Công Nghệ Sản Xuất YAOURT(SỮA CHUA)

BỘ CÔNG THƯƠNG
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CÔNG NGHIỆP TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH



 !
"#$!%&
' 
()* 
+,- 
"./0  !"#$%
&'()# 1234  "5
(67844(9--::
;<()= *+,+-*+,.

(>4?@*ABCD
MỤC LỤC
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
8(67JJ !KL !
*M1F47>7*8(677(N;OP4(:)747E-
(Q4<R(S77(N;GT/(U7V/P4W4N;9XYN1Z(7844(9
7(R[R*MG\GH-(]*7(R[R^GQ=(2$=F1XGQ=2.91_4XGQ=O`7X
GQ=[M:/:/:/*MG\GH-(]*OW\4<(>7:
9=NX4(JJ !KL
 !O=47)(Q4[2,7R1E(=(:;75(4>10/P7H*Y=X423;
a_47bOb(c7>7GH-(]*-(H7)7(E2d4\X7)4>10a(a2e47=F:'F
OFX/97-(>1(Q47844(9*,XS4af47>7<g(*,X7)(Q47H
R*,*M/EOP7h(R1F4JJ !K
JJL !:

$!%&X*MGH-(]*GQ=;*iO=4O2d7;(f/,G\2d41E7=F
1;(R4,:j(847(k7)4>107H*Y=X7>7GH-(]*$=F17b7)4>10a(
a2e4/1E\O\/,GS7<(ci7F423:
"(1l(./PGH-(]*$=F1XYN1Z(7844(9GHIE$=F1X7>7
F5*>N*)7/(R[0Gmaf47n4(27>77(k;7o=$=F1:/:/:()*7(p4
i*I7(6OPqCÔNG NGHỆ SẢN XUẤT YAOURTr
()*()*? 1=4D
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
Chương 1: Tổng quan về sữa chua
1.1. Giới thiệu
$=F1O2d7(Q4423a*f7/_4Fs[G-(>(9^I2=:4N
=NX$=F1O2d7;(f*5(57>72,7/_4O0=14(HX14T*7(Tt/
7(TK:
1;(01234(9=NGH-(]*N=F11EO=a54/P7(o4F5:E1p7
/*_/0N=F18O2d77>7(GHIE(=NOuO-(_(d-/,(0(9/()
YiGmaf47o=<(>7(457>72,7<(>7(=:v7>72,7TNtXGQ=7(=
O2d7Gmaf4<(>-(u[R^Oh(R<w:154(>X*_/07o=GQ=7(=N=F1
7)<(>7(=x*y/_4XO`7[9OMO`7(F`7Fz4-(f(M7/F(0(R7o=*y
2,7:
1.2. Các loại yaourt
H-(]*N=F17)(O2d7-(TF5(2G=
{ Yaourt truyền thống (Set type):H-(]*7)7E1p74i*0:1F4YN
1Z(GHIEN=F11NP(\4XGQ=4N;9G=<(O2d7Im|X7EN
4\41WO2d71)/F[=F[Z:}>1Z(;*iaV1=1F4[=F[Z*IE
(9<(\OF4/5F7E1p7O`71247(FGH-(]*:
{ Yaourt dạng khuấy ( Stirred type):<(\O84IE(91F4GH-(]*G=
Y>1Z(;*i[0-(>(oN*M-(haFGU<(EN1M7.(67:1F4YN1Z(
GHIEN=F1a54<(ENXGQ=4N;9O2d7Im|/7EN4\41W;
*i1F4(R[07(N;a_4XR-(iFY>1Z(*5(/1)GH-(]*
/F[=F[Z:$=F1a54<(ENG~<(847)7E1p74i*0/OW4(E(2

N=F11NP(\4:
{ Yaourt uống hay dạng lỏng( Drinking type):<(\O84IE(91F4GH
-(]*G=Y>1Z(;*i[0-(>(oN(FF:H-(]*7)a54c4X<(
Gmaf4X423;a_4<(847ha_4*y4:O*<(>7[9G=Y>
1Z(;*iX423=Gmaf4-(2.4-(>-<(EN1M(F`7-(2.4-(>-
OW4()=O-(>(oN7E1p74i7o=<(\O84/*4H*OM(,7(FGH
-(]*:
{ Yaourt lạnh đông (Frozen type):GH-(]*7)a542.4U(2<i*XY>
1Z(;*iGQ=O2d7(U7(91F4(R[07(N;a_4XR-(iF(y(d-
()*()*? 1=4?
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
G=;*iG~O2d7Oi*OIm|/5(OM4*@4OM7S47(FGH-(]*
1W[=F4):
{ Yaourt cô đặc ( Concentrated type):YN1Z(GHIE[=F4W*7>74=OF5
Y=164(2;*iGQ=X78O`7X*5(/O)44)GH-(]*:1F4Y>
1Z(78O`7X423=G~>7([,(NR(=(GQ=1=<(cGH-(]*:$=F178
O`77b7);46G=iaN=F1(=N=[i(:
4N=NXOO=a54()=(.Q=GH-(]*N=F11;(01234X423=7)([u
G4(;*(2.49X7(E*(U7-(]*(F`7-1ii1>7TN/FGH-(]*:
`<(>7-(TF5N=F1aU=/F(*2d47(E[•F1F4GH-(]*:+2d47(E
[•F1F4N=F17)(a=FOM4^B{CB€X(84(234^B:?{•:?€:(iFu
7(S7NR(R4,‚%/u7(S7842.4ƒ!%XGH-(]*N=F17)(7(=
((•()*G=
{ Yaourt béo (Fat yaourt):(*2d47(E[•F1F4GH-(]*<(84(E-(.
•€:
{ Yaourt Bán gầy (partially skimmed yaourt):(*2d47(E[•F„*1F4
<(FH4B:?…•€
{ Yaourt gầy (Skimmed yaourt):(*2d47(E[•F<(84,(.B:?€:
=Y>1Z(;*iXN=F17)7(S=G(<(\/<(]=77/*MG\
i†N*i4F5[FaF7(p4R1=:'FO)XGH-(]*-(HO2d7[HFYHx(9OM

(E-‡A…D
B
ˆO(57(R(Q4[Ed7)(*(=NOu*_/0/7>77(k;7(E
2d4<(>77o=N=F1:>7/<(]7)1F4N=F11E7)d7(FY>1Z(;()=
(S7@x7.(423:4F7>74>10a(a2e4(84(234X*MG\(<(F=
(67Oz7(F1„4GQ=;*iN=F17b7)7(S7@4*7(*Y>1Z(zF()=/
<•Fau(67(F423Gmaf4:
"<•Fa(34=[HFYH/4H*7(-(‰/7(NX[HFYHGH-(]*X
423=7)(Gmaf4Y>1Z((=(1_4(F`791_41F4YN1Z(
7844(9GHIE*MG\a54N=F1:j(O)X()*/<(]=77/7>7/G(
/[0(V*/FGH-(]*G~[0a9(F`7S77(R:$=F1\4…a54c4…Y=Im
|91_47)([HFYHx(9OM-(b4:N(;X*MG\Y\74=(9
=N<(847(F-(•-Gmaf4(9OM7=FO;a9(F`7S77(R()*/<(]
=771F4GH-(]*(„*4Q5•1NP(\47(FGH-(]*N=F1/(Q4d
‰7(aF()*/<(]=77*=4OR7(F423Gmaf4:
()*()*? 1=4Š
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
()*()*? 1=4‹
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
Chương 2: Tổng quan về nguyên liệu
2.1. Nguyên liệu trong sản xuất yaourt
{ Q=4N;9GQ=2.XGQ=[MXGQ=78O`7XGQ=(F4N;(F`7GQ=>
7(R:
{ (E5F467aXGŒiiii1
{ (EuO0(i=X-i7X!4=1{=4=1
{ <(];*i=77!&/#!001!/&%0#2134!0542215124&1
1>7TN7>7F5(2aTX>FX(.*XG.1•O2d7[uG4/F(234a2,
a54-1ii:
MG\GH-(]*N=F17bO2d7[uG4(;*(2.49/7(E*1F4
YN1Z(GHIE:_N(iFZ((Z(7o=*yY\74=*[H4a=(*f77>7-(f

4=4N;9/*O2d7-(•-Gmaf41F47(R[R(U7-(]*/,P2d4
\O=YNO0(7)(G~<(>7(=:
2.2. Yêu cầu của sữa nguyên liệu chế biến yaourt:
• "M/9G(7=FX-(H7)(*2d4/<(](E-
• j(847(S=7>7i†N*i/7>7(d-7(E()=(67<P*(z*GU-(>17o=
*i4\4(27>77(E]N1m=X7(EG><(]
• j(847(S=7(E<(>4G(‡-i7XG1i-F*N7•:ˆX[=7i1F-(=4i‡(U7
<(](ˆ/7>7/G(/<P*(z*GU-(>17o=*i4\4:
5(*>N7h<*1=4(;*4`7>77(k;OM2.XOMG57(Xu47(E
<(8X(*2d47(E[•FX7H*Y=:
4N;9GQ=<(>7(=O7(R[RGQ=7(=[=F4W*GQ=2.XGQ=<(84
[•FX<i*XGQ=78O`7/GQ=<(8<(84[•F:vF=jŽXGQ=7(=*MGH-(]*
(54!‡M$RF=jŽ/'07(/f(TG(@*C•••ˆ:>77(R/P7>7N;7h
/PGHIEGQ=X/7(N/7(R[R:54!7)4(•=1„4E7H7>7((-(h
GQ=Gmaf4-(HOR^>7f7}H|(U7-(]*/a2d7-(]*‡ƒ'!ˆ4>*G>
54!1=415[bGQ=/GHIE(54!(*>NX(iFYNO0(OP1=1F4}N
O0(91_4GQ=(iF-(2.4-(>-={IF‡%ˆ:
4N;97.[H1F4GQ=7(=GQ=XOPO)7(F(ENE7H7>74N;
9GQ=;O2d7U=7(67(F7(E2d4/<(]7=FOOH*[HFP*@45F;
(2.4/0\(E1F4GQ=7(=:Q=;/‘^(Q47F[b<(ci*5(O2d77(F
@(S7@(*5(/4Q1F4*81234I4Y=(G57(G~:2.4/0XOMOW4
()*()*? 1=4’
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
(EX/GUGHG(=I1F4Y>1Z(;*iGQ=7(=[0H((2x4[Ed<(Gm
af4GQ=[b/,/p[0(V*‡/;*/pˆX[9(X(F`71F44=OF5Oh(F`77\
7o=7(<ŽX[=F4W*7HGQ=7)7(S=G\2d4/<(]7=FX7>7G\2d4R[FG\4
[E(234/7H(\7<(>4G(X(\7<(m1_4(F`77>7OP<9*/9G(:
"PN7);Y=ORGU@412x47o=(9/G(1F4GQ=7(=X)G~4TNH(
(2x4[EdORGU;*i[„4/G(/X4TN;8(V*aF1F4GQ=7(S=7>7
R[FGF*=7=FX(F`7(\7<(>4G(/(\7<(m1_4a22d4()=7(E:Z

/NXGQ=(2/N7)(<(84O2d7Gmaf4OGHIEGQ=7(=:
\Y=T*,1F4GQ=OGHIEGQ=7(=7(E2d4/<(]
‡  (=a=XC•’A  XC••‹  XABBD“  (=a=  /  (=(=  XC•••  XC••?“  =**i  /
&F[GFXC•••ˆ/GU(9a97o=7(ES77(R:M1F4(=G(/1F4GQ=
7(=X!&/#!001!/&%0#21O`7[9(5N7H*/,<(>4G(‡BXBC{BXB?”*
-i7ˆ:j*1=(234IN;GU7)*`7o=<(>4G(1F4GQ=5-(b4(‰
4(9*/OP1=7>7[9-(>-<(>7<*GF>\7>7a22d4<(>4G(:
4F(\7<(>4G(X(\7<(m1_4Wa2//9G([„4()=7(E7)
(S77(RGU-(>17o=(9/G(1F4GQ=7(=:>7(d-7(E7F(2(N-F7F1
/FaF-(F1G7)(S77(R*M-(h7>7(9/G(<(xOM45*M*S7OMŠ*4”
ORCB*4”GQ=:9-(>--(b44^=(84(234/P/97Gmaf47>77(EN
1;7>71=415;Oz*4H*O2d7GUH((2x4N:`<(>7X[7[\7>7
(d-7(E=*F=7S77(R/<(]=I=77xW4OM(E-BXC{CXB*4”X_N(M7
/FGU(5N7H*7o=7>74\4<(>7(=:1F41=415X7>7(d-7(EN;
O2d7Gmaf4(164:\(EX7>7(d-7(EN;1>(Gmaf41F4(*>N
GHIEGQ=7(=:
(E2d4/G(7o=GQ=1F4OGHIEGQ=7(=[=F4W*u4G\/
<(]Xu4G\1U7<(]Xu4G\E**i/E**\7x*S7OM(E-:;7(]
/7>7-(2.4-(>-<*1=7F•F1*;O2d7(U7(91;*y*–GQ=
O2d7a_4O7(R[RN=F1:j*1=E**i/E**\7;O2d7(U7(9
1;7.Gx4–(;:`7a_7F•F1*XE**iX/E**\7[k;a9[x
-(2.4-(>-(=(1_4X7>7/G(/N(V*/FGQ=<(Y>1Z(Im|GQ=
[„47>7(R[0<(84(d-/9G((F`7Im|GQ=1F4OP<9<(84Oo(9:
j(GQ=[02.4>7/,7>7[P*`<(84G57(X7(p47)([0(V*/<(]
()*()*? 1=4•
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
!/&%061&7!/&%0#2XF*7)<(H@4<(84[0;a9[x(9OM(=(
1_4:R7)*`X7>7/<(]NG~(=(7()4-(>11F4<(o7o=Y>
1Z(;*iGQ=7(=/7(p475(1=(/,7>7/<(]7)d1F4GQ=7(=:
"PNG~*1Z(Fz(34=;*i/”(F`7*4H*(2.4/07o=GQ=7(=:

$=F1CGH-(]*GQ=;*i:"GHIECG\GH-(]*GQ=XGQ=4N;
9-(H7)*MG\N;7h1;4‡Ii*[H4Cˆ
Bảng 1: Một số yêu cầu đặc trưng khác của sữa nguyên liệu
STT Đặc trưng Pho mát Bơ Sữa lên men Sữa cô đặc
C j(H@4;*i — — — {
A j(H@4O84f[x1i — { { {
• <(]O`7124 — — — —
D (kG\F — — { {
? "M7(=7o=71i=* { — — {
Š UFIN()=7(E[•F { — — {
89—7h-(H<*1=“{<(847h-(H<*1=
2.3. Yêu cầu về men giống
12,7(RX/977(][07(o4/G(/‡1F4GHIE(23446*i
4\4ˆ7hOH*[HFOM7(‰(I>77=F//81_4:
1F4GHIEN=F1<(T<•4(91EY=164XO)Gmaf4-(f4=/7(E
uO0((„*5F154(>[P/Q47(FN=F1<(2((1;(012347n4
(25Fa544i[P/Q47(FGH-(]*‡<(84>7(-(=ˆ
Chất ổn định là một nhóm chất phụ gia đưa vào thực phẩm phải đạt các yêu cầu
sau:
- j(84*=4‰(7(Ea(a2e4
- j(84OM7(5O\/,GS7<(ci7F423
- "2d7*^4N;9OzO2d7U=7(67](:(R-(]*N(FF
T(iF(Q4YNO0(/P‰(OW4(E/OM(<(R(iF;7(]7o=
MOW47(4(TtXgXM4(b=+;*=4"S7Xu7(S7+2.4(U7
(R4,:
- 12,7<(amaf47h<*1=<g2e4/-(HO2d7-(•-Gmaf4_N(iF
7o=*y2,7
- v9=*X1F47844(9GHIEN=F1O`7O2d7Gmaf47(EuO0(7)
*z(9?D’Š7)((-(h*7(oNR-i7X4i=X([M[R‰(•(„*
5F7E1p7uO0(7(FN=F1(x<(H@47‘/FIN()=*57(-FNG=7=1

()*()*? 1=4CB
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
(((Q4*57(4‘;*<(H@4<iF()=4)--(h*[;154(>
4i7o=GH-(]*:
2.4. Chỉ tiêu nguyên liệu.
2.4.1 Sữa tươi tiệt trùng (theo TCVN 7028 : 2002)
• Chỉ tiêu cảm quan
Chỉ tiêu Yêu cầu
1. G‘7 O`71247o=GH-(]*
2. _X/0 _X/0O`71247o=GH-(]*X<(847)*_X/05
3. 154(> '07((OW4(E
• Chỉ tiêu lý – hóa
Tên chỉ tiêu Mức yêu cầu
C:*2d47(E<(8X€<(\2d4X<(84(c(. CCX?
A:*2d47(E[•FX€<(\2d4X<(84(c(. •XA
•:w1647o=GQ=xAB
F
X4”*X<(84(c(. CXBA‹
D:"M=IX
F
 CŠ{C’
• Chỉ tiêu chất nhiễm bẩn
{ *2d4<*F5`4
Tên chỉ tiêu Mức tối đa
1. !GiX*4” BX?
2. (ZX*4” BX?
3. =a*X*4” CXB
4. (w4TX*4” BXB?
{ '2  2d4  (\7  1^  GT  /  a2  2d4  (\7  (p  N (iF  YNR  O0(
:;7,<<:7=->?:

• Chỉ tiêu vi sinh
Tên chỉ tiêu Mức cho phép
1. u4G\/G(/(R<(‰XG\<(]571F4C*GH-(]* CB
2. F•F1*GXG\/<(]1F4C*GH-(]* B
3. s:FXG\/<(]1F4C*GH-(]* B
4. =*Fi=XG\/<(]1F4A?*GH-(]* B
()*()*? 1=4CC
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
5. =-(NF7F77G=1iGXG\/<(]1F4C*GH-(]* B
6. FG1a*-i1•14iGXG\/<(]1F4C*GH-(]* B
2.4.2 Sữa cô đặc có đường (theo TCVN 5539 : 2002)
• Chỉ tiêu cảm quan
()*()*? 1=4CA
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
Tên chỉ
tiêu
Đặc trưng của sữa đặc có đường
C:G‘7
U(;7o=GQ=O`77)O234^/4<i*(5OR/4<i*
O*
O`71247o=GH-(]*O\/,GQ=7)[uG4-(f9
A:_X/0 (.*X46O`71247o=GH-(]*X<(847)*_/05
•:154
(>
0XOW4(EX<(84/)7f7X<(84[0‘4O234
• Chỉ tiêu lý – hóa
Tên chỉ tiêu Mức yêu cầu
C:*2d47(E<(8X€<(\2d4X<(84(c(. ‹CXB
A:*2d47(E[•FX€<(\2d4X<(84(c(. ŠX?
•:*2d4G=7=1F†=X€<(\2d4X<(84(c(. D•XB

D:"M=IXFX<(84,(. ?BXB
?:5-7(E<(84=1F42,7X*4”<4X<(84,(. ?XB
• Chỉ tiêu chất nhiễm bẩn
{ j*F5`4
Tên chỉ tiêu Mức tối đa
C:!GiX*4”<4 BX?
A:(ZX*4”<4 BX?
•:=a*X*4”<4 CXB
D:(w4TX*4”<4 BXB?
{ "M7\/E*!•=FIC<(84,(.B:?*4”<4
{ '22d4(\7[HF/9(U7//a22d4(\7(pN(iF}NRO0(
’Š‹”C••’”}"{$4NBD”D”C••’7o=M$R/P˜'=(*f7;7(]/9
G(O\/,2.4(U7X(U7-(]*˜:
• Chỉ tiêu vi sinh
()*()*? 1=4C•
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
Tên chỉ tiêu Mức cho phép
C:u4G\/G(/(R<(‰XG\<(]571F4C4GH
-(]*
CB
D
A:()*F•F1*XG\/<(]1F4C4GH-(]* CB
•:s:FXG\/<(]1F4C4GH-(]* B
D:=*Fi=XG\/<(]1F4A?4GH-(]* B
?:=-(NF7F77G=1iGXG\/<(]1F4C4GH-(]* B
Š:E**i/E**\7XG\<(]571F4C4GH-(]* CB
2.4.3 Sữa bột (theo TCVN 5538 : 2002)
>77(k;N>-af47(F7>7F5GQ=[Ma_41U7R-
 Q=[M4N;7(E‡‚(Fi*<-FŒai1ˆQ=[M7(S=^AŠ€ORDA€(*
2d47(E[•F:

 Q=[M>7(*M-(h7(E[•F‡=1NG<**ia*<-FŒai1ˆQ=[M7(S=
^CX?€ORAŠ€(*2d47(E[•F:
 Q=[M4hN‡G<**ia*<-FŒai1ˆQ=[M7(S=(c(.CX?€(*2d4
7(E[•F:
• Chỉ tiêu cảm quan
Tên chỉ tiêu Đặc trưng của sữa bột
G‘7 ^*1‘4OR*<i*(5:
_X/0 (.*X46O`71247o=GQ=[MX<(847)*_X/05:
154(> '54[MXOW4(EX<(84[0/)7f7X<(847)5-7(E5:
• Chỉ tiêu lý – hóa
C:*2d42,7X€<(\2d4X<(84,(.
A:*2d47(E[•FX€<(\2d4
()*()*? 1=4CD
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
•:*2d4-1FiX‰((iF(*2d47(E<(8<(847)7(E[•FX€<(\2d4
D:"M=IX
%
X<(84,(.
?:(kG\<(84(F=X<(84,(.
• Chỉ tiêu chất nhiễm bẩn
{ j*F5`4
Tên chỉ tiêu Mức tối đa
C:!GiX*4”<4 BX?
A:(ZX*4”<4 BX?
•:=a*X*4”<4 CXB
D:(w4TX*4”<4 BXB?
{ "M7\/E*7o=GQ=[M(*2d4!•=FICX<(84,(.BX?*
4”<4:
{ '22d4(\7(pN/(\7[HF/9(U7/7o=GQ=[M(iF}NRO0(
’Š‹”C••’”}"{$:

• Chỉ tiêu vi sinh
2.5. Chỉ tiêu sản phẩm
Sữa chua – Yaourt (theo TCVN 7030 : 2002)
()*()*? 1=4C?
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
;7(]N>-af47(F7>7F5GQ=7(=;*i=77:
1. @414A?01&!BH-(]*GQ=O2d77(R[R^GQ=2.XGQ=O`7(F`7
GQ=  [M  / 7(E  [•F  GQ=  7>7  F5 /  O2d7 ;  *i  [x  +=7F[=7G
[4=1G/Gi-F777G(i1*F-(G:::7)”(F`7<(84[uG47>7((
-(h-(f9:
2. @414CDAE%%/6D01&!BH-(]*GQ=7(=7(S=(*2d47(E
[•F(c(.BX?€:
3. @414!F%G!#CH!5I0A4&!2DE%%/6D01&!BH-(]*GQ=
7(=7(S=(*2d47(E[•F^BX?€ORAXB€:
4. @414JK'(AL//!//6D01&!BH-(]*GQ=7(=‡CXA/•ˆ
2.4S47)[uG4O234:
5. @414J5M1'N21AO2401&/6D01&!BH-(]*GQ=7(=
‡CXA/•ˆ2.4S47)[uG4(2.49(U7-(]*:
6. P#$%@414KQRS2T!41E2U%/A/4!-&/4!/64V!/&
V/&%/!4!0D01&!BH-(]*GQ=7(=‡?ˆO2d7Im|(9G=<(;
*i:(p4<(847b7(S=7>7/G(/G\4:
4N;X-(f9
{ Q=2.XGQ=O`7XGQ=[M/7>7F57(E[•FGQ=“
{ <(]+=7F[=7G[4=1G/Gi-F777G(i1*F-(G::::“
{ "234(N9X(iFŠ•?’ABBC“
{ 2,7X(iF}NRO0( ,W*<7*++*7>?7= /P˜;7(]/9G(2,7@
\4˜“
{ SYH7>7F5:
• Chỉ tiêu cảm quan
Tên chỉ tiêu Yêu cầu

G‘7 1‘4GQ=(F`7*O`71247o=-(f9[uG4
_X/0 "`71247(F^4F5GH-(]*
154(> 0XO`7G9
• Chỉ tiêu lý – hóa
Tên chỉ tiêu Mức yêu cầu
()*()*? 1=4CŠ
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
Sữa
chua
Sữa chua đã tách
một phần chất
béo
Sữa chua
gầy
*2d47(E<(8<(847(S=7(E[•FX
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"M=IX
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• Chỉ tiêu các chất nhiễm bẩn
{ j*F5`4
Tên chỉ tiêu Mức tối đa
C:!GiX*4” BX?
A:(ZX*4” BX?
•:=a*X*4” CXB
D:(w4TX*4” BXB?
{ "M7\/E*!•=FIC<(84,(.BX?›4”:
{ '22d4(\7[HF/9(U7//a22d4(\7(pN7o=GQ=7(=(iF

˜'=(*f7;7(]/9G(O\/,2.4(U7X(U7-(]*˜}NRO0(G\
:;7,<<:7=->?
• Chỉ tiêu vi sinh vật
Tên chỉ tiêu
Mức cho phép
Không xử lý nhiệt Xử lý nhiệt
C:u4G\/G(/(R<(‰XG\<(]571F4
C4GH-(]*
CB
D
CB
A:()*7F•F1*XG\/<(]C4GH-(]* CB B
•:=-(NF7F77G=1iGXG\/<(]1F4C4GH
-(]*
B B
D:s:FXG\/<(]1F4C4GH-(]* B B
()*()*? 1=4C‹
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
?:=*Fi=XG\/<(]1F4A?4GH-(]* B B
Š:E**i/E**\7XG\<(]571F4C4
GH-(]*
CB B
2.6. Chủng vi sinh vật
G(/Gmaf41F4GHIEN=F1^GQ=

$=F1*MGH-(]*GQ=;*iO2d7GHIE(84Y=/977(NOu
=7FGi((=7a=77[„47>7(Gmaf4/G(/O2d7U=7(6/,GU(Z(
((7o=7>7GH-(]*1=FOu7(E<(>7XO)OPY=1647(F/975F*_/0
/(2.4(.*7(FN=F1:Z/NX7>7=I=771F4GH-(]*GQ=;*i7)(=
()*()*? 1=4C’

'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
/=1b-(>1O`7124(2.4/07(=7o=GQ=;*i/[HFYH7(FGH
-(]*:+=7FGi1F4GQ=4N;7(E78O`7XGQ=>7(<i*(F`7GQ=[b2.7(N
Ou((=7a=77[x*MGU-(>17M4G(7o=!&/#!001!/&%0#21
/4!0542215124&1x(9OM1F4<(FH4DB{D?
B
‡‚FFaXC•’?ˆ:
=F/<(]O`7124Gmaf41F4GHIEGQ=7(=X7(0O2d7*812347)
OM=I(E-‡-^D{D:?ˆ
- 4!0542215124&1A5124&1B
F-
D?{?BB1F4*812347)OM
=I7=F
- !&/#!001!/&%0#21A!/&%0#21BY(>1\x(9OM?B
B
:+
/<(]=777(0(9;*iO(Z(:(>11F4*812347)OM
=I(E-(.+:[4=17G
maf4(y(d-7(F<RYHG(1==I=77\(.7(kGmaf41;4
^4F:=OF5Oh7o=Y>1Z(GHIEX-7o=GQ=(‰7((d-7(FF
!&/#!001 (F5  OM4  7(R*  2  (RX  /  Y>  1Z(  ;  *i  =77  [‘  Oh:
4!0542217)7(S=i†N*-(T4H-1Fi;7)<(H@4-(T>7(*MG\=I
=*^7=GiX<‰7((‰7(GU-(>17o=!&/#!001X*7(FOM=I@4;X
-GQ=(=NOu!&/#!001<()-(>1X4!0542217(R*2(R:
=Y>1Z(;*iXN=F17)7(S=G(<(\/<(]=77/*MG\
i†N*i4F5[FaF7(p4R1=:')O)GH-(]*-(HO2d7[HFYHx(9OM
(E-‡AœD
B
ˆO(57(R(Q4[ROu[Ed7)(*(=NOu*_X/0/7>77(k
;7(E2d4Y=164<(>77o=N=F1:>7/<(]=771F4N=F11E7)d

7(FY>1Z(;()=(S7@x7.(423:4F7>74>10a(a2e4(84
(234X*MG\(<(F=(67Oz7(F1„4GQ=;*iN=F17b7)7(S7@4*
7(*Y>1Z(zF()=/<•Fau(67(F423Gmaf4:
()*()*? 1=4C•
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
Chương 3: công nghệ sản xuất yaourt(sữa chua)
3.1. Nguyên tắc nguyên lý chế biến
1F47>7GH-(]*;*i^GQ=423=((EN7)•a54;*i7(‰(
{ +;*i12d
{ +;*i=77
{ +;*i[N17
+;*i=77Y>1Z(;*i7(oNR7o=7>7GH-(]*GQ=7(=:'U=
/F((-(hGm=GH-(]*;*i*423=7(=((;*i=77O
(Z(/;*i=77<(84O(Z(:
1F4*81234GQ=/<(]=77u4(d-i†N*i=7FGi:
"2344==7FGi7(N()=((47FGi
"23447FGi7(N()=((=I-N1/7(iF7(1Z(4N7FGG7o=
s*[ai…iNi1(F•:
!7a-N1/7R-f77(N((=I=77a2,>7af47o=i†N*i=7=i
ai(Na1F4i=Gi:
;75(O)Xa2,>7af47o=i†N*iai7=1[FIN=Gi7o=/<(]=77=77
-N1/77n47(N((=ai(=Ii7:
()*()*? 1=4AB
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
3.2. Cơ chế đông tụ sữa trong sản xuất sữa chua đặc
!I=77O)4/=1b1EY=164O\/,GUO84fGQ=1F4Y>1Z(
GHIEGQ=7(=O`7:
Z((2347>7*7i7=Gi1F4GQ=‰7(O9T*;7(p4O]N(=/
OPO)*7(F7>7*7i7=GiW5a2,a54<iF:
!I=775F^Y>1Z(;*iG~*4H*-7o=GQ=:j(-7o=GQ=

[„4-7o=7=Gi‡D:‹ˆ7>7*7ii7=Gi[014(b=/PO9‰7(/*7i7=Gi
G~O84f5F((4i:j(-4H*I\4a2,-X7>7*7i7=GiO2d7>(b=
=:7.GxNO2d7S4af41F4GHIEGQ=7(=<(a^4Y>1Z(;*i
7o=GQ=7(=O`7x-•D:‹:bxGQ=7(=\4-•D:C:
!I=777b(=*4=-(HS4/,7=Gi=i7=7*5FY9GQ=
>77=7*-(FG-(=i<iFG~*(b==/5F1==
A—
:>7FN*7(F
<(\O84f[P7(`(.:
3.3. Sản xuất men cái sữa chua
(][0*i7>*M784OF51EY=1641F4GHIEGQ=7(=/Z
)*@4(F5‰(7o=7(o4/<(]Gmaf4:
()*()*? 1=4AC
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
3.4. Thuyết minh quy trình sản xuất men cái sữa chua
• Trộn – hòa tan2,7O2d7T4(9;ŠB
B
/G=O)O2d7O2=/F[M-(
O0(2d4OO2=/F[W*i:MGQ=4hNO2d71M(b==/,2,7x1F4
[W(37>(<(EN:
• Thanh trùng:a07(GQ=G=1M/(b==O2d7(=(1_4x•B
B
1F4•B-(p
O;a9/G(/4TN[9(:
• Làm nguội:a07(GQ=G=(=(1_4O2d7*4MI\4D•
B
(9OM(‰7(
(d-7(FY>1Z(;*i:
• Cấy men:i4\4<(8G~O2d77(F/F[W4/<(ENOP1F4CB-(p:
• Lên men:‘7>(<(ENXY>1Z(;*iIHN1=:=<(FH4?{‹43xD•{D?

B
X
-7o=*i7>G~4H*I\4D:•{D:?(ZR((*5(*i7>:
• Làm lạnh:*x7>(<(ENX*5(*i7>I\4ORD{’
B
:*i7G~O2d7
24Qx(9OMN<(84Y>D’43:
()*()*? 1=4AA
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
3.5. Quy trình sản xuất sữa chua.
(1) Sữa chua dạng truyền thống
()*()*? 1=4A•
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
(2) Sữa chua dạng khuấy
(3) Sữa chua dạng uống 1
(4) Sữa chua dạng uống 2
(5) Sữa chua dạng uống 3
3.5.1 Thuyêt minh quy trình
• Tiêu chuẩn hóa
*2d47(E[•F/7>77(E<(87o=GQ=(234O2d7;7(]()=(iF
*z/7>74N;‘77o=ƒ!%”‚%:
(E[•FQ=7(=7)(7)(*2d47(E[•F^BORCB€:N(;(*2d4
7(E[•F(84af4(E<(FH4BX?{•X?€:
ZK[Y97(k((*2d47(E[•F1F4GQ=7(=‡(234B:?{•:?€ˆ:
>\KMY*2d47(E[•Fp7NO5*M4e4(EO0(X7)(2d47(E
[•F@4;RGQ=4N;97)(*2d47(E[•F(E-/42d75(*2d4
7(E[•F4H*R2d47(E[•F1F4GQ=4N;9p7Oh7=F(.GF*S7N;
7h:
F!"Y
• uG471i=*/F1F4GQ=4N;9R(*2d47(E[•F1F4GQ=

4N;9(E-:
• R((T*((Aab4Cab4GQ=4hN/Cab471i=*:_N(iF(*
2d4N;7h7)([uG4(;*71i=*(F`7GQ=4hN/F4N;9:
• Hiện chỉnh hàm lượng chất khô (SNF)
Hàm lượng chất khô
(iF*z/7>74N;‘77o=ƒ!%”‚%7>7ƒ\(’XA€(*
2d4\2CD{CŠ€*(*2d4(84(234<(FH4CC:?{CA:‹€:U4=@4
u4(*2d47(E<(8XO`7[9w97=Gi/Œ(iN-1FiXG~a–ORGQ=7(=
O2d7O845/Q47(‘7(.X/I(2,4Œ(iN>7(G=O)G~O2d74H*:
ZK[Y"P7(k((*2d47(E<(8(iFN;7hX(*2d4\2CD{CŠ€
*(*2d4(84(234<(FH4CC:?{CA:‹€:
>\KMY*2d47(E<(81F4GQ=4N;9@4;(iFN;7h
F!"Y"@4(*2d47(E<(81F4GQ=2.X7(][07(FY>1Z(
;*i=7)(7(6*M1F4(Q47>7(-(u[R(EO(97(k((*2d4
7(E<(8(2G=
()*()*? 1=4AD
'(:+;@(EF 844(9GHIE$=F1
8O`7GQ=1F4OP<97(T<(84O*[=N(.O*M2d42,7(E
O0(:(‰7(GQ=G=Y>1Z(78O`7(2344=*O^CB{AB€:"PNOW4
4(•=/,/97(*2d47(E<(81F4GQ=4N;9@4;^CX?{•€:)(
<R(d-[<(‰/,78O`7GQ=1F4OP<97(T<(84(F`7(R[078O`7GQ=
a54*41.:
8G4(;**M2d4GQ=4hN/FGQ=4N;9/,N;7h(*2d4
[MGQ=4hNGmaf4(234<(847=F(.•€GF/,<(\2d4GQ=2.:
uG4(;*GQ=O`7/FGQ=4N;9
m|[„4-(2.4-(>-G;(67‡1={•1=Fˆ(F`7(]*(E42d7
‡1i/i1GiFG*FGGˆ1;(R[0-(h1;4[„4*i*[1=i:'b4GH-(]*<(84Y=
*4‡1ii=iˆ(F>1=^(R[0-(h1;47)(*2d47(E<(87=F:
}>1Z(G;677)>-GE/((C{CB[=1:
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• Bài khí
ZK[Y+*4H*/F51^<(‰(b==1F4GQ=4N;9X@4(9YHY>
1Z(OW4()=/(=(1_4/F5[c7>7*_<()7(01F44N;9GQ=2.:
>\KMY+*4H*/F51^<(‰1F4GQ=4N;9;*Y>1Z(OW4()=X
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()*()*? 1=4A?