quy hoạch mạng lưới sửa chữa bảo dưỡng toa xe trong tương lai

§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
PhÇn më ®Çu
i. ®Æt vÊn ®Ò

 !"#$%&'(#") *) $
#+#,-.*&'(/"")0#%#+#
,+-.01'-.2+11'3(
45161 7-##!68!*
"$#9497!"#%$:1";)<# 
=>?&"%@2A&8B2#")*
(
;)C-DEEE;7-8"FG5H$
#
="-H'-HI6J 
CA(C#K"#"-KL )2%
##)MC)$"HHNJN)
#J3"8$2O(P I 4-M8B%#)
C''8DEEEQ (;RK."#"%#
 $#KST-#' $#
KS?2 $U%% (…
=$%"F#0"0"8L*;V",B"
'GG-'?3'T"# #M2%"H#B$-2K
-8-9497
9,'! $-G*&'8!6-'*;V7
-(;$*FAL+K'IK'F"#$()
 L-L8':+KJW0?-5#%B"8X$
L.%)"2JH%1L:+
0?S-NM'%CY*(
D( néi dung chÝnh c«ng viÖc
9#FAF%Z"HH B"NKMI%"[
%!T422-J? (<5MFAB:JH8LU

"#"52-5M0N J-'(
9#FA G-L8'F%Z"HH-HI
 $*MJ!#S-0N J -1*U
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[

§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
FA",B"' I)UL(0@HG#FA
--2$B-M8I%+#FA'(/+#F
AF%Z#FAF%Z&8",B"J
' L(;88XJJ`.%%C(<R%#
$+'3"FFAF%Z'-
. L(<5MFA0N J!2-A58L",B"' I)"
AKaN 8"ZI-(=%8LFAF%ZL+$-
-)"(
 = I20@.-5-R-L8'#-# 0Z"L
++KJA0?* bC8!&8'
-HG#Z2)-'0?)%1#%$(9&8B
"-21#8X&8B"-:+!! 
28ốcK5(/JU0?đểửữ
%@JJ"# B58!YI"R
1-UKI3(
7GI0N J! L-5-L8'F%Z 0N 
J! L-5-L8'-# L2:+KJA0?*
7-+C-DEEEDEDE8-5 I)&"
%1+M'-M' I)"#$%05
d!I#FAF%ZLBG'MM)
&8'(e L-L8'I"0N J!-B# I
)T
("- I)-'2:+#"F0?2-# -
K3 IJ,0&B#K5""H%2"H,"HH 

:+0?C-2'&"0?"H,0?'
%!(
D(\",B"' I)2F6-'*'*
I(;8Z!*%L#%J2F3
8* (
[(\",B"'Z#B"8X*#8%%fL$-
 %$IFA"JHM#FA&
-# -K3A#FA0&F%Z (
_(\JHB%C8IJ8I%'#FAF%ZY
A%!(
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
D
Đồ án tốt nghiệp gvhd : pgs.ts vũ duy lộc
;B!"WG*) #Tpgs.ts vũ duy lộc ,#
) 1#K5-12'68!*KN2)-82M%I#
%0&*?-Mc#*-G(
Nội dung đồ án bao gồm 4 chơng
Chơng I: Tổng quan về ngành đờng sắt việt nam.
Chơng II: Xác định số lợng toa xe khách,hàng cần thiết phục vụ vận
chuyển hàng hoá và hành khách.
Chơng III: Xác định khối lợng bảo dỡng, sửa chữa toa xe tại các nhà
máy,xí nghiệp.
Chơng IV: Quy hoạch mạng lới sửa chữa bảo dỡng toa xe trong tơng lai.
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
[
Đồ án tốt nghiệp gvhd : pgs.ts vũ duy lộc
chơng I
Tổng quan về ngành vận tải đờng sắt Việt Nam
1.1 Tổng quan về mạng lới đờng sắt Việt Nam.
1.1.1. Sơ lợc về lịch sử phát triển

(d'\#"5
;7-B!JN\#"%A10N J!UC-gg(
= )I8V/h<f=.J8iE%-B
C-ggj(C-kED P5h]LVFB%#(C-
kElI-D +8P5h]9P5hP
\(;C-k[l!JN\#"0N J!-L8'%6m"
EEE '6.J8DiEj%-(
=UC-kliJ'Z$7-50N J!
]>#h^@"h49# ?%6I_[j '.J[l%-
cLI-D P5h]LVFP5he#9.
8c%6EEE _[j (
=+C-kl_hki_-L8'7-K3
"#R.(V%-.-"%1"H8L
M&P5h=\Pc9Z<'6.Ji[E%-(
=G0N J!-L8'7-$-?G!
T
h= V/h<f=TiE%-(
^A1#Qgg(
P[EQEQggD(
;%#DEQiQggj(
P %1+F8nB0N J!8L(
h= P5h]LVF
9.J Tli%-(
^A1 TjQgkE
P TgQ_QkED
h= P5hP\
9.J TEj%-(
^A1 TkE
P TlQlQkED
h= P5h]9

\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
_
§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
9.J TDki%-(
^A1 TkE
P TQDQkEl
h= P5h=\Pc9Z<
9.J TilD%-(
^A1kEELP5B0N J!?ULM-L
 DQEQk[l(
;c0N J!I-# #(
h= =#"9-h;]L
9.J Tg_%-(
P TDQk[l(
;N 8 C[    %1+
F8nB0N J!8L(
h= V/h]5
9.J T_E%-(
P Tk[[(
P   %1cL+F8B%1"H
0N J!8L(
 #EQk[l867-0N J!0-L
8'%6EEE-'6.JDi[E%-(
K(V%KG8"8LA-.4kj_(
h= ;1oh=# I
9.J Tij%-(
P T[EQgQklE(
h= 8/p"M]qh\-P
9.J T_%-(
;N 8M]'-ao"]9(

h= 9)/#hr;T
9.JT[D2j%-h1"%#s&.%6h
EEE (
h= ^@"h]>#Tdj_2i%-%6_[j
h= ^@"ht14ZTdE%-%6_[j
h= uI7Ih;c;CT;8cJjl%-%6EEE 
_[j (
h= uI7Ih]>#Tig2j%-8c(
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
j
§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
h= e#=.hPcT%#L-aPc(
h= ]LVFhdFT"HH#G%#dF(
I.1.2. S¬ ®å tæng thÓ m¹ng líi ®êng s¾t ViÖt Nam .
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
l
;(;C
](VF
;(<a
^@"
t14Z
e(9.
]v>#
P\
]9
\(P
uI4#
=I^I
;(o
uI7I

7C;$
hµ néi
-;3
4w-VF
=P#
9)/#
-;
7
\=L
;cP'
;1P
P
]C91
^-]I
=^I
;Y
dI=G
= P
=
=#"9-
<vF<#
V=)
V/
^6v-
;v8c-2_[j
^6v2_[j-
§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
1.1.3. Sè lîng toa xe hiÖn cã ®Ó sö dông ®Ó vËn chuyÓn hµng ho¸,hµnh kh¸ch
7'j[kE 0?glE0?%#2_j[E0?(=
+C-21#8X%#0?.M2.FK

#"B) IA#%#(
  2,'!"#$%@&'()x8L*JN
CU6w+)L "L-%!'.
J)L J K-"HH)J8L*NJN[-.bC
ytyn-(M'#G%z 0&%C81:
-.(d)IJ,FxG#UFxG8LJ
H)x1bn-B8"(
=0%"@""F $L
2"@"#J"8!
]-58L"FA8'2.%-.
-R%"Z8R*xKS(  'm5
"%%!G $#:'-
M -A5(^M8B# C
7'M8B0?%#w*"HH%## 
(7# 8$2 w0 IJ{GL#x%1
0?J!"(>' %#x) .J"HHM
Z*G +C-'"x-'K60+
0?&8B"HH $(;c8XK'M0?
8L#b
=0?!M8B8' :JHG%M8h
B $2")8'w"M-R* 2
R2-J3 IM0?JHbwL… 0?/2P20?<(
=0?J,.6B# $##8LIM
5)%1(;N b8B$-2N .%%C1#
8X2:+6%#(
sè lîng toa xe toµn ngµnh
K
9*8L0? VM8B0?

/

Toa xe kh¸ch khæ
1.000m
852
>?* o
n
125
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
i
§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
>? *4
n
165
0?c o
142
>?c4
300
>?cJ9
89
>?F-P9
55
Xe 8XP]
38
>?KH47
58
>?KH<|;==
2
Toa xe kh¸ch khæ
1.435 m
8
>?c4

r
2
X?cJ9
r
5
>?8X^]
r
1
Toa xe hµng khæ
1.000 m
3987
>?-/ j_
>?P
1336
>?&"
333
>?-RKS<
180
Xe <F<
c
261
>?-R}<7=
20
>?0@
140
Xe 0@--\
m
46
>?A)0
139

>? IJ,
36
Toa xe hµng khæ
1435
543
>?- g
r
56
>? h
r
326
>?&" n
r
67
>?-RKS m
r
56
>?Fm
rc
27
>?@ p
r
1
>?A)xt
r
6
>? IJ,
cd
r
4

\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
g
Đồ án tốt nghiệp gvhd : pgs.ts vũ duy lộc
=60?

5390
I.1.4. Hệ thống đờng sắt và tình hình vận chuyển hàng hoá hiện nay
hP MZ *7-8DjD[%-
[l%-%6I_[j Djl%-8cp_[j
EEE q8L8%6EEE (
hPM7-# ZT
~P5h]9TdDki%-%6EEE (
~P5hP\TdEj%-%6EEE (
~P5h=# ITdgg%-8cEEE _[j (
~P5h]LVFTdli%-8cEEE _[j (
~uI7Ih^@"h49# Td[l%-%6_[j (
~P5h=\Pc9Z<Tdi[E%-%6EEE (
h;RFK*7-8F* :JHJ
8L\_['.J-1 8D2j-(
h=GG $#2%# T
h9,'#8LG%#K52%12
+C-)N $-5%M8B8'
#%##"B)8L"NK6##,
-.%%'(
^M8B $ CC-FC-'H$T
=?M%I%M8B%##C-UDEEDEEl*
(=%#(
Bảng chỉ tiêu về vận tải hàng hoá đạt đợc trong những năm gần đây
Bảng 2F3TE
3

F
3TE
3
C-
P# P%#
=& =&(%- P%# P%#(%-
DEED lk__ DD[gi[ EigD [lkiD[
DEE[ i_[E DjE_[ik D[E [ggkkDE
DEE_ g_jk DjgkkE D[lD [kl[ijj
DEEj kEDE DggEEEE _l[ [kkiiE
DEEl k_jk [El_[DE jli _Ejik_
h9#wI.%##.C2wIP^(^-2
=(^-.C2a1#:+2KJW-'0?C-
"HH1#(
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
k
Đồ án tốt nghiệp gvhd : pgs.ts vũ duy lộc
hP I# [DgL-KJW:+
,'8#-# 20Z"J KJW:+-'
0?(
9.J-M05KGDjEh[jE-N A
8"8'(
hPM-# 0Z"#L-KJW2:+"HH1#
L .LK&"!M&(9#K3"HH
1#KJW:+R".%%CcK5R".%
%C1#:+(
1.1.4. Mạng lới đờng sắt trong tơng lai và nhu cầu vận chuyển.
hP ,'!"#$ *.%'
%!'7-U"=) $#
'%! 16##'#

,-.(
h=F8%10nM-L8'''-L8'
%!oVo* `8-L8'* 8h
%6m"EEE (\#$M51L"M8'
8P5="MPc9Z<(
h '%M8B $#%#CC-
FC-'&.R) 8M8B0?#"B
%M8B $)C",B"') $
(
hP ?M%I*8I"7-p 8=61
7-q!C-DEE['-L
7-kgE0?%##8LM0?J,B8glE0?
_(j[E0?#8L;")M0?:JHIDEC-T
~VM0?:JH'C-kiE8ig0?-[g2Di(
~VM0?:JH'C-kgE8[0?-l2k(
~VM0?:JH'C-kkE8kE0?-_2[(
~VM0?:JHUC-kkE8DDll0?-jE2_i(
h M8B0?:JH[EC-`--58
&8'6M0?(4IL,'!"#$%&
') $#8LKS"F -5
C(VM8B0?In%$#"B) $(uI)
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
E
§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
R8)-'K60+0?&8B$"HH1#
 $#-# 0Z"KJW:+0?(
h9#FAKJW%f0?IMh?#
"N8L0?0Z"JH0?B"NT
~>Z"JH0?%#RAF8"%#
 2/#"4#2V/(

~>Z"JH0?RAF8"2KM0"JW
#(
~>Z":+0?RAF0"JW :0?2FK3
0(
~ë' ?M8M%I*8I"7-
 8=691 ZC-DEElFjEEE0?#8LB
K0Z"8I"8X(
~>Z"8I"%!xRLN-P58X
F[EEE0?#8L(
~>Z"8I"%!xxRLN-;Y8X
)EEE0?#8L(
~>Z"8I"%!xxxRL=\Pc9Z<8X
FEEE0?#8L(
dM8B8X0?%18'IFAKJW:+0?
-Z&6B"p-50Z":+0?%#20?0?
 IJ,q%M8B:+KJW0?C-*-s0Z"
%18'(
9FAKJW%f:+0?"N#0Z"8I
"T
h>Z"8I"%!x8XT
~>Z"JH0?%#P5(
~>Z"JH0?P5(
~>Z":+0?P5(
~>Z":+0?7(
7-# L:+8T
~>Z"0?8:/]N-(
~-# 0?P\(
h>Z"8I"%!xx8XT
~>Z"0?;C(
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[


Đồ án tốt nghiệp gvhd : pgs.ts vũ duy lộc
h>Z"8I"%!xxx8XT
~>Z"JH0?%#V/(
~>Z"JH0?V/(
~-# L0?do(
4IL8#L-%$-2KJW%fS-I# h
Z I8-1#KJW%$-:+%1
-0?(
I.2. Xu hớng phát triển của ngành đờng sắt và tổ chức bảo dỡng sửa chữa toa
xe
1.2.1. Phân loại toa xe theo quan điểm vận dụng
=?1JH#8L0?IB"N8LT
0?0?%#(
h=0?%#T
=0?8-T
~=0? $%#(
~=0?MJ!+(
=0?%18-T
~=0?:+R:+
~=0?%$-w8LL#L-
h=0?
=0?8-T=0? $#(
=0?%18-T
~=0?:+(
~=0?:+8-#"%f(
=0?J!+T=0?MJ!+(
1.2.2. Phơng hớng phát triển nghiệp vụ toa xe
hPM:+0??%LBJ!I-M
'C&"+8L0?&8BM2

"#$1?F8'c"#$
FA%f%f"HHK30?)
JH(
h=%L0?-':JH@"B"%-&"2B"8X#
GJ#N&8BK3)&--MK)J)68C2L
0?8'20?.H(
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
D
§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
h=JHC:JH IJ,20?!8
 $L#-#%#( nNLJH
U[h_8)-"Z2jhD8)(
h=0?%#L-'%&,0?38!K5"L h
BI#(=K3-5 ,0?BK3M
.%1%Z(
hP6:+0??%LIFA#"JH5
"F"#":+8"#"JN  .8"#"6# $2)
&--M6# $2K)J)HK#2)&-(
V:JH5"FF%Z#2!5##G0&26
N&8B:+(
+MJ5##G:+0?0Z"-
8LXr8'nB#"JH"L-M!5#
cK5.%$(
=8r!62KJW%fK30?
0"JW#G"#$L-F%Z#K3L"H
H#GK30?(
/L)"#$FA%f$:+ KJW%f
0?"H5%M8B1*L-5K30?(=I
L-BK3-# -:+0?#"FF%Z#2!5##
K'#G0&+K"#""HN&8B:

+&"+0?MJH(
=&+K"#"I"@"-%M8B1*+
L-KJW%fI8"2L--5")1#?
J}%f0?(91%1"H%C8-0?
+8):+B!IL-K3
0?0"JW#(
V:JH5I-L8'+"F!5#"#
a0?p"#aK)J)2% -R8C
K#0?q+K3:+!%KJW%f 
-m%M8B#G(
=6KJW:+0?:JH"F"#"#
%fMcK5%$-"-(
I.2.3. Tæ chøc b¶o dìng söa ch÷a toa xe ë trong vµ ngoµi níc.
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
[
Đồ án tốt nghiệp gvhd : pgs.ts vũ duy lộc
a. Nghiên cứu tổ chức nghiệp vụ ở Liên Xô và Mỹ T
9& .6-'+$-FKM.
K3%f5KJW"F6(+0?L-'A<f
KGkE2i&UHK##JH8I
LDk_2[%(
e0?KG I-%kj%-Q
I-(eL %1KS_(e
0?ZKGD (ở<f 3G:+"H5
%&L#%f0?T
hV:+aTh[C-(
hV:+8'T_hDEC-(
V:+0? %1?%L!IK8"
R:+ IJ,(
b. Trên đờng sắt Đức

=0?B:+%1w%"#a-!
%$-_RjC-(^$-%f:+M'+0?
58'!%1?%z-"H5M%-
L (
c. Trên đờng sắt Anh
PG:+ %1-0?%aB!
I#L-(
PG:+K&-0?%aB#0h
A:+(
V:+LAo!jC-2%$-%zDh[C-(
d. Trên đờng sắt Pháp
V:+L[C-20?-'LUlhgC-(
e. Trên đờng sắt Nhật Bản
V:+L0?%1-gC-2-DC-(
f. Trên đờng sắt Bungari
;L0?pV9q_hjC-(V:+LpV9]q&"K5jh
lC-(^$-KJW0? IJ,lhD_#(
I"H0?A'& #' 0N
J!#L-F%Z#8'$:+0?'%0"JW#(
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
_
§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
¸"JH#GF'#!5##G0&(¸"JH"h
FL$"#a0?(
=6KJW0?A7-#"JHT
hV:+L
hV:+I
hV:+-K&
I.3. Néi dung chÝnh c«ng t¸c söa ch÷a b¶o dìng toa xe ë níc ta
1.3.1. Néi dung chÝnh c«ng t¸c söa ch÷a ®ai tu toa xe (SCL)

hV:+8'0?8&":+J&-K5"*
0?%V9].B$K528-L0#3#-5
a2-!''L-"@"$ L
I%f 3(
hV9]0?S-%1"HL#%f*0?LI%f
)'%K)2%@J60?2-K'%M8B1
:+8)-KL (
hV9]0?"B!A-# 0Z") *FA
&2K3"HH1#V9]' 3*
K(
h^zL0?V9]Z? 3RM^-L 
*-s0?(
h=Z?V9]0?<20?0?EC-20?
PhP    i  C-  R  EjE(EEE%-
%10
0
−
+
2    0?  %#  8    j  C-  R
ijE(EEE%-
%10
0
−
+
1.3.2. Néi dung c«ng t¸c s÷a ch÷a ®¹i tu toa xe (SCL)
h^$-MM82%X2F38X0?2#:+8)
'(
h='%$0?"8- :&C-5L?
 3(
h=$#0?2}Lw8-LK.-R%-8L(

^$-UK5"0#3-5a-2aUK5
":+? GV9](
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
j
§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
h^ 68"H,"-K# I)8"H
,"",B"'%K).ZC%f"-K"-
&5K.L 2%##"F"H
H%#(
h;F3:+"Kn%f2 -Z#wB
"@" KS#8"H,ZCFF%B
8L"IJ (
h^$-T"%$-KS"F"#"IN-U
"#0#3L#(
h\:"#"8!$0#3L#&8BM%1K3w
*M'#K5"3#"8! #MZM
#2M M-)0?,*M-(
h9#8L-2M-0?":IK3:-
 IJ,? 3H$.:+#K5"-(
9#8L%#220""":5%Z#
JH-A(
^$-L##8L80I808#p#Z"q":
)M:58(
I.3.3. Néi dung c«ng t¸c SCN toa xe.
hV98&"KJW%f$J GZC%f0?-K
L L563*#K3"HH%#2
#(
h^zLV90?B 3T
=?M%-L TM'0?5"H6K8)V90?
L BjE(EE%-

%10
0
−
+
8U[j(EEEhjE(EEE%-GKV9R
g#(
=0?5"H6BUkE(EEEhEE(EE%-GKV9R
D#(
h;M'0?%#T
=0?L BjE(EEE%-
%10
0
−
+
8U[j(EEEhjE(EEE%-G
0Z"V9RD#(
;.%:+a'-R-5F'%zLT
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
l
Đồ án tốt nghiệp gvhd : pgs.ts vũ duy lộc
=B"V9'%zL%0?K3 a%1-K
L %1-K I) $#%#R%@J%z
LV9%0?*IL (
Nội dung chính công việc SCN toa xe.
h^$-M%X"MF38X0?#:+8)'
#1M%f%Z'KGI0?'M8
cF8X830?(
h='%:+0?"B8-Ln2%$-
-5a-*#K5":+(V9$%1
)"$K50?-w!M'-5MK5"

T
~/# $'(
~PM-pUc-2- q(
~PM-#M(
;M'0?e0?a0-C0?8#KSLw"KW
0?%!"00?$%$-(=0?,s"#HK5-5
M&-#$%$-#K5"T%:62050?2
0?"0'20?"ZKc:-R2Kc(
#K5" K3-M1R-H#"#$:+(
h+K5"2K5"* "B:+?
3H$R G:+I(
hV9%$-b"!KS"F"#"IN-:
$"#L#&8B#K5"a-5
H0?2K#0?!2# $2KI?08I%
#08I%(
]W-28W-2-# "#)-0?(
I.3.4. Kiểm tra bảo dỡng kỹ thuật toa xe
1.3.4.1. Tổ chức bảo dỡng kỹ thuật chỉnh bị toa xe khách
1. Đặc điểm:
4JW%fwK30?%#S--HZ-K
L '%C8'&L.%8'&%#I(
=K51wK30?%#I8" K
c-T%$-%f0?:L2:+K5"L -2)
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
i
§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
&-2K32&"'.%1%Z2  L"C (;c
K3#0?"HH(
2. Tæ chøc b¶o dìng, chØnh bÞ
91#%$-%f2KJWwK30?B6",B"'

.%K3%f*L-2G5 I-11NS-
-HZN&8BK3(
9#5wK3%#:+-K&KILM
&8%$-%f0?B8"(
e#G1:+wK30?IL-%$-%f#"
JHF%Z#!5#UK'#G%$-:+wK3
 (
;-KM1#K30?%#L-:+%f
Rn'L-%f-%%$--2"HH%f0h
A:+2-# @252"HH2%#K3
K5"J!+(
;M':+&-K&0?%#!AL-F%Z#
I)"K3#% NL0?(VN[E&)H
# IJ,J!+HK#K5"%#(=IK:+wK3
0?"-# :M3$:KI0?2MJ`'5
&@"2K3#2K3 $2K3&"L"
 2K38-8L2.%1%Z2-L8'DDEQ[[E7L-&"
"(
3. Néi dung c«ng viÖc
^$-K5"L 2K5K3-M0?B!cJD
NI%$-DKI0??!U)M(^$-
%z:+0??I0?2%$-L#HK#2K)
J)2%# $K0?20208I%2KI?-&•8!2
5"-&-2-#M2L#K)B%?AKB%$-3Z8I%
+K0?'KI2)-0?2%c#3Z8I%
%#(
^$-L#HK#2K#0?3Z8I%H'KK#2L#
# $2KW802K#K5"%#5"-&-2# $h
'2%@%m"2M .5-K32KI?
-# "#2, K3.%1%Z(

\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
g
Đồ án tốt nghiệp gvhd : pgs.ts vũ duy lộc
^$-#K5"M-+aJ#GN
2%$-K3-!5MJ`#@"%L"#"8!I
2%$-M .5-2,"H23Z8I%2#-2
%$-%z:+%$-#:+I,"HR
I08-(=&#aB#J&KS"&KIK
:+$#NI%f21NLL-%"H:
+(
^$-#K3KI0?Kc-1%$-
M23Z1#!52 IKMZM-L
#212OZ23M#" %(^$-3Z
M%K3.w2%$-5#+K3%#(
^$-MJN J`2 2K38-8LB"0?
:+-L-:+L#2 K5"
a(
1.3.4.2. Tổ chức bảo dỡng chỉnh bị toa xe hàng
1. Đặc điểm:
4JWwK30?S--HZ-K.%
M&0?-KB1M(
2. Nhiệm vụ cụ thể công tác kiểm tra bảo dỡng chỉnh bị:
^$-%f2:+ 2K30?2%$-
3%z#K5"pK)J)2K3Vo42)&--#M?J}
%f)1(
3. Phân loại trạm kiểm tra kỹ thuậtT
=L-%$-%fJ,$%$-L#%f0?20?
L#%fM-KK358IH
3(
=L- RAFKM0"#%M8B8'28"2?

Z&1"NT
h=L-F%ZK30?-RKS20?(
h=L-:+K3K50?0?0@20?-2
0?#(
h=L-K30?A&8a20?1"(
4. Nội dung công việc chủ yếu ở các trạm kiểm tra kỹ thuật
(=I8"2L(
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
k
§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
/8"-H$28"%A 
?K$c (-HZI8"8%"H"#&
+a*0?B8"I8"K8"
c8K%AG%$-:+0?F!I
#K8" (=%$-:+AK%A%1h
B8'F[E"E":-(
h^$-0?IKTS--HZ"#+0?a
):+-#J&+a)%"HIK%A
%1-0?I-s(
h=IK8"T#GJc0?"#+a$
0 JJc"0?(
+0?aB:+K&UM
K0Z":+(
h=IK%AT^$-•-w:+%1-K&
0?+aB%"H +a--(
K(=L-:-T
5J1T4JW%f:-'%%A
JMJ5JM8'"#%"H:++a(
(=L-0?T
^$-L#%f0?K0?%0? h

%#(
I.3.5. §Æc ®iÓm c«ng viÖc söa ch÷a c¾t mãc bÊt thêng
1.3.5.1. Toa xe hµng.
+a:+K&8a--#K5"
2"H5%&0?.%(
hPM6KJW #K5"0?A-5
K51#%$-:+%1-IL-%$-
%f 3L#%f0?(
h\)8'+0?:+ 0?8L
%@",0?2K0?J&#2-5a&85
,0?2SKI2:8'2%:18#I0M20(
h<5a#K5"0?-ZKG?%
M%IT
~]#- T[jƒ
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
DE
§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
~<0? TDEƒ
~=KI T[ƒ(
~^@",0?TEƒ(
~9: TEƒ(
~9#a%#TEƒ(
h=0&"+a0 AKI25KS
s28#2M-2M!KI(
h=0?0@TPa0&* AK0?8I0MKI
2M-(
he-5MIM%I& a.&8J0'F
H%"#NK)J)(
h=&+BaIB%"H%-R%1
-0??"F"#" +K5"a# $Kc

-2)&-KS+-'R:+(
1.3.5.2. Toa xe kh¸ch
h+a0?:+-K&8JJ#-aK.
-R8CK#0?(V!.B"0?:+-
K&J#a%#-mK.-R8CK#0?aK)J)5"
-&-(
VM8B0?L-:+ZKG I-T
Kx
l
KLN
n
γ
365
∑
=
TVM8B0?%#(
∑]Te0?p^-q(
^TPMZM8BaJJ#-aK.-R8CK#0?T
^†2lh2DD(
8

Te0?p^-qF'K.-RJ#-a 
p?M%I8

†Dj(EEE÷_E(EEE%-q
γ
%
T^Z''L"@"--.J KCJ?%Z
-R8CJJ#-ap qγ
%

†2j÷D2j(
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
D
Đồ án tốt nghiệp gvhd : pgs.ts vũ duy lộc
Chơng ii
Xác định số lợng toa xe cần thiết phục vụ
vận chuyển trong tơng lai
II.1 Xác định khối lợng vận chuyển trong tơng lai tính đến năm 2020
Khối lợng vận toàn ngành trong 5 năm qua.
4Dh
F3TE
3
C-
P# P%#
=& =&(%- P%# P%#(%-
DEED lk__ DD[gi[ EigD [lkiD[
DEE[ i_[E DjE_[ik D[E [ggkkDE
DEE_ g_jk DjgkkE D[lD [kl[ijj
DEEj kEDE DggEEEE _l[ [kkiiE
DEEl k_jk [El_[DE jli _Ejik_
=UKM%I& %M8BJC-.CFC-h
'(;.R&.)M8B0?&8B$"HH1
# $#%#(
P ?M%IpA")Fxq glE0?
%##8L_j[E0?(
=6B"J!K#) $#2%#
DEEhDEDE*#FIT
h 8I"-(
h 78B1m-(
h =6x9oK(

h ^L(
4DhD
F3TE
6
==
9#9Fed!
4#
MB
9#LC-
DEEE DEE DEDE

]I";V
7-
QP#
=&h%-
KQP%#
P%#h%-
=&
h
P%#
h
i2_g
Dljg
_2iDE
[i2kD
D2jl_
[j_g
k2iEE
jEi_
[D2jg[

lkE[
_l2jEE
kk
D 79]B
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
DD
§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
\#=$/=7=
QP#
=&h%-
KQP%#
P%#h%-
=&
h
P%#
h
D2jlD
[gk_
k2i
jl_
[j2jgD
g_l
[D
kD[
[
d!K#‡x9o
QP#
KQP%# =&
P%#
i2l

D2_
g2g
D[2D
_j2D
_l2l_
_
7=^45
/=1
p;=•qkki
QP#
KQP%# =&
P%#
k2l
D2EE
l2i
_E2jE
_l2g
lg2jE
j
\F#x9*
7m^P9
/=7=pkklq
QP
KQP%#
=&
P%#
i2k
_2EE
g2j
Dg2kE

_l2D
jE2EE
l
=?J!K#*
4,d]
QP#
KQP%#
=&
P%#
g2E
2E
k2E
Di2EE
_g2E
lE2EE
9C%M8B $#2%#!*
-UC-DEEDhDEEl(
9C%J!K#) $%##*
-J#FI(\NZ0#3%M8B
 $%#2#KSC-DEDE(
^M8B $#2%#C-DEElp0?-KDh[q
b¶ng 2-3
F3TE
6
=
P# P%#
=& =&h%- P%# P%#h%-
k2_jk [El_2[D j2li _Eji2k_
~=6B"M8B0?DC-DEEjhDEEl(
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[

D[
Đồ án tốt nghiệp gvhd : pgs.ts vũ duy lộc
Bảng 2-4
C- =6M0? =0?%# =0?
2EEj
j_[_ g_g _jgl
DEEl j[kE glE _j[E
~ k $KG* C-DEEl8T
[kE2Elj%-(
Dự báo khối lợng vạn chuyển hàng hoá hành khách của toàn ngành đến năm
2010;2020.
Bảng 2-5
F3TE
6
C-
P# P%#
=& =&h%- P%# P%#h%-
DEE D2jl_ [j_g k2iEE jEi_
DEDE [D2jg[ lkE[ _l2j kk
II((D xác định quãng đờng toa xe vận hành trung bình trong 1 ngày đêm .
a. quãng đờng toa xe khách vận hành trung bình trong 1 ngày đêm .
%X V
k
ng
(
V
k
ng

=
=
m
i
tb
k
i
n
j
j
AN
LA
1
1
ạ
365
p%-qpDhq
=T

=
n
j
j
LA
1
ạ
T 6 M %# y%- $ I -L
C-?J}(

=
n
i
k
i
N
1
T6M0?%#
o
tb
TVM8B%#KG-50??M3I
%(

o
tb



=
=
m
i
k
j
m
i
k
i
k
i

N
aN
1
1
pDhDq

=T

k
i
TVM3I?%-58L0?%#(
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
D_
§å ¸n tèt nghiÖp gvhd : pgs.ts vò duy léc
>?o
n
M3I?%8TDg
>?4
n
M3I?%8T_D
>?oM3I?%8Tl_
>?4M3I?%8TgE
>?9M3I?%8TlE
=?M8M%IM8B0?C-DEEl0#3B?1I
8To
tb
†lEQ0?
b.Qu·ng ®êng xe ch¹y trung b×nh 1 ngµy ®ªm
=1T
∑

∑
=
=
=
m
i
tb
h
i
n
j
jj
h
ng
kPN
LQ
S
1
0
1
365
.
ˆpDh[q
=T%
E
TPM8BJH%T%
E
†E2k(
[ljM 83C-(
jj

LQ .∑
T=6&#(%-B $I-L8'(
h
i
N∑
T=6M0?- $(
\
K
T=KG&Q0??%
∑
∑
=
=
=
m
i
h
i
m
j
ij
h
ij
tb
N
PN
P
1
1
.

ˆpDh_q
h
ij
N
T4$30?8LJFL‰(
Ta cã b¶ng sau:
B¶ng 2-6
]L
0?
VM8B0?T%
/ P  <
<?

\ <
=
Ê;5
35
297
40
499
30
94
35
45
Š-
30
123
30
125
30

125
35
297
=eM
30
525
30
376
30
105
35
151
35
120
30
184
25
20
\L-CK ]'"T)-# 0?(^_[
Dj