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Ok7#m#OHJghrOp•g
37QhJK|#27rwvR7OghT2
rTHORST‹qa~YT2R
N‘JZ2JghOghYN1/ 
Bảng1.1: Sản lượng và nhu cầu tiêu thụ xi măng từ 2008 - 2012
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1223405#3637
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Bảng 1.2: Một số nhà máy xi măng có công suất lớn ở Việt Nam
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(—2q0yvR2MX–[~({OO2#7
”OŽNJ[#gR
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1.3.1. Công nghệ sản xuất xi măng
7#q70#J#22•#O237
1223405#3637
  !" #
+ Công nghệ sản xuất xi măng lò đứngmvOO{Jz‚5 T
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€O{xJPXXXXuyqO{Jz{Z[vN\N7|#2Ogh
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„” "qS2r2tKTK37L
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+ Công nghệ sản xuất xi măng lò quay:a•vZ[mvO
(|‰q0‚1N T)](37O{r#a3
Ok"Jghka#N„J_a##2q"]j"O7qvR7"
OghNK363Tgi7#q37
O{r#J#~#v37O{JzNO{r#g
gk
T2i#N5#r#q70#‚\|\O{
r#3”m# T)]x3”G9XXuy(|\
giR3JghJ•Z_qN7]„J_a#g##2q""]\
Oghqt"O7OkN|363Tgi

1.3.2. Nhiên liệu dùng cho sản xuất clinker xi măng
$K72rTH|mJN3q•q#3N
27J_#2JKT#z“#3Nk#2R2ORST
q~J]"O7JKa]O7Jv7J_R2G^<X
X
(
jm#"O7gLJvrTHqj2]O7 "
N7O„#4O2"O72_N2J\R7vZ[q37m#5
KqYN•"O7aKJgh2
 3giq"O7Q237•M
O2"O7Rjq"O7O”q"O7Tl
+ Nhiên liệu khí:$|OO2"O7]NH6qvZ[J]J
q7T[#2NR3aT2 "q"O7RjjJghQT23
7NgiŒJghwRJgh|„
~”Rj™70#qŒa0Tl 1HwRj„
"L”Rj \JKORSTqg7#•Jƒ
K#"O7Tl
+ Nhiên liệu lỏng:0"O7O”giQO~šˆqa7Ogh#2
xUXXXR#OuRyNR3aT2q6 "w"O7O”"
~vZ[J]z"O7Rj$ITg"O7O”OLT
O”4q2Ja~2Jgh~aRjgkNT2S$KJ]
Jgh~T2O{qgi#~TgkZ}vZ[T#2Jt
7q22~a7J_GXX’GGX
2
(#JaN2O{ T2„v
70#qw~JKORSTOjq2Ja~7#j
1223405#3637
  !" #
Jghw(mv"O7RjJghQT2#J2aO{2IJ]Rv
hNk#R~v

+ Nhiên liệu rắn 0"O7Tl giJghw  O#  Jx#
#T#yqR3agJKg#O2T"gOJghQtZv
7#
V"~Ogh#
‹07›<<XXR#OuR
‹OghT2G<’9<–
‹$]NkO{r#gR3qOghOgœT2#0v
#R3JJgh_T2jR…‚T"q]h##
\O2# #Q2O{r#JghR3N\[q"~J_
[•<–{OT"XqXPqNJ_YžŸG–
0#qNkHH"O7„"_R#vqNJK
rvNJ\3Tgigi#Jƒ"zNw73_]v
37q37O"O7J]2O{r#
/_]v37gTq5#
/_]v37gqO]33qI~m#rTHO4
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  !" #
‹OO
T2377JvZ[OOO{N7NOOJgh
wtZv
vZ[OOO{N7a2•\O{2xU’GGO{2yJgh
OlT„vN2N”O{r#L~]¦3OO vZ[OOO{N7
giŒJ3PXX’GXXXu(O{R3KJghv2NkK
jOk2T4OghO{rI!{N7agJKON]J~gZN
jqg|v•q7J_ORSTT#R”O{#2x9XX
2
(y/IQ
vZ[JghOO_~Z}gkqvZ[{#2
vZ[OOJghwT_TƒT2377JNk
7#2NaKJ\Œ]J_OOhOp(ORSTT"O
OqKJ_S2gzKJ_22qJY•ORST5J~
aJvJ~_kvZ[OOqORSTJghOO#Z}
gzOOg©Zzqir#2NTªJ•iaKv
Rv|\O~S2\T_ vZ[OOjh24
O23O{xgiOkG9XXORSTuy
+GmCS"#]j;
(ORST#RT#R”O{JghmGX’G<}JjO_
ORSTJv7J_giqJZ27rJ‚\T2\ T2
R2mq(#ˆ„2T2ORST˜NkgkT2R3Rj2

(#xˆy9q22tJ[KjT2rTHJaTl#•g
ORST{q6\0gi#•aKgkgQJK
7rOOqT†li#m
+(& "h#O"*)#&
(ORSTq#2N#xvay Jgh J[OghNN2
\JK\[C#\aJ_[”GX–{O
T"XqXUNZO#SOk9PXX9u
CJgh\[H7jZ\INR
ma# "qv\r[˜‘Jv_]7rg
m#\q"#2J7qRaJaZ#27\r
[{O2jqJ_Z\N“m#Z"3
+n_o#&g2Y
CZ_5O3z#Jgh2]vZ[N‚KgNj
qZq~|qJt]7]Tq}O2Z”“N‚Oqv
T]R•z#T#q2JaZ#2
1223405#3637
  !" #
p.HD_L
-,"1>Q XQc"#&>?1#
3.1.1 Tiêu thụ nguyên liệu
Q_N237qvZ[qTHJ_N‚rOp
"#2"O7NOghJKT#_ORSTR#
1gkJ|J[z"TZHm#"O7T"
OghY(Œ]"T2Z]QJghj2_
NkOghORSTOMXXXu#GT7u S2
~ORSTT2|‰Lz3giqGT7ORST
JghGq9MT7
Bảng3.1 : Suất tiêu thụ nguyên liệu của sản xuất clinker và xi măng
&>?1#S"V>] eUQP#W  <>q> "VQ2*
1223405#3637

  !" #
P#rQP#
CS"#]j;
P#rQP#
O"*)#&
P#rQP#
CS"#]j;
P#rQP#
O"*)#&
$N3qJ•q#
J\Œ
Gq<F Gq9F Gq<P‹G>9 Gq9F‹GM9
$N3 ‹ ‹ Gq9X‹G99 ‹
#2 ‹ XqX< ‹ XqXMX
# ‹ XqG^ ‹ XqG><
3.1.2 Tiêu thụ năng lượng
O_rTH"T\Ogh(j
OghvR25MX’^X–j0OghwT2
Z#2•J72vZ[J7qJ_qZqrq
•¢N"O7w2rTHq¢0"O7jw
T2O#q~#RjJ]
(37]7aT2O37O{r#g
R37Ja7]T#2Jt7N#STqz"7
R2FXXR#OuRORST
œ_N2ZqOgh"O7NrTH37
NvZ[Ogh"]JKT#GORSTqOR#
T2rTHq_"Oghj•7
JKR3"O7NORSqJ7"2vZv"O7N
ORSªJ7QJKwOp"O73q7JKR3#T2r
TH7"Ogh2ORSvFX–‹PX–

t"Ogh$7JghQ2\"O7qrJ]
O{qJ_r#O{qrO_ORSq\ORS
T2qRN„u3J2"Ogh
jg#
‹s#NN‚K"O73
‹(YZ["O7
‹(YZ["O7
‹q\""O7
‹!{
‹!_ORS
‹0\
1223405#3637
  !" #
02T#{aOghwLRN„q3J2Th
gvqvZ[N{¢
67 2"Q %C$f[#C >?b##&>?1#S"V>Q e//_]R#
J#€qNgiwSNZ\JKN‚K"
O73 3giqOghw2R#”vR2G–t
Ogh
‹ >^#gA#&>?1#fc# "1#S"V>/0Oghw23J2
Z#2•J‚q\qJ•NN‚K1_]O7#JaJghJ•
TgkRN2O{0"O7TlwT2O{JghJ‚\
NR3 „6]N\wOghJJg2rTHO
R2G9q<Ržu"O73
v‚{5#LJ|Ow757]O{qO_
ORSTJK# „]w_\TJz
OGX’M>Ržu##T#jqP’GURžu#2qGX’GPRžu
Y„#N23]T"q„]3J2""O7Tl
OGXRžuY
60s#>#&/0OghORSTaKJ72q

xZ#2•rqJ_O{qO_NN‚K"O7O"#7yN
"O7~JKqNORST2"O73T["J7
]gT2ORSTOR299q<RžuORSTq{"O7w
OgkF<XR(#OuRORST
6& "h#O"*)#&/ "OghT2\_N2
O2JghqJghJ2Z}J_zNJ_[1O#Sx9uy$7
"2\R2G>RžuNk\JvJ_[M9XX
9uNaJ_[M<XX9u#2R2P–xGFqMRžuyª
aJ_[^XXX9u#29X–2NkM9XX9uxGUq9Ržu
yN^9XX9u#29^–xGUqPRžuy
6%CCe#&aY8#\ XQ;Tfcg)#&Q3"g1#Q;Y#&# c*%?/ tOghJ7w
23J2ThN2R2GXRžuORST$7w2
ZR2G’9Ržu(vqvZ[N{NvZ[
J7RwR2Gq9–OghJ7m#
Bảng 3.2: Tiêu thụ năng lượng trong sản xuất xi măng
e#&#& V e#&#& VSst>2?
FZQfcSsau#&
e#&#& VSs
t>2?] e
0st>2?CoQ >
"# "VQQ 3"
07Ogh"]
R#OuRORST
GXXX‹G<XX F9X‹UXX FXX‹F<X
  "    J7
T"  Ržu    
G9X‹GMX UX‹GXX F<‹PX
1223405#3637
  !" #


-+%Cal#&*e"Q;Fv#&
)TH"\"qw\
Oghq\|J_k3Tgi(J_3
Tgim#37aK###aZ
‹(J_5rTHR#"O73
‹(J_5rTHORSTN
)THT#\J_Jv3Tgi(
J__N2"O73q"O7w•g37qv
Z[NTHJ_rOp(5r
THmvORjq2T#aOghgkNTl
R3JRK
3.2.1 Phát thải khí
ZqNRjZ#2•Rj0ˆNˆq2T#{RK
Jv(ˆ9q(ˆq#2#q(OqRO2INˆ(xh
“Z#yONJ\3TgijJghr#|T2rTH
(J\aJ_"„k3Tgi
1gkJ|THZO2RjNJ_3TgiT2_]
3J2jm#rTH
Bảng 3.3: Phát thải và tác động môi trường
e#&aY8#  %QQ 3" %Cal#&*e"Q;Fv#&
0\"O7
N"O7
1xOq#y J_"„kgiO#2J_
N3Tgi
0ORST 1q0ˆqˆ9q
(ˆq(ˆ9q
#O2Sqˆ(q
(qRO2
"]"qOgh
RjRj† JYZv

JtRj‚
(RjJ_|_]Z7
1|Z7Jgi32gi
O#2J_N|gO|‚
:gL3Tgi
0\ORST 1  ORST  N  
#
"]"qOgh
|Z7Jgi32giO#2
J_N|gO|‚
1223405#3637
  !" #
:gL3Tgi
$aZ#2qOgR2 1 "]"qOgh
|Z7Jgi32giO#2
J_N|gO|‚
:gL3Tgi
2Rj5rTH|J_"„kzR”S2
giN3Tgiqr#3TgiJIT#"Y2•
J]Nk~1gk2Zv•J_2•m#Rj
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Bảng 3.4: Tiêu chuẩn phát thải đối với ngành công nghiệp xi măng
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 %QQ 3"gX"/ (JKZj~RKJvJaO\
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Jtm#vZ[N‚K(aKZ7{5#JK
Z#•sK2NKZT2_
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ŒJ~NJ\N\R…‚
 %QQ 3"xO/O7rR3TJghm#rTH7J_#2q
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1223405#3637
  !" #
JghKZ}_]xOgh2T2O{q
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 %QQ 3"x+/2OgœT2"O73N"O7##r
THT2O{!gœT2"O73g—#x2Ih
Ogœ“yL7J_xNj^XX’>XX
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JRKT2]RaO„#4"O73N"O7a
OghOgœOK•J]Nkˆ9

 %QQ 3" ?y;YC%CgY#fcx/ aK#2Oghh“
T2"O7„"/S#Ov]ja~|T2
Z2m#T2Z22gJ2N„#—T#(^^ˆgi•
gkT[k7
 %QQ 3"x+/TgkR#(ˆ9R3JghSORj|36qRK5R
[J[gs22J[(ˆ9ORjRjaJ_r#T4k7
ghZvJtRj‚H(ˆ9Jghr#|\0•(ˆ9Z#2•
•#
‹)THKa###Z2#m#"O7#2Nr
THZ2“aT2"O73
‹)THJ]"O7a#
0gN‚qt(ˆ9˜_N2
‹)THx7m#rTHjNy
‹0"O7w
‹ ŒO7ORSTu
(ˆ9OXqUJvGRuRORSTgzNk"
OghT"R2PXXJvG9XXR#OuRORSTQ_N2"O7w
$]NkORSTTlqO#22w\
Ogh(ˆ95rTHKa###Z2#m#"O7
#2vk>X–2JaOghORSTT2˜
JRK(ˆ9(ˆ95rTHT237Jƒ
JghR2MX–T29<r#iO{a7#2

3.2.2 Nước thải
$]Nkw37O{r#gR3q
gkwT2rTHgiŒQ2JjO
 T2rTHq_~gkZ[Z#N~{OH
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3.2.3 Chất thải rắn
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Rjz#R\#2NaKz#Ogh”gRO2}T2
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Z”
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Bảng 3.5: Tiềm năng SXSH ở Việt Nam
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\G<‹9<–
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#ugJgvR7GG<T7u

k- 2?aR"r3"Q"ƒ#t>"Q;M# $Q "ƒQgA
4.3.1 Sử dụng máy nghiền con lăn /trục (roller mill) trong nghiền nguyên liệu
(\ZT\]w\O2"O73
xgiOJN3zyaK#vZ}\2OuT7#2q
2I\ZRvhNk2OuT#2q#\2OT
#w“\O2†vR7OghR3O
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  !" #
gLJvOghY]J~ggkjG>XXXJ•uR"O7
3
Hình 4.1: Thiết bị nghiền con lăn
Bảng 4.2: Tỉ lệ tiêu thụ năng lượng thiết bị nghiền con lăn so với nghiền bi
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R7Ogh5>’FRžu"O73
‹(vZ[aKO_7]\]vqaKRvh
N7"O73NkrTH\Z}w_OghOkm#
77J_5O{#5Z_‚O_ORST
‹!ghJ7"2_\2OJzJghgkj5G>’
GPRžu#!ghJ7"2_\RK3R25GX’GP
Ržu#N2\ZOMX’<XRžu#
Bảng 4.3:Tóm tắt lợi ích của giải pháp sử dụng máy nghiền con lăn
e#&#& V w\2OJK\"O7
5>%Q;M# (YZ["O7
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  !" #

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2\ZN\#
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\Z(jN‚\Z9X–N
\3<X– vR7F‹GXRžu#
4.3.2 Sử dụng thiết bị nghiền con lăn đứng để nghiền xi măng
vZ[\TwRvhO„•NJYqw9‹^T\
0"O7Jgh\T"ZLT2OimO„Rvhaw
RjaJKT2rTH\xvZ[\O"hy
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1223405#3637