Một vài kinh nghiệm sử dụng công nghệ thông tin vào giảng dạy môn sinh học THCS có hiệu quả




MỘT VÀI KINH NGHIỆM SỬ DỤNG CNTT VÀO
GIẢNG DẠY SINH HỌC CÓ HIỆU QUẢ
Người viết đề tài
Địa chỉ

I- PHẦN MỞ DẦU
I.1. Lý do chọn đề tài:
I.1.1. Cơ sở lý luận:
 !""# !$%&'()##*+,- / 0%123-4-456789
:9;+$%&'-4+5(3-4-4+5(0)<+5-=.+0)=>#-?;12-@-4#)#A
BC#D#E9#*8-0-=?F-4#+-G8-"=H+I+)-2#*?F-4(J+=20#.0-8-
-@-40--4?F+G%0=K-4;+#3-4+-<&)-4#.06
3-4-45#3-4#+-BL#=:9=?M&NOD-4P0%Q120-RS<&%9=T
BL#=:9=?M(UB+-*K-4*V+#*8-#02-#4+;+6)4+)01+8-$%-+W9#*?F-4
$%)-?;T-W-4+)0OD#+8-#+-#XGY9=V&NOD-4-@-4A--4$%3-4
-45#3-4#+-120#*0-44+J-4O.Z6
[0&'()##*+,--?1\BV0$% 0%3-4-45#])+;+3-%Z
&/-%-T-4#*P#2-)+\)+G.E9$%-42Z%+6,#'+5--+51D
O.Z#]-2#*?F-4(J+G93-=U+;+1W#?O9ZG^-(?_-4()(O.Z=,
)`T#,#+(#9B2+K#)#'-+8-12-a-2-46
*0-4=C-?;-41W(?_-4()(12#+#BCO.Z+-BEb<
&)(Y-B%-;+<cK[d*e
f:-gYZO'-4-@-4B-4]-<=h%[<(:-W)Z1+#i-#.0#9E-GM+
04+)01+8-4+J-4O.Z-@-4>9#*j<k9)#*]-&l-4P>(#B20<(Y-#N12)
>(#*8-_#,m6
Trích:SGV SH Ban KHXH&NV Bộ sách thứ nhất-NXBGD-2003.
f+-G2 0%#'-4+5<(?_-4()(O.Z4L-BTn#/1;+
#+#BCO.Z<O0=TO.Z+- 3-4#,#+9)(?_-4#+5-#*'k9%--?

3]-<#*%-1/<^91E#<(+J-666f6
Trích: SGV SH BanKH TN Bộ sách thứ hai-NXBGD-2003.
?1EZ<K##*0-4-@-4?;-4=,=U+;+(?_-4()(O.Z=TG2#-4
?F-41+5&NOD-4)(?_-4#+5-O.Z+5-=.+6
I.1.2. Cơ sở thực tiễn:
"9>#()##X#]-]-#'#=>#-?;=%-4#*8-=2()##*+,- 0%
3-4-4512 o#9E#9l-3-4-4+5(T%12+5-=.+T%=>#-?;#] 3-4
#,#+91+5-%-T-4#+(#9-@-4#2-#'9 0%3-4-45+5-=.+
$%#4+;+6
p)#*?F-4-T+9-412#*?F-4+8-qV-4-_++5-#3+
=%-43-4#)-T+*+8-4=V12=%-4#X-4B?;=?M#-4?F-4#*%-4BC_&P1E#
># o#9E#0)(H-41;+&'#*M4+j($%3-4-45#3-4#+-6cP+1EZ<
1+5#+# )B2+4+J-41;+&'#*M4+j($%3-4-45#3-4#+--r-Y-4%0
+59k9JO.Z=%-4=?M*>#-+W94+)01+8-k9%-#Y6
c8- 1+5&NOD-4)#+#BCO.Z<1+5 %+#)12A-4OD-4)
(?_-4#+5-O.Z+5-=.+#*0-4O.Z12G.+2-4:-#+#_-1]-T4+j(0
4+)01+8-#+-4:-#;+(?_-4()(O.Z#+8-#+-#*8-#4+;+6c8- &'#%Z
=U+;+$%&)4+)0 0%<(?_-4()(O.Z<#+#BCO.Z4+j(0
&+-=?M*s-G9Z5-<()##*+,-#?O9Z<#?_-4G%+=?M*s-G9Z5-#2-0--4?F+
--4=K-4t&)-4#.0<()##*+,-#02-O+5-12=)(A-4=?MZ89:9-42Z2-4()#
#*+,-$%gVK+6
I.2. Mục đích nghiên cứu
Y-4%0(?_-4()(4+J-4O.Z04+)01+8-<#X=T-Y-4%0>#G?M-4
O.Z126
.0_&P01+54+)01+8-1E-OD-4120#X-4B2+4+J-4O.Z12
#E(BK3-&+-=.# #k9J%06
b)#9Z=?M#i-#'4+)<#i'12#'G'<#i-$=K-4&)-4#.06
&+-#'#] +-#AO?;+&'#UA12d=.0$%4+)01+8-< +-#A#9=?M
&/#*P#2-#2+&J-$%)`6
I.3. Thời gian - Địa điểm:

I.3.1. Thời gian:
(OD-4#*0-4k9)#*]-4+J-4O.Z&+- l+uv-w6
I.3.2. Địa điểm:
*?F-4+8-qV-46
I.3.3. Phạm vi đề tài:
6x6x6R6+;+ =l+#?M-4-4+8-A9K#12+ +--4+5&NOD-4120
#*0-44+J-4O.Z&+-T+59k9J6
6x6x66+;+ 1W=C%B2--4+8-A9*?F-4+8-qV-4+8-78-
y9J-4+-6
6x6x6x6+;+ 1W )#, J0&)#&+-G;(u6
I.4. Phương pháp nghiên cứu:
<-4+8-A9#2+G+593-41-<#2+G+59b0z`*b0+-#6
b?_-4()(=+W9#*%6
b?_-4()(k9%-&)#6
b?_-4()(-4+8-A9(Y-#i#U-4M(6
b?_-4()(#l-4 86161666
I.5. Đóng góp mới về mặt lý luận, thực tiễn:
[0BJ-#Y-k9%-&)#< J0&)##X=T*j#*%1>-=W-4+8-A96
II- PHẦN NỘI DUNG
II.1. Chương 1U-4k9%-
II.1.1. Lịch sử vấn đề nghiên cứu:
VT-@-4&)-4 +- +--4+5-4+8-A91W1>-=W-2Z-?&)-4 +-
+--4+5$%={-4iq8C+)-P#*?F-4b9Z8-b%-cK+
Y9&0-4={-4i-4+8-A91;+?_-4#*]-&+-BE(U#3-46i-1]
##3+=V1E-OD-4-@-41>-=W={-4i=V-4+8-A9120?_-4#*]-&+-
BE=,BU&9-4#8-@-41>-=W2={-4i?%=WE(#;+=,T
)+-]-#U-4k9)#_-<=:Z=$_-1W1+5A-4OD-4120#*0-44+J-4O.Z
&+-6
II.1.2. Cơ sở lý luận:
*0-41+5=U+;+(?_-4()(4+J-4O.Z<#]&' %+#)#*+5#=,&NOD-4

)#+#BCO.Z#*0-4-2#*?F-4G2=+W913|-4:-#+#<4+j(04+)01+8-
#'&'G2-4?F+#UA<?;-4O^-0&+-0.#=K-4#E(6
c8- 1+5&NOD-4)#+#BCO.Z<1+5 %+#)12A-4OD-4)
(?_-4#+5-O.Z+5-=.+#*0-4O.Z12G.+2-4:-#+#_-1]-T4+j(0
4+)01+8-#+-4:-#;+(?_-4()(O.Z#+8-#+-#*8-#4+;+6i-1]#-8-
4+)01+8-#*0-4#Uj-4#3+=V
 '#]#2+G+59=,#'#+-<12#'1W1+5&0 4+J-4Br-4
b0z`*b0+-#6
- ['4+F4+)01+8-O.ZBr-4b0z`*b0+-#<I+*j# +--4+5#X={-4-4+5(6
]#H+#*8- 4-#`*-`#<O0zG0%O]-J-<(+1W)Z1+#i-)-Y-6
- 0 4+J-4K#&l#+#O.Z#N12$Z9G2O.ZK+4+J-4#*?F-46
- % J0} +-=T-44T(#X={-4-4+5(#*0-4#U=,*j# +--4+501+5
&0 12O.ZG:-&%96
II.2. Chương II: K+O9-41>-=W-4+8-A9
II.2.1. Thực trạng của vấn đề đang nghiên cứu:
1. Thuận lợi:
'#* 41Wn##i'$%)1>-=WTG+8-k9%-=-=W#2+
+FO.Z&NOD-44+)0)-=+5-#N#'&'%-4G.++59k9J%0#*0-41+5
#*9ZW-O.# +-#A0&+-1]&+-TA-4#j12#+(#9B2+*>#
-%-6+O.ZO|-4)Z+9k9%=:9+j(&+-#>Z=?M&'()##*+,-
G34+$%#X-4=_-1C +-#A:-#+(#9<O0=T&+-+,9B2+&Y9_-<T o
--412=?M*s-G9Z5--+W91W o--4#'2-6&+-&%Z8<A-4#j
_-1;+4+F6q?M-4 +-#A=?M&+-#+(#9K#)#'-+8--a
-2-412O~-2-4_-6&+-+,912-; +-#A-4%Z#*8-G;(6
NOD-4(:-Wb0z`*b0+-#=YZG2K#(:-WO|-4&0 4+J-4
4+)0)-=+5-#N*>##+5-GM+6NOD-4(:-W-2ZT*>#-+W9#9E-GM+=l+1;+
4+)01+8-12&+-6
•+)01+8-O~O2-49-4>( +-#A#`0}B2+&0 $%]-<$=K-4
G2$ +-#A6T#,#.0+59A-44+j(&+--E-B+#*e(:- +-#A
:-=nB+5#k9%-#Y6c8- =T<4+)01+8-H-T#,#.0*%)+59A-44+j(

#9j#=?M&'j}12&%Z8#E($%&+-6
•&+-&+-T#,1X%()#B+,91X%=?M#*'#+(k9%-&)#]-
J-+-0.#*8-2-]-1;+)29&L(0-4(j<=a(<-F=T&+-&/
-LL +-#A12&%Z8#E(_-6&+-&/-; +-#AGY9_-6
)Z9#l$k9%-TJ-?P-4#i'=-)1>-=WG+8-k9%-=-=W#2+
Tj-4#3+=?M-2#*?F-4#.0=+W9 +5-01+5O.ZBr-44+)0)-
=+5-#N<N4+)01+8-=+G;(B{+O?€-49Z8-=W&0 4+)0)-=+5-#NA-4OD-4
#*0-4#+#O.Z6
Tj-4#3+=V=?M#% J0K#&lB2+&0 Br-44+)0)-=+5-#N
$%)4+)01+8-#*0-4#*?F-4<=?MI+#8*>#-+W9PB Bs=VB+#&N
OD-4?_-4#*]--2Z12-F4+j(=€6
Tj-4G93-I+-@-4={-4-4+5(T +--4+5#*0-41+5
O.Z=,#]*%(?_-4)-&0 B2+%Z->#6
2. Khó khăn:
'#* 41Wn##+89'$%)1>-=WG+8-k9%-=-=W#2+
•+5#] +)]-1/<(+J-(D1D01+5&0 4+)0)-H-
-+W9 T -$Z9O04+)01+8-#'&?9#:12H--+W9 6
*?F-4T #-l+ 4+-#`*-`#-?-4?%T=+W9 +5-=,4+)01+8-T
#,#*'#+(G8- 46
)Z9#l$k9%-TJ-?P-4#+89'=-)1>-=WG+8-k9%-=-=W#2+
H--+W94+)01+8-#*0-4#*?F-4?%=?MO'G;(#+-12G;(#E(9>-
04+)01+8-1W&0 124+J-4O.ZBr-44+)0)-=+5-#N-8-#'#]#H+I+
#XB Bs<={-4-4+5(<#X=h%O.Z#'b0z`*b0+-#G2$Z9-8-H--+W9
6
)Z9#l )k9%-TJ-?P-4#+89'=-)1>-=WG+8-k9%-=-=W#2+
_&P1E#>#-2#*?F-4H-*>#-+W9 T --?(H-4H-#+9
?%T(H-49Z8-0)Z+9*+8-4-8-1+5&NOD-4O.ZBr-4)Z1+
#i-*># T -6[0=T4+)01+8-?%#%0#)-+W9#*8-#'#4+J-4O.Z6
II.2.2. Đánh giá thực trạng:
]-9-4)#+#O.Z&+-TA-4OD-4+5--%ZH-%-4

#i->#]-#A0nk9)G.OD-4O^-=- #k9J$%#+#?%%06+W9
=T(D#9K120*>#-+W9-49Z8--Y-$k9%-12 )k9%-&0-4TG/-49Z8-
-Y-i-P=YZG24+)01+8-?%T=:Z=$-@-4=+W9 +5-:-#+#=,#+(E-
1;+(?_-4()(O.Z+5-=.+<?%T +--4+5 %+#)120
4+J-4O.ZT+59k9J6
II.3. Chương III)B+5-()(A-4OD-41204+J-4O.ZO+-T+59
k9J6
II.3.1. Đề xuất các biện pháp:
R6"YZO'-4#?G+59
%+#)#3-4#+-#*%-J-#X 4+-#`*-`#6
%+#)#*%-J-#X&)<#2+G+59<B)0i<#.(i<666
%+#)#XB-4]-<(+1+O`0<)(:-W<#*%-J-<BJ-={<]-1/<666
#3-4k9%A--49-4>(#3-4#+-$%)Z#i-6
6"YZO'-4B2+4+J-4=+5-#N
")=C-*eD#+89B2+O.Z6
")=C- +-#A_BJ-<-K+O9-4#*-4#Y6
q'%-#?G+59<#*%-J-<(+<#3-4#+-:-#+#(D1DB2+O.Z6
q'%-)(:-W#*]-O+~-<+59A-4<666=,gYZO'-4#+-#*]-O.Z
#3-4k9%0.#=K-4D#,6
.Z#N<&N%@%1202-#+5-B2+4+J-46
x6%O 4T%)(?_-4()(O.Z
c8- A-4OD-4=?M0+G2(?_-4()(+5-=.+<#l+?94T((:-#i
'0=U+;+(?_-4()(O.Z<4+)01+8-:-j}=%O 4T%)]-
#AO.Z<(J+B+# #M(1;+)(?_-4()(O.Z )-?-891>-=W<
(?_-4()(=2#0.+<#9Z##*]-<G21+5#`0-T<?;-4O^-&+-#'
<#'-4+8-A96
‚6?;-4O^-&+-A-4OD-4(D1D#E(
+)01+8-T#,9-4>(0&+-=C%dK#&l#*%-4z`B12Z89:9)
`#] +#3-4#+-P 4+-#`*-`#=,(D1D3-41+5#E(#`0#X-4$
=W->#=C-6

S6K#12+G?9}
+)01+8-G2-4?F+?;-4O^-&+-#E(A 3-4=_-4+J-dG2-4?F+
()#=K-4<9-4>(#3-4#+-6[01EZ<4+)01+8-(J+B+#=)-4+)12G'%-
#3-4#+-<]-J-<=0 (+(D1DB2+O.ZT#i-#+##'<G2*e-K+O9-4
B2+O.Z<#*)-#%G%<-{+-ƒ#)G0.+#3-4#+-<(+<J- 3-4(|M(G2
4+J+59k9JB2+O.Z6
*0-4k9)#*]-4+J-4O.Z<4+)01+8-:-G?9}=- J--4#+(#9<Gh-K+#*+
#A< J--44+ƒ(B2+$%&+-=,T?;-4=+W9d- C(#F+6
+&0 4+)0)-=+5-#N<4+)01+8-:-G?9} +O|-4+59A-4<Y#%-<#+-4
=K-4(J+(|M(< 3-4G.OD-46+)0)-=+5-#N:-(J+=?M#+# K#
) 0%<=,k9%#X-4&G+O`+#+#<&+-(J+-E-B+#=?M-@-4-K+
O9--20G2-K+O9-4i-:-4+ƒ(<-K+O9-4-20G2(:-O+~-4+J+$%4+)0
1+8-<666
*0-44+)0)-=+5-#N1+5O|-429@<(3-4@<€@1229(3-4-W-
G2=+W9:-G?9}63-4-8-k9)G.OD-4<g`G2=K#3-<G2O9Z
->#6
II.3.2. Kết quả thực nghiệm:
K#&l4+FO.Z&NOD-44+)0)-=+5-#N12(?_-4#+5-O.Z+5-=.+
#*0-44+J-4O.Z<#'&'4+j(0&+-A-4#j#*0-4#E(6+j(&+-
+,9B2+&Y9&L_-12()##*+,-#?O9Z<*s- o--4#'2-6
+W9-2Z&/ iG5&+-#%4+%#i'_-#*0-40.#=K-4#E(
124+j(&+-#'=+W9d-)$%]-6
&+-#%4+%#i'<$=K-4gYZO'-4B2+()##*+,-#?O9Z
0%<=)-4+)=?M #k9J#E($%&+-6
II.3.3. Bài học kinh nghiệm:
cJ-#Y-#3+-E-#>Z1+5#'<#'-4+8-A9=, 3-4-4X-4#*%9O{+
1W +-#A<1W(?_-4()(4+J-4O.Z<1W J--4)(OD-4)(?_-4#+5-+5-
=.+#*0-44+J-4O.ZG21+5G213|-4:-#+#<4+j(&+-+,9B2+&Y9&L12
&+-A-4#j<#i<%129l-6T-?1EZ;+=)(A-4=?M
GH-4#+-Z89$%&+-12Z89:9$%gVK+<->#G2#*0-4#F+B9U+3-4-45

#3-4#+--?+5--%Z6
c8- 1+5#'<#'-4+8-A9=,-Y-4%0+,9B+#0BJ-#Y-„+
4+)01+8-#]1+5I+#8k9%1+5O'4+F={-4-4+5(<k9%1+5GL-4-4`}
+-*j# +--4+5$%={-4-4+5(12c%-4+)+59#*0-4#X-44+FO.Z\-4G2
B2+134+)=l+1;+BJ-#Y-4+)01+8-6
9l+|-4<=,B+#K#B2+4+J-4=V=.#=?M=-A=K-20<VZ-F={-4
-4+5(<)-BK9Z8-3--E-gƒ#<4T(}6VZk9%-&)##)+=K12A=K
#E($%&+-6VZGL-4-4`<VZJ-E-12*j# +--4+50B2+&%96
*8-=YZG2K#&l +--4+5$%#3+#*0-4&'&%Z8#] +<)(OD-4
(?_-4#+5-O.Z+5-=.+1204+J-4O.Z<1]# 3-4#*)- I+-@-4#+9
&T#63+*>#0-4=?M&'4+j(=€$%)={-4i#*0-4c%-4+)+59-2
#*?F-412B Bs={-4-4+5(=,4+j(#3+#+-BK_-6
3+Z1-4*r-41;+K#12+?;-4O^-1WK#&l#%0#)#*8-T#,4+j(
=?MK#&l4+)01+8-?%B+#1Wb0z`*(0+-#T#,#'+5-=?M6
III- KẾTLUẬN - KIẾN NGHỊ
III.1. Kết luận:
y9%u-3-4#)4+J-4O.Z&+-1;+-O.Z&+-u#*0-4-2
#*?F-412-=:9#+8-A-4OD-4120#*0-44+J-4O.Z3-&+-#3+-E-
#>Z
•+5O.Z0&+- 3-4(J+G2l-{+-ƒ#0K#; +-
#A<#9Z*r-4 +-#AG2:-#+#2=+W9$Z9G24+)0OD&+-T
(?_-4()(&9Z-4h<(?_-4()(&9ZG9E-<(?_-4()(O+~-#J<(?_-4()(
-4+8-A9=KGE(6,G2=?M=+W9=T-4?F+4+)01+8-=nB+5#G2-4?F+4+)0
1+8-&+-(J+=?M-4+8-A9#]+,9=,T(?_-4()(O.Z#l#->#(|
M(1;+D#+89$%k9)#*]-=20#.0#`0#+-#:-=U+;+4+)0OD(U#3-46
[0=T<#3+ (ƒ(=?%*%K#12+} +--I$%]-4T((:-1201+5
=U+;+(?_-4()(#*0-4O.Z2=nB+5#G21+5#+(E-1;+(?_-4()(
O.Z+5-=.+6F+4+%-#3+3-4#)?%-+W9=nB+5#1;+(.1+?_-4
#*]-&+-u< +--4+54+J-4O.Z(:--20H- < o--4gNG}
H-(:--20?%#9:-#D i-0-4B%-4+) J04T(}4+j(#3+#'

+5-=W#2+-2Z\-4-?1+54+J-4O.Z&+--T+9-412&+-u-T+*+8-4
=?M#l#_-6
Tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn!
III.2 Kiến nghị:
j-4#3+g+-=Wg9>#1;+)>(GV-=.01W1+5=20#.004+)01+8-
3-#+-#*0-4#F+B9U+-42Z-%ZG2K#1+5G2#&A:-#+#12>(B)<
#.0=+W9 +5-4+j(4+)01+8-T#,#+(E-1;+#F+B9U+ 0%3-4-456
„+4+)01+8-(J+#'#*%9O{+<I+=,-Y-4%0#*]-=K9Z8-3-
$%]-<=,T#,&NOD-4#l#)#%0#)#*8-)Z1+#i-6
)>()-42- C(#F+„#*M#2+G+59<(+J-<)ZT=,4+)01+8-
T#,O~O2-4#9#E(#3-4#+-=,G8-#+#O.Z6
„+#*?F-4-8-#*%-4BC#8(H-4)Z(D1D3-4#)4+J-4O.Z#`0
=, +4+)01+8-G8-#+##l#_-6
•b…[†‡ˆq‰†Š‹b‡q‡6
vc2+4+J-4+-%w