k:\2\B@G
\-<K>ˆˆ‡\4zl\`L?
\LBUBGở tiểu họcV0>)LVL-6<OVV&?+QLVL-
6VA%)V`%,+Qy<O+Q!?+p@d*07+Q1-O(P)
K"@;B0>)bR2>@d*00QK98%ki



<#2-?Vi<QQ?+Q4<%QQ?
b) Thang ®¸nh gi¸Q0>OjO +Qa-79%+%
+a-7cR9%L%*,B%(0zB%O
<US\S?kc7<Xˆ-ˆ?vD;1j<7V2V(VQQV%
QQ?fv%(akiV4VVl;0,((7k

ˆ

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
\\

i4l

3.4. Đánh giá trong giáo dục
'N%c@-V_ 0+aB"Q0Ba_U@H
$%+6(+Q)@"0>)QV+G67B"0>)R1DE*2
P) 0+a^2jKX@OB*B,6+QOB*
B
6E6__ 0+aB"0>)b:P(+QP)
OH@-+QE`NOP(2*+QT(
()VbP)E2*VT()$%0Gl+;
BQ-;QGŠ
LK9%*0B-)V\Q07+a6R1cV
(Q+$%Pf1aB$%NU1"+
 +Q80E("VR1@d+B,1cV-9%VBG+#
<LX*4A%Qyw>\F‡„|?

'+;VRO;‹QE+6B…+M=%7]p-EH
- (  $%  D +Q ;O * <.% FKB \ 6   B Q BP \ n%
ŒB%\‡€‡?
L;a@%Q0M=%2%kegQR*+
QEVeg2]+=%127RB"RXP
)v>2S=%+*07+QP;1j$%QO(0
`1;BGV1K0‹OOjOBP@-P$26*
-OQBG…
*k“§¸nh gi¸ lµ biÓu thÞ mét th¸i ®é, ®ßi hái mét sù phï hîp, theo métchuÈn nhÊt
®Þnh. Nhê ®ã mµ ng−êi ®¸nh gi¸ cho mét th«ng tin tæng hîp, ®«i khi lµ mét con sè ®èi víi ng−êi
®−îc ®¸nh gi¸”. <%KŒKF%0KBB+Ks\‡„?
A600(-29%$%PlP
Q_>VQO(0_$O80V#EVBG0>+Q
9(*HO80$%PL$%P*6OH
O]RO+8c9+Q8OH29%+QM=%
L0(VQ9BG;O""+Q%B%a;VO1j+
0"(R,c%B%B8`*Q,%
R


`NO2‚BDE$%7RR+7
Ka829%M=%7+P+QR1cX%;
3.5. Ph©n biÖt ®¸nh gi¸ vµ cho ®iÓm
L; a   <iK0K?  2 R S  + ; a  *0
<0%B2?'+;Q2>N`+Q*0Q%2602>S+
%A60BU260*0`@*6G"V
VH01NV;1j+Q*0
`+QVH01N$%P(7+@QQ0$%)*
Rq(BPV6@Vj0vV:MSGVQV2KRVB
`7Q0OU6$70HP)+Q"0G+Q2H#

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UBG)
4. C¸c nguyªn t¾c ®¸nh gi¸
`*H0@H+6B"<]Q@d*07%@d;1j?R,
1+Q>@dQO(0_D$07_+()`,Q
 L;a+ <sBOK?<X-%\sBO0?=%
QT)SUe?R]TUe1OVE%+Q Q020T%0B
a(2%
 <sBOKƒ%K0K?Q;*0U@H0Q2-
QHO80$%P)GQO(0_E%+Q 
'+;V-7QUe179BG2-9H$%
)LB2-9H_DK& k' H0@H,
29%V H0@H,OD+Q H0@H,BxBQ
4.1. Nguyªn t¾c ®¶m b¶o tÝnh kh¸ch quan
`H0@H,29%=%QOHHO80@QQ0HP)
+7V2>O+QM07$9%$%P`OHOH
BG;+6 02-"0>)V"QOHGGb) 0U+B
"0M"K0@-B((2-"B>a0
;O+Q9VG"B(O]RO+_B(

'QO(0^0 %_0-:B%U()0QK09B
BcyQ0+;^2-@HDK0+Q;O*_0e+GGE-'
W2>*092 2K'P(_2-ROEb:%+
9%D0#0-0gP)nE-29%B^DP
)2>N7++6)$%@HDW7+aPR
H0G$%_>5)^2>SG+2-9H$%QO(0V
HB);O+Q2VB0 $%P)QO(0QQ0,60
L0(VOH29%+GE$=%VBBcVD*0%B%a
D:q%29(
FG7BE-()*)1HB%kFHO80@QQ0$%)
iR&_>&*02%k€*0\„*0\‡*0;*0QQ*0
29%Š
\ý2-k`*0„Q29%+GDQ*0B@GH&*0B
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\ý2-k*B&*0BQ29%2>@-Q*0Q
\ý2-&kA>1RDBHP
w%kA>*0QQ29%V@e+G2>#"<8?*
1LV+pHO80@QQ0$%)iR&_>2%
]0*077<*0€‚(?GQ*029%<DQ*07
2>O+QM07$9%$%P?
LE-+6>$%(GQBP
WeQBP*)B+Q$%+e%6%#"+QT6)
:<v1-O(i+Qi‰?Q0=*0'^QS7He
P(qcB+6P)l_>HP
(<+Q>$%QBP?2>KT6)OvT6)
:<%@;iVi‰?0QKGG$%>()+Q`Q
=%Q_0"(Q,B+QG‚+Q2-9HE-Y%
*0QcRE069H+QB6*B2G76OOu>B
)+X%9%

4.2. Nguyªn t¾c ®¶m b¶o tÝnh ph©n ho¸
'0>)2%V0v2%$%2-9H);OOHR
K2%L,OD*6BxVvB2%$%
0>)OHRK8*X0>)<678
M;()@0>\8+0>?`*(R,OD%BB
"VQO(0_9%67+6);O$%)X(26+Q2H
#*00>@dV,12P)
L,OD$%079%6v^+,Q6+QOB*l
QO(0_D 2=2HO80@QQ0$%P)F0v_
1K01jVD 2-9H@QQ0BOU6;O*=%Q2>TNB)-
ON%%0QbOHNM-"Q0@Q$%P)*R
,1Fv2V2-2,2H#(V,@-<KBO?BQ0
@Q$%P)'-QO(0^OD(<OD@6\OD?BG$%)
O0GSPNOK0EU+Q#E$%@HDVN8
E+Q"N);O$%K0`Q-"9%B)B
LB()*)V0>)<|0>O\\&+Q‡0>OV!?OH
8,;()<8+=0>?LV0g0>)
vBBV0,2%0Qb)_Q0BxjB+6F*0
77%<*0ˆ?v1-O(i<%i‰?0>)Q<8+0>?2>*
0%Ov+Q0>)20v]N8<8+=0>?
‚(kL%0>L+QL-+6Q@;ˆ<*0ˆ?V6
780>L20>L-6f;0,%
OD0>$%L-6y6X+QDVL;O)VL;O+-V,HVL;OQ0+#
2%+,


4.3. Nguyên tắc đảm bảo tính rõ ràng
LB_OHH0@H,BxBQl]QO(0@d*07%
@d;1jGP)W_@-Bx(%0G(R+;AV2-
9H0EEQOU6VEN8P)

`BxBQ+X%@dRV+X%@d,V=%Q+X%*0
+X%;1jd0H,0Ha*0+Q(-HPHV+(B%
PNOP)Ov2 O
(V0HO80@QQ0$%)i*@d*07%
<*0\R?+p2Z0KP;1jEOO<,?fB2V
0HO80@QQ02%$%)4*2>R*07%<+,k*0?
+p*2Z0K0P;1j7+"H9-+'+;V,Bx
BQHQ0P)H0c++6R
4% $%079%60;-+%LB H0
@H,29%Q 9%B)Vv0079%6Q
`H0@H,29%*6P<QO(0?G,1V
>@d7+HO80@QQ0$%K0`DQHVUe*+60%
,OD+QBxBQ6,1V29%+Q>@dG0*
OD(R#EVBG;"$%P)VXTB%VR*0$%@Q
Q0Va-V%_0BP)VNO)E+Q"NB);O
4( V 0> ) a, 2% OHR 2 %
<,OD?+QP)H0c+6$%P(<,BxBQ?,
Q(H0@H,29%$%
5. Các chức năng của đánh giá
6B"NO+612-"V2=#V$%P)BV
B+Q%22-"09BG);O`,1V>@d^OO_N
8P)-@VSPT9BG);OVH-+6(+Q)VGQ
+QOB*D$%P)'+;V+X%0%"#()V"
#OB*+Q"#
5.1. Chức năng dạy học
`+6-0=B"V2=#V2=1HHP)BB"Q6
7,-<Ue,;?b2=#2=1HQQEQ<UeEq?
U+B"V2=#V2=1H079%6+%LBVB"QUe
@%_<260V;V>"V,V9 V9;?Vb2=#QQ
EQROBG7UEV2=1H\G7c@-u

5.2. Chức năng phát triển
"#OB**6,00r$%B()V@%S0(
(+Q2H#OB*B,6$%K0
L,(@*6>9%H9-@Q;"+H2
%VHVH7fXOB*B,6P)
!

`0%"#OB*Q0#$%PRV
0%,B9BG-O;2-"$%P)
5.3. Chøc n¨ng gi¸o dôc
"#$%R@*6>9%G"BG@_HO80
@QQ0$%P)`Q+6G"BG@Q@QQ0$%VBxBQVŽO+Q
"#Q$%R*@d+69C*07<@d
R?Q+6BG@QHO80@QQ0$%P)
LPeD<SG%OO?^NOP)BZ6
,8;V,1V"BG@Q@QQ0fXT%,+QQ+$%
@HD
"#$%079%6v^+%LB"#(
)QUeVH@%_B+6,+a HB"P)
 0 RB"G0*+;0(+Q(BG
7);OWBP7EqQ-0@-RBG@QVq
(M2-V*@-$%0G0BxBQV
"#OB*QE2-X%H"#()Vd02H#
(\,00rV(HP)
"#Q69H$%"#()+QOB**V>9%
++6 0+a2-"+Q2H#OB*B,6XGQ+QO
B*DP)
'+;V+2-9He@;*)+X%0%,2%)V+X%
0%,f%2‹>9%+6(a0Q(P…
|


Câu hỏi và bài tập
1. M2-BdV6%V0,Q$7*0$%0>)+Q
Bu*0KN_9$%QBPY%*0$%%}++Q
-QŠ
2 LBG@Q+QOD,079%6a%0,()+Q0,$%
Š
3LK%}V+6B")*)6%kh«ngd00,
QB0,%Dk
%?'d02HR);O$%)1K0K0$26-O
02600%2>Š
@?'d02*0B%1K0)(_9+R);O%2>Š
?'d0G0*1K0)vOa22#GB+6=B"VG
Q2=#V2=1H
?`*R*07+Qu*0KN9H(
K?`*T(()
ƒ?`*+),E);O
45c70Xei+0Xe4%O]RO+0,
B%
i 4
%?F,E ?`T(()
@?F,2*0B%


?'d0G0*1K0)vO2
2#GB+6=B"0V
GQ260
?F,8



?'d02*0B%1K0)(
_9+R);O
%2>
?F,()

2?`**07+Qu*0K
N9H(
K?F,
?'d02HR);O$%
)1K0K0$26-O
026002>
5. i}*-Q++BŠ<1+QDE%)
O]RO?
%?yQ*07+QHO80@QQ0$%P)
@?yQ;1jHO80@QQ0$%P)
€

?yQT*07<*0BB@G?+HO80@QQ07Hb)
?yQ2>*00QT;1j+HO80@QQ0$%P)
K?yQH9%*0B
6.5c7X<0X?ei+X<0X?e4%O]RO+
$%+B%Dk

i 4
%?`R*Q
K?]OU6*;Oa
6+v,VQ+H
P067
@?sjOR*Q
?@*Vb:EO]

ROK08
?`PR*Q
?OH7R_
07
K09;O;R
?L%Q
?0>OjO
+Qa-79%+Q
+a-7cR9%

7LK%}VB B")V Q+%
Bb9%B)<1+QDE%)O]RO
%?' H0@H,OD
@?' H0@H,29%
8.i}0XO]RO+QgB7B(+#%k
' B")@%S0kVLB
V,29%$%+6OHOH$%+6 0B"0>
)cB%BUBGV,ODH*6a0v2%H
2-9H);OH)OHEUKfb,BxBQH+6
 * 6 )  OH@- Bx( % 0G R   @d *0 -VT B
BPRO*00Q));O7U
95c70Xei+0Xe4%O]RO+0v

i 4
%? L, 2>2 9%H
P(2
K? Q R T : 1 7 9
BGB")
@? 'a 0v 2 % H
2- 9H ) ;O $% )


?2,,));O7
U
?      ? ^ D  )   
„

 2>B);O
?  *0 Q OU
6
? OH R   K 
2%
105c70Xei+0Xe4%O]RO+0v
H"#k
i 4
%? " # O B* d0
0,

? G Q +Q O B* D
Q6P)
@? " # ( ) +Q 
+X%
?O2H#B,6V
;O(HP)
? " # ( )V O
B* +Q  
d0
? G Q O80  ( "
)
? " #   d0
0,$-

2?  O B "V 2= #V 2=
1HV +X% G Q  
8 +   ( " 
P)
Đáp án và gợi ý
1. LEB(6%Q@+62-9H);OH)QT
d00*070Q>2*072>OHRBG 0B"0
29%K_vB%VHe2>:69$%()+Q
BQBP*)%
'+;VD2>OHQ0,H+6B")
2.0,\0,()k
a) Môc ®Ých dù ®o¸n: E1K0)$RB"_-*-OB
"0VGQ260fX2-(@S•BG1O$%P)
F,QPR-Q_#0)V_)2GV_0U)vB
2)@Q0
b) Môc ®Ých kiÓm trak2‚+QO61K0)(_2>*X
2OPT((+Q()
F , Q R E 6 B 7 9 BG ( )V d0  >  R
<ƒKK\@%2?0%XP)-P(V*P(TOU
OO(VbP)ETOUOO)H@HD
c) Môc ®Ých chÈn ®o¸nk8BG 0+aB"$%)e0"Q
+QDD22#K0B9BG=B"VGQ2=
#V2=1H+QXQ6D@HD
‡

F,QPR-Q%2K0)1@Q0
d) Nh− vËyVH&0,0%,()9%69%(0;-
+%F,ERE6B2GQ02600BrV
d02HBGEV6$%K0F,2*0B%R-QB7
9BG()*>OHS2OPb0,8B%%2P)

-O02600$%@Q)LBUeVQO(0 0@ R)
vO22#V+0 GB();O$%@HDVd02OP%B%
HOOO]RO
3. Đáp án d
4. `O
\<%?7+<?
\<@?7+<?
\<?7+<?
\<?7+<?
\<K?7+<0?
5. Đáp án (e)
6`Ok
%<i?7+<4?
@7+
7+K
7+
7. Đáp án (b)
80X+QgB7k
<?,29%f<?,ODf<&?,BxBQf<?BG;f<!?
2%f<|?OU62,,
9'70X%k
<%? 7+<?
<@? 7+<?
<? 7+<K?
<? 7+<?
10.'70Xi+4
<%?7+<?
<@?7+<2?
<%?7+<?
<?7+<?



CHNG II
QUY TRèNH NH GI KT QU GIO DC TIU HC
Nh ó cp,2*0B%Qphơng tiện*R);O$%)A-
9H$%9BG()OO_+Q+62*0B%\B"P)
029%A*0B%\NOP(,6RVd0T
OUOO(fbP)ETOUOO)$%@HDA*0B%\
2-9H);O$%P)R+;Q7VRO,^NOK0U*$7
+QOB*B,6
A*0B%\2-9H0%M=%LEq(c":+
2*0B%\(26;RP)k
5GQ_+Q9KE2*0B%\fD%_B60
B);O+QM,+Ua2-9H);O
$7R,2 V b E +Q "E+Q2H# $%@HDf
Ob+Q2 O,{(V,E2VE0cV$9%
s,;OV(VB$=%G"V00B2*0B%
1. Xỏc lp mc ớch ỏnh giỏ
1.1. Trớc khi học bài mới, tiến hành đánh giá để đo lờng tri thức xuất phát của ngời học
đối với nội dung sắp dạy
F,QVBBPROB+6()aU+B
"0QP)c@-VOjOb(@-BdK0%*Bx+Q_$a
260V,V>"L>9%@Q2*0B%_+Qd0BGEV
6$%P)*-Q(()O]RO
F,Q0%,E<sB?1K0P)$B"
_-*-O02600%2>fX2-(@SBG1
O$%)
1.2. Đánh giá trong khi học dới các cách thức vấn đáp, tự luận hoặc trắc nghiệm (test)
nhằm thu thông tin ngợc một cách nhanh nhất từ ngời học đến ngời dạy
A*0B%QOjO2-9H-O$%P)+QOjO%uV

TO()%O]RO+BG;"$%)WBGE
;OBVNM$%K0F,Qd02*0B%1K09BG;"$%
P)qB%-QV-@KP%);O%2>fvO22#+Q
;RGV*P(2OPT((V@HDP)ET
()$%0G<vấn đề tự đánh giá).
F,2*0B%<B?qB%B79BG()d02*0B%1K0P
)(_9V 0RU+B"%2>*2OPT
((+QET)%)
1.3. Kiểm tra đợc tiến hành khi kết thúc nội dung bài dạy (một bài, một phần, một hay
nhiều vấn đề, một chơng hay một môn học )


4Q2*0B%OjO1a_vB%(R%2>+Q(+{
67RP)Q@%F,Q*Q67@Q2*0B%
*1Bxa_U@H_=<1@+a$%P)\tính
vững chắc của tri thức?+Q2H#+;(V($%)<tính mềm deỏ
của t duy?
@Q2*0B%Qd08<%?GG);O$%P)8
1K0+G%K0vO22#B+6=0U+B"Q$%0>
)fXT0"VVOUOO()
1.4. Vấn đề đánh giá kết quả học tập của ngời học còn nhằm động viên, khuyến khích các
em học tập tích cực, từ đó hình thành thế giới quan, nhân sinh quan cho bản thân
F,Qd0NOP)@-Bx+#E+QE*@-$%
@HDLXVK0BE9+Q(9%-fb)2G
@ _;"BxUa(-+Q-H@HD<B,2j0VBX
R@(-?+Q+K02a%GDBHPNQS2,6V+e
@HDVbEB)s@*>2%BO>QE"
7+)*)`DQOU6M"B60B;
;O*
4Q2*0B%E;NOP)BZ6,8;V0NV,,1V

,2%)<> 9%0>)E?fDEV0V-9%V
D9%VH0+rOVb9UVLu97
2. H thng tiờu chun ỏnh kt qu giỏo dc
2.1. Tiêu chuẩn <BKB\yKBKB?QOU6*1jVQ6fBUe
-Q1%OD(0GVQ$%E<Từ điển Bách khoa
toàn th Liên Xô -F%1U+%V|\B%|!|\@H-'%?
\LKwmI/K+V8Q$%E+Q1j
\LK.%mFKBV G 8QU+ 2 9% 06R %
RGQ<Evaluation in High School\n%V?
%?A-;(Tiêu chuẩn-đó là dấu hiệu, trên cơ sở đó tiến hành đánh giá, xác định hay
phân loại một cái gì đó. Nó chính là thớc đo của sự đánh giá để đảm bảo tính khách quan.
\Criterion <8?2>S=%+Standard <0"?
b) Có hai loại tiêu chuẩnkR<9%?+Q,<9%%+K?
2.2. Tiêu chuẩn đánh giá <BKB%%K0K?,RO^OHNB<8
1V,1\+%V+%K?V$;<@+a\B0V@K?V@HH02
9%<@JK%V@JK+K?+QO]RO<B0%@VOKBKK?`NB+Q
$;QH0@H_$_$%<29%+QO]RO+
\,OD+QBxBQ?A-9HM=%2%VeD%O;
2-9HKaH$%0
\'#E-O;B"QE2%+Dp-2-9H);O+Q(
2%$%P)B26);ORQS'PRQ


# E ( <BG ;"? =% Q 2- 9H (R % U 0"
BHO
\R<Y%?kQEO"0,Q(<0,K=%B
?+O80#E$%b)V@%S0H;"1cVb%00);OV
E=+a $%B"<67B"V2=#V2=1H?+Q,,E(f
27RB"-O;WBG*@-+QE(B=
\2-9H$%)\2-9HB,R@d678

B"+R<@d*0?+Q,<HP?
3. Nội dung dạy học tiểu học với lí thuyết Razumovxki & Bloom
3.1. Các thành phần của nội dung dạy học
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%?Hệ thống các tri thức về tự nhiên, xã hội, t duy và cách thức hoạt động.
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?Hệ thống những kinh nghiệm hoạt động sáng tạo
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?Hệ thống các kinh nghiệm về thái độ đối với thế giới khách quan, đối vớicon ngời
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3.2. Lý thuyết Razumovxki & Bloom
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4. Hệ thống tiêu chuẩn đánh giá kt qu giỏo dc dới góc độ lí luận dạy học (vĩ mô)
4.1. Hiểu, nhớ bài, nhận thức đợc vấn đề
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4.2. áp dụng đợc bài làm trong tình huống tơng tự
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4.3. áp dụng đợc bài làm trong tình huống khác đã biến đổi
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4.4. Bài làm mang tính sáng tạo
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4.5. Hình thức trình bày bài làm sáng sủa, rõ ràng và logic
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5. Hệ thống tiêu chuẩn đánh giá kt qu giỏo dc dới góc độ lí luận dạy học bộ môn (vi
mô)
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6. Hỡnh thc ỏnh giỏ kt qu giỏo dc
6.1. Hình thức đánh giá bằng điểm số
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6.2. Hình thức đánh giá bằng lời
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* Quy nh ỏnh giỏ v xờp loi kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh tiu hc theo thụng t
32/2009, B Giỏo dc v o to.
iu 7. ỏnh giỏ bng im s:
1. Cỏc mụn hc ỏnh giỏ bng im s gm: Toỏn, Ting Vit, Khoa hc, Lch s v a lý,
Ting nc ngoi, Ting dõn tc, Tin hc v cỏc ni dung t chn.

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