Handbook Properties and Selection Nonferrous Alloys and Spl Purpose Mtls (1992) WW Part 5 docx

H55 (15%)

400 58 380 55 9 61 60 . . . . . .
H80 (35%)

470 68 455 66 2 73 66 . . . . . .

(a)

At 10
8
cycles as determined by the rotating-beam test
(b)

At 0.5% extension under load

Table 44 Typical room-temperature and low-temperature (cryogenic) properties of C19400

Tensile strength

Yield strength

at 0.2% offset

Temper

MPa ksi MPa ksi
Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

Room-temperature properties
O61 325 47 170 25 28
H02 405 59 360 52 15
H04 455 66 405 59 10
Cryogenic properties: -196 °C (-320 °F)
O61 475 69 195 28 38
H02 570 83 425 62 30
Table 45 Typical elevated-temperature properties of annealed C19400 strip
Test temperature

Tensile strength, min

Yield strength

at 0.2% offset, min

Creep strength, min
(a)


Stress-rupture

stress, min
(b)

°C °F MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi
Ambient 341 49.5 150 22.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
95 200 313 45.4 144 20.9 . . . . . . . . . . . .
120 250 300 43.5 144 20.9 190 27.6 . . . . . .
150 300 289 41.9 139 20.2 171 24.8 171 24.9

175 350 276 40.1 135 19.6 143 20.8 148 21.4
205 400 266 38.6 131 19.0 124 18.0 125 18.1
230 450 253 36.8 131 19.0 110 16.0 105 15.2
260 500 235 34.1 127 18.4 96 13.9 82 11.9
290 550 219 31.8 123 17.8 84 12.2 65 9.4
(a)

Stress causing secondary creep of 0.01% per 1000 h in a 10,000-h test.
(b)

Stress causing rupture in 100,000 h (extrapolated from 10,000 h)

Table 46 Annealing response of C19400 strip
Annealing temperature

Tensile strength

Yield strength at

0.2% offset
°C °F MPa ksi MPa ksi
Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

Electrical
conductivity,

%IACS
H04 temper

100 212 460 67 450 65 3 66
205 400 450 65 435 63 5 67
315 600 440 64 415 60 9 68
370 700 415 60 385 56 12 68
425 800 415 60 360 52 14 72
480 900 400 59 345 50 16 71
540 1000 385 56 310 45 17 64
(a)

595 1100 350 51 220 32 23 52
650 1200 315 46 140 20 33 51
705 1300 310 45 115 17 34 49
760 1400 305 44 110 16 36 48
815 1500 305 44 110 16 36 48
H10 temper
100 212 510 74 490 71 3 65
205 400 495 72 460 67 5 66
315 600 485 70 415 60 8 67
370 700 330 48 170 25 25 71
425 800 325 47 145 21 27 74
480 900 315 46 140 20 28 69
540 1000 315 46 140 20 31 64
(a)

595 1100 310 45 130 19 33 58
650 1200 305 44 130 19 34 52
705 1300 295 43 115 17 34 49
760 1400 290 42 110 16 35 48
815 1500 285 41 105 15 35 48

(a)

Conductivity may be restored to about 70% IACS by holding at 500 °C (925 °F) for 1 h.

Hardness. See Table 43.
Elastic modulus. Tension, 121 GPa (17.5 × 10
6
psi);
shear, 45.5 GPa (6.6 × 10
6
psi)
Charpy impact strength. Plate, O61 temper: longitudinal,
144 J (106 ft · lbf) at -196 °C (-320 °F); transverse, 99 J
(73 ft · lbf) at -196 °C (-320 °F)
Fatigue strength. See Table 43.
Creep and stress-rupture properties. See Table 45.
Mass Characteristics
Density. 8.78 g/cm
3
(0.317 lb/in.
3
) at 20 °C (68 °F)
Thermal Properties
Liquidus temperature. 1090 °C (1990 °F)
Solidus temperature. 1080 °C (1980 °F)
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion. 16.3 μm/m · K (9.0
μin./in. · °F) at 20 to 300 °C (68 to 572 °F)
Specific heat. 385 J/kg · K (0.092 Btu/lb · °F) at 20 °C (68
°F)
Thermal conductivity. 260 W/m · K (150 Btu/ft · h · °F) at

20 °C (68 °F)
Electrical Properties
Electrical conductivity. Volumetric, at 20 °C (68 °F). O60
temper: 40% IACS nominal. H14 temper: 50% IACS
min. All other tempers: 65% IACS nominal, 60% IACS
min. In O50, O80, and H02 tempers, 75% IACS min
conductivity may be available depending on mill
processing restrictions.
Electrical resistivity. At 20 °C (68 °F). O60 temper: 43.1
nΩ · m nominal. H14 temper: 34.5 nΩ · m max. All
other tempers: 26.6 nΩ · m nominal; may be only 23.0
nΩ · m max under certain circumstances
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic permeability. 1.1
Chemical Properties
General corrosion behavior. Very corrosion resistant and
essentially immune to stress-corrosion cracking
Fabrication Characteristics
Machinability. 20% of C36000 (free-cutting brass)
Formability. Suited to forming by blanking, coining,
coppersmithing, drawing, bending, heading and
upsetting, hot forging and pressing, piercing and
punching, roll threading and knurling, shearing,
spinning, squeezing, and stamping
Weldability. Joining by soldering, brazing, and gas
tungsten arc welding: excellent
Annealing temperature. See Table 46.

C19500
97Cu-1.5Fe-0.1P-0.8Co-0.6Sn

Commercial Names
Trade name. Strescon
Chemical Composition
Composition limits. 1.3 to 1.7 Fe, 0.6 to 1.0 Co, 0.08 to
0.12 P, 0.40 to 0.7 Sn, 0.20 Zn max, 0.02 Al max, 0.02
Pb max, 0.05 max other (each), 0.10 max other (total),
bal Cu
Applications
Typical uses. Electrical springs, sockets, terminals,
connectors, clips, and other current-carrying parts
requiring strength and exceptional softening resistance.
Applications requiring excellent hot and cold
workability, high strength, and high conductivity
Mechanical Properties
Tensile properties. See Table 47.
Table 47 Typical mechanical properties of C19500
Tensile strength Yield strength

at 0.2% offset
Temper

MPa ksi MPa ksi
Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

Hardness, HRB

O61 360 min

52 min

170 min

25 min

25 min . . .
O50 520-590

75-85 395-530

57-77 11-17 81-89
H02 565-620

82-90 505-605

73-88 3-13 85-88
H08 605-670

88-97 585-650

85-94 2-5 87-90
Hardness. See Table 47.
Elastic modulus. Tension, 119 GPa (17.3 × 10
6
psi)
Mass Characteristics
Density. 8.92 g/cm
3
(0.322 lb/in.

3
) at 20 °C (68 °F)
Thermal Properties
Liquidus temperature. 1090 °C (1995 °F)
Solidus temperature. 1085 °C (1985 °F)
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion. 16.9 μm/m · K (9.4
μin./in. · °F) at 20 to 300 °C (68 to 572 °F)
Thermal conductivity. 199 W/m · K (115 Btu/ft · h · °F) at
20 °C (68 °F)
Electrical Properties
Electrical conductivity. Volumetric, 50% IACS at 20 °C
(68 °F), annealed
Electrical resistivity. 34.4 nΩ · m at 20 °C (68 °F)
Fabrication Characteristics
Machinability. 20% of C36000 (free-cutting brass)
Formability. Suited to forming by bending, coining,
drawing, and stamping

C19520
97.97Cu-0.75Fe-1.25Sn-0.03P
Chemical Composition
Composition limits. 0.5 to 1.5 Fe, 0.5 to 1.5 Sn, 0.01 to
0.35 P, 96.6 Cu min
Applications
Typical uses. Lead frames
Mechanical Properties
Tensile properties. See Table 48.
Table 48 Nominal mechanical properties of C19520 strip

Tensile strength

Temper

MPa ksi
Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

Hardness,

HV
H01 415 60 20 125
H02 440 64 10 140
H04 460 67 4 150
H06 515 75 2 160
H08 585 85 . . . 170
H10 640 93 . . . 180
H12 660 96 min . . . 190 min

Hardness. See Table 48.
Elastic modulus. 117 GPa (17 × 10
6
psi)
Mass Characteristics
Density. 8.8 g/cm
3
(0.318 lb/in.
3
) at 20 °C (68 °F)
Thermal Properties

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion. 16.7 μm/m · K (9.3
μin./in. · °F) at 20 to 300 °C (68 to 572 °F)
Thermal conductivity. 173 W/m · K (100 Btu/ft · h · °F) at
20 °C (68 °F)
Electrical Properties
Electrical conductivity. Volumetric, 40% IACS at 20 °C
(68 °F)
Electrical resistivity. 49.3 nΩ · m at 20 °C (68 °F)
C19700
99.15Cu-0.6Fe-0.2P-0.05Mg
Chemical Composition
Composition limits. 0.3 to 1.2 Fe, 0.1 to 0.4 P, 0.01 to 0.2
Mg, 0.2 max each Sn and Zn, 0.05 max each Co, Mn,
Ni, and Pb, 99.8 min Cu + named elements
Applications
Typical uses. Electrical and electronic connectors, circuit
breaker components, fuse clips, cable shielding, and lead
frames, Generally suited to applications requiring
excellent formability combined with high strength and
conductivity
Mechanical Properties
Tensile properties. See Table 49.
Table 49 Nominal mechanical properties of C19700 strip
Tensile
strength
Yield
strength
Temper

MPa

ksi

MPa

ksi

Elongation

in 50 mm

(2 in.), %
Hardness,

HRB
H02 380 55 315 46 10 68
H04 450 65 415 60 6 70
H06 480 70 470 68 3 73
H08 500 73 490 71 2 75

Hardness. See Table 49.
Elastic Modulus. 121 GPa (17.5 × 10
6
psi)
Mass Characteristics
Density. 8.83 g/cm
3
(0.319 lb/in.
3
) at 20 °C (68 °F)

Thermal Properties
Liquidus temperature. 1086 °C (1987 °F)
Solidus temperature. 1069 °C (1956 °F)
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion. 15.8 μm/m · K (8.8
μin./in. · °F) at 20 to 100 °C (68 to 212 °F); 16.8 μm/m ·
K (9.3 μin./in. · °F) at 20 to 200 °C (68 to 392 °F); 17.3
μm/m · K (9.6 μin./in. · °F) at 20 to 300 °C (68 to 572
°F)
Thermal conductivity. 320 W/m · K (185 Btu/ft · h · °F) at
20 °C (68 °F)
Electrical Properties
Electrical conductivity. Volumetric, 80% IACS at 20 °C
(68 °F)
Electrical resistivity. 21.6 nΩ · m at 20 °C (68 °F)
Fabrication Characteristics
Machinability. 20% of C36000 (free-cutting brass)
Formability. Excellent capacity for both cold and hot
forming
Weldability. Soldering and brazing: excellent
Annealing temperature. 450 to 600 °C (840 to 1110 °F)
Hot-working temperature. 750 to 950 °C (1400 to 1740
°F)
C21000
95Cu-5Zn
Commercial Names
Previous trade name. Gilding metal, 95%; CA210
Specifications
ASTM. Rolled bar, plate, sheet, and strip: B 36. Wire: B
134
SAE. J463

Government. Wire: QQ-W-321. Sheet and strip: MIL-C-
21768
Chemical Composition
Composition limits. 94.0 to 96.0 Cu, 0.05 Pb max, 0.05 Fe
max, bal Zn
Effect of zinc content on properties. See Fig. 21.

Fig. 21 Variation of properties with zinc content for wrought copper-zinc alloys
Applications
Typical uses. Coins, medals, tokens, bullet jackets, firing-
pin supports, shells, fuse caps and primers, emblems,
jewelry plaques, base for gold plate, base for vitreous
enamel
Mechanical Properties
Tensile properties. See Table 50 and Fig. 22.
Table 50 Typical mechanical properties of C21000
Tensile strength

Yield strength
(a)


Hardness Shear strength

Temper
MPa ksi MPa ksi
Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

HRB HR30T

MPa ksi
OS050 anneal (0.050 mm grain size)

235 34 69 10 45 46 HRF

. . . . . . . . .
OS035 anneal (0.035 mm grain size)

240 35 76 11 45 52 HRF

4 195 28
OS015 anneal (0.015 mm grain size)

260 38 97 14 42 60 HRF

15 205 30
Quarter hard 290 42 220 32 25 38 44 220 32
Half hard 330 48 275 40 12 52 54 235 34
Hard 385 56 345 50 5 64 60 255 37
Extra hard 420 61 380 55 4 70 64 270 39
Spring 440 64 400 58 4 73 66 275 40
Note: Values for flat products. 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick.
(a)
At 0.5% extension under load


Fig. 22 Variation of tensile strength with annealing temperature for C21000. Data are for 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick ready-to-
finish strip that was

cold rolled 50% then annealed 1 h at the indicated temperature. Recrystallization temperature, 370 °C (700 °F) for initial grain sizes of 0.015
to 0.070 mm
Shear strength. See Table 50.
Hardness. See Table 50.
Elastic modulus. Tension, 115 GPa (17 × 10
6
psi); shear,
44 GPa (6.4 × 10
6
psi)
Velocity of sound. 3.78 km/s at 20 °C (68 °F)
Structure
Crystal structure. Face-centered cubic alpha; lattice
parameter, 0.3627 nm
Minimum interatomic distance. 0.2564 nm
Mass Characteristics
Density. 8.86 g/cm
3
(0.320 lb/in.
3
) at 20 °C (68 °F)
Thermal Properties
Liquidus temperature. 1065 °C (1950 °F)
Solidus temperature. 1050 °C (1920 °F)
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion. 18 μm/m · K
(10μin./in. · °F) at 20 to 300 °C (68 to 572 °F)
Specific heat. 380 J/kg · K (0.09 Btu/lb · °F) at 20 °C (68
°F)
Thermal conductivity. 234 W/m · K (135 Btu/ft · h · °F) at
20 °C (68 °F)

Electrical Properties
Electrical conductivity. Volumetric, 56% IACS at 20 °C
(68 °F), annealed
Electrical resistivity. 31 nΩ · m at 20 °C (68 °F), annealed;
temperature coefficient, 0.0231 nΩ · m per K at 20 °C
(68 °F). Liquid phase: 244 nΩ · m at 1100 °C (2010 °F),
266 nΩ · m at 1300 °C (2370 °F)
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic susceptibility. -1.0 × 10
-6
to -12.5 × 10
-6
(SI
units)
Optical Properties
Spectral reflectance. 90% for λ= 578 nm
Fabrication Characteristics
Machinability. 20% of C36000 (free-cutting brass)
Recrystallization temperature. 370 °C (700 °F) for 50%
reduction and 0.015 to 0.070 mm initial grain size. See
Fig. 22.
Annealing temperature. 425 to 800 °C (800 to 1450 °F)
Hot-working temperature. 750 to 875 °C (1400 to 1600
°F)
C22000
90Cu-10Zn
Commercial Names
Previous trade name. Commercial bronze, 90%; CA220
Specifications
ASTM. Rolled bar, plate, and sheet: B 36. Strip: B 36

and B 130. Cups, bullet jacket: B 131. Tube, rectangular
waveguide: B 372. Seamless tube: B 135. Wire: B 134
SAE. Rolled bar, plate, sheet, strip, and seamless tube:
J463 (CA220)
Government. Wire: QQ-W-321; MIL-W-6712. Bands,
projectile rotating: MIL-B-18907. Blanks, rotating band
for projectiles: MIL-B-20292. Cups, bullet jacket: MIL-
C-3383. Sheet and strip: MIL-C-21768. Tube,
rectangular waveguide: MIL-W-85. Seamless tube for
microwave use: MIL-T-52069
Chemical Composition
Composition limits. 89.0 to 91.0 Cu, 0.05 Pb max, 0.05 Fe
max, bal Zn
Consequence of exceeding impurity limits. See general
statement for brasses under C26000.
Effect of zinc content on properties. See Fig. 21.
Applications
Typical uses. Architectural: etching bronze, grillwork,
screen cloth, weather stripping. Hardware: escutcheons,
kickplates, line clamps, marine hardware, rivets, screws,
screw shells. Munitions: primer caps, rotating bands.
Miscellaneous: compacts, lipstick cases, costume
jewelry, ornamental trim, screen wire, base for vitreous
enamel, waveguides
Mechanical Properties
Tensile properties. See Table 51 and Fig. 23
Table 51 Typical mechanical properties of C22000
Tensile
strength
Yield

strength
(a)


Hardness Shear strength

Temper

MPa

ksi

MPa

ksi

Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

HRF HR30T

MPa ksi
Flat products, 1 mm (0.040 in.) thick
OS050 255 37 69 10 45 53 6 195 28
OS035 260 38 83 12 45 57 12 205 30
OS025 270 39 97 14 44 60 16 215 31
OS015 280 41 105 15 42 65 26 220 32
H01 310 45 240 35 25 42 HRB

44 230 33
H02 360 52 310 45 11 58 HRB

56 240 35
H04 420 61 370 54 5 70 HRB

63 260 38
H06 460 67 400 58 4 75 HRB

67 275 40
H08 495 72 425 62 3 78 HRB

69 290 42
M20 270 39 97 14 44 60 . . . 215 31
Flat products, 6 mm (0.250 in.) thick
OS035 260 38 83 12 50 57 . . . 205 30
H02 360 52 310 45 15 58 HRB

. . . 240 35
M20 255 37 69 10 45 53 . . . 195 28
Wire, 2 mm (0.080 in.) diameter
OS035 275 40 . . . . . .

50 . . . . . . 205 30
OS015 290 42 . . . . . .

48 . . . . . . 220 32
H00 305 44 . . . . . .

27 . . . . . . 230 33

H01 345 50 . . . . . .

13 . . . . . . 235 34
H02 415 60 . . . . . .

6 . . . . . . 255 37
H04 510 74 . . . . . .

4 . . . . . . 290 42
H06 570 83 . . . . . .

3 . . . . . . . . . . . .
H08 620 90 . . . . . .

3 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tubing, 25 mm (1 in.) outside diameter × 1.65 mm (0.065 in.) wall thickness
OS025 260 38 83 12 50 57 12 . . . . . .
H80
(b)
415 60 365 53 6 69 HRB

62 . . . . . .
Rod, 12.7 mm (0.500 in.) diameter
OS035 275 40 . . . . . .

50 55 . . . 220 32
H00 310 45 . . . . . .

25 42 HRB

. . . 230 33

(a)

At 0.5% extension under load.
(b)

Drawn 35%


Fig. 23
Variation of tensile strength and grain size with annealing temperature for C22000. Data are for rod less than 25 mm (1 in.) in
diameter that was cold
drawn to a 37% reduction in area and then annealed 1 h at the indicated temperature. Grain size before annealing was
0.050 mm.
Shear strength. See Table 51.
Hardness. See Table 51.
Elastic modulus. Tension, 115 GPa (17 × 10
6
psi); shear,
44 GPa (6.4 × 10
6
psi)
Fatigue strength. Spring temper flat product 1.0 mm (0.40
in.) thick: 145 MPa (21 ksi) at 15 × 10
6
cycles; hard wire
2.0 mm (0.080 in.) in diameter: 160 MPa (23 ksi) at 10
8

cycles
Velocity of sound. 3720 m/s (12,200 ft/s) at 20 °C (68 °F)
Structure
Crystal structure. Face-centered cubic α; lattice
parameter, 0.364 nm
Minimum interatomic distance. 0.257 nm
Mass Characteristics
Density. 8.80 g/cm
3
(0.318 lb/in.
3
) at 20 °C (68 °F)
Thermal Properties
Liquidus temperature. 1045 °C (1910 °F)
Solidus temperature. 1020 °C (1870 °F)
Boiling point. About 1400 °C (2550 °F) at 101 kPa (1
atm)
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion. 18.4 μm/m · K
(10.2 μin./in. · °F) at 20 to 300 °C (68 to 572 °F), cold
rolled
Specific heat. 376 J/kg · K (0.09 Btu/lb · °F) at 20 °C (68
°F)
Thermal conductivity. 189 W/m · K (109 Btu/ft · h · °F) at
20 °C (68 °F)
Electrical Properties
Electrical conductivity. Volumetric, 44% IACS at 20 °C
(68 °F), annealed
Electrical resistivity. 39.1 nΩ · m at 20 °C (68 °F). Liquid
phase, 272 nΩ · at 1100 °C (2012 °F). Temperature
coefficient, 0.00186 nΩ · m per K at 20 °C (68 °F)

Magnetic Properties
Magnetic susceptibility. -0.086 × 10
-6
to -1.00 × 10
-6
(cgs
units)
Fabrication Characteristics
Machinability. 20% of C36000 (free-cutting brass)
Recrystallization temperature. 370 °C (700 °F) for 37%
reduction and 0.050 mm (0.002 in.) initial grain size.
See Fig. 23.
Annealing temperature. 425 to 800 °C (800 to 1450 °F)
Hot-working temperature. 750 to 875 °C (1400 to 1600
°F)
C22600
87.5Cu-12.5Zn
Commercial Names
Previous trade name. Jewelry bronze, 87
1
2
%; CA226
Common name. Jewelry bronze
Chemical Composition
Composition limits. 86.0 to 89.0 Cu, 0.05 Pb max, 0.005
Fe max, bal Zn
Applications
Typical uses. Architectural: angles, channels. Hardware:
chain, eyelets, fasteners, slide fasteners. Novelties:
compacts, costume jewelry, emblems, etched articles,

lipstick containers, plaques, base for gold plate
Mechanical Properties
Tensile properties. See Table 52 and Fig. 24.
Table 52 Typical mechanical properties of C22600
Tensile strength

Yield
strength
(a)


Shear strength

Temper

MPa ksi MPa

ksi

Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

Hardness

MPa ksi
Flat products, 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick
OS050 270 39 76 11 46 55 HRF 200 29
OS035 275 40 90 13 45 59 HRF 205 30
OS025 290 42 105 15 44 64 HRF 215 31

OS015 305 44 110 16 42 68 HRF 220 32
H01 325 47 255 37 25 47 HRB 235 34
H02 370 54 325 47 12 61 HRB 250 36
H04 455 66 385 56 5 73 HRB 275 40
H06 495 72 415 60 4 78 HRB 290 42
H08 545 79 425 62 4 82 HRB 305 44
Wire, 2 mm (0.08 in.) diameter
OS050 275 40 90 13 44 . . . 200 29
OS035 285 41 105 15 42 . . . 205 30
OS025 295 43 115 17 40 . . . 215 31
OS015 310 45 125 18 38 . . . 220 32
H00 325 47 240 35 26 . . . 235 34
H01 385 56 360 52 12 . . . 250 36
H02 470 68 415 60 7 70 HRB 275 40
H04 570 83 440 64 5 . . . . . . . . .
H06 615 89 450 65 4 . . . . . . . . .
H08 670 97 455 66 3 . . . . . . . . .

(a)

At 0.5% extension under load

Shear strength. See Table 52.
Elastic modulus. Tension, 115 GPa (17 × 10
6
psi); shear,
44 GPa (6.4 × 10
6
psi)
Mass Characteristics

Density. 8.78 g/cm
3
(0.317 lb/in.
3
) at 20 °C (68 °F)
Thermal Properties
Liquidus temperature. 1035 °C (1895 °F)
Solidus temperature. 1005 °C (1840 °F)
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion. 18.6 μm/m · K
(10.3 μin./in. · °F) at 20 to 300 °C (68 to 572 °F)
Specific heat. 380 J/kg · K (0.09 Btu/lb · °F) at 20 °C (68
°F)
Thermal conductivity. 173 W/m · K (100 Btu/ft · h · °F) at
20 °C (68 °F)
Electrical Properties
Electrical conductivity. Volumetric, 40% IACS at 20 °C
(68 °F), annealed
Electrical resistivity. 43 nΩ · m at 20 °C (68 °F), annealed
Fabrication Characteristics
Machinability. 30% of C36000 (free-cutting brass)
Recrystallization temperature. About 330 °C (625 °F) for
1 mm (0.04 in.) strip rolled six Brown and Sharpe
numbers hard from a 0.035 mm (0.001 in.) grain size.
See also Fig. 24.
Annealing temperature. 425 to 750 °C (800 to 1400 °F)
Hot-working temperature. 750 to 900 °C (1400 to 1650
°F)
C23000
85Cu-15Zn
Commercial Names

Previous trade name. Red brass, 85%; CA230
Common name. Red brass
Specifications
ASME. Pipe: SB43. Condenser tubing: SB111. Finned
tubing: SB359. U-bend tubing: SB395
ASTM. Plate, sheet, strip, hot-rolled bar: B 36. Pipe: B
43. Condenser tubing: B 111. Finned tubing: B 359.
Seamless tubing: B 135. U-bend tubing: B 395. Wire: B
134
SAE. Sheet, strip, seamless tube: J463 (CA230)
Government. Bar, forgings, rod, shapes, strip: QQ-B-626.
Plate, sheet, strip, hot-rolled bar: QQ-B-613. Pipe: WW-
P-351. Seamless tubing: WW-T-791; MIL-T-20168.
Wire: QQ-W-321

Fig. 24
Annealing characteristics of C22600. Data are for jewelry
bronze strip with an initial grain size of 0.035 mm that was cold rolled
50% to a thickness of 1 mm (0.04 in.) and anneale
d 1 h at various
temperatures.
Chemical Composition
Composition limits. 84.0 to 86.0 Cu, 0.06 Pb max, 0.05 Fe
max, bal Zn
Consequence of exceeding impurity limits. See general
statement for cartridge brass (C26000).
Effect of zinc on properties. See Fig. 21.
Applications
Typical uses. Architectural: etching parts, trim, weather
strip. Electrical: conduit, screw shells, sockets.

Hardware: eyelets, fasteners, fire extinguishers.
Industrial: condenser and heat exchanger tubes, flexible
hose, pickling crates, pump lines, radiator cores.
Plumbing: plumbing pipe, J-bends, service lines, traps.
Miscellaneous: badges, compacts, costume jewelry,
dials, etched articles, lipstick containers, nameplates,
tags
Mechanical Properties
Tensile properties. See Table 53 and Fig. 25.
Table 53 Typical mechanical properties of C23000
Tensile
strength
Yield
strength
(a)


Hardness Shear strength

Temper
MPa

ksi MPa

ksi

Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

HRF HR30T

MPa ksi
Flat products, 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick
OS070 270 39 69 10 48 56 10 215 31
OS050 275 40 83 12 47 59 14 215 31
OS035 285 41 97 14 46 63 22 215 31
OS025 295 43 110 16 44 66 28 220 32
OS015 310 45 125 18 42 71 38 230 33
H01 345 50 270 39 25 55 HRB

54 240 35
H02 395 57 340 49 12 65 HRB

60 255 37
H04 485 70 395 57 5 77 HRB

68 290 42
H06 540 78 420 61 4 83 HRB

72 305 44
H08 580 84 435 63 3 86 HRB

74 315 46
Wire, 2 mm (0.08 in.) diameter
OS035 285 41 . . . . . .

48 . . . . . . 215 31
OS025 295 43 . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . 220 32
OS015 310 45 . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . 230 33
H00 345 50 . . . . . .

25 . . . . . . 240 35
H01 405 59 . . . . . .

11 . . . . . . 260 38
H02 295 72 . . . . . .

8 . . . . . . 295 43
H04 605 88 . . . . . .

6 . . . . . . 330 48
H08 725 105

. . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . 370 54
Tubing, 25 mm (1.0 in.) outside diameter × 1.65 mm (0.065 in.) wall thickness
OS050 275 40 83 12 55 60 15 . . . . . .
OS015 305 44 125 18 45 71 38 . . . . . .
H55 (15%)

345 50 275 40 30 55 HRB

54 . . . . . .
H80 (35%)

485 70 365 53 8 77 HRB

68 . . . . . .
Pipe, 19 mm (0.75 in.) SPS
OS015 305 44 125 18 45 71 . . . . . . . . .

(a)

At 0.5% extension under load

Shear strength. See Table 53.
Hardness. See Table 53.
Impact strength. Izod: cast, 45 J (33 ft · lbf); cast and
annealed, 43 J (32 ft · lbf). Charpy keyhole: annealed rod,
69 J (51 ft · lbf). See also Fig. 26.

Fig. 26
Impact strength of C23000. Charpy keyhole specimens were machined from O61 temper material, then tested at the indicated
temperatures. Impact strengths represent energy absorbed without fracture.
Elastic modulus. Tension, 115 GPa (17 × 10
6
psi); shear,
44 GPa (6.4 × 10
6
psi)
Fatigue strength. Rod, H00 temper, 140 MPa (20 ksi) at
300 × 10
6
cycles

Creep-rupture characteristics. See Fig. 27.

Fig. 25
Annealing characteristics of C23000. Data are for 1 mm (0.04
in.) thick red brass sheet, H06 temper, annealed
1 h at various
temperatures.

Fig. 27 Minimum creep rates for C23000 wire. Data are for red brass wire, 3.2 mm (
0.125 in.) in diameter, that was cold drawn to size, then
tested in the as-drawn or annealed condition.
Velocity of sound. 3660 m/s (12,000 ft/s) at 20 °C (68 °F)
Mass Characteristics
Density. 8.75 g/cm
3
(0.316 lb/in.
3
) at 20 °C (68 °F)
Thermal Properties
Liquidus temperature. 1025 °C (1880 °F)
Solidus temperature. 990 °C (1810 °F)
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion. 18.7 μm/m · K
(10.4 μin./in. · °F) at 20 to 300 °C (68 to 572 °F), cold
rolled
Specific heat. 380 J/kg · K (0.09 Btu/lb · °F) at 20 °C (68
°F)
Thermal conductivity. 159 W/m · K (92 Btu/ft · h · °F) at
20 °C (68 °F)
Electrical Properties
Electrical conductivity. Volumetric, 37% IACS at 20 °C

(68 °F), annealed
Electrical resistivity. 47 nΩ · m at 20 °C (68 °F), annealed.
Liquid: 299 nΩ · m at 1100 °C (2012 °F); 304 nΩ · m at
1200 °C (2192 °F). Temperature coefficient, 0.0016/°C
at 20 °C (68 °F)
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic susceptibility. Approximately -1.00 × 10
-6
(cgs
units)
Fabrication Characteristics
Machinability. 30% of C26000 (free-cutting brass)
Recrystallization temperature. About 350 °C (660 °F) for
1 mm (0.04 in.) sheet rolled six Brown and Sharpe
numbers hard with a 50% reduction and 0.035 mm
(0.001 in.) initial grain size
Annealing temperature. 425 to 725 °C (800 to 1350 °F).
See also Fig. 25.
Hot-working temperature. 800 to 900 °C (1450 to 1650
°F)
C24000
80Cu-20Zn
Commercial Names
Trade name. Low brass, 80%; CA240
Common name. Low brass
Specifications
ASTM. Flat products: B 36. Wire: B 134
SAE. Sheet, strip: J463 (CA240)
Government. Finished-edge bar and strip, forgings, rod,
shapes: QQ-B-626. Rolled bar, plate, sheet, strip: QQ-B-

613. Wire: QQ-W-321. Brazing alloy wire: QQ-B-650
Chemical Composition
Composition limits. 78.5 to 81.5 Cu, 0.05 Pb max, 0.05 Fe
max, bal Zn
Effect of zinc content on properties. See Fig. 21.
Applications
Typical uses. Ornamental metal work, medallions,
spandrels, electrical battery caps, bellows and musical
instruments, clock dials, flexible hose, pump lines,
tokens
Mechanical Properties
Tensile properties. See Table 54 and Fig. 28.
Table 54 Typical mechanical properties of C24000
Tensile
strength
Yield
strength
(a)


Hardness Shear strength

Temper

MPa

ksi MPa

ksi

Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

HRF HR30T

MPa ksi
Flat products, 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick
OS070 290 42 83 12 52 57 8 . . . . . .
OS050 305 44 97 14 50 61 16 220 32
OS035 315 46 105 15 48 66 28 . . . . . .
OS025 330 48 115 17 47 69 32 . . . . . .
OS015 345 50 140 20 46 75 42 230 33
H01 365 53 275 40 30 55 HRB

54 250 36
H02 420 61 345 50 18 70 HRB

64 270 39
H04 510 74 405 59 7 82 HRB

71 295 43
H08 625 91 450 65 3 91 HRB

77 330 48
Wire, 2 mm (0.08 in.) diameter
OS050 305 44 . . . . . .

55 . . . . . . 220 32
OS035 315 46 . . . . . .

50 . . . . . . . . . . . .
OS015 345 50 . . . . . .

47 . . . . . . 230 33
H00 385 56 . . . . . .

27 . . . . . . 255 37
H01 470 68 . . . . . .

12 . . . . . . 290 42
H02 565 82 . . . . . .

8 . . . . . . 325 47
H04 740 107

. . . . . .

5 . . . . . . 365 53
H06 800 116

. . . . . .

4 . . . . . . . . . . . .
H08 860 125

. . . . . .

3 . . . . . . 415 60

(a)

At 0.5% extension under load


Fig. 28 Tensile strength and grain size versus annealin
g temperature for C24000, annealed from H02 temper. Data are for low brass with an
initial grain size of 0.060 mm that was cold drawn 37% to a diameter of less than 25 mm (1 in.) and annealed 1 h at the indicated
temperature.
Shear strength. See Table 54.
Hardness. See Table 54.
Elastic modulus. Tension, 110 GPa (16 × 10
6
psi); shear,
40 GPa (6 × 10
6
psi)
Fatigue strength. 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick strip, H08 temper:
165 MPa (24 ksi) at 20 × 10
6
cycles
Structure
Crystal structure. Face-centered cubic α; lattice
parameter, 0.366 nm
Minimum interatomic distance. 0.259 nm
Mass Characteristics
Density. 8.67 g/cm
3
(0.313 lb/in.
3

) at 20 °C (68 °F)
Solidification shrinkage. 5 to 6%
Thermal Properties
Liquidus temperature. 1000 °C (1830 °F)
Solidus temperature. 965 °C (1770 °F)
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion. 19.1 μm/m · K
(10.6 μin./in. · °F) at 20 to 300 °C (68 to 572 °F)
Specific heat. 380 J/kg · K (0.09 Btu/lb · °F) at 20 °C (68
°F)
Thermal conductivity. 140 W/m · K (81 Btu/ft · h · °F) at
20 °C (68 °F)
Electrical Properties
Electrical conductivity. Volumetric, O61 temper: 32%
IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)
Electrical resistivity. O61 temper: 54 nΩ · m at 20 °C (68
°F). Liquid: 330 nΩ · m at 1000 °C (1830 °F); 338 nΩ ·
m at 1200 °C (2190 °F). Temperature coefficient,
0.00154/°C at 20 °C (68 °F)
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic susceptibility. Approximately -1.00 × 10
-6
(cgs
units)
Fabrication Characteristics
Machinability. 30% of C36000 (free-cutting brass)
Recrystallization temperature. About 400 °C (750 °F) for
37% reduction and 0.060 mm initial grain size
Annealing temperature. 425 to 700 °C (800 to 1300 °F).
See also Fig. 28.
Hot-working temperature. 825 to 900 °C (1500 to 1650

°F)
C26000
70Cu-30Zn
Commercial Names
Previous trade name. Cartridge brass, 70%; CA260
Common name. Cartridge brass, 70-30 brass, spinning
brass, spring brass, extra-quality brass
Specifications
AMS. Flat products: 4505, 4507. Tube: 4555
ASTM. Flat products: B 19, B 36, B 569. Cups for
cartridge cases: B 129. Tube: B 135, B 587. Wire: B 134
SAE. J463
Government. Flat products: QQ-B-613, QQ-B-626, MIL-
C-50. Rod, bar, shapes, forgings: QQ-B-626. Tube:
MIL-T-6945, MIL-T-20219. Wire: QQ-W-321, QQ-B-
650. Shim stock, laminated: MIL-S-22499. Cups for
cartridge cases: MIL-C-10375
Chemical Composition
Composition limits. 68.5 to 71.5 Cu, 0.07 Pb max, 0.05 Fe
max, 0.15 max other (total), bal Zn
Effect of zinc on properties. See Fig. 21.
Lead should be kept under 0.01% for hot rolling,
although additions of lead up to 4% improve
machinability in material processed by extrusion and
cold working. Lead lowers room-temperature ductility in
brass and leads to hot shortness at temperatures above
315 °C (600 °F).
Aluminum at levels as high as 2% has no adverse effect
on hot or cold working. However, annealing and grain
size are affected.

Arsenic does not affect hot or cold working, but it tends
to refine the grain size, thereby lowering ductility.
Cadmium. The effects of cadmium are not universally
agreed upon; some claim as much as 0.10% has little
effect, others maintain that it should be kept below
0.05%.
Chromium affects temperature of anneal and grain size.
This condition is aggravated when iron is present.
Iron chiefly affects annealing and magnetic properties.
Nickel restrains grain growth.
Phosphorus has no adverse effect up to 0.04%; it does,
however, restrain grain growth, increase tensile strength,
and lower ductility to some extent.
Applications
Typical uses. Architectural: grillwork. Automotive:
radiator cores and tanks. Electrical: bead chain.
flashlight shells, reflectors, lamp fixtures, socket shells,
screw shells. Hardware: eyelets, fasteners, pins, hinges,
kickplates, locks, rivets, springs, stampings, tubes,
etched articles. Munitions: ammunition components,
particularly cartridge cases. Plumbing: accessories,
fittings. Industrial: pump and power cylinders, cylinder
liners
Precautions in use. Highly susceptible season cracking in
ammoniacal environments
Mechanical Properties
Tensile properties. See Tables 55 and 56 and Fig. 29, 30,
and 31.
Table 55 Typical mechanical properties of C26000
Tensile strength

Yield strength
(a)


Hardness Shear strength

Fatigue strength
(b)


Temper

MPa ksi MPa ksi
Elongation in

50 mm (2 in.), %

HRF HR30T

MPa ksi MPa ksi
Flat products, 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick
OS100 300 44 75 11 68 54 11 215 31 90 13
OS070 315 46 95 14 65 58 15 220 32 90 13
OS050 325 47 105 15 62 64 26 230 33 . . . . . .
OS035 340 49 115 17 57 68 31 235 34 95 14
OS025 350 51 130 19 55 72 36 235 34 . . . . . .
OS015 365 53 150 22 54 78 43 240 35 105 15
H01 370 54 275 40 43 55 HRB

54 250 36 . . . . . .
H02 425 62 360 52 23 70 HRB

65 275 40 125 18
H04 525 76 435 63 8 82 HRB

73 305 44 145 21
H06 595 86 450 65 5 83 HRB

76 315 46 . . . . . .
H08 650 94 . . . . . . 3 91 HRB

77 330 48 160 23
H10 680 99 . . . . . . 3 93 HRB

78 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wire, 2 mm (0.08 in.) diameter
OS050 330 48 110 16 64 . . . . . . 230 33 . . . . . .
OS035 345 50 125 18 60 . . . . . . 235 34 . . . . . .
OS025 360 52 145 21 58 . . . . . . 240 35 . . . . . .
OS015 370 54 160 23 58 . . . . . . 250 36 . . . . . .
H00 400 58 315 46 35 . . . . . . 260 38 . . . . . .
H01 485 70 395 57 20 . . . . . . 290 42 . . . . . .
H06 855 124 . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H08 895 130 . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . 415 60 150 22
Tube, 25 mm (1 in.) outside diameter × 1.6 mm (0.065 in.) wall thickness
OS050 325 47 105 15 65 64 26 . . . . . . . . . . . .
OS025 360 52 140 20 55 75 40 . . . . . . . . . . . .
H80 540 78 440 64 8 82 HRB

73 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rod, 25 mm (1.0 in.) diameter
OS050 330 48 110 16 65 65 . . . 235 34 . . . . . .
H00 380 55 275 40 48 60 HRB

. . . 260 38 . . . . . .
H02 480 70 360 52 30 80 HRB

. . . 290 42 22
(c)
150
(c)


(a)

At 0.5% extension under load.
(b)

Reverse bending, at 10
8
cycles.
(c)

Reverse bending, at 5 × 10
7
cycles

Table 56 Typical tensile properties of cold-rolled and annealed C26000 sheet
Tensile

strength
Direction in sheet

MPa

ksi

Elongation,

%
Parallel to RD 330 48 59
40° to RD 305 44 66
90° to RD 325 47 61
Note: Approximate values for material given a ready-to-
finish anneal at 400 °C (750 °F), then cold rolled 70% and annealed 1 h at