Giáo trình: Lịch sử tư tưởng Việt Nam pdf
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (1.09 MB, 84 trang )
!"#".
!"#".
!"#!"$
!
" #
$%&& '& (
) & &*( ( +'& ( ,
) --&*( ( +'& ( ,
) ( & &*( ( +'& ( ,
!. !
/
& &*( ( +0 ( !& + /
--&*( ( +0 ( !& + 1
( & &*( ( +0 ( !& + 2
3 !
!. ! "
3 !
% 4 5 ! # $ % & '
3 ! % #. 56 ! #( ) * )
! &78 0 (+ ,
( & !& + &9 '+& (0 -:; (3 - ./ + 0 1 0
3 ! <
% # = 56 ! #( 2 ) * ) <
! &78 0 ( &9 '+& > (0 -:; (+ , - ./ 3 0 1 0 <
!& + &9 '+& > (0 -:; ( - ./ 3 0 1 0 2
,3 ! /
% !. # ?@ A% ! #$ ) /
% ?! % ?! 4 % 4 /
! &78 0 ( &9 8 ' ( +BC &-9& 9 ?! + , - .5 + 0 6
9 ?! 6 /
!& + &9 8 ' ( +BC &-9& 9 ?! - .5 + 0 6
9 ?! 6 1
( &*D& &9 9 ?!)?!+ - . 6 <
,3 % % A !. ?@ A% ! ! # 7 8 )
E 9 ?!) 9 ?!F 6 6 1
! &78 0 ( &9 9 8 (&+( ( +BC &-9& !& +E + , - . 9 + : 0
9 ?!E,,F) 9 ?!E/FF6 6 <
! &78 &9 9 8 (&+( ( +BC &-9& !& +E+ , - . 9 + : 0
9 ?!) 9 ?!F6 6 <
( &*D& +
/3 % #G56!. HI ! # & ; $ < "
A% .#A .A./)< 1
! &78 0 ( &9 (& '+J:;8 - ( +(((KLM + , - . + = > 5 , +
' &+ + 1
&9 (& '+J:;8 - ( +(((KLM ' - . + = > 5 , + +
&3+ <
( &*D& + ,
&E3 ? 大F+M( &E3 太FN,
13 % A% # HI .I ! # ) * " @ /
! &78 0 ( 3+ , /
&9 ( -9& ' -LM M 3 - . 0 1 , + A /
( &*D& &9 ( -9& ' -LM M 3+ - . 0 1 , + A
/
!"#".
<3 % . O?@ ! ! # ' ) ) B 1
! &78 0 (+ , 1
!& + &9 !& +5;( P+8 P+?C & + - . 0 + 0 0 C
!& + 1
&:( D ( + K&3 0 9 D 1
.Q .E < * 1
! !.56 ! 7 ) 7 ) 1
M""29&0 -'+ !& +M &H ((K0 &+ 1 9 0 9 A + -
&* C( : 9 0 &( (97: & ( +(( / = 9 - F +
!& +9&& 0R0 (( &( +!& +? , 1 ? F 1
(0 -:; ( 0& ( +BC &0 SS-0 ( + ( K&0 1 0 : , C 0 + F D
8 9 0R0 ( +( +()*&+ + 1 C 1,
K&8 !& + (D& ' & 9& C D ,9 0 9 , 9
(KLM E !& +( LM F0 SS- &8 0R0 : , 9 0 9 , + 0 F + 1
B;M: 9& &( +&+&( -(J;= 9 F / 1/
T 9 9 & 9 (J (J & (JU & + + ? + + + ? + 1
&& M( + ( K&0 9 +8 -M(+ 'M ( 5 + D + = G + / ,
9 :; ((+( +:; (!& +8 C' ( (& 0 (BM* 0 0 + + H ?
( L'>(( !& + 9 ? 1/
,?;M: (!& + (( +:;::;8 8>:;0 ( & 8= + F + + F + + C
&( + &8 9 0R0 ( +( +()*&8 (? - + + 1 C , + F 11
/ ( K&0 ' M* L (&+' & ( + & & C D + 0 3 / F
L+; ( (( :& 8 ( 8 (&& ? 0 + + > + <
9 3%H! # ! " 2 <
%&
'((('
!"#
$%&!'(()*+,-./0101+23/4
!1 525#6078&"(9"
2:9"215;"2<=
,:6!(556>4? :6
$%&!'(()*+,-3/156,5@ABC
2DE:15,<1@ABFFG15FFH=3/6IJ
!(,?K5(4 3/L54IJ!(!M% NM
O4 =,55L+B4?L5:!$%&
!'(()*+,-PH3/4B,?K906
,5@AB5/P78Q/5FFR=
7#OLS5?TL5!>5+(U:
4$#%&!'(()*+,-6B !"
BH=
QV6WEJXO !"Y?&!Z[[\
#]^95?\F\FFG4_:()_:#]01595"
!!T`;!J=BA
!"#".
3(!>J/a4"P+/2B@Sb
!5?55+c=7<5Bcd
Z
GVC. ThS. Hoàng Ngọc Vĩnh
)*+!, /01
2345655478
9:;
<23456554789:
;
=>)?@!@A-B@C")DE.
$%$&'(%)*+%,-./0%*1'234'0%%)5'(67-28'9'65:*;5<'(%=
%+;>???%-'
)*+%,-)@AB*C3*%$D/E;F*G/F%H%)=/%$I'(CJ%+(*3*CK%L'%:*
%K''M'(1%N'(C3*%$-F-6K%$D/EOPQ*+'-R@'9'65:*%S-TQU%
AV/%=%+;>%-'W-'KE%)X'%+(*3*AY-Z[%)/'(%94%)*+%,-63'6K\'
]H)/'(^/N-CKE@-PA:*
_`D*a'A:%;F-'@/&O$b'(c'(CKO$b'(9EH'$'('($B*
.$@%='(A7''(d@%)*+%,-6Ke%)fgh-2i*j/Q*+%/EX'%94CJ4]%6d'
Ci-'0%A7''K5AZ-R@%+(*3*
F*'*14%)*+%,-'$CkEAY%L'%:*-5A+'(*M@AV/%+;>??
!"#".
*%)*+%,-F-X'*')@AB*H%)*+%,-43*A$I-AN*.8AW'('(d@6K
4]%;5@,-A]-6kOl5G/@''*144F-.f%%Se2L5:
;ae@E:L52 e1X;(
A;? OA;+//A4!>
13:15/b4Ug
F'G@"*H!,!,)@I!EJ1EKL"B@C")DE
3*;F*'*14%)*+%,-%)X'H%)*+%,-'(*X'-h/%0%-<-F-6d'Ci-m%i
'*X'H.Y]*CK%$D/En-R@%+(*3*)*+%,-;c'('(*X'-h/%+(*3*%)5'(
%d'%:*4K'(*X'-h/'Z%)5'(2iCk'A]'(CKOF%%)*j')5'(2iCk'A]'(
CKOF%%)*j'0E-R@%+(*3*H%)*+%,-;c'(4c%<%+(*3*4]%-F--o%j4K
-T'(*X'-h/%+(*3*%)X'-b2&-F*-/'('0%'p4-T)@A$I-Q<'-0%
-R@%+(*3*4K%c*
M'5)*+!,N)?N!,)@I!EJ1EKL"B@C")DE
)*+%,--Z@*O$b'(OFO'(*X'-h/-bQ<'q
r$b'(OFOQ*1'-h'(6K-F-.l4.s%%+(*3*%)5'(4N*6*X'1OP
Q*+'G/EA7')K'(Q/]-'@/CK6/c'Ck'A]'(CK6/c'OF%%)*j'
)5'(67-28HOsOQ*1'-h'(AY-ZQ@S'%h--bQ<'6KQ*1'-h'(
-PA:*HQ*1'-h'(D/E%94CKQ*1'-h'(D/ECk%
r$b'(OFO2*X/S'6K-F-.l4.s%%+(*3*%)5'(2i-c6kO%F-
Q*1%'@/H5t-;c'(Ck'A]'(H5t-;c'(OF%%)*j'H5t-Ck'A]'(CKOF%
%)*j'%l5-/;u;sO;f'
rsO2*X/S'-Z@*S'%h--bQ<'6K2*X/S'D/ECk%CK2*X/S'
D/E%94
= O'PE/@Q-!,)@I!EJ1EKL"B@C")DE
)*+%,-6K4]%%)5'(-F-S'%F*v%h-.Y]*)@AB*;5<'(%+;>
%-'H6K4]%Q]Ok'-R@;*+'%)W-%$I'(%V'(H@fW2&?
&)!13A4@E:
iOF%%)*j'-R@-F-%$%$&'(%)*+%,-Q7G/EA7'Q&*2iOF%%)*j'
-R@'J'2<'./0%Ck%-0%CKO<*Oo%/]-CK52iOF%%)*j'-R@-/]-A0/
%)@'(*@*-0O%)5'(.Y]*2T8L5U4;
A/V3/5@E:A&
/ECkEH215!>/b4L&!'21gLJ
8:L3/(c1U!13A4@E:w&*6xH%)*+%,-6/c'
-Z'*J/4N*6*X'1H2i(*@56$/%$%$&'(;F-'@/
)5'(4]%O:4C*;c'((*@'H%B*(*@''0%A7'H2i(*@56$/AZC$I%
)@;y*2i)K'(Q/]-%)i-%*+O-R@AB*2N'(Ck%-0%-R@.Y]*'$-F-C0'AJ
6*X'G/@'A+'q(/L'(N-'k'%h--R@%)*+%,-z(/L'(N-.Y]*-R@%)*+%
,
!"#".
,-zc(*-']*%:*-R@-F-;/E'$3'(CK1%N'(%)*+%,-m_/ECk%HD/E
%94HQ*1'-h'(H2*X/S'nzN*G/@'1(*M@%)*+%,-C3*-F-;5@,-HC3*
-F-%$%$&'(;F-
Q:e(2L52/BP?q,3eh
r<*%j*1'A$I-4]%2i*j/Q*+%'0%A7'm'+/;c'('Z*6K2i*j/Q*+%
/EX'%94nCJ%+(*3*,3&hr<*%y){A$I-%F*A]HK'C*H-F--$
.8Hh'(.8HAN*.8-R@-5''($B*C3*%+(*3*
2347856559
:;
F G@"*H!,!,)@I!EJ1EKLRSE)$T"*"*.!,@A"L-
w0%-h4c';5@,-'K5-|'(O<*.F-A7'A$I-AN*%$I'(CKO:4C*
'(*X'-h/)*X'(-R@4S'
*1%@4H%)5'(67-28D54N*G/@'1;}'(;f%(*M@-F-'(K'
}'H8H)*+%4K)0%;ZO9'A7')@'(*3*(*M@-W'(k4-f'($B*%@
-~'%0E-W'(%N'('0%C3*'@/Q&*eA:5g
)5'(2i%N'('0%AZH-V'O<*%0E)p'(%)*+%,-6K-N%6{*-R@eA:5
,-gHC}'6KO$b'(-94Aj-/EX'-&eA:5gH6KO$b'(%*1'Aj%)/EJ'QF
eA:5gH-~'28,-6K6d'Ci-D`'(2i;*1'Aj-h'(4*'-5eA:5g:5&
A9E;c'(A$I-AL'('0%'ZC3*:55HA:5rk%@EA:5Y5H4KA:5
A$I-AJ-0OA+'-RE+/C3*%$-F-6KeA:5'($B*g
Z2i(V'(|*(*M@67-28%$%$&'(CK67-28%)*+%,-H'$'(@*4c'
'KE;c'(O<*6K4]%q)*+%,-6K%/]-CJ%$%$&'(H'$'(-~''*J/%$
%$&'(;c'(6K%$%$&'(%)*+%,-
*1'-Z'*J/v;*+';F-'@/CJ4c',-e7-28%$%$&'(*1%
@4gZv;*+'-5*A9E6K4c'67-28%)*+%,-H-Zv;*+'-5*A9E6K4c'67-
28%$%$&'(|'(-Zv;*+'-5*A9E6K4c'67-28v%h-1
W'(%@-V'.F-A7'4c',-'KE;c'(O<*6K4c'67-28%$%$&'(
'Z*-/'(H-|'(;c'(O<*6K4c'67-28-R@-F-%$%$&'(%)5'(v%h-1
9<?/BL525:6cB4JL5L&!'215;
(()J+31U(()2=
*1%@4%)5'(67-28H%/E%)*+%,-;c'(OF%%)*j'H'$'(AY-Z%$
%$&'(%)*+%,--R@4S'
}4#•€#H%)5'((7G/E+%-R@w]-f'%)7CJ-f'2F-;5@,-CK
;•%/k%AY-T)@O<*qe(*X'-h/67-28%$%$&'(%)*+%,--R@D9'%]-CK
2i%U'(6I*-R@%$%$&'(%)*+%,-F-X'*'&*1%@4g
#
9( e4L&!'(()*+,(13?/B
P1AX!hX2(()22;(
#
kO#K./0%Q<'?#••[)#[
/
!"#".
()8&^@E:OJ;c1U2=h-6K'M'(']*D/'(.5@E
G/@'-F*%)o-%)*+%,-CK%j*1'6X'-F-4h-A]OF%%)*j'-R@%)*+%,-*1%
@4($B*'(*X'-h/O<*6i@-,'60E4]%%)5'(2NAZ
V'%0E)p'(H*1%@4&CK5(*M@\']CK)/'(^/N-6K@*'c*
%)*+%,--R@'9'65:*H'0%A7'O<*-7/<'$&'(%$%$&'(%)*+%,--R@
@*G/N-(*@AZ
t%;F-H67-28*1%@46K4]%G/N-(*@C}'4*'`'(-$B'(-W'(
%@O<*-Z4]%%)S'A]6v6/k'H4]%%$D/E;F*G/F%'(@'(%V4C3*4‚*%B*
A:*
Z'M'('(/EX''9'-RG/@'CK;F-G/@')*X'(H'$'()0%%*+--5
A+''@E67-28-$@AW-;+%%$D/E6v6/k'-R@*1%@4%K''M'(1
%N'(%)*+%,-
$'(O<*%0E)p'('M'(6v6/k'&4h-A];F*G/F%H'M'(6v6/k'
(*MC@*%)~%+(*3*G/@'-/'(CKO$b'(OFO6/k'-5-F-6d'Ci-5:%
A]'(%*'%V'CK5:%A]'(%i-%*a'Di'('$3-CK(*M'$3-AYS'%K'CK
OF%%)*j'M'(%$D/EAZ-$@A:%%3*%)S'A]%$D/E%)*+%,-%i-%oH
'$'(AYC$I%G/@(*@*A5:'%*J'%)*+%,-Z-$@6K%)*+%,-%/V'%/vH
'$'('ZAYAJ-kOA+'4]%2NC0'AJ-R@Q<'%9'%)*+%,-AZ'Z;c'(
-~'6K%$%$&'(-/'(-/'('M@4K'ZAY6K%$%$&'(%)*+%,-
*CK5-o%jq*1%@4-$@./0%*1'-F-;F*'*14eCk%-0%gHe%*'
%V'gH%$D/EgHe%L'%:*gHeQ*1'-h'(gHe2*X/S'g'$O$b'(9EH'$'(6:*
-Z-F-O:4%)`CK-F-C0'AJ%$b'(A$b'(qe%)B*'($B*gHeS'%V'gHe%94
Ck%gHeM/CcgHƒ6v;fg :1X1AXcB42ze%d'A]'(gH
e%$B'(Q*+'gHeOFO-PmQU%-$3--PngHeOFO%*X'C$b'(mQU%-$3-C/@AB*
%)$3-ngHe%/k'6x%)B*H%/k'6~'('($B*g:1X/(c//(6?z-Z-F-
G/@''*14CJA$B'(6N*%)7'$3-HCJ%)765:'HCJ%K'Q:*HCJG/@'1C/@D9'
:1X21X@E:z-ZG/@''*14CJQ<'-0%-5''($B*HCJA:56K4
'($B*HCJ.9EDi'(-5''($B*HCJ-/„'4i-A:5Ah--5''($B*:1X
21X(
Z-|'(-f'6KAN*%$I'(CKO:4C*'(*X'-h/-R@4c'7-28%$
%$&'(*1%@44K;c'(%j'V4'ZC3*AN*%$I'(CKO:4C*'(*X'-h/
-R@f'%)7,-H/k%,-H}',-@E8,-
M 5)*+!,N)?N!,)@I!EJ1EKLRSE)$T"*"*.!,@A"L-
r$b'(OFO'(*X'-h/./EX'2/N%6KOsOQ*1'-h'(D/ECk%w&*
OsOQ*1'-h'(D/ECk%6KO$b'(OFO6/k';5@,-'0%H'Z-Z'*J/;<
'}'((*<*G/E+%4]%-F-IO6v'0%'M'(C0'AJD5Q]4c'67-28%)*+%,-
At%)@T%)X'-b2&-R@-R'(d@D/ECk%Q*1'-h'(%S43*-ZA*J/;*1'
6K42F'(%y-F-C0'AJq*1'%$I'(%$%$&'(H%)K56$/%$%$&'(H-F'9''K%$
%$&'(H43*-Z;<'}'((*<*%f-%N%-F-4N*G/@'1q$D/ECK%L'%:*H
1
!"#".
6c(f-CK67-28H-F'9'CK.Y]*H;+%=@CK2F'(%:5H-F*Q<'A7@CK-F*'(5:*
6@*H43*-Z%)*j'C,'(%)S'QKE67-28%$%$&'('$4]%G/F%)S'OF%%)*j'
IOG/E6/k%
R'(d@D/ECk%Q*1'-h'(AY(*WO-F-'K;5@,-%:5'X'4c
S'H'M'(D:'(%h-4…/4i--5C*1-'(*X'-h/67-28%)*+%,--9/†/
$'('+/FODo'('(/EX'.*'ZCK5'(*X'-h/67-28%)*+%,-O$b'(
c'(CKAt-Q*1%6K67-28%$%$&'(*1%@4%S6:*6K4]%C*1-6K4($I'(sOH
%k4-f6K4]%C*1-6K42@*6V46K4'(‡5'K'%$%$&'(D9'%]-
cS'CKD:'(%h-'(*X'-h/67-28%$%$&'(*1%@4O<*6K
'(*X'-h/-F-C0'AJCJ%)*+%,-.Y]*HCJA$B'(6N*%)7'$3-HCJA:56K4
'($B*H4K;c'('X'%)S'QKE67-28%$%$&'(*1%@4-|'(%l5-F-C0'
AJQ<'%j6/k'H'k'%h-6/k'H-|'(%kO%)/'(CK5-F-%)$B'(OF*D/ECk%H
D/E%94H;*''(*14HCC
@4(*F56K4]%%)5'('M'('(/L'(N--R@%$%$&'(%)*+%,-*1%
@4$'(;c'(%jCS67-28%$%$&'(*1%@4e60E(N-%=%@4(*F5gH
eCk'Do'(%@4(*F5gH4K6:*A*%)S'QKE67-28%$%$&'(D9'%]-'$6K67-28
OF%%)*j'-R@%@4(*F5I"W2*+,?(/bS?
4(5i()5:+1;O(JA
2*CkEH%)5'('M'(%)$B'(IO-Z%j-V'%kO%)/'(%)S'QKE
'M'(;F*'*14%)*+%,-5t--Z%f'%)*+%,-%)5'(67-28%$%$&'(D9'%]-
M'(;F*'*14%)B*'($B*H%94Ck%H%)765:'H'9''(d@HO<*-ZC@*%)~'P*
Qk%
)5'('(*X'-h/67-28%$%$&'(*1%@4;*(tO'M'(;F*'*14H
O:4%)`-`'(65:*5t--Z'(/L'(N-.@.$@%=-F-;F*'*14HO:4%)`-R@
67-28%)*+%,-)/'(^/N-@E\']H%SO<*252F'Aj%0EA$I-2i;F-
Q*1%H2iOF%%)*j'25C3*(N--R@'ZH25C3*'($B*Q:'AL'(%c'(-R@'Z&-F-
1%N'(;*@
/E'*X'H;c'(%j6W-'K5-|'(%)/ECJ'(/L'H-|'(252F'I(c
//2 e/BL5!!5L5/<8r<*
O9'%f-43*%0EA$I-v'(d@-R@-F-;F*'*140ECK(*F%)7-R@'M'(']*
D/'(0Eˆ‰'(l'C*+%qe=D9'%]-'KE2@'(D9'%]-;F-H%=%B*A:*'KE
2@'(%B*A:*;F-H'M'(G/@''*14CJ%*1'CKF-AYQ*+'AP*A+'4h--W'(
%$B'(%)F*'($I-Š''@/g
!
K4]%4c';5@,-H67-28%$%$&'(*1%@4-T-Z%j'X/6X'4]%
EX/-V/G/F'./E+'6K%)S'QKE2iOF%%)*j'-R@%$%$&'(O`IOC3*G/E
6/k%HG/E6/k%%F-A]'(G/@6:*(*M@%L'%:*CKv%h-HG/E6/k%OF%%)*j'-R@%i
Q<'%9'%$%$&'(+/G/<6K-Z4]%D~'(%$%$&'(-RA:5%S'ZO<*6K;+%
G/<%)<*G/@'(*X'-h/-h;c'(6KA7'AJ-Z2‹'
!
F-Œ'((l'/Ej'%kOkOK./0%Q<'ik%K]*#•€[)#[•AD%)@'(!€
<
!"#".
/]-A0/%)@'%)5'(67-28%$%$&'(*1%@4./'(G/@'C0'AJ-b
Q<'-R@%)*+%,-6K;c'(%)i-D*1'H;c'(){$'('+/4/N'%)F'2i%)S'
QKE4]%-*J/HAb'A*1/H;c'(O`IOC3*%i-%+CKO<*6K4){'M'((*F
%)7%$%$&'(-R@67-28%$%$&'(*1%@4%SO<*%)S'QKECKO9'%f-'Z
%c'(G/@-F-4t%AN*6kOCK%0E)p'(qF-G/@'A*j4;F-G/@'HD/ECk%
Q*1'-h'(HCc%V'HD9'-RCKA]-6kO%$B'(6K%*+'('Z*-R@-F-6i-6$I'(
%f--i-%)5'(67-28H-~'-F-G/@'A*j4-RG/@'HD/E%94H2*X/S'HM/
%V'H-/EX'-+CK61%/]-%$B'(6K%*+'('Z*-R@-F-6i-6$I'(%*X/-i-
%)5'(67-28
r9';u6K4]%C0'AJG/@'%),'(-Zv'(d@O$b'(OFO6/k'%)5'(
%563'%)5'('(*X'-h/67-28%$%$&'(*1%@49E-|'(-f'6KC0'AJ
*1'A@'(A$I--F-'K%$%$&'(G/@'%94CK-Z'*J/v;*+';F-'@/@-Z
%jO9';u67-28%l5-F-%)*J/A:*H-F-%+;>H-F-2i;*1'-f'%)7.Y]*H
-F-S'%F*;*'%+.Y]*H'$'(IO6vb'-<6KO9';u%l5S'%F*
;*'%+.Y]*
$'(67-28*1%@4%)$3-F-4:'(F'(F4#••Ž;c'(./0%
*1'-F--/]--F-4:'(.Y]*H-f'CkE4KC*1-O9';u67-28*1%@4
-V'O<*;+%IO-F-4N-6KS'%F*;*'%+.Y]*C3*-F-4N-6K2i;*1'
-f'%)7.Y]*63'-R@67-28*1%@4
PE/@Q-!,)@I!EJ1EKLRSE)$T"*"*.!,@A"L-
V'O<*.F-A7'){)p'(q$%$&'(%)*+%,-*1%@4D`A$I-S'
%K'%)X'-b2&Q<'A7@@EA$I-;+%=@%='(5K*CK5H%0%-<AJ/%)<*G/@4]%
G/F%)S'Ck'A]'(CKOF%%)*j'&*1%@4HAJ/Q7%i-%*a'*1%@4-*
ON*'X''Z-Z'M'('s%At-%)$'(H;F-Q*1%
R'(d@EX/'$3-6KAt-%)$'(-bQ<''0%-R@67-28%$%$&'(%)*+%
,-*1%@4A9E;c'(.s%-R'(d@EX/'$3-%)X'O$b'(D*1'%S'
-<4H%94%)@'(H%946v@E-/„'4i-A:5Ah-H*1'%$I'(A:5Ah-HK'C*
A:5Ah-4K@f4j? (U /(c6+LaL3h-O<*.s%'Z
%)X'O$b'(D*1'%$%$&'(-f'%)7.Y]*5t-G/@'A*j4%)*+%,-CJ.Y]*
R'(d@EX/'$3-O<*A$I-AJ-kOA+'C3*%$-F-6K4]%1%N'('M'(
6v6/k'H'M'(G/@'A*j4CJAF'(*t-(*M'$3-CKOF%%)*j'A0%'$3-
7-28%+(*3*-5%0E-Z'*J/D9'%]--Z-R'(d@EX/'$3--R@
4S'H'$'(f%%0E-ZD9'%]-'K5;F--Z-R'(d@EX/'$3-'$D9'%]-
*1%@4A$I-.s%A+'&%0%-<-F-O$b'(D*1'qae+1Xk
1X:P1X6<:l;3e1X(+//
AB/J6<:1X:L>15B65L"LEm15
@<?6>A(U1X+;6<:156<:
J;+%-0/-R@%$%$&'(H%+(*3*G/@'-R@%)*+%,-*1%@46K%+
(*3*G/@'Oh-IOH6K4]%%j;+%IO-R@5rk%Y5
2
!"#".
J;/E'$3'(-R@%$D/EH%+(*3*G/@'%)*+%,-*1%@4V1X
1AX@E:15<!H4Kf%G/@'%94A+'C0'AJ%i'*X'CK-F-S'
%h-%$D/E-R@-5''($B*
Z2@<?6>LaLn8&^@E:15L<LaH4Kf%QK'
A+'G/@'1;F-%jCK-R%j(*M@-F-%K'OV'-R@%$%$y'(AjS'
%K''k'%h-6/k'CK6c(f-,-
Z 1X60"L5(c 6K-/'(-0O-5-5''($B*
'M'('k'%h-43*CJ%+(*3*;F-G/@'QX''(5K*-|'('$%+(*3*']*
%94
Z(@A/o;&XJ!pc6K%=2iOF%%)*j'-R@
%i-%+;F-G/@'Aj;F*G/F%6X'%K'-F-'(/EX'6v;F-%)$3-6K4-b2&
-56/k'-h'(
$b'(h'(C3*eO$b'(%h-2<'./0%;*j/-9/g-R@*1%@46K
U/0E+(*3*G/@''KE6KO<'F'-R@%i-%):'(O$b'(
%h-2<'./0%6K4-5-c'(%$b'('(*1O;c'(OF%%)*j'H;5@,-%i'*X'
;c'(./0%*1'H%V'(63O%)f%h-%iD5;c'(%j)@AB*-R@67-28O5'(;*+'
*1%@4
JG/F%)S'OF%%)*j'H%+(*3*G/@'%)*+%,-*1%@4%)5'(O:4%)`
-R@-R'(d@O5'(;*+'%/E-ZOF%%)*j' '$'(%)5'(%):'(%F*;R'(
5<'(;s5DK*qW-AV/6K'M'(v'*14%c2b-0%OF--R@-5''($B*Q<'
A7@CJ%+(*3*G/@'CK'9'2*'G/@'HCJ2@/6K2iD/'kO%='(5K*CK5'$
5Hrk%HY5CK2@/-`'(6K2i%)$&'(%K'-R@-+A]O5'(;*+'*1%
@4
+(*3*G/@''KEQ@'AV/AFOh'(A$I-EX/-V/-R@-c'(-/]-Di'(
'$3-CK(*M'$3--R@*1%@4$'(-Š'(Q@569/'Z%)&'X'6W'(%W'(
%)$3-'M'(%@EAP*-R@-F-C0'AJ;*'%+.Y]*CK-f'%)7.Y]*-R@A0%
'$3-%=%+;>?%)&A*
iQ+%U--/<%+(*3*G/@'Q*j/*1'%)5'(C*1-At%6:*C0'AJ%l5A:5
'KE@E%l5A:5;*@H@E;+%IO-<Q@A:5Aj%)7'$3-H2iOo-L*;U-
'(*1%-R@5(*F5&%)*J/(/Ea'CCiQ+%U-AZ-|'(%j*1'%)5'(%F*
A]-R@'9'D9'AN*C3*1%$%$&'(%N'(%)7-R@.Y]*m2iA<;f--94Q*+4
-R@'9'D9'AN*C3*4]%2N(*F5A*J/-R@5(*F55t-rk%(*F5n
Y*-/N*%+;>??H*1%@443*-Z(/Ea')$B'(]D5A$I-%*+O
.W-C3*%+(*3*G/@'%$Q<'-R'(d@H'X'%)5'(-F-A*J/%)V'-R@4S'AY6X'
%*+'(OXOF'%+(*3*G/@'O5'(;*+'
L*AV/%+;>??HC3*O5'(%)K5c'(;*''(d@%o-&K]*%@
43*-Z2iOXOF'%)/EJ'%N'(%$%$&'(-|C3*4h-A]%kO%)/'(CK29/2U-
b'H'$'(C…'-$@OFC•A$I-%$%$&'(O5'(;*+'Q<5%RH%)S%)1
Y*A+';*(*@*-0O-c'('9'*1%@4%)&%K''($B*A:*D*1'-5
A0%'$3-CK%)/EJ'QF-R'(d@F-X'*'H%S%+(*3*G/@'O5'(;*+'43*
!"#".
Q765:*%)=H%+(*3*G/@'43*;5@,-CK-F-4:'(43*A$I-.9EDi'(CK
OF%%)*j'&*1%@4
)*+!,=U
V6
_0/*1/'($B*'(/EX'%RE-Z'*J/&'W*,H'W*/c'(%/]-^/<'(
•X'H@'Z@}'Z@'($B*'(/EX'%RE-~'(,*6KC}'Z@~@wS'H
*1'-W'(%@AY%S4A$I-b'#!"C}'Z@b'Cd'(5K*%)B*CK%)5'(@'(
A]'(H%kO%)/'('*J/'0%&@*9/H~@wS'm##•D*%f-n-~'6:*6K)<*)F-
&@'Z@HwS')7*X'
J'C}'Z@'KE;s5DK*-F-'(KE'@E;5<'(%=‘"""#!"""'}4
h-%=-/N*%B*;uALAF(*M@mF-'(KE'@E;5<'(#""""'}4nA+'(*M@
%B*;uALAF43*mF-'(KE'@E;5<'(Ž"""'}4n
/N*%B*ALAF43*H-F-A9E%)X'Ž"""'}4H-5''($B*AY2N'(;UO
%)X'6Y'%P*1%@4}'Z@;FAb'(*<'H43*-T6K2iS'%K'65:*
'c'(67-2b;@*($B**1%-PA:*)0%%*'&%+(*3*QX';*@C3*4]%%+(*3*
QX';*@-|'(6K%+(*3*'c'('(*1O($B**1%-PA:*%c'%B-F-2h-4:'
%i'*X''$4$@H(*ZH'U'($@H(*ZH4t%%)B*6K-F-C7%V'G/@'%),'('0%
%)5'(AB*2N'(%*'%V''($B**1%-PA:*
)*+!,FU
WXY&Z[\
B1!,]1GE @A"L-
5qro-EHV'c'(H5K'(
+z ,&h $B'(H(/z "q:H
$b'(H/m••‘‘%-'!•‘%-'n
P_5C](c*(c
%"%q<15R1
WrRHF^GRs=
S!•’%-'!"‘%-' 0!Ž‘%-'!"€%-'
t5?8oRHFR=
B*;uL'(wK'(H}'@'(H%=!€‘•%-'A+'!Ž€%-'9E6K%B*;u
Q/P*AV/Di'('$3-=B*;u'KE-F-A9E%=b'!"""'}4A+'Ž"""'}4H
(,*6KC}'Z@c'(b'
9E6K%B*;uS'%K'-N%6{*AV/%*X'-R@D9'%]-*1%@47-28
*1%@4C3*-F-%)*J/A:*L'(wK'(H*'_$b'($b'(H:-5'(^/9'
CK#€AB*C/@`'(=
!"#".
$%$&'(*1%@4G/@-F-%)/EJ'%/E+%6K)0%Ab'(*<'H-RE+/C…'6K
C}'Z@'c'('(*1O2b;@*C3*-F-E+/%N%946*'%*'&%+(*3*QX';*@2/'(
%W-H:'OW-
=!Ž‘%-'!"€%-'m'$3-†/:-C3*%B*Ko-!Ž‘%-'!"€%-'H
'_$b'($b'(C3*-*+-'y%V'nH*1%@4AY6K4]%G/N-(*@%N'('0%
QJ'CM'(
W-'KE-F-Q]6:-G/E%o%K'G/N-(*@}'Z@6K'(A$I-S'%K'
}'Z@6W@'$3-H%RE6I*6K's%%*X/Q*j/-R@C}'Z@D9'%]-q/E1'A“
%)}4%)h'(H/E1'A“A0%A“'$3-H/E1'-t%-9E/L'(H/E1'c'(
*Z'(Hb'*'RE*'H:-@'vc'(
*@*A5:''KEAL2U%AY./0%*1'f''($•'(-Z2i<'$&'(63'-R@
%f''($•'()/'(^/N-qN6/k'H†4_$b'(H(|K'
*@*A5:''KE'$3-}'@'(Q$3-CK5%+;>%-'C3*'M'(%)*J/
A:*-/N*-`'(-R@`'($b'(o-rF'AF'AP%)*J/`'(Di'('X''$3-
†/:-H%i.$'(6K'_$b'($b'(HDB*Ac%=4*J'94@5Hw:-:-
d'rWCJP5@K]*
$3-†/:-)@AB*6K2i;+%o-CKOF%%)*j'%)X'4]%4h-A]-@5b'
G/N-(*@*1%@4AV/%*X''$3-}'@'(%)X'-b2&v%h-D9'%]-AY
A$I-'9'(-@5
0%*1%O$b'(@4%B*AZ-N'(.946$I-6K4]%'/-V/-0OQF-H
2i%L'%:*)*X'(6“-R@@*Q]%]-}'@'(CK:-*1%6K;c'(AR2h-h'(
OZC3*;“%`
,(Uu%"P4?X_O:15_O:5??
EXLSv?L!>@<L(45S15;:@<L(S
4+95EJL ae6<:ae>4V;(U
46<:*+,
?Y]*†/:--|'('$.Y]*}'@'(AJ/6K.Y]*C}'4*''c'(
'(*1O%f'-0%-c'(.Y'c'(%c'-~';F4:'
9E-|'(6K%B*;u-o-D*1'O$b'(wU-A@'(-/Ej'Q*+'B**+'
^/N-m•€#!!#%-'n-04Dh%H'KV'AY%N'('0%)/'(^/N-C3*%$%$&'(
eQS'%*X':gH-R'(d@QK'%)$3'(QU%AV/A„E4:'CKOF%G/9'.94
6$I-CJO$b'(@4
Ko-m!Ž‘%-'!"€%-'nPG/N-*1%@4.$@AY%N'('0%%=
4|*K@/A+'A7@AV/Z'(F*
)*+!,MUW^
_`5Za_
B1!,]1GE @A"L-
<?!"’%-'!Ž2-' + !"€%-'###%-'l_O:LS
!"#".
eA###%-'[•2-'
9 !Ž2-'!!"z q
(oEHo-H(c!!"!’Žz <?15
9A!’Ž•!"
C)j_5(•"•!l_O
:LSe•[Ž••H%)5'(%B*;u
'KE-Z;&*'(d@-R@wK)*1/!•€
,XrX%(cSn
•!"Ž€•z_OXr_O,0?<?
,0? _O7 9 ,0? _O
Xn[€’Ž€#
X%ar%a_8s Ž••Ž•€z +*+
*(c r+ q I0s Ž••Ž‘"z
3%aŽ‘#’"[1U(U*"D<=
W?Ž€#’#€9(’#€•"‘ _O:LSe ’"[•[€ %)5'(
%B*;u'KE-Z;&*'(d@-R@@*U-
+ ‘!!H r`'( $'( mwN F* :*
$b'(n‘•#
b@!c"deRSE)$T
@G/l'(,*A9E6K%B*;uwU-%/]-B*;u'KE;s5DK*%=)*1/K
.946$I-'$3-%@-5A+'%+;>?2-'*X'Q*j/*1%@4%B*;u'KE'$
2@/q
}4!"‘%-'H)*1/K-$3O'(c*'_$b'($b'(AP*'$3-†/:-
%K'@*G/k'*@5TCK8/9'%/]-'$3-@4*1%mw@5(L4^/<'(
c'(H^/<'(9ECK'@4^/<'(9/)/'(^/N-'(KE'@En
K)*1/m%=!"‘%-'###%-'n6W-'KE-T-~'6Y'%P%=@'Z@
%)&)@%/]-'$3-@4*1%
}4###%-'HKF'.946$I-@4*1%H6:*AP*†/:-%K'-9/
*@59/;s5DK*A+'•[€2-'*@*A5:''KE-Z)0%'*J/-/]-;&*'(d@-R@
'9'D9'%@-N'(6:*2i%N'(%)7-R@(*t-O$b'(wU-
B*;u'KE-Z-F--/]-;&*'(d@63'q@*wK)$'(m•"•[nzwK
)*1/m!•€nz*J'vmvwfŽ••A+'Ž•€nCK)*1/*1%$b'(m)*1/^/@'(
ro-Ž••A+'Ž‘"nH)L*k/vmŽ‘#A+'’"[n'$3-%@-Z%X'6K:'?/9'z@*
U-+m‘!!nzr`'($'(m‘•#n
)*1/K.946$I-†/:--*@†/:-%K'@*G/k'*@5TCK8/
9'%/]-$3-@4*1%}4###%-''KF'.946$I-@4*1%6:*AP*
†/:-%K'-9/*@5T-ZG/@'Ah'(AV/6K%h28CKD$3*A$I--*@
%K'Q<EG/k'-ZG/@'Ah'(AV/6K%F*%W†/:-%=4]%'$3-%iD5A]-6kO
%)&%K''$3-Oo%/]-CK'c61-R@-F--9/G/k'A+G/N-'KF'
B*;u'KE;s5DK*###‘'}49E6K%B*;uAVE4F/CK'$3-4U%H
'$'(-|'(6K%B*;uQ*j/*1'2h-G/k%;&*-|'('$2iC$b'6X';uD*1/
-R@D9'%]-*1%@4*b2L5t_O:5/B2
L5tA5:L3/6<:
!"#".
FPE/@Q-"*"*.!,@A"L-")f@gh/i1"BL!),@b!)/jERkN
lm!"jEU
K4]%-]'(AL'('($B**1%-Z-RG/EJ'z
c';f'HQ*+%b'%P%*X'zc';f'CK%/9'%R-F-%R6d'z5*%),'(
C@*%)~-R@Oo'M%)5'(.Y]*z
J-5*%),'(C@*%)~-R@Oo'M%B*;u'KEH4*'-h'(%*X/Q*j/6K
;&*'(d@-R@@*wK)$'(q
`@./9''}4•"H@*wK)$'(AYO0%-B;&*'(d@B*7-%*X'(
6*X'(eJ''I'$3-H%)<%`'KgAY'k'A$I-2i$&'(h'(-R@-F-:-V/H
:-%$3'(H-R@'M'('($B*EX/'$3-&;UO-F-%7G/k'CKAc'(A<56i-
6$I'(6KOo'M%@4(*@;&*'(d@mQK@'*1'm4”-R@@*wK)$'(nHQK
X9'm<*r~'(nHQKwF%K'mF*wS'nHQKX75@m@'Z@nHQK
F'*1'mKwU-n•n–-f;*X'-$B'(CK6~'(EX/'$3--R@@*wKAY
A$I-AW-;+%6:*Qp'('M'(CV'%bQ0%Rq
e]%.*')8@2:-'$3-%`
@*.*'Al46:*'(*1O.$@,`'(
w@;“55@'h-6~'(-L'(
wN'.*'C“'C”'2&-c'(6X''KEg
/]-;&*'(d@-R@@*wK)$'(AY6@')]'(;UO'b*)5'(4]%%B*
(*@''(U'HD$3*2i6Y'A:5%K*%S'-R@@*wKH'(d@G/9'AYAkO%@'-f'
G/EJ'Ac]X'%$3'(Ac]6Kc7'O<*-<*%)@'(Qp'(-F--U%%Z-H-:5
)9/%S4A$B'(%„/%5F%CJ'$3-
wK)$'()U-A$I--F-%$3'(6d'CK'9'D9'2/E%c'6K4C/@wK6X'
'(c*CK60E'*X'*1/6K)$'(M$b'(zAZ'(Ac&X*'m/E1'X*'
—%T'd'rW-'(KE'@En
}4•!H'KF'6:*;s5G/9'2@'(.946$I-'$3-%@@*wK6:*4]%
6V''M@)@G/9'HO0%-B;&*'(d@/]-;&*'(d@6V''KE-T;s5DK*A$I-
!'}4_5%+CK6i--R@%@CKA7--X'61-G/F63'H@*wKAYD|'(-<4
-*+'A0/CKE2*'@'D|'(Aj(*M%)~';f%*+%-R@4S'HQ<5C1A0%'$3-H
Q<5C1D9'%]-
t-D`-T(*K'A]-6kO%)5'(%B*(*@''(U''$'(%U'(6I*-R@-/]-
;&*'(d@@*wK)$'(6K4]%Q<'@'`'(-@Q0%D*1%H%j*1'v-fA]-
6kOH%i-RCK%*'%V'D9'%]--@5-</]-;&*'(d@@*wK)$'(-~'6K
4]%4*'-h'(-52h-4:'63'6@5H;<'}'(DL*DK5-R@'($B*Oo'M
!"#".
*1%@4%)5'(-c'(-/]-.9EDi'(CKQ<5C1PG/N-)@'(285@'6*1%'KE
2x4Y*4Y*A$I-6$/%)/EJ'-54/c'AB*-5'-F/4@*2@/
/]-A0/%)@'-N'(F'Z@D*a')@;F(@E(U%
/E'*X'-Z%j%0E4]%2N's%)*X'(Q*1%;F--R@G/F%)S'F'5F
AN*C3**1%@46W-0E'$2@/q&%+;>%$%$&'(rk%(*F5'P*6X'K'(
AV/H%=%+;>A+'%+;>?6K2i<'$&'('(KE-K'()]'(H-K'(29/-R@
5(*F5%)5'(AB*2N'(.Y]**1%@4)5'(AZH%=%+;>A+'%+;>
6KF'5H?6KN'(5C3*%+%@4(*F55rk%Y5H4K-RE+/
C…'6K5CKrk%(*MA7@C7%$%$&'(A]-%c'%)5'(%$%$&'(D9'%]-*1%
˜9/%/…'-bQ<'-R@D9'%]-*1%@46W-'KE6Kq]%QX'6K'9'
D9'*1%@4EX/'$3--}4%`(*t-z]%QX'6KA+G/N-F'C3*Q‡6|%@E
2@*9/%/…''KED*a'Q*+';*%S5K5Y'H;*%S./0%*1'-o-D*1'QS'
P'%:4%B*S''$4]%QX'-R@49/%/…'40%A*CKQX';*@%U'(%+60'
6$3%'$'(A*J/;*1'Aj(*<*G/E+%49/%/…'C…'-$@AR9E-|'(6K49/
%/…'(*M@4]%'$3-'y%/E(*K/6~'(EX/'$3-CK-f-}4%`(*t-'$'(-$
D9'f%b';c'(Da(S-Z%j'@'-Z'(%:5A$I-2i-/Ej'5FAj-Z%j
%U'(A$I-4]%'$3-63'b'C3*2ND9'CKA0%A@*-R@,(0O'*J/6V'*1%
@4m5D`-Z6W-,Q7-*@Ac*-*@Q@6i-6$I'(-Z;s42W%A*q@4G/N-
!!"!€"z@4wU-%)*J/•!"Ž€•n
˜9/%/…''KE4]%4t%65:*%)='(/L'(N-CKA]'(6i--R@.Y]*}'
@'(†/:--|H4t%;F-6K4'<E2*''(/L'(N-CKA]'(6i-43*]%4t%
'Z-U''(@'($3'(OF%%)*j'67-28-R@.Y]*-|H4t%;F-'ZG/EA7'
'M'(-*J/$3'(OF%%)*j'43*-R@.Y]*43*]'(6i-OF%%)*j'-R@A0%
'$3-Q9E(*B;c'(-T6K']*Q]%)5'('$3-4K-RE+/-~'D5'M'('($B*
EX/'$3-QX'%)5'(CK-<'M'(;“%N'(%)7QX''(5K*f'v%h-Hv-fH
K'A]'(CS6I*f-;F-'@/-R@,6K'(/L'(N-HA]'(6i-G/EA7'$3'(
%@EAP*-R@.Y]**1%@4
˜s%;F-Q*1%25C3*(*@*A5:'%)$3--|'('$C3*-F-(*@*A5:'2@/6K
%)X'A0%*1%@4-PAYAL'(%B*D*a')@@*G/F%)S'Ck'A]'(%)F*'($I-
'@/F'5FCK-N'(F'5F
j%y@4Y'-fe%)7G/N-QS'%*X':g'($B*F'%$~'('X/-@5
;„/*1/e_d5@Q*+'_*gF-G/N-(*@./'(G/@'A+G/N-F'AJ/Q7
-W'((,*Qp'(-F*%X';*'4*1%6Keh_*g
k%)@;„/*1/%)X'-T6K-*X/QK*D`'(Aj-lAkE'M'('(/EX'
'9'%i-2iQX'%)5'(6K'p44o-Af-CbCs%HQZ-6]%-R@'($B*F'+/
-R'(d@%$Q<'%S4;*+4%/]-A7@'p4-Z%7%)$B'(;@*%F-'(/EX'6*1/H
%*X/%oK'(5FCKQZ-6]%2h-6@5A]'()“4:%H%SA+G/N-O5'(;*+''K
F'.946$I--F-'$3-;F-6:*'p4%5<4Y'2*'5:%.@5@-/<,Qp'(
C*1-QU%%/]-A7@-N'(':OhCK*'}4H%k4-f4‚*'}44]%6V'A5K'-N'(
2h-R@*@5TO<*D`'(A+'K'(%)}4'(i@Aj%L$b'(6*1/G/vHC<*47'H
,
!"#".
:%4*'-9/HC„EAL*4L*H'(,-6$/6EH6c'(-*4-<H2='(%X(*F-H'(KC5*H
5@%b4-y6@H-Z;*-<'($B*%K*Aj-N'(']O-5(*t-O$b'(wU-
/]-F'5FAV/%*X'D*a')@%)X'6d'Ci--f'%)7.Y]*W'(-Zv
%h-D*%i-4cS'%P-h--f'%)7CK2*'5:%.Y]*)/'(^/N-2@'(
*1%@4W'(QU%D9'*1%@4,-%kOH}'4t-H%P-h-AB*2N'(.Y]*
'$'($B*F'zK4)/]'(H-@'%F-%l5;•%/k%'($B*F'z_*DB*-<D9'
F'./N'(A7'-$AjDaQJ'*a45F'($B**1%
)X'6d'Ci-%$%$y'(6K2i%)/EJ'QF-F-,-%/E+%5Hrk%HY5CK5
*1%@4q
,2m-~'(,*6K*X''5@E5'(/EX'%/>nD5P'(8mŽŽ#
•‘•%-'n2F'(6kOH:'8m[‘!!€•%-'nOF%%)*j'%l5$3'(D/E%94H/9'
%8m[!Ž![€%-'nOF%%)*j'%l5$3'(D/ECk%H'Z*-/'(6K-$@%V'Qf5F
CK;U-'(*1%'ZO`IOC3*.Y]*O5'(;*+'O9'G/EJ'?/9'/*+'
^/N--R@)/'(^/N-
,D5P'(),'($m%+;>%h%-'nOF%%)*j'%l5-*J/
$3'(D/E%94%V'QfCK(*@%}'(%f'AŠ'(-0O'(*1%'(YH6K%*X/Q*j/-5%$
%$&'(-R@-+A]O5'(;*+'%)/'($b'(%kOG/EJ'-/EX'-+'KF'
?X2D$3*%B*(/™0'H@4wU-%)*J/m%;%;n6K2i;+%
IO(*M@5(*F5C3*Y5)@'(
,m-~'(,*6Kv,-nC3*@*O:4%)`-bQ<'6vCK;f6K2i;+%
IO(*M@5(*F5C3*rk%(*F5C3*-F-%)*+%(*@%*X/Q*j/6K/c'_*
m#"#‘#"‘[nH)S':5m#"[!#"€ŽnH)S'_*m#"[[##"‘nH4K%*X/Q*j/'0%
6K/Em##["#!""n
Q,m-~'(,*6K94,-n6K2iOF%%)*j'-R@5(*F5%X4D/E
%94C3*'K%$%$&'(%*X/Q*j/6K$b'(R9'm$b'(_$b'(*'#•‘!
#Ž!€n
/E-Z;F-'@/&4‚*%B*;uH'$'(5(*F5-Z-F*-/'(6K'Z
;c'(O<*6K4]%%c'(*F5H'Z-|'(;c'(6K4]%%)*+%%/E+%%)*+%,-H4K-T
6K4]%,-%/E+%CJ-f'%)7A:5Ah-.Y]*-R@(*@*-0OO5'(;*+'
R%)$b'(-R@5(*F56KD`'(h-%)7H9'%)7AjG/<'6v.Y]*
5(*F5'X/6X'4]%.Y]*6v%$&'(qe.Y]*A:*AL'(gHeC/@%F'%c**J'gH
e4,*-F*AJ/-R@-/'(gHg4,*'($B*AJ/-ZG/EJ'6I*gHe'($B*'($B*AJ/-Z
2<''(*1OgHe'($B*'($B*EX/%$b'('@/'$@'l4gHe.Y]*5K4o-gH
e'($B*'($B*AJ/A$I--}42Z-g
)X'%i-%+6v%$&'('9'A:5-R@5(*F56K6v%$&'(;c'(%$&'(H
4KQ<'-0%-R@5(*F5-T6Kq?9EDi'(v%h-%c'%E%)k%%iH%)5'(.Y]*
D$3*%/E1%AN*Oo-%`'(%)X'J%)*+%,-H5(*F56K4]%,-%/E+%D/E%94
;F-G/@'C3*-F-G/@''*14CJ)B*H^/>%V'H1'n
$%$&'('KEQ@'AV/;c'(O`IOC3*.Y]*C=@%5F%%@*%=}'
@'(†/:-C3*-+A]6:-V/H6:-%$3'(-R@*1%@49'D9'*1%@4
/
!"#".
;*AZ;c'(-V'A+'5(*F5H4K5(*F5CK5*1%@46KD5Q,'%N'(%)7
)/'(^/N-FOAt%J2@/5(*F543*6K4]%EX/-V/%0%E+/H4]%%$%$&'(
-V'O<*%*+O%o-R@.Y]*'8@%/]-A7@'8@O5'(;*+'*1%@4-/N*%B*
;u'KE5(*F5%)5'(%B*;u'KE6K-$@4:'H'$'('Z6K%$%$&'(A7'
$3'(-52iOF%%)*j'-R@.Y]**1%@4%=-/N*%+;>?%)&A*
5(*F5A+'*1%@4%=%+;>2-'o-Af--R@5(*F56KAK5
%:5'($B*6K4C*1--5-f'G/EJ'F'H%)$3-6K-5-5'l4F'%N'(%)7%:*
*1%@4H2@/6K-5-5'l4F'-:E65:'2@'(*@59/H'$'(-|'(-Z
'($B**1%%l5,-
B*'KEAY-Z-F-%)/'(%94F',-%:*/E9/H5'(w*X'H$rNH
$r5'(
B*F'*'+m’€‘ŽnAY-Z'KF',-'($B**1%'P*%*+'(6K
)$b'(),'(%='(6K4%F*%W%:*G/k'*4K')/'(^/N-z
%+;>-Zv*+'6K4]%'K5,-%='(6K4%F*%WG/k'*'
}'(%)/'(^/N-CK#ۥ#ۥ6K4%h28*@59/
%+;>-ZvV4CKwN-5'(%='(6K4G/@'&)/'((/EX'
š%+;>@*@'l4$b'(c'(roCK$b'(c'(ro-AJ/6K
%*+'2•CKAJ/6K4G/@'%:*)/'(^/N-
Z%j'Z**@59/6K4<'A0%%N%-5'*J/'K5)/'(^/N-
2@'('$b'('F/CK2F'(%F-,-%/k%
F*A]-R@'9'D9'*1%@4%@%B*0EC3*5(*F56K%=2iO<'
h'(A+'%*+O%oH%=.@6:A+'(V'(|*H%=6K-c'(-o-R@;“%`A+'-c'(-o-R@
Q<'%9'4S'*1'%$I'('KE.<E)@-K'(){&-/N*%B*;u'KE
%E^D5Y58m-`'(%B*C3*P'(%8n2F'(6kOCK)@'(8
m[’•!€’%-'nOF%%)*j'H'ZAN*6kOC3*5(*F5%)X''*J/6d'Ci-
Y5)@'(-R%)$b'(-5''($B*;c'(-V'-@'%*1OCK5.Y]*z.Y]*
;c'(-V'-@'%*1OCK5-5''($B*4K-hAj-W'(OF%%)*j'%i'*X'%l5A:5
Q<''*X'-R@'Z,%/E1%AN*5F%f'%$b'(AN*Q&*G/E6/k%-9'AN*CKO<'
Oo--R@C:'Ck%
:5'KECK5*1%@4%B*;u'KEm!"‘%-'•[€2-'n-RE+/6$/K'
%)5'('($B*F'%0%%+%)X'-5'A$B'(-f'%)7HQ7'($I-AY*AY%S4A+'
Y5)@'(Aj%i@'R*4S'Z-T6KD0/C+%-R@;/E'$3'(%iD5%i%:*H
%j*1'%)5'(-F-'K5;*X4'K%b*1%@4-7/<'$&'(-R@@4
5@;*'/N*%B*;u'KEH;*%*J'%c'()/'(^/N-%)/EJ'2@'(*1%@4
%SY5)@'(43*<'$&'(){)1%A+'-F-'K%/K'*1%@4
9"6K%c'(*F5-R@)/'(^/N-;c'(6*X'G/@'A+'Y5)@'(
4KDi@4]%-F-S'%h-CK5:5-R@Y58CK%B5K'(+Y58
m%V'%F'5FY58n:5'KE<'$&'(){)1%&*1%@4%)5'((*@*A5:'
'KEZ(L4@*OF*qOF*O`%/>m-M@Q1'nHOF*%V'%*X'm6/E1'A@'n
:5'KEA$I-'*J/'($B**1%@4%*'%l5D5'ZO`IOC3*%f''($•'(
1
!"#".
D9'(*@'*1%@4HCK'ZQP2/'(%f'A*J/-5%f''($•'(D9'(*@'*1%@4
-$@-Z
9"I3mw/DD@@n-Z'(/L'(N-%=\']-PA:*H'($B*2F'(6kO6@
*DD@)@%@@/.%@4@mŽ’[•€[%-'nH%)/EJ'A+')/'(^/N-;5<'(%+;>
%hG/@-5'A$B'(e%b6o@g./EX')/'(_~'(%)/EJ'&)/'(^/N-6K
:*=@F-%c'(OF*A$I-'($B*)/'(^/N-f%'*J/(*@-c'(.9EDi'(6K
rFO%$3'(%c'(m_/E%h-nH*X'%@*%c'(H5@'(*X4%c'(CKAt-Q*1%6K
*J'%c'(Z%j'Z**J'%c'(6K2<'O„4)*X'(-R@rk%(*F5%:*)/'(
^/N-
`'(C3*G/F%)S'F'5F-F-OF*%*J'-R@)/'(^/N-%/EA+'*1%
@44/]'b'rk%(*F5\']H'$'(AYAj6:*D0/0'29/2U-b'%)5'(AB*
2N'(%*'%V''($B**1%B*;u'KE*1%@4AY%*+O%/@*4c'OF*
%*J'-R@)/'(^/N-6Ku*@$/*CKc(c'c'(
)*+!,OU
W^n_`5Za_
B1!,]1GE @A"L-
,T 9" m$b'(H $B'(H
0'HF'H/n•"‘•’"
,5, 1U(U 9" *+ •[€•’‘= (c
^/EJ'A:*OFG/9'@4F'
•’"#!‘• ,5 9 1U (U 9" 7P *+ •’€•€"z
X% r% 5s •€"#""•l,5%a1U
(U9"*+#"#"#!!Ž=
,? Q#!€"#[’€= ,5)V'Q@6V'AF'%@'G/9'(/EX'#!!Ž
#•""
=b@!c"deRSE)$T")f@gh/i1"BL!),@o,p!/jERkNlm!"jE
B*;u'KE%f'%=;&*'(d@-R@(c^/EJ'-5A+'-<*-F--R@L
^/vEH%=•[€A+'#•""B*;u'KE-Z'*X'Q*j/CK-F--/]-;&*'(d@63'
2@/A9Eq
^,(U9"*+1U,5,FZFFwHmZ65:'#!2hG/9'•’’
•’€nz
^,(U9"7P*+1U,59m*'*X'5K'(n•’€A+'•€"H*J'
XmX5K'n•€"A+'#""•z
^,(U9"*+1U,5%amvc'(„'n#"#"A+'#!!Ž-Z-f'AB*
C/@qvF*Pm#"#"#"!€nHvF*c'(m#"!€#"Ž•nHvF'c'(
m#"Ž•#"‘!nHv9'c'(m#"‘!##!€n-Zv$B'(*1%AF'%@'G/9'
N'(CKD”O65:'9':O*X4K'%/L*6:*C`'(A0%%=@'Z@
A+'A‡5'(@'(^/<'(wS'HvV'c'(m##!€##[€n%/L*6:*A0%(1
<
!"#".
'Hv'c'(m##[€##‘ŽnHv@5c'(m##‘’#!#"nHv/1c'(
m#!###!!•nHv*X/5K'(m#!!•#!!Žnz
^,(U9"*+1U,5SrS7BsG[Q@6V'AF'
%@'G/9'(/EX'c'(H-Z#[C/@q)V'F*c'(m#!!Ž#!Ž€nH)V'F'
c'(m#!Ž€#!‘€nH)V'9'c'(m#!‘•#!•[nH(<-c'(-W@/EJ')9'
-5C/@+9'CK%/L*6:*C`'(A0%-R@PG/N-%=^/<'(wS'A+'_/E
?/EX'^/<'(@4H)V''c'(m#!•[#[#•nH)V'*'c'(m#[#•
#[!•nH)V'*+'c'(m#[!•#[•#nH)V'_oc'(m#[•##[’•nH)V'k%a
m#[’•#[‘"nH)V'(1c'(m#[‘"#[‘!nH)V'_/1c'(m#[‘[#[‘‘nH)V'
r++m#[‘‘#[€€nH)V'/k'c'(m#[€€#[•€nH)V'*+/+m#[•€
#•""n
B*;u%=•[€#•""%)<*-F-%)*J/A:*(cH*'H*J'XHvH)V'C3*
'*J/-*+'-c'(*j'F-%U'(F'HN'(H(/EX'c'(
F*"*.!,@A"L-")f@gh/i1"BL!),@o,p!/jERkNlm!"jE
F-'K%$%$&'(%*X/Q*j/%)5'((*@*A5:''KE6Kv$B'(*1%CK
)V'^/N-/0'F-'K%$%$&'(-7/<'$&'(-RE+/%$%$&'(rk%(*F5
'(5K* -F- -@5 %}'( /c'( *1%H rFO/k'H :' :'H@ w<5H*X'
c'(H6KvF'c'(H)V'F*c'(H/1)/'($I'(2•
9Vbm34(()*+,"5?6KqJ%$%$&'(H
rk%(*F5OF%%)*j'4:'%)&%K''$G/N-(*F5H5(*F5%L'%:*'$4]%
*1'%$I'(*j''*X'HY5(*F5-*ON*<'$&'(4X%f'-R@'9'D9'HQ@
%c'(*F5'KE6K'J'%<'(%$%$&'(-R@AB*2N'(%*'%V''($B**1%)X''J'
%<'(0EH'P*Qk%6X'%$%$&'(D9'%]-6Kq
˜C!e6<q5K';+%C3*D9'H%P-h-D9'HD$•'(D9'
˜, "eqEX/'$3-H@'`'(HC*'DiH2•'o-H%)/'('(d@
CK*+/%/k'
˜ C//LaS?X^?X^Lj1>
8&
Z*-/'(H-f'%)7.Y]*(*@*A5:''KE(U'6*J'C3*%i-%*a'Di'(
'$3-CK(*M'$3-HR'(d@D/E%944@'(Ak4%f''($•'(rk%(*F5z/N*
%+;>?Hrk%(*F5Q7OXOF''X'DV'2/EE+/CK%@E%+CK5AZ6K2i
OF%%)*j'-R@5(*F5mN'(5QK''*J/CJvCKfn
a) Tư tưởng của các thiền sư và tín đồ Phật giáoq
F-%*J'2$(*@*A5:''KEAYD`'(eCc%$B'(gHeCc'(YgAj.l4%+
(*3**1'%$I'(6K-F*%$B'(./EX'Q*+'AP*H4,*2iCk%H*1'%$I'(;c'(-T
6K%:4%B*4K%)5'(D~'(Q*+'AP*-W'(-~'6*X'1C3*'@/%l5'9'G/<H
D/EX''(*1O)5'(AB*2N'(.Y]**j/A$I-6xeCc%$B'(gHeCc'(Yg%S2x
QS'%94H;c'(D@5A]'(@EA@/;P;*%0E2iCk%Q*+'AP*
*J'2$:':'G/@''*14q
2
!"#".
e9''$QZ'(-3O-Z)L*;c'(
9E-N*./9'%$b*%/'Y5'`'(
t--/]-%7'2/EA='(2IY*
*@;S@'(,'-y(*,%2$b'(Ac'(g
[
)V'F*c'(-ZG/@''*14q
e^/@'(-<'%)}4'}4%5K'&2F%'@H%9'%hA:*FA$I-%)$B'(-8/g
•
~'/1)/'($I'(•6:*G/@''*14q
ef'$QyA$I-'7;*+'HOFO(*3*%<EQ@5D/'(g
5t-eK5Ay%)X'-9E%B*%*+%AW'(HW-CK'(QX'Dk/-U-(S./9'g
Ž
F-C7-9'%/%B*v)V'-|'('S')@'M'((*F%)7Cd'p'(Q0%
D*Q0%D7-6K-F*Q<'%jD/E'0%-Z4]%;c'(@*-R@-R@%0%-<C:'Ck%
-f'6K%i%f'H-9'%94Z6KC*X''(,-2F'(4Y*H6KQc'(2l';c'(J)Y
-F'%)5'(6~y@q
e3Q<5./9'%K'5@)o'(+%H
X4G/@29'%)$3-'&-K'4@*gz
ef'$'(,-AN%%)X''W*H4K/2U-C…'A”O$5@2l''&%)5'(6~68@
C…'%$b*4K/g
’
F*%i%f'H-9'%940E%j*1'&4/c'Ck%'$'(;c'(AL'('0%C3*
4/c'Ck%qe?F-%9'CKD*1/%jH-Š'(IO-Š'(6S@.@+/'($B*4/N'
O9'Q*1%H%)5'(6~4]%-K'5@gi%f'H-9'%940EA$I-(,*6K;c'(H6K
CcC*H6KOFO%f'@E6K$@*
F*%i%f'H-9'%940Eb-5''($B*6KQ<'%94H-9'%94rk%%f'w<'
%946Krk%Hrk%%:*%94qeAB*'KE6K4%9''($B*H946K;5%K'(-R@$
@*5*2F'(;UO'b*'b*HK'(%S4-K'(%0E)]'(gHex/EJ'D*1/0E4K
@4*j/H-Š'(;F-%)B*.@'):'(QZ'(cg
‘
)5'(;*'0'4:'CKOF%%)*j'5K'%*1'G/@''*14%94rk%H-F-
-@5%}'(-|'('0'4:'G/@''*14;*+'%f'%K'rk%C3*2iORA7'%$
D/E'(c''(MCK;F*'*14
F-%f'ALrk%(*F5v)V'G/@''*14;*+'%f'%K'rk%6K(*<*
%5F%5K'%5K'C3*G/@'A*j4%l'-N%6KOF%*1'%)&6:*%i%f'2*X/C*1%-R@
C:'OFOC…'Q7-l60OQ&*C,'('*14
$'(2i;*+'%f'%K'rk%0E;c'(G/@-5'A$B'('k'%h-%c'(
%$B'(l5,H'k'%h-%c'(%$B'(-TAl46:*-5-5''($B*'M'(
C,'('*142@*Q*1%,-R%)$b'(%)S(*3*2F4N*A5:'D*1%2F/-}'Aj%@'
%5F''k'%h--<4%f',-|'(-R%)$b'('k'%h-CcO9'Q*1%Aj%R
%*X/'k'%h-6v%f'CS6v%f'6K'M'(5:%A]'(O9'%f--R@%$D/E%:5
[
(/Ea'K*$mRQ*X'n7-28%$%$&'(*1%@4kO#K./0%Q<';5@,-.Y]*K]*
#••[)!"!
•
F-AYD…')@'(!"!
Ž
F-AYD…')@'(!#‘!#€
’
F-AYD…')@'(!"•
‘
F-AYD…')@'(!"’!"‘
!"#".
'X'4,*2i2@*Q*1%-R@2iCk%H*1'%$I'(%:5'X''M'(AN*6kO(*M@-R%j
CK;F-%j
*J'2$9'c'(G/@''*14qe$Cc%V'D*1/)0%29/.@HP*D7/
'b*'b*'(,'(*Z~@HcC**j/A$I-Cc-`'(;5F*H(/E1'6X'-N'0E43*
6K'KgzeK4%l5M/'*14G/X'Cc'*14H)F*C3*Cc2*'-7/M/2*'g
/1)/'($I'(•-T){q
e94%j;c'(%7-|'(;c'(O*H
rk%%f'-Š'($-|'(-Š'(%i-H
rFO%9';c'(6:*-|'(;c'(G/@H
9'%f'-Š'(O<*-|'(-Š'(%)F*H
94%h-rk%rk%%h-%94
*'D*1/-*+/-`'(;*4-P%c'(H
?/9'A+'%i5@./9'4T44*1'(H
/CJA9/-Š'('$3-%/%)5'(g
€
rk%%:*%94-|'(6K%)*+%6v(*<*%5F%CK'kO%+-R@-F-%f'ALrk%
(*F5v)V'i%f'H-9'%946K$@*;c'(-Z%f'G/EA7'CK;c'(
&'(5K*%+(*3*%)V'(*@''$W@-R@c'((*F5rk%&%)5'(%)V'(*@'Hrk%
6KQ<'%94-R@4,*'($B*H%)5'(%944,*'($B*AJ/-Zrk%
)V'9'c'(G/@''*14q
eb*4S'-Z'(,-%S4A9/'M@H
)$3--<'Cc%940EA:5%*J'gH
e$%)V'6:-A:5YE%`ED/EX'
aAZ*%S}'H41%'(R6*J'
9/QF/AVE'KA='(-:E;*+4
c%94AN*-<'y*-*%*J'g
/1)/'(6:*G/@''*14qerk%6Krk%H@'6K@'H%)5'(%94-Zrk%}'
(S-Š'(A$I-g
F-A:*Q*j/rk%(*F5v)V'-~'-5*A@/;PCK(*<*%5F%H-9'
%f'CKC,'(%94H2U-CK;c'(6K%N'('0%;c'(%F-)B*'@/'X'%)i-(*F-
%i%f'H-9'%94'(@E%)5'(%)V'(*@'H%)5'(-{*2*'%8-R@-5''($B*-h
;c'(O<*A*A9/.@
jO9'Q*1%QLAJC3*O*J''Y5/1)/'(%)<6B*qe`*4/N*4t'&
%)5'('$3-H4V/;l5&%)5'(2U-gHe(KE'(KE;*AN*-<'H<'-<'%l5
%942*'g
~'O9'Q*1%%+'K56K'b*Cc2*'%8H*1']*%)<6B*qer<*&%)5'(
-‚2*'%84K*j/60E%S43*A$I-g*F-'(]CK4X6V46/c'G/@'1-t%
-x'@/q
eXA*2*';c'(2U-H
T'6:*-Š'(2U-;c'(H
€
?l42F-AYD…')@'(!"€!#‘
!"#".
U-;c'(-`'(4X%T'H
?$@'@E4]%6v-`'(g
•
w&*%+4K'($B*'(]A:5C…'6/c'(U'4S'C3**1'M/-R@%9%-<
'M'((S(,*6K(*<IOCc%$B'(($B*'(]A:5;c'(%5F%6EC3*-/]-
2N'(*1'%i-4KC…'6}'6]'%)5'(C~'(2*'%8H;c'(2I2*'%84K'S'
2*'%8'$4]%-F*(S%$B'('*X'*+%QK'6KA:%A+'-F*%94eCc%)ogHeCc
%$3'(gHeCc'*14g;c'(Q7)K'(Q/]-H;c'(-F''<'Q*G/@'%)$3--/]-AB*
4K%k4-f-~'6:-G/@'EX/AB*
94/'(D/'(%i%:*-R@'($B*(*F-'(]%k4-f-ZG/EJ'2N'(4]%
-F-%5<*4F*%)5'(-/]-AB*;c'(-V'%/9'%R'(*X4%W-'M'((*3*6/k%
-R@'K-`@N'(;c'((~QZ4KC…';c'(%)F*A:5
b) Từ giữa thế kỷ XIV trở đi cũng đã diễn ra trào lưu phê phán Phật
giáo của đông đảo các Nho sỹ
=%B*'Kv;*5(*F5Q$3-6X'C|AK*-f'%)7CK%$%$&'(5
(*F5&'$3-%@'ZAY-Z'M'(G/@'A*j4;F-Q*1%%k4-fAN*6kOC3*rk%
(*F5'$'('ZC…'%L'%:*~@QS'C3*rk%(*F5i-c'(;f-rk%(*F5-T
.<E)@)*X'(6“&4]%CK*-F'9''$K4_dc'(4K%c*
=(*M@%+;>?%)&A*'Z43*%)&%K'%*+'('Z*OPQ*+'-R@%)K5
6$/%$%$&'(-N'(rk%(*F5M'(A:*Q*j/%*X/Q*j/6K)$b'(F'*X/HX
}'$/
l5)$b'(F'*X/H%Sqe6K4;“2•A:*O/;c'(O<*A:5(*X/
/0';c'(QKE%yH;c'(O<*A:5P'(:';c'(%)$3-%/k%+4K
-hQ5Q56<*'<*-/E1'rk%H%@HA7'6=@@*A9E›g
X}'$/6:*C*+%qej)@2i%)`%f'&%)5'(4K'%)$3'(G/E+%A7'
A$I-2i%U'(&'(5K*'(K'Dt4HAZ6K-c'(-R@'($B*%$3'((*y*-V4G/9'
-+%U'(F*OZvc'(wS'OFA$I-G/9'9':O-$3O-9/(1
'H2@*'($B*QF5%*'%U'(%)k'HV'c'(AF'('xO<*-F5%*'%U'(%)k'&
F*4*+/HQK'-c'(&%)*J/A$B'(HAj%$&'(-5Q,'c'(wS'CJ-c'(
AF'(*t-43*6KO<*z'@E6:*G/E-c'(-5A:5rk%HA+'-F--`@G/F'4K6a
%:H'$%+A9/O<*WE6:5;“-Z-c'(-P61%*'%V'G/9'6f'›g
#"
iOXOF'-R@-F-52•AN*C3*rk%(*F5;c'('p4AF'AP
rk%(*F5CJ%$%$&'(CK%)*+%6vH4K-RE+/'p4CK52i@5Of%K*6i-H'9'
6i--R@rk%(*F5CK5%1-h@-0O'M'(;“6$B*Q*+'(;c'(-KE4K-Z}'H
;c'(D1%4K-Z4t-H%)N'%)F''(d@CoAN*C3*K'$3-6K4%P'%$b'(
A+'5O5'(,QZ-%)V''M'(k/G/<CK%1':'.Y]*D5rk%(*F5(9E
)@%)5'(AB*2N'(*1'%i-CK'M'(<'$&'(.0/-R@rk%(*F5A+'2i%*+'
Q].Y]*
c) 6nh hưởng của Nho giáo trong đời sống chính trị-xã hộiq
•
?l42F-AYD…')@'(!"€!!"
#"
(/Ea'K*$mRQ*X'n7-28%$%$&'(*1%@4kO#K./0%Q<';5@,-.Y]*K]*
#••[)!!€!!•
!"#".
_$3*-F-%)*J/A:*(cH*'H*J'X<'$&'(-R@5(*F5%)X'
6d'Ci-%$%$&'(-f'%)7CK.Y]*&'$3-%@6K-$@){'s%
@'(%B*;uKvH'52•43*./0%*1'%/E-$@6K%V'(63OAc'(
A<5H-$@6K4]%6i-6$I'(.Y]*63'4:''$'('ZAY%i-2iA*CK5AB*
2N'(%$%$&'(-f'%)7CK.Y]*
5(*F5AY(*K'A$I--‚Ah'(%)5'(%$%$&'(-f'%)7CK.Y]*%B*
vHQ&*6x6W-'KEAY%y@4Y'A$I-4]%EX/-V/Qh-QF--R@2iOF%%)*j'
-R@.Y]**1%@46K-R'(-N-+A]O5'(;*+'CK.9EDi'(4]%'K'$3-
G/9'-R%kOG/EJ'4:'4x
F-C/@v%$B'(60E-F-A*j'%f-5(*F5'X/)@C3*%$-F-6K
'M'(QK*,-;*''(*14-R@-c'(C*1-%)7'$3-$%$&'(%)5'(e*+/DB*
Acg-R@vc'(„'CK%)5'(e@4G/N-2b'Kg-R@v$B'(*1%4@'(
D0/C+%-R@%$%$&'(%*X'A7@'9'-<4h'(-R@5(*F5H;*,G/@''*14
/@6K'($B*%*K'41'%)B*H'($B*CK%)B*-Z6*X'1%$b'(-<4
F-;F*'*14%)/'(*+/H'9''(d@-R@5(*F5AYA$I-Ck'Do'(
CK56d'Ci--f'%)7Xro'(*j/Hc*+'K'6/c'($b'(-@5'(,'-B
%)/'('(d@-R@5(*F5%)5'(K'A]'(CK-R%)$b'(-f'%)7-R@4S'
B*K)V'<'$&'(-R@5(*F5D*a')@4:'4xH29/2U-b'
K)V'AY-T){rk%(*F565C*1-(*<*%5F%-5-5''($B*;y*6/9'L*
2*'%8H5(*F56K-F*A:5%)7'$3-H6KA$B'(6N*%/H%JH%)7HQS'CK'M'(G/E
%U-A:5Ah-Aj-0'-T'.Y]*O5'(;*+'*1%@4)V'F*c'(AYC*+%
%)5'(e*J'%c'(-T'@4g)p'(qeF*O$b'(%*1'Aj4&6~'(4X4/]*H-F*
A$B'(6N*25*){2N'(-+%-f'6KA:*(*F5-R@h-rk%*M-F'-9'Aj6K4
4h--5k/%+H'X/;/c'OsO-5%$b'(6@*6K%)F-'*14't'('J-R@%*X'
%F'CkEg
##
/}''HX}'$/H)$b'(F'*X/6K'M'(A:*Q*j/%)/'(
%K'-R@5(*F50'AJG/@'%94AV/%*X'-R@-F-52•%B*)V'6K
A$B'(6N*Ah-%)7qC/@2F'(%c*6K'-`'(AL'(%94*1OAh-Aj%)7'$3-EX'
D9'/@-ZAh-2F'(HG/@'4…'-F'%)/'(%K''X'9'%):-%04%f@A+'
D9'-W'(;*+'%)}4,A$I-@''*'H:'OW-,-5*Ah-2F'(-R@C/@6K
A*J/;*1'%*X'G/E+%6K4-5A0%'$3-%7'%)7SCkE,%$B'(;/EX'C/@
O<*-f'%94%/%9'HO<*%$B'(./EX'28@Ah-,-|'(QK'A+'Q:56i-
-R@'K'$3-O5'(;*+'CK2i*j4%)&-R@A0%A@*'$'(-T6K%hE+/2@/
A$B'(6N*Ah-%)7e*X'$'(7@%+`'(%@EH{*@4%)o-]%.$@'@EAB*
AB*z/c''}4A+'(*1O69/DK*HŠ'(-V'A0%*j4'B'b*Ah-6K'g
9;,5S!>/b4,) X
3/;52+J!p,q
E6K:@(U4jXJ=
##
F-AYD…')@'(!!!
!"#".
)V'*'c'('Z*qeK'$3-AY-ZOsO%U-'0%A7'@4wU-
;F-'@/'+/'(l%l5;+-R@;“,-%)~4t%%)U'(%S4A$B'(%*+'%9'%S
2*'65:''(@Eg
)V'(1c'(-|'('Z*qe)*J/%)$3-Di'('$3-%i-ZOsOA]H
;c'(%l5-+A]'KN'(H6KCSwU-@4AJ/-R'$3-4S'H;c'(O<*
'5*'@/5<'('}4:*%)7;“,-%)~4t%%)U'(A$I-D`'(;c'(*j/v29/
.@-R@2i6kOOFOHAl4OsO-|-R@%P%c'(%@EAP*%l5O5'(%o-O$b'(
wU--<H'$CJEOo-H':--$b'(;c'(%j;j+%g
#!
d) Trong số các nhà tư tưởng tiêu biểu của thời kỳ này thì Trần Quốc
Tuấn xứng đáng là nhà tư tưởng lớn, nhà quân sự thiên tài
B0!]1GE1i!Uœ'(6K-5'-R@'*'$b'()V'*a/H2*'D$3*
%B*)V'F*c'(m)V'<'n-$@){'}4'K5CK40%'}4#[""m%B*)V'
'c'(nœ'(6KC7%$3'(-V4G/9'Q@6V'AF'%@'G/9'(/EX'c'(
%)5'(AZ@*6V'2@/6K%*+%-+%N'(6d'-F-A:5G/9'm#!Ž‘H#!€ŽH#!€‘n
œ'(6K'($B*Ah-A]HG/v%),'('9'%K*H6/c'CS'$3-4K%*+'-8'9'%K*'$
•*+%*X/H_Y$I'(Hr:4(|Y5H)$b'(F'*X/
œ'(Aj6:*-5AB*2@/'M'(%F-O„4'P*%*+'(q7-%$3'(2•Hw*'
(*@D*1/6vE+/6$I-H:'*+O%c'(Qf%)/EJ'%$@*%F-O„42@/'@EAY%0%
%)/EJ'M'(%$%$&'(-f'-R@c'(6Kq
_i@CK5D9'AjAF'(*t-(*M'$3-H6K4-54‚*'($B*D9'%)&%K'
4]%-*+'2•%@4(*@CK5-/]--*+'A0/-N'(G/9'.946$I-
/N'%+%SO<*A5K';+%%5K'D9'/N'A5K';+%%5K'D9'%SO<*
;5@'%$2h-D9'5@'%$2h-D9'6Ke;+29/(N-QJ')agHe6K%$I'(2F-
(*M'$3-g5@'%$2h-D9'6K'J'4Z'(-R@;N*A:*A5K';+%%5K'D9'Aj
;*-Z-*+'%)@'%S2h-4:'-R@'9'D9'A$I-'9'6X'(0OQ]*h-q
r<*G/@'%94A+'C*1-2<'./0%CKAB*2N'(-R@D9'H%)@'%R2iAL'(
6~'(CKR'(]-R@D9'
r<*%0EG/V'-W'('9'D9'-ZC@*%)~G/E+%A7'AN*C3*2iOF%
%)*j'%K*'}'(-R@-F-C7@'`'(./0%-W'('`'(-T6K4'X''(*1O
63';*-Z2i(*WOA•-R@G/V'-W'(c'(-Z2i(*WOA•CKR'(]-R@
G/V'-W'(%S;c'(-Z-F-@'`'(./0%-W'(
œ'(%0EA$I-)p'(HAj%i-*1'A5K';+%%5K'D9'%S']*Q]'K)V'
O<*A5K';+%.*+%-t%./'(G/@'C/@CKc'(6K'M'('($B*A:*Q*j/-5v
-f-N'('(5:*.94-R@-<D9'%]-œ'('5*($b'()V'F*c'(;*'K
C/@%i~@(*<*C3*)V'*a/4K-RA]'(-<*%*1'G/@'1(*M@c'(C3*)V'
^/@'(<*
J'%<'(-5%$%$&'(.9EDi'(A]*G/9'%$B'(%)i-CK6i-6$I'(C|
%)@'('9'D9'-R@c'(6Ke6~'(D9';c'(-*@gHe-<'$3-(ZO2h-g-N'(
(*t-
#!
F-AYD…')@'(!!Ž!!’
!"#".
3*A]*G/9'%$B'(%)i-c'(-R%)$b'(%*'b'A@
0%6$I'(-R@A]*G/9'%l5c'(H'ZOo%/]-;c'(f%CK52iA5K'
;+%'0%%)fH-/'(2h--/'(6~'(-R@G/9'2•œ'(-R%)$b'('(/EX'%U-.9E
Di'(G/9'A]*eG/9'6f'4]%6~'('$-@-5'g
œ'(AN*AY*%),'(k/C3*-F-%u%$3'(œ'(-T)@-5-F-%u%$3'(CK
%u%$3'(%/]-:-R@4S'%0E){2i(U'QZG/EJ'6I*-R@4S'C3*%kOA5K'
C$b'(V/G/v%]-'K)V'i%N'('0%CJG/EJ'6I*0E6K-b2&-V'%*+%
%:5'X'2i%N'('0%v-f(*M@C/@%c*H%$3'(2•HQ*'6f'
)5'(.9EDi'(G/9'A]*Hc'(6K'($B*)0%-WvG/@'%94A+'C0'AJ
%*'%V'G/9'A]*œ'()0%-5*%),'(C0'AJ%$%$&'(4K%)$3-+%6K%$%$&'(
-R@-F-%u%$3'(
œ'(.F-A7'Dh%;5F%6kO%)$B'(A7-%@6K;c'(A]*%)B*-/'(œ'(
OXOF';7-6*1%'M'(;“e'S'-R'o-4K;c'(Q*+%65H%0E'$3-'o-
4K;c'(Q*+%%”'H6K4%$3'(%)*J/AS'O<*V/G/9'(*t-4K;c'(Q*+%
%h-H'(l':-%F*%$B'(AY*E+''(oE2h4K;c'(Q*+%-}4g
œ'(%)/EJ''(,'68@-}4%`-5%$3'(2•e%@%$B'(%3*QM@G/X'}'H
'8@AX4C‚(N*H)/]%A@/'$-U%H'$3-4U%AV4AS@z-T-}4%h--$@.“%7%
6]%D@'/N%(@'/N'(4F/G/9'%`g
r„4-0%K'(AV/-R@%$3'(2•-|'(6K-R@%5K'G/9'4Kc'(A~*y*
6K%)/'('(d@H'$'(%)/'('(d@&c'(-|'(-TD='(&%)/'(C3*C/@
(5K*)@Aj.9EDi'('M'(O„4-0%-5%5K'G/9'Hc'(-~'AJ./0%
4]%65:%-F-;F*'*14A:5Ah-'$@'`'(HC*'DiH2•'o-H-N'(6:*
'M'(%$%$&'(-V/@'$&'(6:-H;f-61%5K'G/9'6/E1'%kOH'9'(-@5%*'
%V'-<'(*F-CK2‹'2K'(-*+'A0/
œ'(6K'($B*G/@'%94AW'(4h-A+'C*1-)‡'6/E1''}'(6i--T/E
-R@%$3'(6d'CK'9'(-@5%)S'A]%F--*+'-R@Q*'2•l5c'(H'($B*(*y*
-V4G/9';c'(-V'QKE%)k'H'($B*(*y*QKE%)k'%S;c'(-V'O<*AF'H
'($B*(*y*AF'%S;c'(%/@H'($B*;s5%/@%S;c'(-+%
)5'(-*+'%)@'-f''(d@-h/'$3-Hc'(-ZO$b'(-94%F-
-*+'-f'.F-qe*t--kE%)$B'(%)k'H%@-kEA5<'Q*'H60EA5<'-+%)$B'(
6KC*1-%$B'(-R@Q*'OFOg
M'(%$%$&'(-f'%)7G/9'2i%*X'%K*-R@c'(6K'M'(-N'(*+'
G/@'%),'(CK52iOF%%)*j'67-28%$%$&'('$3-'KZO<'F''M'(
G/E6/k%-bQ<'-R@-f+'%)@'(*M'$3-;c'(O<*-T%B*)V'4K-~'4Y*
CJ2@/
,
