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Bồi dưỡng toán 11 nâng cao phần dãy số

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
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(
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[
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1
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ndnU
nUU
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&*
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qUU  
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nnn
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UUUS
n
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++, -
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81
=
=
UU 
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nnS
n
65
2
+=

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n
S ,12
=>?97@/
n
U 812AB$C
1


=
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(
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101110110
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=
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1 2 3 4
1 2 3
40
104
n n n n
a a a a
a a a a
− − −
+ + + =


+ + + =


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1 2 1 3 2 4 3
n n n n
a a a a a a a a
− − −
+ = + = + = +
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n
a a+ =
1
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1
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2
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a d
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1
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(
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

+, INS!/ /48
α
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2
1 sin ;sin ;1 sin 3
α α α
+ +
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sin
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2 5
n
a n
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&D

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1
2
n n
a a

− =
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20
320
s
=

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$UIDbNS!/0<
X" RWZS!,
; 2; 4; 6
a a a a
+ + +
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(
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(
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a a a a+ + + =
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(
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2
6
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135; 134
u u
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2
6 135 9 15

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2
6 134
a a+ = −
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1
n
a
m
=
,
1
m
a
n
=
 
(
)
m n

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812

=>N<
1
1
a d
mn
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1
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mn
mn
a a
mn
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+
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1 2
; ;
n
u u u
460<
0 1,
i
u i n
> ∀ =
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$ ! 45

1 2 2 3 1 1
1 1 1 1

. .
n n n
n
u u u u u u u u


+ + + =

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1 2 2 3 1 1
1 1 1 1

n n n
n
u u u u u u u u


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1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

n n n n n n
u u u u u u u u u u u u u
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+
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1 2 2 3 1
1 1 1

. .
n n
u u u u u u

+ + +

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1 2 2 3 1

. .
n n
d d d
u u u u u u

+ + + #
3 2 1
2 1
1 2 2 3 1

. .

n n
n n
u u u u
u u
u u u u u u


− −

+ + + 
1
1 2 2 3 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

n
n n n n
u u
u u u u u u u u u u


= − + − + + − = − =
(
)
1 1
1
1
n n
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n
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u u u u



=

=

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1 2 2 3 1 1
1 1 1 1

. .
n n n
n
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3 2 1
2 1
2 1 3 2 1

n n
n n
u u u u
u u
S
u u u u u u



− −

= + + +
− − −
>6
2 1 3 2 1

n n
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( )
(
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( )
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
n
n
n
n n
d n

u u
u u n
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u u
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+
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

=>Id:! JK0JK
( )
1
1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
( ) 2
n
n n n n n
u u
u u u u u u u u u u u
− −
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+ + + + + = + + +
 

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X" 
S
=
( )
1
1 2 1 1 2 1
1 1 1 1
( )
n
n n n n
u u
u u u u u u u u
− −
+ + + + + HS46!" <
1 2 1 1 2 1

n n n n
u u u u u u u u
− −
+ = + = = + = +
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1 2 1 1 2 1
1 2 1 1 2 1
( )
n n n n
n n n n
u u u u u u u u
u u u u u u u u

− −
− −
+ + + +
+ + + + 
1 2 1 1 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

n n n n
S
u u u u u u u u
− −
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#
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1 1 1
2
n
u u u
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+ + +
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(
)
3 2
3
n n n
S S S

= − 
N--He#
(
)
2
3
n n
S S

(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
1 1
2 2 1 2 2 1
3
2 2
u n d n u n d n
 
+ − + −
= −
 
 
 
#
(

)
1
3
2 3 1 3
2
n
u n d n
S
+ −
 
 
= 
+, -662!2O
m n
S S
=
 
m n

! 45
0
m n
S
+
=

=>Nf W 
(
)
(

)
1 1
2 1 2 1
2 2
m n
u m d m u n d n
S s
+ − + −
   
   
=  =
(
)
(
)
2 2
1 1
2 2
u m m m d u n n n d

+ − = + − A(C
(
)
(
)
1
2 1 0
m n u m n d

− + + − =

 
 
>6
m n

;fA(C4
(
)
1
2 1 0
u m n d
+ + − =
A((C
] ^_/
(
)
(
)
1
2 1
2
m n
u m n d m n
S
+
+ + − +
 
 
= H-
0

m n
S
+
=

+, -N7890: ;812,
3 1
n
n
S
= −
! 4512,12
*
=>NfO7812
(
)
(
)
1
1
3 1 3 1
n n
n n n
a S S


= − = − − −
1 1
3 3 2.3
n n n

n
a
− −
 = − =

.FJK
1
2
1
3.3
3.3
n
n
n
n
a
a



= #I ,g
{
}
n
a
,*<3 @#I
+, -S!I<735$&R,I90: ; 8!*,0hi ,/
9I%$I%$b8!
=>X WY
1 3 2 13 3 15

; ;
u a u a u a
= = =

[ 0<
1 1 2 1 3 1
2 ; 12 ; 14
u a d u a d u a d
= + = + = +
H 1, 8
N\6 W 
1 2 3
124
u u u
+ + =
(
)
1
3 28 124 1
a d + = 
] ^_/N\6O8*
( ) ( )( ) ( )
2
1 1 1 1
12 2 14 2 29 0 2
a d a d a d a d+ = + + ⇔ + =

NfA$C,A&C4
1
116; 8

a d
= = −
H-
1 2 3
100; 20; 4
u u u
= = =

+, -63-,*Lc4fJK6&%$aQa&Qa-0J
j!=2S!/0<
=>X" /WZS!,
2 3
; ; ;
a aq aq aq

[ 0<\6 W &a@&a@
&
kQa@
I
k&Q-,>60<
(
)
(
)
(
)
2
2 1 2 7
aq a aq
− = − + −






(
)
(
)
(
)
2 3
2 7 1 27
aq aq aq− = − + −
?4
( )
( )
2
2
1 7
1 14
a q
aq q

− =


− =



7
2
a
q
=



=


H-3WZS!,
+, -N7/98!*V 935bT<73SJK8/
98<35RRl=2S!,
=>N\6 W 
1
1 1 1
56
1
n
a
a a q a q
q
+ + + = =

,
2
2 2
2 2
1

1 1 1
2
448
1
n
a
a a q a q
q
+ + + + = =


[ 0<<
( )
1
2
2
1
56(1 )
448 1
a q
a q
= −



= −


(
)

1
8 1
a q
 = +
>60<
( ) ( )
3
8 1 56 1
4
q q q
+ = −  =
,
$
#$R
+, -+<735Tb-,!*mL3!0KM,
3$U0KM30Jn!NS!I0<
3NS!3-,*3 4578c35&TP7/3SJK8
c35ITR
?ba$baRb
+$laTa&6^&aTa$l
+, -6*
1 2
; ;
u u ! 45
2
2 3 2
n n n
n n n n
S S S
S S S S


=
− −

N--HN#
(
)
( ) ( )
1
2
2
1 1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
n
n
n n
n n
u q
q
q
q q
u q u q
q q




=
− − +
− −

− −
#
( )
1 1
1
n
n
n n
q
q
q q

=

A(C
He#
(
)
(
)
( ) ( )
2
1 1
2
3 2

3 2
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
n n
n n
n n
n n
u q u q
q q
q
q q
u q u q
q q
− − −


=

− −

− −
#
( )
2
2
1
n n

n
n n n
q q
q
q q q

=

A((C
H-fA(C,A((C4e]
+, -! 45 ; ;
2 2 2
A B C
tg tg tg
N\6o-,S6pa6+a6
q\6o-,
=>N\6 W 
sin sin
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
cos cos cos
2 2 2
A C B
A C B
tg tg tg
A C C
+
+ = ⇔ =
2

cos 2sin cos cos
2 2 2 2
B B A C
⇔ = 
1 cos 1 cos cos cos
B B A C
⇔ + = − + +
2cos cos cos
B A C
⇔ = +

+, -! 45 ; ;
2 2 2
A B C
cotg cotg cotg
N\6o-,S39a
3aq\6o-,




=>N\6 W 
sin cos
2 2
cot cot 2cot 2
2 2 2
sin sin sin
2 2 2
A C B
A C B

g g g
A C B
+
+ = ⇔ =
2sin
2
cos
2
A C
A C
+
=
+
sin cos sin cos cos
2 2 2 2 2
A C A C A C A C A C
+ + + − +
 
⇔ = −
 
 
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
sin sin sin sin sin sin
2 2
A C A C B A C
⇔ + = + ⇔ = +
2 ; ;
a c b a b c
⇔ + = ⇔ ÷


+, -! 45 ; ;
2 2 2
A B C
cotg cotg cotg
N\6o-,S39
2 2 2
; ;
a b c
q\6o-,
=>N\6 W 
(
)
sin
2cos
cot cot 2 cot
sin .sin sin
A C
B
gA gC gB
A B B
+
+ = ⇔ =
2 2
2sin 2sin 2sin sin cos
B B C B
⇔ =
2 2 2 2
2 cos
b ac B a c b

⇔ = = + −
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 ; ;
b a c a b c
⇔ = + ⇔ ÷ 






























































  



∀∀

 !"#$%& "'
' ()& * r


+
 /FO  9eF%4f%F*% 
 /O8  9%;_s
  

C] t 12<97@/
r

#
Q

I
+
S



ru !
+∞→
#I
3C612Ar

C r

#
b

&

&
&
+
+
] t


ru !
+∞→
#D
=> 
D
r

#
b


&

&
&
+
+
v
&

&
#

&
vB

&
"
D
# $

&
+







C612Ar


C r

#
R

&

&
&
&
+
+
+
] t


ru !
+∞→
#$
6@!, @ v$] t


@u !
+∞→
#D
C] t
=−+
∞→
C$Au !


Da 3C] t D
$

? &
u !
I

=
+
∞→

  !"#$%&%'(')
*NS!/  9
 C
$$


IC&A
IC&A
u !
++
∞→
+−
+−
a3C C$bAu !
&&

+−+
∞→


+NS!/  9
 C
&
I&
u !
&
&

−+
++
+∞→
a3C $u !
&

−++
+∞→

C
( )
$
$

I&
$
&$
$
u !

+

+++
+∞→
a1C
R
&&&


C$A&I$&
u !
++++
+∞→

=>C WY,!w6
&
3CL* ;n
Cr

#$
$

$
+
>60<u !r

#$ !
$

$
+
#$

,
C612Ar

Cx/0J r

#
C&CA$A
$

RI&
$
I&$
$
++
+++





NS!


ru !
+∞→

3C612Ar

Cx/0J r


#
I&
&
$&

&
b
&
I
&
$

++++ 
NS!


ru !
+∞→

-
612<Or
E$
k&r

Er
$
#λH λ,!5
=2O  9
&




r
u !
+∞→

,-./ 0
+, $C3FVN< 07
7
21
7
21
3
7
3
3
>+
+
=
+
=−
+
=−
ndo
nnn
n
Un 
>6- Ir



v
⇔
Q

&$
+
v⇔B
Q

&$

M0*
D
#






− Q

&$
E$[ 0<fA$C
4∀

D
S Ir



v


ru !
+∞→
#I
C
R&
R
$
R&
&
$r
&&
&

++
=−
++
+
=−

>6-

C$A
R

R&
R
$r

&&

<
+
<
++
⇔<−
B
$

&



D
#
$$

&
+








+, &>6
@

v$
$
@
$
>
S∃
$
@
$
+=

N<
$
$
C$A
$
@D@


+

+
==−

Ac+N+\ A$EC

H 4JxF+0
C$

$

A

$


$
$


$
$
−>>+⇔<
+

D
#
$$

$

$
+















+, I
C
$
$
$$Dr

++
=−+=−+=− 

&


R
$

&
$
6
&
$
Dr ><<− 
D
#
$

R
$
&
+











3C
&II


&
$

&
? 
$

&
Dr <
+
<

+
=− 6
&

&
vεB

&

D
# $

&
+ 
+, RCu
$
#
$$


IC&A
IC&A
u !
++
∞→
+−
+−
 #
$
I

&
I
$
I
&
I
$
u !
$


+







+







+
+∞→


N] 0Jn
D
I
&
u !
I
&
u !
$



=






=







+
+∞→+∞→


/1y0/FO_   9<u
$
#
$
I
$
#
I
$

3CL* ;n%/1y
=
+∞→

R
u !

=
+∞→
&


b
u ! =
+∞→
&


$
u !

DN0Jnu
&
#D
+, b1CN<

&$
&
EI&
&
E'EAE$C
&
#A$E$C$
&
EA&E$C&
&
E'EAE$C
&

#A$
I
E&
I
EI
I
E'E
I
CEA$
&
E&
&

EI
I
E'E
&
C#
T
C$&CA$A
R
C$A
&&
++
+
+

R
&&&


C$A&I$&
u !
++++
+∞→
#
R
&&


R
C$A
u !

+
+∞→
E
R


T
C$&CA$A
u !
+
+
+∞→
#
R
$

+, TC
&_
$
$_
&
_
$
C&_CA$_A_
$
+
+
+
−=
++

r

#
$

$
&

$
&
$
+

+
+

?4 !r

#$)&
3Cr

#
I&
&
$&

&
b
&
I

&
$

++++
A$C?4
=

r
&
$
$RI&
&
$&

&
b
&
I
&
$
+

++++
A&C
N4ff8A$C,A&C0Jn
=

r
&
$

$I&
&
$&
&
$

&
$
&
$
&
&
$
+










++++

#
$
$
&

&
$&
$
&
$
$
&
$
&
$
&
&
$
+











+
?4r

#$E&
$

$
&
$&
&
$
$
+

















− AIC
>6 D
&
$&
u !
&

$
u !


$

=

=






+∞→

+∞→
H-AIC_ /1y/O  9
<


ru !
+∞→
#D




+, Q

Nfr
E$
k&r

Er
$
#λ4Ar
E$
r

C#Ar

r
$
CEλ
^H

#r

r
$

Nf4;<H
E$
#H

Eλ0 0<<AH

C-,  λ
N<r


#r
$
EAr
&
r
$
CEAr
I
r
&
CE'EAr

r
$
CA$C#r
$
EH
&
E'EH

 
H
&
EH
I
E'EH

#
[

]
&
C$AC&AH&
&


+
#Ar
&
r
$
CA$CE
C&IA
&

&
+−
A&C
NfA$C,A&C4 r

#r
$
EAr
&
r
$
CA$CE
C&IA
&


&
+−


&
&

&I
&
$&
&
$
&

&


$
CrrA

r

r
+−
+

−+=
AIC_ /1y/O  
9<
&




r
u !
+∞→
#
&

























 
p,  98=,!zAxC_ x  x
D
J !" 
εBDh9 δ66∀x!,
D
xx

vδS CpCxAz

vε
cx≠x
D






+, $6zAxC#IxE$D] t
$TCxAzu !
&x
=


+, &6zAxC#x
&
ERxEb] t

$DCxAzu !
$x
=


+, I6zAxC#x
I
E&] t
ICxAzu !
$x
=


+, R6,!zAxC#
Q
x
&xI
+
+
] t
ICxAzu !
x
=
∞→

+, b6,!zAxC#
&
x
I
+

] t
+∞
=
+
−→
CxAzu !
&x


ee?Y1y/F3 07 0`_Y0 /,:35D
$X  919
D
D

u69 $?Y1y50d,F* ;n
NS!/  90*
$C
x&
$x&$
u !
Dx
−+

bC
&&xx
&x
u !
&
&
&x

−+−


a&C
&x
&xR
u !
I
&x



TC
$
x
x
x
$x
u !
&I
I
$x

+



aIC
x
x$$x

u !
I
Dx
−−+

QC
x6$
x$
u !
R

x





RC
R
x
&xIx
u !
&
&x

−−

lC
x$
x6? x

u !
R
x





c[ #&6^#IJi JiY1yF* ;nP_ K
0`4/h_;Y1yF3 07 3 
u69 &./0'&'123
+, $6,;1JK,≠D! 45
=
−+

x
$x$
u !

Dx



ui  W ^#

x
$
+
_ 0<fx→D4→$
H- =

−+

x
$x$
u !

Dx

$
$
u !

$



#
C$CA$A
$
u !
&$
$
++++−

−−

#




+, &60eAxC#
$
xE
&
x
&
EE

x

 
$
≠D




NS!  9u#
x
$CxAe$
u !

Dx
−+


=>N<u#
x
CxAe


CxAe
$CxAe$
u !

Dx
−+


#
CxxAu !
CxAe
$CxAe$
u !
$
&$
Dx

Dx

→→
+++
−+
#
$

CxAe
$CxAe$
u !

Dx

−+


^#eAxC_ 0<<x→DS→D
CxAe
$CxAe$
u !

Dx
−+

#

$

$$
u !

D
=
−+

A/1y_@W3, 4;C
+, INS!  9
x
$xR$xI$x&$
u !
RI
Dx
−+++



=>N<
$xR$xI$x&$
RI

+
+
+

#
II
xI$x&$xI$x&$x&$x&$
+
+

+
+
+
+

+
$xR$xI$x&$
RI

+
+
+
+


H-<
x
$xR$xI$x&$
u !
RI
Dx
−+++


#








−+
+++
−+
++
−+

x
$xR$
xI$x&$
x
$xI$
x&$

x
$x&$
u !
R
I
I
Dx
#
#
+
−+

x
$x&$
u !
Dx
+
−+

x
$xI$
u !
I
Dx
x
$xR$
u !
R
Dx
−+



N\63, 4;<u#
&
&
E
I
I
E
R
R
#I
+, R6,o ;%NS!  9
u#
x
xx$xx$
u !

&

&
Dx






−+−







++


ui  W ^#
x
x
$
&
+
+
_ 0<
D
x

S
$


?4

$
xx$
&
=−+


H-u#
=



x

$

u !


$
Dx

&
$
Dx
x
$
u !



#
x
C$CA$A
u !
$&&
$

Dx



++++−

>6$#
x
x
$
&
+
+
$S<u#&
x
$xx$
u !
&
Dx
−++

#&Au ;nC







 

+, RNS!  9












3
1x
x1
2
x1
3
Lim

=>^x#
T
O0Jn  902635$)&
+, bNS!  9










−+

1x
21x
Lim
3
1x

+, TNS!  9








−−+

x
x81x2
Lim
3
0x

=>N/,&  9NY#

(
)
3
x8211x2 −−+−+









−−+

x
x81x2
Lim
3
0x
#'#$I)$&
1 2304

1
x
xsin
lim
0x
=



+, QNS!/  9
%
3
0x
x
x2sinxsin2
lim


a 3%
3
0x
x
xsintgx
lim


a %u#
xtg2
xcos1
lim
2
0x



=>%NY#& xA$6xC/,!&*Y1y_@W4;
3%NY#? xA$6xC)6x/,!&*Y1y_@W4;
%N<u#

xtg2
2

sin2
lim
xtg2
xcos1
lim
2
2
0x
2
0x →→
=

#
2
2
0x
x
tgx
2

2

sin
lim
4
1




















#$)R
+, -NS!/  9
$C
x
2

x2sin
lim
2

x



a&C
nxsin
mxsin
lim
x →
M0*!%,/;1JK
4 




NS!/  9




$C






−+
+∞→
x1xlim
3
3
x

#'#D

&C






−+
+∞→
x1xlim
4
4
x
#'#DaIC






−−−−
+∞→
3x4x41x2lim
2
x

RC







−−+
+∞→
x2xx3xlim
2
3
23
x


No GF;!3<






−−−−+
xx2xxx3x
2
3
3

?0<o G ;n0Jn_@W&
bC







−++
+∞→
xxxxlim
x

=>_ * ;n<






−++
+∞→
xxxxlim
x
#
xxxx
xx
lim
x
+++
+
+∞→
#

1
x
xx
1
x
x
1
lim
x
+
+
+
+
+∞→

#'#$)&





























 

=,!zAxC ;y9 x
D

>
z



)x(f)x(flim
0
xx
0
=



 =,!zAxC ;y4/ 9 x
D

>
z



)x(f)x(flim
0
xx
0
=



 =,!zAxC ;yW 9 x
D

>
z



)x(f)x(flim
0
xx
0
=

+


5 6 78&))!9) %%: 8;

6,!





=

=
DxD
Dx
x
$
 x
CxAz
&

.FO ;y8,!9 x
D
#D
=>?Y1y;_sx
&


 $)x




?4,! ;y9 x
D


6,!





=

=
Dx&
Dx
x
x& 
CxAz

.FO ;y8,!9 x
D
#&
=>.F  94/ %WZ9 x
D
#&',!026_ ;y9 x
D
#&


6,!zAxCx/0J





=−


=
$x
$x
$x
x 
CxAz

] t,!126 ;y4;6,4y
=>] ,!026 ;y9 x#$40 W ! 
$x
Cx A
 !
$x
x
 
 ! !
$x$x$x


=


=
→→→
#
Cx$A
C{x$A |
 !
$x







#


*
.FO ;y8,!4;t






>−
=
$x
&

x
6
$x $x
CxAz

] "350h
H 9 ,!0261J 19







−<−
≤≤−
>−
=
$xx$
$x$
&
x
6
$x$x
CxAz



$



$

$

&







+
6,!x/0J
x
xII
 !CxAz
&I
$

−+−
=


[W6/O ;y8,!,! "350h
(Ct}4,,!026_ ;y9 x#$












!! 

 !"#$%&'()
 !"#$%&'() !"#$%&'()
 !"#$%&'()



! 45JK4Sx
I
IxE$#D<I G!*3 G
=>.FzA&C%zA$C
zA&C%zA$C
,Y1yO ;y8,!0264;t
+, &
6%3%V! 45JK4S< G!





















$

$





















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