tóm tắt tiếng anh đảng bộ tỉnh hà tĩnh lãnh đạo phát triển quan hệ hữu nghị hợp tác với tỉnh bôlykhămxay và khămmuộn (nước chdcnd lào) từ năm 1991 đến năm 2010

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PREFACE
1. Reasons to choose the topic
Vietnam and Laos are close neighbors on the Indo-China peninsula; the two
countries have a tradition of creative diligence, had a close relationship since long.
Over the long time of struggle, hardship, the two peoples have always united to stand
together in the struggle for independence, freedom, development and national
defense. The faithful and pure relationship, went all the way through the glorious
history and became an invaluable property of the two nations and the two peoples.
Moreover, it is a vivid expression of the clever combination genuine patriotism with
proletarian internationalism.
The relationship was more clearly expressed among the bordering provinces, each
joint fight back hard against the conspiracy of invaders, to exist and develop. Ha Tinh
province and province Bolykhamxay, Khammuon are the three provinces
geographically close, and leaned back against the Truong Son range and there are
similarities in history, culture, traditions, economic and social conditions. This is the
objective and sustainable foundation of the friendship between the people of the
three provinces in the building and defending for the countries. Such sentiments are
showed vividly in the history of nearly a century of protracted struggle against
invaders and the building of the countries of people in Ha Tinh and Bolykhamxay,
Khammuon provinces.
Currently, in the context of both Vietnam and Laos continue to implement the
foreign policy of independence, self-reliance, cooperation and development, multi
cultural and diversified foreign relations; active and proactive international economic
integration; particularly the implementation of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation,
the contents of strategical cooperation Vietnam - Laos is go into depth, the task of
building relations of friendship and comprehensive cooperation between the three
provinces as be actively promoted and enhanced. Therefore, the study of the process
of leadership in building relationship Bolykhamxay and Khammuon provinces of Ha
Tinh Party from the day of re-establishment till now, helps review and assess the
achievements, specify the limitations, defects, thereby draw on the experience of

process planning policies within the organization as well as implementation, to
further the relationship between the three provinces in the near future is necessary
tasks.
At the same time, the study of the process of building leadership relationship
Bolykhamxay cooperation with provinces, Ha Tinh Party Khammuon through 20 years
of re-innovating also contributed to the overall process of implementing open
practical foreign policy of the Party on a specific locality, with specific natural and
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historical conditions. On that basis, the thesis not only enriches the historical external
activities of the Party, but also contribute to a more comprehensive study of the
history of the local Party and history provide the basis for traditional education
solidarity between the people and the province of Ha Tinh province Bolykhamxay,
Khammuon, further strengthen cooperation relations long-term, comprehensive,
sustainable bilateral Vietnam - Laos in general and in three provinces in particular
historical conditions the new.
Stemming from the above sense, the authors chose the theme: "Ha Tinh
Provincial Party leaders developped friendly relations and cooperation with
Bolykhamxay Khammuon provinces (Lao PDR) from 1991 to 2010" as the subject
for historical Ph.D. thesis, majors Communist Party of Vietnam.
2. The purpose and mission of the thesis.
2.1 The purpose:
The research of the process of building friendship and cooperation with
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon provinces of Ha Tinh Provincial Party between 1991 and
2010, contributes to conclude a practical key guideline in policy foreign party on a
certain locality, thereby contributies historical basis for the implementation of task
leaders strengthen relationships special friendship, comprehensive cooperation with
the provinces to reach you in time more effective.
2.2 The mission :
- Analyze and study the impact of the fundamental elements affecting the
interests of each province and cooperative relations between the provinces of Ha Tinh

and Khammuon Bolykhamxay in the period from 1991 to 2010;
- Systematize the events objectively and systematically the whole process
leaders building relations of friendship and cooperation with Bolykhamxay Khammuon
province of Ha Tinh Provincial Party during the period from 1991 to 2010;
- Draw some major experiences in the process management implementation tasks
of building friendly relations and cooperation among three provinces.
3. The subjects and scope of research.
3.1 The research subjects:
Thesis researched on the planning process, policy and leadership organization in
performing tasks to strengthen friendly relations and comprehensive cooperation with
provinces Bolykhamxay, Khammuon of Ha Tinh Provincial Party period 1991-2010.
3.2 Scope of the study:
In regarding of the content: the research thesis focused on the process of the
leadership of relationship building special friendship and comprehensive cooperation
with Bolykhamxay and Khammuon province of Ha Tinh Provincial Party from 1991 to
2010, on the field of politics, economics, culture, education, health, science and
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technology, national security, border affairs, charity activities, people friendly
exchanges.
About the space: the activities of friendly relations and cooperation particularly
comprehensive on three provinces: Ha Tinh province and province Bolykhamxay
Khammuon.
Regarding the time: the thesis put the research on the process of the leadership
to build friendly relations with Provincial Bolykhamxay cooperation, Khammuon of Ha
Tinh Provincial Party between 1991 and 2010.
4. Thesis rationale and research methods
The dissertation is done on the basis of theoretical dialectic materialism and
historical materialism, the view of Marxism - Leninism and Ho Chi Minh City and the
views of the Party policy guidelines on foreign relations in general, especially the
friendship and comprehensive cooperation with the Lao People's Democratic Republic

in particular. Research Methodology The thesis is mainly of historical metho ds and
methods of logic, and the integration of research methods and interdisciplinary
majors, with particular focus on the actual survey methodology and statistics.
5. Contribution of the thesis
- Through the collection of documents, studies, field surveys of three provinces,
the thesis clarifies theoretical basis and practical form special relationships,
comprehensive cooperation between the provinces of Ha Tinh and Bolykhamxay,
Khammuon nam1991 time since 2010.
- Evaluation of an objective reality, the results achieved, the difficulties,
limitations and inadequacies in the policy making process and performing tasks
leaders to strengthen the friendship and cooperation with province Bolykhamxay ,
Khammuon of Ha Tinh Provincial Party. Since then, the thesis contributes to
committees, authorities, departments, groups and individuals to further the scientific
basis and practical material to consult and advise during the construction
undertakings as well as the organization implementing the tasks and measures to
further strengthen the cooperation between the three provinces in the near future.
- The thesis contributes to providing more information and data for overview and
systematically about friendship and cooperation relations between the three
provinces period 1991 - 2010, thereby contributing to traditional education, as to
enrich the Party history and local history and Ha Tinh province Bolykhamxay,
Khammuon province.
6. Layout thesis :
Besides the introduction, Overview of the study, conclusions, appendices and
reference list, the thesis includes 03 dissertation chapter content, six lessons.
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OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH
1. The research work related to the thesis
Laos and Vietnam are two close neighboring countries in the Indochinese
peninsula, noted in the history as a shining symbol of international solidarity of the
proletariat, a fine example of the rare and common aquatic, in light of the history of

relations international. The friendly relations and comprehensive cooperation
Vietnam - Laos is a research topic is presented with special attention. There have
been many studies on this subject, notably the work on the following groups:
1.1 The research work relating to the Vietnam - Laos.
On the perspective of this research, there have been studies about worldwide
situation, regional, perspective, line and foreign policy of the Party and State over
the period, which mentions the relationship special friendship and comprehensive
cooperation between Vietnam - Laos; speeches and articles of researchers published
in newspapers and magazines; scientific conferences We can see that this works
much access important documents in both countries and focus on the following
general topics to reconstruct the history of relationships between the two countries
on each specific field, such as political, diplomatic, security, military, culture -
education, economics; research, clarify the rationale and practicality of the ruling
party building in the two countries; contribute to summarize, analyze and evaluate
the characteristics of the relationship "special relationship" and summarized the
lessons learned, and suggest issues apply to current and future
1.2 The scientific work refers to the Vietnam - Laos on a number of areas,
regions or specific local.
The works on this perspective have assembled a relatively complete source
monographs and valuable original documents, rich and reliable. The author presents
in some detail the issue of geographical conditions, historical traditions, and cultural
factors that impact the partnership; presented systematic cooperation in the fields of
politics, defense and security, economic, cultural and some other areas; draw some
preliminary comments on the advantages and difficulties, lessons learned, methods,
features and recommendations on mechanisms to implement good policies to expand
cooperation between localities of Vietnam some provinces of Laos. The results of the
research work has provided the basis for the authors is important in the process of
analyzing, evaluating and summarizing the ethos of partnership between Ha Tinh
province to province and Khammuon Bolykhamxay.
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1.3 The scientific work is directly related to the friendship and cooperation
between the provinces of Ha Tinh province Bolykhamxay, Khammuon.
On the basis of resources and relatively complete historical perspective (common
usage), the studies refered to different aspects of the relations of friendship and
cooperation between the provinces of Ha Tinh Central Laos, including Bolykhamxay
province, Khammuon. Our thesis will inherit some selected results to cater for the
expansion and research issues in terms of historical sciences Party, particularly the
policy development process, the team leader function implemented, the results
achieved, the difficulties, limitations, the issues raised in the process of leading and
directing the implementation of collaborative tasks on the field between Ha Tinh
province to province and Bolykhamxay Khammuon.
2. Contents related to thesis research projects mentioned
Through the research works that have been published, we find that:
Regarding Laos: The research has shown a comprehensive and insightful
historical, traditional, career achievements in national liberation and nation building
through the construction period, the outline of Foreign Relations of the Lao PDR and
other countries in the region and around the world, including Vietnam.
Regarding bilateral bond Vietnam - Laos: There have been many studies
mentioned issues related to research that reflect a comprehensive and profound
relationship of traditional friendship and cooperation between Vietnam and Laos as
well as the provinces bordering the two countries. However, so far, there are no
works monographs, thesis research in a systematic way the leadership of the party in
the process of developing friendly and cooperative relations between the two
countries' localities, especially the bordering provinces.
Regarding the cooperation between the provinces of Ha Tinh province
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon:
The study was an analysis of the content of the cooperation between the
provinces on the field, especially relations of friendship and cooperation of provi ncial
troops in the war against the French colonialists and the U.S. imperialists and
cooperation on political, security, defense, foreign affairs in the reform era, and

refers to the results, and the limitations of current issues in collaborative proc ess
between the provinces. Party leaders issue construction process relationship of
cooperation between provinces that are not mentioned, or just yet extremely
generalized. This issue needs to be further researched, summarized in earnest,
comprehensive and deeper way.
Thus, from the overall situation can study shows that, so far, there have been
many studies concerning the relationship between Vietnam - Laos in general,
cooperation between the provinces and regions in Vietnam with the bordering
provinces of Laos in particular. However, the work does not have a study this issue
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from the perspective of the scientific approach to reconstruction Party History a full
and comprehensive process of Ha Tinh Provincial Party leaders to develop friendly
relations Bolykhamxay cooperation with provincial and Khammuon from 1991 to 2010.
3. Contents the thesis focused on:
With purpose and mission in place, the thesis focused on researching, clarifying
the following:
- Background history of the cooperative relationship among the province of Ha
Tinh province Bolykhamxay, Khammuon.
- Rationale and practice of policy formation of Ha Tinh Provincial Party in
building, developing partnerships with Bolykhamxay province, Ha Tinh Party
Khammuon of the period 1991-2010.
- Clarification of the factors affecting the process of cognitive development and
leadership building, developing collaborative relationships between provinces: Ha
Tinh, Bolykhamxay, Khammuon follow the course of history, the last two periods
(1991-2000 and 2001-2010).
- Serving up picture of the thorough process of the foreign policy of the Party in
the province of Ha Tinh to the specific points, difficulties and certain advantages, in
all fields of economic, political, socio-cultural, security and defense
- Identifying an objective successes, limitations, deficiencies in the policy making
process as well as in directing the implementation process of the Ha Tinh Provincial

Party leadership building exercise, develop Bolykhamxay cooperation with provinces,
Khammuon innovation in almost 20 years (1991-2010).
From the success, limiting defects in the construction management, developing
partnerships with provinces Bolykhamxay, Khammuon of Ha Tinh Provincial Party for
nearly 20 years (1991-2010), elucidate the thesis characteristics of the relationship
between the three provinces; simultaneously draw on some experience primarily in
terms of both the thorough policy of the Party Central Committee on Local use, both
in terms of organizing and directing the implementation of this policy on a specific
geographical area.
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Chapter 1
THE PROCESS THE LEADERS BUILT FRIENDSHIP RELATIONS AND
COOPERATION WITH BOLYKHAMXAY KHAMMUON PROVINCES OF HA
TINH PROVINCIAL PARTY COMMITEE FROM 1991 TO 2000
1.1. Friendly relations and cooperation between the people of Ha
Tinh province and Bolykhamxay, Khammuon provinces before 1991
1.1.1. Factors affecting relations between the provinces of Ha Tinh and
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon
Natural conditions: Ha Tinh, Bolykhamxay, Khammuon are three adjacent
provinces, having geographically consecutive mountain, river line, with 145 kilometers
of common border of the two countries Vietnam - Laos. The similarities in geography,
economics, politics, culture and tradition are favorable conditions for the three
provinces to expand and strengthen cooperation in various fields.
Ha Tinh province is in the North Central Coast, north of Nghe An Province with a
length of 88 km, south of Quang Binh Province with a length of 130 km, the East Sea
with a length of 137 km, the west borders Bolykhamxay, Khammuon provinces - Laos,
with 145 km border. Ha Tinh province has an area of 6055.6 km2 natural population of
about 1.3 million people. Ha Tinh Province has 12 administrative units, including 1
city, 1 town and 10 districts. In particular, there are three border districts: Huong
Son, Vu Quang, Huong Khe.

Bolykhamxay Province is one of seven provinces of Central Laos, with an area of
1.59977 million hectares and a population of 422 300 people. Bolykhamxay provinces
adjacent to Vietnam in the east to the 165 km long border. Bolykhamxay province has
great potential for minerals like coal, iron, tin, gypsum, gemstones, copper, lead,
zinc, gold
Khammuon Province of Laos is a mountainous province, with a total area of
natural 16.315km2 population of 55 985 people; 9 districts. Khammuon Province and
other mountainous regions of Laos, midland hills and occupies 2/3 of the land area.
Province Khammuon there are many types of wood and rare forest products.
Although conditions on natural resources has many advantages, besides that, the
province Bolykhamxay, Khammuon are faced with many difficulties on the path of
development, especially low literacy levels, meet other people's lives difficulties,
mainly based on agriculture and forest products exploitation; poor transportation
system development with no rail, so the exchange between local traders in
collaboration with provincial and outside also encountered many difficulties.
Population factors and socio-cultural: Although there is little population
similarities but living so long under the same roof as the Truong Son range, the people
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from three provinces have long lived in harmony , the solidarity, mutual help in the
fight against foreign invaders, as well as build a career in home country. Stemming
from these similarities, much less influenced by the method living activities, the
residents of three bordering provinces grow closer to each other and inevitably
affected, in the interactions of the cultural life. It’s the strength of traditional
cultural factors mainly contributed to building special affection between the people
of the three provinces throughout history from ancient times to the present day.
Economic Characteristics: In the process of development, due to geographical
proximity and similarities in terms of natural, cultural and spiritual activities,
residents along the three border provinces have traditionally delivered store,
exchange and similarities in the early time. Due to the characteristics of natural
conditions and social advantage, and the potential difficulties and challenges for each

province in the development process, so in the process of building partnerships,
especially in the economic field, the provinces of Ha Tinh and Bolykhamxay,
Khammuon can complement and support each other to minimize and overcome these
difficulties and challenges, while promoting maximum potential and strengths of each
province.
Traditionally struggle against foreign invaders in historical periods: During the
process of development, solidarity and friendly relations between the two countries
Vietnam - Laos in general and between the provinces of Ha Tinh province
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon particular created not by the subjective desire of every
nation, every locality, but from an objective requirement, which is vital in the
struggle for national construction and defense of the people of both nations and the
local history through the ages. In particular, from the date of the revolutionary party
leading the way, the two nations continue to stand together in the period against the
aggressor, foster friendship between two nations and people of two countries.
1.1.2. The partnership between the provinces of Ha Tinh and Bolykhamxay,
Khammuon in the early years of innovation (1986 - 1990)
After peace was restored, in 1976, the province of Nghe An, Ha Tinh were
merged into Nghe Tinh. In this phase, the friendly relations of cooperation between
Ha Tinh - Bolykhamxay, Khammuon be placed in the relationship between the
province Nghe Tinh and the provinces of Bolykhamxay, Khammuon.
In the period 1986 - 1990, friendly relations of cooperation between the three
provinces took place in the context of the two countries are facing many difficulties,
especially when provincial economic conditions were poor, not yet been out of the
mechanism administrative subsidy, also had to deal with the conspiracy against
hostile forces. However, the traditional solidarity of the oldest and special offers to
win for each other, friendship and cooperation relations between the three provinces
continue to be enhanced and obtained encouraging results, especially cooperation
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political and national security. Cooperation in the field of economic, social and
cultural initially interested and obtained certain results. In particular, the help of

experts, provision of facilities and equipment necessary for production, the province's
life helped to solve the difficult time ahead.
However, at this stage, much of the content has been proposed cooperation but
lack of timely implementation, where they were at the lack of feasibility. Therefore,
in general, the cooperation between the three provinces brought low efficiency.
1.2. The policy and the process of building friendly relations and
cooperation with Bolykhamxay and Khammuon province of Ha Tinh
Provincial Party from 1991 to 2000.
1.2.1. Ha Tinh Provincial Party leaders to build relations of friendship and
cooperation with provinces Khammuon Bolykhamxay from 1991 to 1995
Shortly after the re-establishment (8/1991), the provincial Party Congress
Resolution XIII and thematic NQ Editor, Provincial Executive Committee have
reaffirmed their determination to continue to strengthen long-term cooperation
relations, the whole comprehensive and effective on all areas of economic, political,
socio-cultural, security, defense, friendly exchanges between people and the
provincial People's Party Bolykhamxay, Khammuon. The policy has shown that the
successor, the continuation of the achievements of the People's Party and former
Nghe static, medium of expression and determination of the Party and people of Ha
Tinh province continues cultivating relationships strong and faithful friendship with
the People's Party and the Lao tribal brothers, meet the requirements of revolutionary
tasks in the new situation.
In addition push up propaganda, the Party committees, governments, industries,
organizations from provincial to grassroots leaders have timely, direct and organize
the thorough implementation of the program, in collaboration with content Province
of Laos on the field. In the political field: Highlights of cooperation in the political
field between the three provinces as the maintenance of mutual visits of high -ranking
leaders of the three provinces. In addition to maintaining the official friendly visit and
carrying out high-level talks, three provinces have sent many missions of the industry,
the local working visit in order to grasp the situation, exchanged of the experiences
and signed agreements to cooperate content. In the field of economy and trade: The

parties continue to celebrate the province's delegation, of the branch into a working
visit to discuss and agree on specific plans for cooperation, trade, experience
economic development households, help you on agricultural techniques, fruit trees,
livestock, mining, forestry processing industry The ministries of Culture and Sports
of 3 provinces organizes regular visits and exchange of experience in the field of
management of cultural activities, performing arts The arts and culture group has
held three provincial tour with special entertainment shows, leaving a good
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impression in the hearts of viewers. Education and training in Ha Tinh province has
signed cooperation agreements with the provinces to create favorable conditions to
help and contribute to improving the quality of education and training effectiveness
of other provinces. Three provincial health sectors strengthen cooperation in the
field, especially focusing on the construction of facilities for health care facilities;
directly appointed expert guidance, and exchange experiences, provide information
to build and develop the health of each province. In the field of defense, security and
border affairs: Under the guidance of the Provincial Party Committee, People's
Committee of Ha Tinh province were promptly directed the departments to review
functionality timely, unified management of intrusion objects allowed, strengthen
inspection and proper handling of personal, collective criminal acts; continue to
strengthen the extensive propaganda for people to understand the policies and laws
of the Party and State, especially Border Regulation; maintaining regular briefings on
the work, inform each other of the situation and promptly resolve problems that arise
in the border.
However, due to the economic conditions of the three provinces have difficulties,
especially in terms of Ha Tinh has just split, so the results of cooperation in the
period 1991 - 1995 was not commensurate with the potential and requirements.
1.2.2. Ha Tinh Provincial Party leaders built partnerships with provinces
Bolykhamxay and Khammuon in the early years of promoting industrialization
and modernization (1996 - 2000)
In the political aspect: The mission to strengthen friendly relations and

cooperation with provinces Khammuon, Bolykhamxay continued to be promoted,
especially the continuing organization of summit meetings and signed a written
agreement cooperation in the field, organized the visits and works of the department,
the operational activities of the people.
In the field of agriculture - forestry, Ha Tinh province has instructed the
Department of Agriculture and related industries redirecting from a small investment
cooperation to supporting the neighboring countries combine strategic planning for
agricultural development planning of food production, food; investment in the
construction of small and medium irrigation projects, ensure food security associated
with the task of building a new countryside. In the construction sector: Focused on
maintenance tasks, upgrades, new construction road traffic system and the
construction of provincial roads connecting the two sides, the road system along the
border to serve people's needs and ensuring national defense and security. In the field
of commercial investment and tourism: Three provinces have increased investment in
construction, complete transportation system, expanding the commercial center, the
base formed many trade services, especially in two border checkpoints, on the road
No.8, along the border In the field of education - training: In addition to
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strengthening cooperation improve the quality of high school education, Ha Tinh
province are interested in helping train students in the neighboring provinces, which
do not have industry training conditions especially in economics, science and
technology. In the medical field, three provinces have strengthened cooperation in
various fields, particularly focusing on the construction of facilities for health care
facilities; professional training and professional; directly appointed expert guidance,
and exchange experiences, provide information to build a network of provincial
health facility; implementation of measures to prevent and combat the disease. In
the field of culture and sports: On big festivals, arts and culture groups three
provinces have organized regular visits and performances in the provinces, especially
provinces along the three border provinces. In the field of security, defense and
border affairs: The party has promoted comprehensive cooperation, focusing on

advisors, professionals, strengthen the exchange of experiences in building the local
army forces, civil guerrillas; help the neighboring provinces build the people's war;
strengthening propaganda and education, helping people to raise awareness,
implement good policies and policies of the Party and State laws, especially to
actively participate in the task of protecting the border.
On the basis of the guidelines and policies of the Party and the state of foreign
affairs, international sentiments and faithful brotherhood, Ha Tinh Provincial Party
promptly grasped, specified and promulgated policy to strengthen solidarity,
friendship and cooperation with the People's Party and the provinces bordering Laos.
In the years from 1986 - 1990, friendly relations and cooperation between the
three provinces continued to be enhanced and obtained encouraging results,
especially in politics and cooperation on security and defense. However, at this stage,
the results obtained during the implementation of the agreement had been agreed is
lower than required, the desire and the potential of three provinces. Entering the
period 1991 - 2000, relations between the three provinces are implementing a
comprehensive, uniform, higher efficiency in many fields; gradual economic
cooperation was identified as the central task and initially yielded encouraging results
in a number of areas However, through the process of understanding the
cooperation between the two provinces of Ha Tinh and Bolykhamxay, Khammuon
period 1991 - 2000 showed that the results of the cooperation were not as effective,
especially in the economic field.
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Chapter 2
POLICIES AND PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT FRIENDLY RELATIONS AND
COOPORATION WITH BOLYKHAMXAY COMPREHENSIVE AND KHAMMUON
OF THE PARTY HA TINH PROVINCE FROM 2001 TO 2010
2.1. Context affects the relationship between Vietnam - Laos in
early decades of the twenty-first century.
2.1.1. The situation of international and regional:
Entering the new millennium, world and regional’s affairs happens unpredictably

in political, economic, cultural and social. Revolutionary of science and technology
continue to evolve with increasing speed, accelerate the development of productive
forces, and accelerating the process of restructuring the world economy. Southeast
Asia, after decades of war, confrontation, there was peace but still some potential
destabilizing factor. In this context, the innovation of the country, the opening of
Vietnam and Laos is facing many opportunities but also many challenges.
2.1.2. The situation in the country
Entering the new millennium, with the victories won earlier in the construction
and national defense, and the great achievements of the crucial 15 years of
innovation have made the world and Vietnam's increasingly strengthened and
enhanced. Meeting of the Nineth National Party has said: "Implement consistently the
foreign policy line of independence, openness, multi cultural, diversification of
international relations. Vietnam is willing to be a friend and reliable partner of all
countries in the international community, striving for peace, independence and
development. "
The 10th Congress Party continues to affirm: "Implement consistently the foreign
policy line of independence, peace, cooperation and development; open foreign
policy, multilateralism and diversification of relations international. Proactive and
positive international economic integration, expanding international cooperation in
other fields. Vietnam is a friend, reliable partner of all countries in the international
community, actively participating in process of international cooperation and the
region. "
2.2. Ha Tinh Provincial Party leaders to develop the relations of
friendship and comprehensive cooperation with provinces
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon from 2001 to 2010.
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2.2.1. The policy of the Ha Tinh Provincial Party about continuing to
develop a special relationship between the provinces of Ha Tinh province
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon.
Party Congress in Ha Tinh Province XV declared: "Continue to strengthen good

relations with the provinces of Laos, maintaining friendly border". The policy of the
Congress to promote regional economic development and exploitation potential
economic advantage Road 8, investing region Cau Treo border gate economic,
infrastructure construction west, frontier, most renovation, upgrading and building
new roads East - West axis the base and favorable conditions to further strengthen
cooperation with provinces Bolykhamxay, Khammuon. On the basis of Resolution of XV
Congress and Resolutions of Executive Committee of the Provincial Party Committee,
Provincial People's Committee has developed the scheme, action plan, particularly
issued many policies to encourage investment in economic zones 8 Street, Cau Treo
border gate, promote cooperative programs with other provinces of Laos.
Congress Party of Ha Tinh province XVI (12/2005) stated their intention to
continue to promote the depth of international relations have been established
between the provinces of Ha Tinh province of Laos. The views and guidelines in
collaborative initiative confirmed as positive, comprehensive and in-depth. This is a
new development in the awareness building process as well as policy, planning
programs, specific plans of the Party and local authorities to continue to strengthen
friendly relations and cooperation with provinces Bolykhamxay, Khammuon.
Compared to the period 1991 - 2000, opinion, the policy of the provincial Party in
strengthening cooperation with other provinces period 2001 - 2010 there is a new
development, it is: On the basis of viewpoint, the general policy about foreign affairs
duties and tasks to enhance cooperation with provinces Bolykhamxay, Khammuon be
further confirmed and shown in more detail thematic resolutions of the Executive
Committee, the Standing. Content, cooperative programs with other provinces
gradually been put into the research program, plan social and economic developmen t
and national security of the province.
For provinces Bolykhamxay : Congress Party IV term 2005 - 2010 of the Provincial
Party Committee confirmed Bolykhamxay "Continue to implement the foreign policy
of the Party and strengthen the special solidarity and cooperation comprehensive
Vietnam ". Political Report of the Party Congress in the Fifth, the term 2010 - 2015 of
the Provincial Party Committee Bolykhamxay was "Affirming the foreign policy of the

Party, to promote friendly relations, special solidarity, the comprehensive
cooperation with Vietnam, especially in bordering provinces. "
For provinces Khammuon: Political Report of the Provincial Party Congress VII of
Khammuon term 2006 - 2010 confirmed : "Implementing policies to expand ties and
cooperation with foreign countries, on the basis of equality , mutually beneficial.
Strengthen relationships especially, comprehensive cooperation with Vietnam to take
14
advantage of the strengths of the two parties for the development of each province ".
Political Report of the Provincial Party Congress VIII Khammuon on 19/08/2010 said:
"Continue to implement the foreign policy direction of the party, such as peace,
independence friendship and cooperation, strengthen ties of friendship and special
solidarity, traditional, comprehensive cooperation with Vietnam. Continue to build
the relationship and cooperation with neighboring countries, the expansion of foreign
affairs and international non-governmental organizations abroad ".
2.2.2. The process of developing friendly relations and cooperation with the
provinces Khammuon and Bolykhamxay of Ha Tinh Provincial Party Committee
(2001 - 2010)
Grasping the policy of the provincial Party Congress and the leadership, the
Provincial People's Council and Provincial People's Committees had concretized the
task requires cooperation with Laos in particular provinces and foreign -relating
missions on the new period in general to the plan of action programs, projects and
tasks of socio-economic development of annual, short-term and long-term, consistent
with the specific conditions in each stage.
On cooperation in the fields of politics, diplomacy: Since 2001 - 2010 the three
provincial leaders held dozens of official friendship visits to each other and dozens of
documents signed as cooperation agreements. This is the legal basis for the Party
committees, governments, industries, organizations, and social and economic
institutions of the province relating to the grounds for its functions and duties,
program development, implementation plan. In addition to maintaining the official
friendship visits to bilateral visits, the working periodically and irregularly by the

provincial leadership has been maintained and increased in number.
On the neighboring provinces, in addition to the official friendly visit and signed
the cooperation agreement of senior leaders, every year, many provinces have sent
delegations representing committees, governments, industries unions, local
authorities in the province to work in collaboration to solve problems arising in
relations between the parties and study tour experience.
Cooperation in the field of economics: Regarding agriculture, forestry, Ha Tinh
Province has increased cooperation and investment, the province gradually help the
neighboring provinces solve problems, promote the development of agriculture and
rural development. The content of cooperation focuses primarily on helping the
neighboring countries raise the level of science and technology, bringing t he same
animals and crops of high economic value to production; cooperation in food
production, food, mining, processing plant and forestry products; build an economic
model of agricultural - forestry. On trade and tourism: Three provinces have
reinforced the directions and created conditions conducive to the economic sectors
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for investment and business, production, processing and consumption of domestic
products and exports to 3rd country.
Priority for business of three provinces in this period is investing in production
and processing of agricultural and forestry products such as wood, food, foods, fruits,
vegetables and mining, mineral processing. The parties further enhanced steering and
extended tours through the Cau Treo border gajnte; expand and strengthen the
exchange of goods traffic. Industry and construction: Many companies and enterprises
in Ha Tinh province has undertaken several construction projects in the neighboring
provinces ensure the quality requirements and progress. In particular, investment by
Government, Ha Tinh province undertook repair and upgrade path between the two
provinces is strong main route 8A, while upgrading the road Gia Lach - Xuan Hai Port.
Ha Tinh Province has issued preferential policies to help you use the jetty system,
parking create an environment and conditions favorable for the Lao province
exchanges, commodity exchanges. Three provincial culture sector have signed

cooperation documents, encouraging all levels, sectors and localities to strengthen
exchanges to enhance mutual understanding, to exchange experience in the field of
management cultural activities, art shows, press releases, film, publishing, library
work, photography, model building cultural and artistic development professional
Ha Tinh Province has the neighboring provincial training center to help students in the
their provinces, where do not have industry training conditions, especially in
economics, science and technology; election of union officials and experts to visit,
study, exchange of experience in management, improve the quality of education at
all levels. Regarding health: Strengthening cooperation on the field, especially
focusing on the construction of facilities for health care; professional training;
directly appointed expert guidance, exchange of experience in building organizations
from the provincial health network to the basis; implementation of measures to
prevent and combat the disease: malaria, goiter, prevention of infectious diseases.
Science - technology field: Cooperation in science and technology between the three
provinces with adequate attention. Ha Tinh province continued to support the
implementation of projects: technology transfer project, the construction of water
treatment plants, biogas, solar power for two provinces; Transfer Project biotech
tissue culture plant cells produce varieties of bananas, sugar cane, just determined,
Paulownia; Technology transfer project firewood production in Laos raw coal; building
research project feasible measurement management system. In the field of security
and defense and border affairs: the most striking result in security and defense
cooperation between the three provinces in this period is to maintain political
security, social order and safety, smashed scheme the destruction of enemy forces. In
parallel with the mission to strengthen cooperation to effectively prevent the scheme
of the hostile forces, maintaining security and order in the province, three provinces
have increased cooperation to build border of peace and friendship .
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In the period 2001 - 2010, besides cooperation in the fields of politics, defense
and security has been identified as the basis and foundation, to cooperate in the field
of economic, commercial real sector is considerably focused, motiva tion for

cooperation in other fields to develop a new step. Some programs, major capital
projects, attracting a workforce to be implemented to bring high efficiency. Besides,
cooperation in culture, education, health, science and technology are properly
concerned and obtained encouraging results. In terms of leadership, Ha Tinh
Provincial Party has focused on leadership through the identification of perspectives,
as well as guidelines issued NQ subjects. In the development of the policy, compared
with the previous period, the capturing of information, studying the real situation,
especially in terms of resources to ensure implementation of the policy of cooperation
with interested parties better. Pay adequate attention to the political leaders to
institutionalize perspective, the direction of strengthening friendly relations with the
provinces Bolykhamxay, Khammuon's Party, the programs, plans and specific projects,
at the same time, focusing on the power the government in the implementation. Work
to strengthen the organization and apparatus for personnel to be more focused
properly. The working group, assisting teams at provincial and local departments
concern is established, consolidated operationally and effectively. The inspection,
preliminary and final reviews of the implementation was initially valued; noted to
promote the role of the Fatherland Front, the peoples, the social and economic
organization in the implementation of activities in accordance with the functions and
duties.
Chapter 3
SOME COMMENTS AND EXPERIENCE
3.1. Comment
3.1.1. Regarding the planning process of policy and directing the
implementation of the friendship, comprehensive cooperation with provinces
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon of Ha Tinh Provincial Party.
Looking back on the process of research, planning process of policy and directing
the implementation of the friendship, comprehensive cooperation with provinces
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon of Ha Tinh Provincial Party:
- The policy of strengthening long-term partnerships, comprehensive and
effective on all fields with the Provincial Party and people of Bolykhamxay,

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Khammuon was confirmed shortly after the re-establishment, inherit and promote the
achievements of people and Nghe Tinh Provincial Party in the past.
- The policy of strengthening cooperation with the Lao province of Ha Tinh
Provincial Party concretized in time and contributed to the ampleness, varieties of all
policies and guidelines and policies of the Party in the external affairs.
- The policy to continues to strengthen solidarity, friendship and comprehensive
cooperation with people and the Provincial Party of Bolykhamxay, Khammuon of Ha
Tinh Provincial Party has implemented and developed continously in accordance with
mission requirements and specific conditions in the province.
- Ha Tinh Provincial Party has focused on concretization the policy and steering
the various levels and branches to perform the tasks of friendly relations and
cooperation with two provinces along the border
After grasping thoroughly the policy, foreign policy of the Party and the State in
accordance with the characteristics of local, Ha Tinh Party has gradually focused on
directing the government to institutionalize the views, the direction of strengthening
friendly relations with Bolykhamxay and Khammuon province. At the same time,
focusing to promote the power of the machinery of government in the
implementation of programs, plans and projects have been developed and adopted.
Especially when turning to period 2001 - 2010, a number of programs and projects
have a large capital investment, especially in industries, construction, transport,
science and technology are elaborately prepared and implemented initial provides
high efficiency, creating a significant change in sentiment to implement the central
economic work during the mission to strengthen cooperation between the three
provinces.
Beside, the working group, assisting teams at provincial and local departments
concerned is established, consolidated and come into operation effectively,
contributing to significant changes in advisory work, directing, organizing to
implement the collaborative content. The work of the advisory of committees,
departments and specialized agencies to help governments improve the effectiveness

and efficiency of executive leadership has many positive changes. Advisory work,
coordination between local government and Ministries and Central Agencies are
grasped thoroughly and implemented timely, uniform, bring practical results.
The inspection, preliminary and final reviews of the implementation was initially
valued; paid attention to the promotion the role of the Fatherland Front, the union,
the social and economic organization in the implementation of activities wit h the
functions and tasks to strengthen the friendship and co- work with the provinces
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon
The renewal of the leadership of the Party above has gradually overcome the
limitations, weaknesses in leadership methods in the previous period; simultaneously,
suit to the process of renewing the leadership of the Party in the new period. Thus,
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contributed to improve the capacity and efficiency of the leadership of provincial
Party on the field over time, which is tasked to strengthen the friendly relations of
cooperation with provinces Bolykhamxay, Khammuon.
These important changes and achievements in the process of cooperation with
other provinces in each period mentioned above have demonstrated deeply the
processes of innovation, development of comprehension and the implementation
process, develope the policy to strengthen solidarity, friendship and cooperation with
the Lao province of Ha Tinh Provincial Party.
3.1.2. Results of building friendship and cooperation between the provinces
of Ha Tinh and Khammuon, Bolykhamxay
Looking back at the friendly relations of cooperation between the provinces of Ha
Tinh province with Laos in the period 1991 - 2010, we find: In the period 1991 - 2000,
relations between Ha Tinh, Bolykhamxay, Khammuon had many changes, relations
majored from political, security and defense in the '70s, gradually switching to
comprehensive cooperation in all fields. In particular, economic cooperation, political
increasingly important position. Along with the focus on the economic cooperation,
the other areas of cooperation are also constantly developing and achieving results.
In terms of leadership, Ha Tinh Provincial Party during this period had been many

changes, towards the thorough awareness of methods of Party leaders identified in
the platform for national construction in the transitional period to the Socialism.
Specifically, Party leads by the social platforms, strategies, and policy -oriented
undertakings; by propaganda, persuasion and mobilization, organization and test
exemplary actions of party members. Party introduced the elite members, who have
sufficient capacity and quality for operational leadership in the government agencies
and unions.
Entering the period 2001 - 2010, the friendly relations of cooperation among
three provinces had large changes, both in width and depth compared to the previous
period. During this period, besides cooperation in the fields of politics, defense and
security which had been identified as the basis and foundation, to cooperate in the
fields of economy, trade, which is seen as the focused areas , create incentives for
cooperation in other fields to develop to a new step. In cooperation of Ha Tinh with
provinces of Laos, it had shifted from subsidies, direct aid, to equal cooperation and
mutual benefit, more diversity, focusing on exploiting the potential advantages of
each other more . Some programs, major capital projects, attracting a workforce to
be implemented to bring high efficiency. Besides, cooperation in culture, education,
health, science and technology are properly concerned and obtained encouraging
results; social activities, exchanged people have been strengthened with the content
and forming rich, diverse, practical solidarity and foster the special friendship
between the Party and the people of the three provinces.
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In terms of leadership, compared with the previous period, the capture of
information, the study of the real situation, especially in terms of resources to ensure
implementation of the undertakings of the parties to cooperate received more
attention. The adequate attention to the political leaders to institutionalize
perspective, the direction of strengthening friendly relations with Bolykhamxay
province, Kham's Late Party, into programs, plans, specific projects, and focusing on
the power of the machinery of government in the implementation of programs, plans
and projects have been developed and adopted. Work to strengthen the organization

and apparatus for personnel to be more focused properly. The work of the advisory
committees, departments and agencies specialized committees to help governments
improve the effectiveness and efficiency of executive leadership has many positive
changes. The inspection, preliminary and final reviews of the implementation was
initially valued; noted to promote the role of the Fatherland Front, the people, the
social and economic organization in the implementation of activities in accordance
with the functions and tasks to strengthen ties of friendship and co- work with the
provinces Bolykhamxay, Khammuon
3.1.3 Some key features of the relationship between Ha Tinh province and
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon :
Looking back at the process of planning policy and implementation tasks to
organize cooperation between Hatinh province and Bolykhamxay, Khammuon
provinces of Ha Tinh Provincial Party period 1991 - 2010 , we can draw a number of
key features as follows:
- The relationship between Hatinh province and Bolykhamxay, Khammuon
provinces carries general characteristics of a special relationship,which is pure
,exemplary rare and increasingly consolidating and developing between two
countries, two ethnics Vietnam - Laos.
- The partnership between Ha Tinh province and Bolykhamxay, Khammuon is the
concretization of the plans, directions, perspectives, and additional development and
contribution to enrich the special relationship between the two parties, Government
and people of the two countries.
- Despite there are many difficulties, restrictions , different objectively and
subjective causes in the process of implementing the program and collaborative
content, results achieved in this period critically contributed to the successful
implementation of political tasks, socioeconomic, defense and security of the Parties
and the provinces.
- The implementation of the program, cooperation content with the other Party
has contributed to the enhancement of the leadership capacity of the Party
Committee ,the effective and efficient administration of government, the

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coordination of the activities of the industries, unions and the political system from
provincial to grassroots in Ha Tinh province as well as neighboring provinces.
- Due to the similarities in natural conditions, economic, cultural traditions,
history, cooperation between Ha Tinh province and Bolikhamxay, Khammuon
provinces has some quite “ similar” points compared with the cooperation between a
number of provinces in North Central Vietnam and a number of provinces of the
country bordering Laos.
- Beside these similarities, the cooperation between Ha Tinh province and
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon provinces has special characteristics compared with
cooperation between a number of provinces in North Central provinces bordering Laos
such as:
On the border between Ha Tinh province and Bolikhamxay, Khammuon ther are
less common cases involving extensive invasion, invasive migration, marriage in
contravention of regulations between citizens of the two countries and a number of
issues relating to border security.
Vietnam government had planned construction orientation Vung Ang port with
integrated ports and specialized ports to serve industrial engineering, steel rolling
mills, ship building and repairing , petrochemical, and especially to help Laos "to the
sea". This project is important to the two countries' leaders and prioritized to focus
on directing, contributing to economic development in the North Central region,
goods in transit serving of Laos and economic development in East - West. The
implementation of this project will certainly create new momentum and contribute to
the improvement of the quality and efficiency of cooperation between Ha Tinh
province and Bolykhamxay, Khammuon provinces in the future.
3.1.4 : Some inadequacies, limitations
- The results of economic cooperation were potentially incommensurate with the
requirements and expectations of the Party and the people of the three provinces.
Although some content of cooperation has been agreed or signed but is slowly being
implemented, or not implemented. - The quality of human resources for the

implementation of programs and projects, especially the staff, skilled professionals in
the areas of three provinces, especially in the two provinces are weak and lacking. -
Qualifications, capacity, professional staff of experts in the field of foreign affairs in
general and in particular foreign economic relations are insufficient, failing to meet
the requirements of the new situation.
- The exploration and investigation to grasp the situation, especially the ability,
manpower requirements, facilities, capital, natural conditions, economic and other
social to ensure the viability of content, cooperative programs are not given due
attention.
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- The mobilization of resources especially funds to implement programs and
projects in the field, particularly in economics, trade and services was difficult;
Working to promote and introduce potential investment opportunities to attract
businesses, investors have not been given due attention.
- Inadequacies in trade relations, such as payment mechanisms, transit through
toll gate, entry and exit procedures, export and import are cumbersome and slow to
be resolved; process of trade promotion, promotion potential, investment
opportunities have not been given due attention.
- In the implementation of the contract, the agreement between the parties
involved, especially the implementation of the terms of the capital raising, debt
settlement, the supply of raw materials, labor, services yet are not fully
implemented in time.
- The management, operational capacity, receiving programs and projects, the
model is inadequate.
- In the process of leading and directing the implementation of collaboration,
there is sometime which is unserious, lack of timely and comprehensive, assigning
specific tasks; inspection, preliminary and summary have not been focused; there is
expression of pushing mutual responsibility between the agencies involved - The
propaganda and education, external information, people to people relations are still
inadequate.

3.2. Main experiences:
Through the study of the leadership process that built partne rships with
provinces Bolykhamxay, Khammuon of Ha Tinh Provincial Party since 1991 - 2010, we
can draw some experiences following key:
1. Strengthen the advocacy to raise awareness education for staff members and
the people of the special relationship between Vietnam - Laos and localities of the
two countries, including the provinces of Ha Tinh and Bolykhamxay, Khammuon
2. Improve the capacity and efficiency of the operating state, the coordination
between sectors, mass organizations, social and economic institutions from provincial
to grassroots in the process of implementing the cooperation agreement
3. Pay attention to examine, understand situation, sum up the practical,
additional policy measures in each time period
4. Allocate the resources, especially capital to ensure the feasibility of the
content of cooperation in each period; focus on ensuring the sustainability of
programs and projects for investment
5. Pay attention to training, building capacity and professional team of officials
and experts in the field of foreign affairs; improve the quality of the performance of
the agency in charge of foreign affairs
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6. Strengthen the coordination and mutual support between the external political
activity and foreign economic relations, focusing on economic diplomacy
CONCLUSION
1. Ha Tinh and Bolykhamxay, Khammuon are three provinces geographically close
and have similarities in history, culture, traditions, economic conditions - social.
Based on the special relationship between the two countries, the relations of
friendship and comprehensive cooperation between Ha Tinh and Bolykhamxay,
Khammuon have increasingly strengthened and constantly evolving. Such sentiments
were expressed in the vivid history of nearly a century of protracted struggle against
foreign invaders and of building the country of two peoples in general and people of
Ha Tinh - Bolykhamxay, Khammuon in particular. That is the foundation, the roots and

the objective factors, so that the Party and the three people continue to join and
unite together to maintain the results achieved and to continuously strive to fulfill
the revolutionary tasks in the new period.
2. Grasping of the foreign policy of the Party and State, indoctrinated "to help
our neighboring countries is helping our own" said President Ho Chi Minh, Ha Tinh
Provincial Party are determined to continue to strengthen solidarity, friendship and
comprehensive cooperation with provinces Bolykhamxay, Khammuon as the principles
and requirements, the task of strategic significance; considered here is the great
international obligations, express feelings and loyalty revolution, in light of the
People's Party and three for each province.
In that spirit, immediately after re-establishment, Ha Tinh Provincial Party XIII
and XIV courses, XV, XVI, XVII period 1991 - 2010 were all relatively timely planning
and presenting the steps and tasks in specific period, while enhancing the State's
leadership, industry, unions and the social and economic institutions and local,
deploying grassroots organizations, turning all policy into reality, leading the
cooperation between the three provinces grow both in width and depth.
3. Practices cooperative relations with the two provinces of Ha Tinh province
from 1991 to 2010, were the process of developing relationships through two stages:
Stage from 1991 to 2000, the cooperation between the provinces of Ha Tinh and
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon many changes in the fields of cooperation between major
political, security, defense, and other sectors have not really taken seriously, low
efficiency gradually move to partnership comprehensively in all fields. In particular,
economic cooperation, political increasingly important position. Along with the foces
on economic cooperation, the other areas of cooperation are also constantly
developing and initially yielded encouraging results. However, through the process of
understanding the cooperation between the provinces of Ha Tinh and Bolykhamxay,
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Khammuon period 1991 - 2000 showed that the results of the collaboration brought
low. In particular, in the economic field, but the two countries have been identified
and three provinces’ focus areas of cooperation, but in reality, cooperation in this

area is low efficiency, is not commensurate with the potential, development
requirements and expectations of the Party and people of the three provinces.
Friendly relations and cooperation among Ha Tinh, Bolykhamxay, Khammuon in
the period 2001 - 2010: content, cooperative approaches have strongly changed
compared to the previous decade: from cooperation mainly in political, national
security to comprehensive cooperation in all fields. Besides cooperation in the fields
of politics, defense and security has been identified as the basis and foundation, to
cooperate in the fields of economy, trade and actually see the areas of focus,
motivate cooperation in other fields to develop a new step. Cooperation in culture,
education, health, science and technology are properly concerned and obtained
encouraging results; social activities, people friendly exchanges have been
strengthened with the content and rich and diverse form. From the relationship
primarily supportive in one-direction, gradually moving into economic partnerships,
two-way link production and business equality, mutual benefit, operating under the
market mechanism, consistent integration with the trend and direction, the foreign
policy of the two parties and the State. In this phase, the friendly relations of
cooperation between the two provinces and Ha Tinh achieve comprehensive results on
the field and go into more depth.
4. During the process of implementing the program, content collaboration, but
also revealed many difficulties, limitations, due to various different subjective and
objective reasons, the results obtained in this phase has important contribution to the
successful implementation of political tasks, socio-economic, security and defense of
the Party and the people of the three provinces. Achievements and lessons learned in
the process of cooperation in this phase will provide the basis, the important
foundation and major source of encouragement to help the Party and the people of
the three provinces continue to strive won the greater achievements in the process of
cooperation in the future, contribute to foster solidarity special traditional friendship,
comprehensive cooperation between the two countries Vietnam - Laos.