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Nghiên cứu bào chế và đánh giá sinh khả dụng viên nang aciclovir tác dụng kéo dài

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
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6,1+.+Ҧ'Ө1*VIÊN NANG ACICLOVIR
7È&'Ө1*.e2'¬,
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
1*+,Ç1&Ӭ8%¬2&+ӂ9¬ĈÈ1+*,È
6,1+.+Ҧ'Ө1*9,Ç11$1*$&,CLOVIR
7È&'Ө1*.e2'¬,



PGS. 
GS TS. Võ Xuân Minh
1
i
L
L

I C

M

N



Tôi xin bày t lòng bic:
PGS. TS. Phm Th Minh Hu
GS. TS. Võ Xuân Minh
Nhi thng dn và h tôi trong
thi gian làm lun án va qua.
xin chân thành c
Nguyn Trn Linh cùng toàn th các thy, cô giáo, k
thut viên B môn Bào ch, b c lc , tu
kin thun li cho tôi hoàn thành lun án này.
Trân trng c , tu kin ca TS. Phùng Th Vinh,
ThS. Nguyn Th Thanh Tho cùng các kim nghi    
c, Vin Kim nghim thu
Tôi xin chân thành c      ng, PGS. TS.
Nguyn Thanh Bình, TS. Nguy
ti h tôi trong quá trình công tác, hc tp và
nghiên cu.
Cui cùng, tôi xin cn bè
      ng viên, to m u kin thun l  tôi hoàn
thành lun án.
Hà N

 Thu Giang
ii
L



  u ca riêng tôi.
Các s liu, kt qu nêu trong lun án là trung thc

ai công b trong bt k công trình nào khác.
 Thu Giang


















iii
DANH MC CÁC KÝ HIU, CH÷ VIÕT T¾T

ACV :
A
ciclovir
ACV-KDNM :


AUC :



BAK :
B
enzalkonium clorid
BP :

 (British Pharmacopoeia)
C-974 :
C
arbopol 974P NF
C
max
:


CMC :
C
arboxymethyl cellulose
 :


DM :
D
ung môi
DBP :
D
ibutyl phtalat
EBV :
V

irus Epstein-Barr
EC :
E
thyl cellulose
EDTA :
A
cid ethylendiamintetraacetic
FDA :

– Food and Drug
Administration)
GPDC :


GPKD :


HPCD :
2
-hydroxypropyl E-cyclodextrin
HPLC : high performance liquid
chromatography)
HPMC :
H
ydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
HQC :

cao (high quality control sample)
HSV :
V

irus Herpes simplex
HT :


KDNM :


Kl/kl :


Kl/tt :


KSGP :


KT :


KTT :


LLOQ :

lower limit of quantification)
LQC :

low quality control sample)
iv
MEC :


minimum effective concentration)
MQC :

middle quality control sample)
MRT :

 (mean retention time)
MTC :

minimum toxic concentration)
NaDC :
N
atri deoxycholat
NaGC :
N
atri glycocholat
NaLS :
N
atri laurylsulfat
NTN :


OCC :
D
L-octanoylcarnitin clorid
PCC :
P
almitoyl-DL- carnitin clorid
PEG :

P
olyoxyethylen glycol
PEPT :

 
P-gp :
P
-glycoprotein
PVA :
P
olyvinyl alcol
PVP :
P
olyvinyl pyrolidon K30
RSD :

relative standard deviation)
SCC :
D
L-stearoylcarnitin clorid
SD :

 (standard deviation)
SKD : 
SMEDDS :

 (self-microemulsifying drug delivery system)
STT : 
T
1/2

:


TBA :
4
-thiobutylamidin
TCCS :


 :


TEC :
T
riethyl citrat
TEER :

 (transepithelial electrical resistance)
T
max
:


TT :


Tt/tt :


USP :


 (United States Pharmacopeia)
VA :
V
iên nén Vacrax
®
200 mg
VKNTTW :


VZV :
V
irus Varicella- zoster
WHO :

 (World Health Organization)
v


 1
CHNG NG QUAN 3
1.1. ACICLOVIR 3
aciclovir 3
aciclovir  7
 20
 20
  21
 22
aciclovir  24
T 28

 28
1.3.2 28
 31
aciclovir 35
CH    VÀ PHNG PHÁP NGHIÊN
 39
 39
 39
 40
  41
 41
2.2. PH 41
2.2.1. Ph 41
2.2.2. Ph 44
2.2.3. Ph
47
2.2.4. Phin vivo  50
2.2.5. Ph 53
2.2.6. Ph 54
CH 55
CLOVIR 55
vi
aciclovir 55
 60
 62
. 68
aciclovir  68
aciclovir 200 mg GPKD 87

 89

g ph
 89

 94
 103
 104
3.4.1. Theo dõi hàm l 104
3. 107
 110
3.5.1. ng 110
 121
CH 130
NGHIÊN CLOVIR 130
CLOVIR GPKD 134

 138
 141
 141
 146
 . 147
 148
 156
vii



aciclovir 
o

4



aciclovir -2
4
1.3. aciclovir
7
          
aciclovir
37
5. 
39
6. 
45
7.



app
)
56
8.


57
.


58
.



59
11.



61
.


63
.

            

64
.



66
. 
67
.



69
. 
70

.



70
. 
71
.



72
. 
73
viii
. màng bao GPKD 
74
.


74
.

GPKD 
khác nhau
75
 3.25. 
77
6. 
77

7. T
78
8.


bao GPKD
79
29.

 GPKD
80
 3.30.


81
1.


86
2. 
86
3.

 
87
4.


GPKD
88

3.35.

ACV  
90
6.



91
7.



92
 
94
.

 
95
.


khí vào khác nhau
97
.


khí phun khác nhau
98

3.42.

             

99
.



100
ix
 
102
 
103
6.  viên nang ACV 200 mg GPKD
104
7.



105
8. 
105
9.

 hoà tan  viên nang ACV GP

108
50.


 
109
51.

   
111
52. 
111
3.

 
112
4.


113
5.


114
6.


115
7.


116
8.



117
9.

– rã
118
60.

5 
118
61.

- 40
o
C
119
2.

- 
120
63.

 

121
3.64. µg/mlviên KT
122
5. µg/ml) 
123

6. 
124
7.


124
8. µg/mlviên TT
126
9.

ACV (µg/mlviên K
T
126
 3.70. 
127
71.


128
x

H
ình 1.1.

GPKD so

21
H
ình 2.2.



42
H
ình 2.3. 
44
H
ình 3.4.

 
57
H
ình 3.5.


60
H×nh 3.6. BiÓu ®å thÓ hiÖn møc ®é lμm t¨ng thÊm ACV cña c¸c chÊt t¨ng thÊm
62
H
ình 3.7.

            qua
 
63
H
ình 3.8.

            qua
trung bì 
65
H

ình 3.9.


66
H
ình3.10.

GPKD 

7
6
H
ình 3.11. 
82
H
ình 3.12. 
83
H
ình 3.13. 
84
H
ình 3.14. 
84
H
ình 3.15. 
85
H
ình 3.16.

 theo 

87
H
ình 3.17.

 và viên nang GPKD
88
H
ình 3.18. ui trình 
93
H
ình 3.19.

  

96
H
ình 3.20.

  khí
vào khác nhau
97
H
ình 3.21.

  
phun khác nhau
98
H
ình 3.22.


  
xi

100
H
ình 3.23.

ACV  

101
H
ình 3.24.



106
H
ình 3.25.



106
H
ình 3.26.



107
H
ình 3.27.

 
110
H
ình 3.28. 
110
H
ình 3.29.


112
H
ình 3.30.


121
H
ình 3.31.

- 
123
H
ình 3.32.

- 
127
1



virus H - 80 % dân châu

 
50 
h
       do virus   
  
vong [52].
Aciclovir d nucleosid - guanosin có tác
              Herpes
simplex  Varicella- zoster, Epstein-Barr và Cytomegalo. Ngoài ra
 ACV 
 [69],
[3]. Tuy nhiên  -
-


 
[13]. H
20%) [69]. 


      ,        Flamel
Technology    ACV GPKD       
 viên
              
GPKD ACV là
              
2
aciclovir 

GPKD có SKD ca



và
viên nang aciclovir  các 
tiêu sau:
1. B  viên nang aciclovir 200 mg GPKD .
2. aciclovir GP 
.

1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 
5.  viên nang ACV 200 mg GPKD trên chó.


3
CH
1.1. ACICLOVIR
1.1aciclovir



18
H
11
N
5
0

3

-amino-9[(2-hydroxy ethoxy)-methyl]-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-
on [69], [1].

Aciclovir [1], [69], [13]:
- D, ít tan trong alcol, tan
i
1,6 mg/ml 
  - 25
o

o
      

- Rt bn vng kim ng acid.
- 
o
.
- Aciclovir 
pKa
1
= 2,41 ± 0,27
pKa
2
= 9,06 ± 0,88
- [13] 
4
aciclovir 
o

[13]
STT pH 
11,2 > 3,5
2 4,5 ~ 2,6
3 5,8 ~ 2,3
4 6,8 ~ 2,4
5 7,4 ~ 2,5
1.2. Haciclovir -2 [13]
STT pH 
app
, 10
-6
cm/s)
1 7,4 0,12
2 7,4 0,25
3 7,4 0,43
4 - 1,08
5 6,8 1,26
6 6,5 và 7,4 2,00

- SKD  20%
 [3], [69]
 và không hoàn toàn [13].
- 
max
– [69].
- aciclovir 

i 50 
 % (9 - 33 nhau

,

[1], [3], [69].
5
- 
9-
carboxy methoxy methyl guanin        aciclovir,
 [69].

2-
n mn t
1/2
 [3], [69].

- Aciclovir 
 typ 1 và typ 2, VZV,
EBV, Cytomegalo [3], [69].
-     aciclovir       
, 


nên aciclovir 
Aciclovir 
     
 [3], [69].

Aciclovir 
- 
  [3], [69].
- ,  [3], [69].

-  [3], [69].
-              
 [3], [69].
6

-  [3], [69].
- Thn trng vi bnh nhân suy thn, ph n có thai và cho con bú [3], [69].
- Tiêm truych ch tránh kt ta aciclovir trong thn [3], [69].

Aciclovir có th gây ra mt s tác dng ph sau:
- Có th gp bun nôn, tiêu chng, ni ban, các phn ng v
tht, o giác, bun ng [3], [69].
- ng tiêm truych có th gp các phn 
ch  v trí tiêm [3], [69].
- Kem bôi: Có khi gp cm giác nóng bng hay nhói nh  v trí bôi kèm
 nh [3], [69].

             

     


[69].
Tuy nhiên, 
     hoàn
[13] 
viêm,


 [48].


             
[27].
7
aciclovir


1.3. aciclovir
STT   

1 Herpevir Viên nén 200 mg
Sanofi Synthelabo VN
2 Vitrazolin LL Kem 5 %, tuýp 5g

3 Zovirax
Viên nén 200, 400 và 800 mg
Glaxo SmithKline
Viên phân tán 200, 400 và 800 mg
 250 mg/5ml, chai 125
Kem 5 %, tu
ýp
2
g
 3 %, tu
ýp
4,5
g
 200 mg/5ml
4 Zoraxin
Viên nén 200, 400 và 800 mg Valor Pharmaceuticals

Kem 5 %, tuýp 2g và 10g
5
Aciclovir
Stada
Viên nén 200 và 800 mg Stada –VN
Kem 5 %, tuýp 2g, 5g
6 Vacrax
Viên nén 200 mg Samchully Pharm
Kem 5 %, tuýp 5g
7 Hutevir Viên nén 200 mg
Hutecs Korea
Pharmaceutical
8 Aciclovir Viên nén 200 mg Sinil Pharmaceuticals
9 Herpex Viên nén 200 mg Torrent Pharmaceuticals
10 Genvir Viên GPKD 600 mg
Flamel Technologies
1.1aciclovir 
ACV 
[55], [66]
các , 
[69]. 

áp .
8

Các  

.
   D,E-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl) - DL- aspartamid -O-
succinyl aciclovir        [41]   


 -
succinylaciclovir và ACV. D, 
-succinylaciclovir  . Các tác


 PEG- Valaciclovir
2

[86] 
và D-
 8,  
.  này
.
Ngoài ra,  este 
 
          
khai thác.
Các  L-Valin-ACV và D-valin-
– .
Sau khi  
 [45].
Valaciclovir là -
–  ACV [27], [69]. Valaciclovir 
peptid (PEPT1 và PEPT2) nên 
      [38]       
9
              

[43] 

 %.
Val-valaciclovir 
 tá
 [54], [70].
Các  dipeptid L-Valin-L-valin-aciclovir, L-valin-D-valin-
aciclovir và D-valin-L-valin-aciclovir [71] 
minh nên -2 theo
L-valin-D-valin-aciclovir > L-Valin-L-valin-aciclovir > Valaciclovir >
D-valin-L-valin-aciclovir.
Các  L-alanin-ACV, L-serin-ACV, L-isoleucin-ACV và L-
valin-ACV [50]  
      
Caco-2. Các    này       
 
 L-serin-ACV và L-valin-ACV 
p<0.05). C
max
L-
serin-ACV (39 ± L-valin-ACV và 15
 
              
 
bào Caco-2 .
 squalenoyl-aciclovir 1,1

,2-tris-
nor-squalen và ACV)       [65]   có
              
liposom.
 

-valin 
10
              
 
[69].




      [58]      
glycocholat (NaGC), ba acylcarnitin là palmitoyl-DL- carnitin clorid (PCC),
DL-octanoylcarnitin clorid (OCC), DL-stearoylcarnitin clorid (SCC) và micel

ràng



 
      -OCC làm
p
micel NaGC-
± 0,62.10
-5
) > tá tràng (6,82 ± 0,30.10
-5
)>
 ± 0,08.10
-5
! ± 0,14.10
-5

) >
 ± 0,22.10
-5

 tá tràng (2,49 ± 0,44.10
-5
) >
± 0,03.10
-5
!

              
 
– acylcarnitin có th

[8] 
          -hydroxypropyl E-
11
         
     -hydroxypropyl E-     
ACV), natri deoxycholat (5 %), natri laurylsulfat (1 %), acid tactric (5 %) làm

 
[66] 
-2 -
E-cyclodextrin, chitosan hydroclorid và
natri laurylsulfat (NaLS TEER (





 % dimethyl E-cyclodextrin, 0,5 % CH và 0,015 % NaLS
-


      % dimethyl E-cyclodextrin + 0,5 % chitosan
hydroclorid; 5 % dimethyl E-cyclodextrin + 0,015 % NaLS; 0,5 % chitosan
hydroclorid + 0,015 % NaLS 
-
-[53] 
          E- 
aciclovir-E- : 
Sprague-Dawley 

 - 

     [55]       
– Na
2

in vitro -2 và in vivo qua 
12
glutamat (1 
aciclovir - %) / EDTA-
Na
2
(0,01 %) và chitosan glutamat 3 
       -   hí

chitosan glutamat (1 %)/ EDTA-Na

2
(0,01 

in vivo  
 aciclovir 
 %)/ EDTA-Na
2
(0,01 %) và chitosan glutamat 1 %

aciclovir  
Carbomer 974P (1 %)/EDTA-Na
2
(0,01 

 
      


       ȕ-cyclodextrin) và
«

1.1.2.3. aciclovir 
        
(
) [31], [72]. 

.




×