Một số vấn đề an toàn của kết cấu dàn lưới không gian

Một số vấn đề về an toàn của
kết cấu dàn l5ới không gian

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1. Mở đầu
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%"5 -"]-& 4+ F'T) ^4H? ?3L' 9_, D>? 9@+ A/- B4C'S )/ -X F,-& AR- AR- ?",1 ?"> 9V9
A7-& D>? 9@+ ?3+1N- ?"`-& -"4a A/- ^W DbM ?"cPS A/- d( ?E-& 9`? ?"cPS de- f ^[ )V' d(
?E-& 9`? ?"cPS "g )V' A;1 ^#^##
ở h'g? %,)S ?3(- F45-& 9E-& -&"'gP "MV F@? -4C9S -"'N+ 9E-& ?3W-" ^4H? D"Y+ FLS 9X
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9E-& -&"'gP ^#^# F4H9 U;1 A=-& j -"'N+ -k'S ?3M-& FX 9V9 -"/ ?"'>? D> FG 9"8- D>? 9@+
A/- B4C' D"E-& &',- B/) )V' 9"l# m"n-& "7-S -"/ ?"' F@+ *+R- %&=, o./ %L'pS -"/ ?"'
F@+ ?"T ?",M %,) 6q-"S I;- d,1 *+`9 ?> %L' r/' ^#^# %"'N+ FN ?/' 9@P rLS 9s-& -"4
9V9 9E-& ?3W-" -&"'(- 9t+ uvS wS xS y###z FG F4H9 ?'>- "/-" FT P";- ?{9" B| ?"+1>? ^/ ?"=9
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2. Kiểm tra bền
2.1 Sơ đồ tính
h'g9 ?{-" ?MV- -L' B=9 9_, D>? 9@+ A/- B4C' D"E-& &',- FG F4H9 )L? I` 9k Ij ?"=9 "'g-
o!345-& 67' .89 :;1 <=-&S h'g- 0.m% :;1 <=-&S !345-& 67' "89 0'>- !3~9 ./
%L'S ^#^#p#
$,+ D"' FG 9"@P -"O- )L? Ik Fồ ?{-" ?MV- -/M FXS ?"W ^C' 9V9 9"4k-& ?3W-" q+l- ?"+L9
o$PS $!<S ^#^#pS ?, 9X ?"T ?{-" F4H9 -L' B=9 ?3M-& 9V9 ?",-" A/-#
6`' ^C' D>? 9@+ A/- B4C'S -&45' ?, ?"45-& Aù-& Ik Fồ B'(- D>? D"CP ?7' 9V9 -~?S 9X -&"ĩ,
B/ 9M' ?7' FX )E)l- d}-& D"E-& ^/ 9M' -~? 9X ,- ?M/- 9,M oD"E-& 9R- D'T) ?3, -~? f
D"E-& F4, -~? ^/M Ik Fồ ?{-" ?MV-p#
G'e ?"'>? D"CP ?7' 9V9 -~?S Aẫ- F>- ?3M-& 9V9 ?",-" A/- 9"ỉ 9X B=9 A89 B/ 9X ?"T 9"@P

-"O- F4H9S ^W ->+ P"V? I'-" )E )l- ?"W )E)l- -"[S ?"=9 -&"'g) FG 9" ỉ 3, F'N+ FX#
!"lM B| ?"+1>? D>? 9@+S ?7' 9V9 F'T) -~? &'], 9V9 ?",-" ^`- 9X )E)l-S D"' Ik Fồ "MV
9M' B/ D"CP o)E)l- d}-& D"E-&p ?"W "g Ik Fồ "MV 9"q+ B=9 Dc) "k- "g ?"=9# !3M-& D"'
?, deM Fe) ,- ?M/- 9"M "g D"CPS -&"ĩ, B/ "g Dc) "k- )/ FG ,- ?M/-S ?"W "g ?"=9 B7'
9/-& ,- ?M/-#
2.2 An toàn của nút
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9"@P -"O- F4H9 ^C' D>? 9@+ A/- )V' Fk- &'e-S -"4-& ^C' 9V9 ?345-& "HP P"t9 ?7P ?'>-
"/-" ?"=9 -&"'g) &iP -"'N+ D"X D"ă-# Mi? D"V9S ^N B| ?"+1>?S D"' 9"> ?7M 9V9 -~?
D"E-& 9"ỉ -"5 ?"=9 -&"'g) )/ P"e' 9R- 9X ?{-" ?MV- D'T) ?3,#
%>+ D"E-& ?{-" ?MV- D"X )/ d'>? F4H9 -~? ,- ?M/- F>- )t9 -/MS 9"8- ^O? B'g+ B/) -~?
3, I,M ?
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-"4 ?"> -/M B/ "HP B| ? 6T 9"8- ^O? B'g+ -~? "HP B|S deM Fe) ,- ?M/- 9,MS D{9" ?"4C9
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^/ D>? "HP ^C' ?"=9 -&"'g) FT D'T) ?3,#

2.3 Sai số do lắp dựng
ML? Fi9 F'T) q+,- ?38-& 9_, D>? 9@+ A/- B4C' B/ 1(+ 9R+ ^N BắP A=-& 9X FL 9"{-" UV9

9,M# hW F;1 B/ BM7' D>? 9@+ BắP B'(- ?'>P ?"lM ?ừ-& P"R-S 9X ?"T ?{9" B+\ I,' I` FT 9V9
D";+ 9+`' 9ù-& P"7) I,' I` D"E-& 9"M P"cP# 6'N+ FX 9s-& Aẫ- F>- Ik Fồ ?{-" ?MV-
D"V9 U, ^C' D>? 9@+ ?"=9# <M FXS -&M/' ^'g9 deM Fe) BắP A=-& 9"{-" UV9S 9R- P"e' D'T)
?3, D"Me-& 9V9" I,+ D"' BắP A=-&#
!"lM uvzS -&45' ?, ?"45-& D'T) ?3, 9V9 -~? ?"lM P"4k-& -&,-& ^/ A89#S I,' Bg9" ?38-&
?;) 9_, &`' Fỡ ^#^## %"5 BắP A=-& ^/ 9"> ?7M ?`?S -"/ ?"' F@+ %,) 6q-"S I,+ D"' BắP
A=-& UM-& FG D'T) ?3, ?"@1 FN+ -}) ?3M-& )'N- 9"M P"cP#
f 0"Me-& 9V9" I,' 9"M P"cP ?"lM P"4k-& -&,-& ^/ P"4k-& A89 -"/ B/ v/w000 FL A/'
o-"[ "k- w0))p#
f $,' Bg9" ?38-& ?;) 9"M P"cP B/ v/x000 -"qP A/- o-"[ "k- v5))p;
f $,' I` FL 9,M 9_, 9V9 &`' q+,-" d'(- o-"[ "k- v5))p;
mV9 I,' Bg9" ?3(- 9X F4, ^/M Ik Fồ ?{-" ?MV- F4H9 D"E-& ?
!"lM ?'(+ 9"+Y- FL ?'- 9O1 9_, -"'N+ -4C9 ?"W 9X ?"T 9"8- 9V9 I,' I` 9"M P"cP B/) FL
Bg9" 9"+Y- 9_, 9V9 F7' B4H-& -&ẫ+ -"'(- ?",) &', d/' ?MV-# !"lM P"4k-& P"VP ?+1>-
?{-" "MVu7zS ?, ?{-" F4H9 FL ?'- 9O1 ^C' 9V9 I,' I` ?3(-#

3. Kiểm tra an toàn của nút trụ và nút cầu
3.1. Nút trụ và nút cầu đCợc dùng rộng rãi trong kết cấu dàn lCới
P"R- -/1 -&"'(- 9t+ I= P";- d` t-& I+@? ?3M-& -~? D"' 9"q+ 9V9 B=9 9_, 9V9 ?",-" A/-
d}-& P"4k-& P"VP P"R- ?J "]+ "7-# <M d, D{9" ?"4C9 9_, -~? B/ ?4k-& F4k-&S AM FX
Aẫ- F>- &'e' d/' ?MV- B| ?"+1>? F/- "ồ'#
hC' -~? ?3K Aẫ- F>- &'e' d/' ?MV- P"n-& 9_, B| ?"+1>? F/- "ồ'#
hC' -~? 9R+ Aẫ- F>- &'e' d/' ?MV- F/- "ồ' D"E-& &',-#
h@- FN ?4j-& -"4 Fk- &'e- D"' Aù-& 9V9 9"4k-& ?3W-" ?{-" ?MV- D>? 9@+ "'g- "/-"S ?"O?
3, D"E-& P"e' -"4 ^O1S D"X D"ă- j F;1 B/ 9"', P"R- ?J 3, I,M B/ "HP B|S D",' dVM 9V9
P"R- ?J -"4 ?"> -/M ?
3.2. Nút trụ
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",' BCP A/- -`' ^C' -",+ d}-& "g ?",-" 9"`-& "4C-& ?;) o"W-" vp#

0{9" ?"4C9 "W-" "89S Fi9 ?34-& ^O? B'g+ ^/ 9V9" ?"t9 &', 9E-& 9"> ?7M -~? ?+ ỳ ?"+L9 ^/M
?ừ-& BM7' 9E-& ?3W-" ^/ ?3W-" FL 9E-& -&"g 9_, ?ừ-& q+`9 &',#
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?"t9 ?'>- "/-" -"4 I,+a I,+ D"' 9X D>? q+e -L' B=9 ?3M-& 9V9 ?",-" A/-S 9"~-& ?E' ?{-"
?MV- D'T) ?3, dN- 9"M 3'(-& -~? F45-& D{-" 69)S 9"q+ ?V9 AK-& 9_, -&M7' B=9 9X &'V ?3q
d}-& v6 !/?",-"# mK ?"T B/ ^C' 9@+ ?7M -~? ?3KS ^'g9 ?{-" ?MV- -~? F4H9 F4, ^N ?{-" 9"M
)L? FM7- 0S5 9) ?"lM 9"'N+ A/' 9_, ?3K# 6T Fk- &'e- "MVS 9X ?"T D",' dVM BV? ?3K 0S5 9)

-/1 9@+ ?7M ?õ 9V9 P"R- ?J I"lBBI oj ?37-& ?"V' t-& I+@? P"n-&p# !õ D>? q+e t-& I+@?
d'>- A7-& ?7' 9V9 -~? FØ-" 9_, I"lBBIS 9X ?"T D>? B+O- -~? B/ dN- ",1 D"E-&#
hC' 9V9" )E "W-" "MV -~? ?3K -"4 ?3(- 9X ?"T D"n-& Fq-" ^C' )L? 9V9" 9"', P"R- ?J
"HP B| ^/ F_ )q-S D>? q+e ?{-" ?MV- F4, 3, ?õ )V1 ?{-" B/ 9X I,' I` 9X ?"T 9"@P -"O-
F4H9#
?9@9@9 GH,#I-J#,F1!#,7E1#
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3.3. Nót cÇu
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v
w
5
6
7
8y
x
fy000 fw000 0
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SOLIDLOADJOINTS11S22S33S12S13S23S-MAXS-MIDS-MINSVM
1
xwy
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2

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3
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v
w
x
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5
6
7
8
fv000 0 v000
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SOLIDLOADJOINTS11S22S33S12S13S23S-MAXS-MIDS-MINSVM
1
xww
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v
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v
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5
6
7
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4. Tính độ tin cậy của dàn mái không gian
4.1. PhCơng pháp tính
6T ?{-" FL ?'- 9O1 o6!mp 9_, A/- )V' D"E-& &',-S ?, 9R- ?{-" Dỳ ^8-& ^/ P"4k-& I,'S
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max
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Kết luận
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Lời cảm ơn:
Chúng tôi xin chân thành cám ơn GS-TS Nguyễn Văn Phó đã cho nhiều gợi ý quý
báu trong khi hoàn thành nghiên cứu này.
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