Nghiên cứu ứng dụng kit chẩn đoán và thử nghiệm phác đồ điều trị hiệu quả bệnh tiên mao trùng (trypanosomiasis) ở trâu

DANH MỤC CÁC TỪ VIẾT TẮT
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DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG
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6.72>89$:)1;<$H$9222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222>I
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6.72M$N+$23$$OP$/2222222222222222222222222222222227Q
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6.72I$O$9$JSTS*U9$)122222222222222222222222222222222222222222227I
$<)9$V2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222227I
6.725L2$O$9$JSTS*U9$)1)922222222222222222QL
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MỤC LỤC
trang
Phần 1 1
MỞ ĐẦU 1
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52>2\$]^S*,22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222E
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52>2E2\$]$:222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222E
Phần 2 3
TỔNG QUAN TÀI LIỆU 3
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E25272!$`$bA$J$cSJ9$)1222222222222222222222222222222222222222222225Q
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E2E2d$$d$$)03*)12222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222E?
E2E252d$$d$$)0)$Xe2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222E?
E2E2E2d$$d$$)0be222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222EG
Phần 3 30
ĐỐI TƯỢNG, VẬT LIỆU, NỘI DUNG 30
VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU 30
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>27252R$bA$J$$_i2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222>E
>272E2R$bA$J$cSJ9$)1)JiJ<S=$$_2>>
>272>2(/YSU$$)0S[S%U$:2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222>7
>27272'<$JSTS*U9$)122222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222>7
>2Q2R$bA$J#Oa/922222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222>Q
Số liệu thu được, được xử lý bằng phương pháp thống kê sinh học (Theo
tài liệu của Nguyễn Văn Thiện, 2008), trên phần mềm Excel 2003 35
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Phần 4 36
KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU 36
7252gP"$cSJS%#JSU$d$$d$$:)1;<+
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72525289$:)1;/#=$$9@)ABC$)D
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$/2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222275
72E252'JSU$H$i.^233e/$/U()$+$275
72E2E2$O$9$JSTS*U9$)1)9$V2222222222222222222222222227G
72E2>2$O$9$JSTS*U9$)1$<)9222222222222QL
72>272W*#-3,0P9$J$Z$/9$$9Y.222222222222222222222222222222222Q5
Phần 5 54
KẾT LUẬN VÀ ĐỀ NGHỊ 54

Q252"X_222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222Q7
Q2E2T+222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222QQ
Q2>2W*$U2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222QQ
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 56
2,9Xj9222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222Q?
2,9Xbe,222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222QG
7
Phần 1
MỞ ĐẦU
1.1. Đặt vấn đề
69$)1,9$a$1SbNJ$FX;<B
Z3,$*,S3_$J2<Zk9$-H$$bN/75
75BM
L
3eJ9$0$l$$b=YmB)/BS3ZZn
<BZ9$o$XM5Q,2p$%+H$J9$0<,
$V$A3,9$q,5E$JB3_,,lB/JS+B
$r/B$XJq,B3)J+B$1$s7$<nbN$f
9$[B3_S/BP$beTK$X2jd3_B
lt$`$)0$cSJ9$)1)S,<BZ
u$*$bA$JS%#JSU$$+$:9$Bv St$O
$9J$JSTS*U$H$$f3,$9Y.2
)D,C$tSU$d$$J$0+B$*STw3,$
sB$H$_$9Set1B$NXtcb$*,S*9
$_f$T<3,Zx3_re*9$)1y
$J%2$w$wJB*l9$)1v<BZ9$
<BZ$z,$9$)1<B<$9$+e$
bN$Kr2
je$J%^,$r$9$$&;be$9B$*
$bA$J$9S+S=Sbf$)0B0P$$&$<O

$cSJ9$;wBl2StBt$bA$J0P"$X
+$)aS%$cSJ9$)1)w2
'-$Jv$`3-S*)B$wr$_$-l$X$.
$)03*9$)1B3*9$J$cSJ$$3,0
P$JSTS*Ut$9Y.B$uwbN$Krt$`$%
XA.3*J$$Z3,U9$B$beeP)/1,$+
$Xe0$-$-$`$_Y.,9$<$bN$Kr2v
PSH$)B$wr$$9S*,“Nghiên cứu ứng dụng Kit chẩn
đoán và thử nghiệm phác đồ điều trị hiệu quả bệnh tiên mao trùng
(Trypanosomiasis) ở trâu tại huyện Yên Sơn, tỉnh Tuyên Quang”.
5
1.2. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu
gP"$cSJ9$)1;S,<+
$9@)AC$)D2
$&$JSTS*U9$)1t$9Y.B$1$f
3eS*9$Kr;)D2
'<Yd$$ZBU9$Bt$l$+$X$`$9$+
9$)1$S,<;$9@)AC$)D2
1.3. Ý nghĩa của đề tài
1.3.1. Ý nghĩa trong học tập và nghiên cứu khoa học
W*,0P"$cSJ$X+v$J)JF$fx.
$c$$&r$9^S*,-$,bey,$be$)0eB
0Pr$93,$:.#-+j9!2
"XY.^S*,,$`$r$$&3*S$+BSS[$9
^"$cSJ3,$JSTS*U9$(t$9Y.2
1.3.2. Ý nghĩa trong thực tiễn
"XY.^S*,,A;$$&S%XP$)0.#-
$J)JF$f$P3P$X+J"$cSJ9$(B
ST$N$XJJ$w3,bN$KrOP"$cSJ
$$9$)1$S,<S%t9$JS*UU$N2

"XY.^S*,,A;$$&S%$XJbN$KOP
$JSTS*U9$($<BZt$9Y.2
E
Phần 2
TỔNG QUAN TÀI LIỆU
2.1 Cơ sở khoa học của đề tài
2.1.1. Những hiểu biết về bệnh tiên mao trùng ký sinh ở trâu, bò
2.1.1.1. Phân loại tiên mao trùng ký sinh ở trâu, bò
$3,x5IGLyxi$bAjK{-3,B5IIMy|Q}B3U
H^)1$9$/$<+),xProtozoay$b
!,$Sarcomastigophora
R$<,$Mastigophora
eZoomastigophorasida
6Kinetoplastorida
R$<Trypanosomatorida
{&Trypanosomatidae Donein, 1901
~/Trypanosoma Gruby, 1843
~/$PMegatrypanum Hoare, 1964
,Trypanosoma (M) theileria
~/$PHerpetosoma Donein, 1901
,Trypanosoma (H) leisi
~/$PSchizotrypanum Chagas, 1909
,Trypanosoma (S) cruzi
~/$PDuttonella Chalmers, 1918
, Trypanosoma (D) vivax
, Trvpanosoma (D) uniform
~/$P Nalmomonas Hoare, 1964
, Trypanosoma (N) congolense
, Trypanosoma (N) siminae
, Trypanosoma (N) vanhogi

~/$P Trypanozoon Liihe, 1906
, Irypanosoma (T) brucei
,Trypanosoma (T) gambience
, Trypanosoma (T) rhodesiense
>
, Trypanosoma (T) equiperdum
~/$P Pycnomonas Hoare, 1964
, Trypanosoma (P) suis
~/$P Trypanosoma Gruby, 1843
,Trypanosoma evansi (Steel, 1885)
J,)1)BtM,SbfF$0U$:Y/
Xx•y$rJ,t$.K<9$$bN3,S3_t3wBSt,
T. brucei, T. congolense, T. cruzi, T. evansi, T. gambiense, T. siminae, T. Vivax.
2.1.1.2. Đặc điểm hình thái, cấu tạo của tiên mao trùng
R$+€K3,)jK+xELLEy|55}$X)1t
H$$be$•5Gh>7#EBQ‚Bt$d$s$BSSbfJ
$N#-$Jv$H$<B$+3ZY$$<+$,$
,2"$S3$Hbe3,,
$%Sw$)1$%-$$J^3_
$^2
)1T. evansiSbf#X3,+SA$d$$JBA$%$C,
X,BtH$$be$•B$*,5G>7‚xd$,EQ‚yB
$*5BQhE‚2A$%t$d$/$C.$$[$d$$B/$<
$&2!$d$B-wA.^T. evansis/$b-w^
J,)1$J$$&Trypanosomatidae.-wv,
3,Sbf$$,$>$l$H$
j•,1,e3•,5L5QB3•Sbf$,>exe
,3,e1XJ3e)$$-l$Ae`y2e
3•,1Sbf-+vJ$<OrXSFxj
~ƒj~y2XJ3ee1,I[3/#X

&$$*,$<)12$H$$Nk#X^
J[3/))1t+$d$/$C.$x{B5IME
|>>}„R$+€KB5IGE|5L}„!:D/ $B5III|7}y2
!)$$-~Te3,e,2)$$-
t$0JY…t,$i#o31$r,,
JBx$%ASyB$Bxbe,y3,
7
+be2
!$<!$<)1t$0 !B$d$lP$[$d$
02!$<$bNu;3UH<$[l3UH<A$%2
!,$<B3*$H/$<Zt$%$0! x" !y2v
t$+3ZY$$<)Sl3,$H,A$%
$,$2…^)1te3•,1/e3•
^$<2tI[3/;#Y$3,[;<B#X
&$*,x{B5IME|>>}„!:D/ $B5III|7}y2
Hình 2.1: Cấu tạo của Trypanosoma
be„6J$X,$0+*c„!$<„ 
$%„Jx$%y„†$%S[„~w„{R$l$<
$H$„~„‡be$$-2"(,$-$r2_SH$
ˆ^3,,$-$r2($‰X#w3e$<x i$
!:$U"BEL55|M}y2
2.1.1.3. Cấu trúc kháng nguyên của tiên mao trùng Trypanosoma evansi
"$J  ) ^ T. evansi T  E + $J )  F SU$
x$J)$rXSFy3,$J)XSF2
Q
Š"$J)FSU$x$J)$rXSFy
R$leJ$,$$l$J))1$rX
SFYJd$/a$26u$bA$JS9:U$
$X$$$•/:U$3e T. evansi2!bNS=$J$9e>
$,$$l$J)$rXSF;,)$$-X,

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* Đặc tính của kháng nguyên
J  $J  )  *  [  +  $,$  J   X  SF xj
jy$J$w$)1/J$Sbf
$9$/:U$^3_$^2"$3_k9$o$-$9bf/
$TY$%$9ST$U$d$2p$)x$y)1
ot$J)/$&,$2{9$/:U$
^3_$^o$_$J),3,.$$J$%2w,
$9bf$J$%bASTK)o#-$913e$9bf
M
)1.#/B;ST$UYJd$,Sbf%$9u$

S#/x $y2$)$ljZ+oXSF
3,$<)+$,$$e,$J$%wbe$rZ$.
K$_t2A$XSJ0:U$$b)+Sbf[+$
$Œ5L5E,,iSX$9bf/J$$_5L5E,
;wU9$2
2.1.2. Dịch tễ học bệnh tiên mao trùng
2.1.2.1. Phân bố của bệnh tiên mao trùng
69$)1$</-Bv$H<$HWr
Jl2R$H<Jl$$<(€B$HWrJl.,v
$<R$$SXR$2
$  3x5IIIy |>L}9$$FX;<BZBJbe
$9Se;$<R$B$<•3,!(€2
p$<R$B9$.,v<WrB$H6kY31+
$B&$N%YWU$.2
69$)1#.3e)&"bệnh Surra”;Ž_B
@)BBŽ…_$/$-B$F!$]"ŒBBBƒB
R2
p$<•B9$#-$9;•x$)'rsyB•WB
(BJS.Wr bABD/B#BR$2
p$<•B9$#-$9;6xS=Sbf$$JyB$9
$CZ;31j3,!x)'rsy2
p$<(€B9$#-$9;(€B!(€BS[9$FX;
6B(#BjB2
$<‘sS=Sbf#JSU$,t9$)1x…BELLE
|>I}„~22B5IME|>Q}y$uB9$)1$FX$-;
$<•3,$<R$Bv•WSXBD/B#B$J
B,B$$BBR$2
pj9!B9$)1$-;$l$XJ31$$J
$J$(*wBBSTuB3%2$R$+€K
x5IGEy|5L}B9$)1t;-.JC$*6kx6k"+B

G
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9$3e893,$SF`J31$J$x<BZ;STu
$:)1$A313,*wBS[9;<BZ
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2.1.2.2. Vật chủ và vật môi giới truyền bệnh tiên mao trùng
$)B)1a$;$l$XJ,$wr3,
$w$B$-$*$A;<BZBB<ZvB$bABB$FBJB
bOB$tBˆB+S,B3$•B$/B$B$+$222B$b
$ra$;bN2
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9$)1Y&2
$R$WU$<x5IM7y|5E}BR$WU$<x5II7ELL7y|5>}B
$leJ,Z_;$3*w3,2Q>
,Z$dte77,$</;31vwtSbe52LLL
q3e[be%B,)/,,HlxS)52LLL
q$CtE?,y2p31xv$bBS$rYJQLLq
3e[be%ytEM,„31ST&$CtI55,„31vw
3%$J$9$CtG,2!$`,Z$FX;-.J31
,Tabanus rubidus, T. striatus, Chrysops dispar, Chrysozoma assamensis.
!$` ,Z $C[ ; 31w , Tabanus flavistriatus, T.
fumifer, Chrysops vander2(*6kbet7,T$wJBE,$F
X;-.J31,Stomoxys calcitrans3,Liperosis exigua;E,$C
$-;$`31$.$S[9,Bdellolarynx sanguinolentus x$C
#-$9;31tSbe52LLLqyB,Stomoxys indicax$C$-;
31wc$8$${Jy2

R$WU$<x5II7ELL7y|5>}$XB%;$*SUS%
$-$,Z T. rubidus 3, T. striatus )13e89
I
5QBEL‹3,57BLL‹„T$wJStomoxys calcitrans)13e
895EBQL‹2p$`31St9$)1B%T3,
Z$wJ:,d$-)12$$J3,3Z$w
T3,ZB)13i/SXN$0Q>B$N$+S
+$$-,vN$0$-SXN$0>7d$,E7N2$+S
^)1XlvN$0>QSX7E2v7?Q>N$d)
1v$+S2
{d$$J)1$;3ZTBZXSF$$N
v5>7Nt$d$$JBH$$bed$$bN„>Q7QN„)
1t$d$+$SFBKH$$be$*3,$rl„7?
Q>N„)1bAB‰$’B-$.KS3,v
$’$+S2
$$9S=$0$$.K<9$^)1
$#<$_3,ZTabanus rubidus$b$NvN$05SX
$0QB)1t$.K<9$3,,$X$+$bA
$b$*$’Jt)1$$„vN$0?SX$0M
$CZ>L‹/$$H$9$J9$B$N<9$q,3,
$N$X^$s,2W*,t$%.$H$,S^
)1.l3,/bf)1Z$+<9$
s.l$$w#<$_3,ZTabanus rubidus. "XY.
,$1$f3e$)0^R$+€Kx5IGEy|5L}$uB$N
#<$_^)1,<$d89<9$,.BS*
,t$%./bf3,SH$^T. evansiJ^Z2
2.1.2.3. Tuổi vật chủ, mùa mắc bệnh
<BZ3,J,w$J;&0FS*$:)1
3,S*$J9$Bt$%iSXO3$[$bfB$XJB.0S*
$JB.$.K$Sz3,0.#-2

R$WU$<x5II7ELL7y|5>}S=F$fXY.S*>25ME<
;JC$STu<be>KF$:$-$-x>BE?B‹yB<>Q
F$:$AxLB?5EBM‹yB<?GF$:$-x5EBI57BG‹yB
<)IKF89$:.$-$A<>GKF2
5L
$R$jK$$xELL?y|5}B89$:)1$-;
7GKFx<5EBM5‹„ZQBMM‹yB$-$-,<BZbe>K
Fx?BIE‹3,EB>5‹y2(1<9$$bN#.J$Jt
cBb$*xv$J7SX$JIy2$N,S*9$$J
$_f$J,TBZ$J%B$+S+$2{wJw3_
3,*)12
$x5IGGy |>M}B#-$9bfeTBZ
1btcrt)YSXd$$d$U$:9$)1
;<BZB)B+S,2v/1$B1Sr3,Sl1#<B<Z
$:)1$./S*9$NX+$B$X$0K
)0S*$J.B9$$bN$J3,$N,3,<ZU
SF=$,+2)1t0S*$JXB:$X$X#w
3ebe-BT3,$/J12
2.1.2.4. Cơ chế sinh bệnh tiên mao trùng
$#<$_3,A$%3_$^BT. evansi3,J$.$*
uJ$$<Sr$$*&A$%B/bfT. evansi.$S
/,=$,$+$<#-$X;)+3,K$c$-<
$9bf$^$s2T. evansiZXS/,$9$l$UwSB
$0KS*$Z$$9U/+B3_/BcB+9B0
$<BKS)Tbe$$X2T. evansiZK.$0K.
$$Tl^J$B^#bA,$$Tl.$*BJ$+
,3,=2([$JB$$Tl.wJ$X$Xk/$.
K3_$%•
E
3,•

E
.)#H$+J<$9bf
wS#B$.K$X,2
2.1.3. Đặc điểm bệnh lý và lâm sàng của bệnh
2.1.3.1. Đặc điểm bệnh lý
"$T<BZS/B$wJ3,*)13,<B
ZBB)1#<$_3,B<3X3))[2t
$%YJSbf$.03);^$•BvB)3,Z<$:$
$9)1BH$$be$‰3)$P$3,/bf)
1Sbf)*x“e$v$.5L
G
)1t$%
55
<3);3UH)*yB/bfe)1$J
%;+$‰3),2
j,JB)1$<)$-/$<;JB
+$$X3,;Jr$J^A$%3_$^$J$$<$
$$*&2/bf)1J$r$.w,s
$b$2(_S)1$SF$,26%STt)
1$$-B#o`$`t)1+$,$`Sf
tX2(‰Sft)1kSluK/bf)
1JBSt.3,$t$J$9$-)12(‰
Sf)1K)J,%$9#-$9Yl$%
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$.3,T+$N$SX$A$%#-$9$J$%S[
$93e$w2
)1$J%$$JB)$P~3,J
$-S+B$-q3,$J$-Ja$^u$bA$0$c
$-Y*[A$%S%d$+S3,$.2pw3_U9$B
5Jt$%t5L2LLL>L2LLL)12je/bf$*

$b3_B)1$XS+$b”$*B,$w3_9$
<ZB$XJ3,-l$.K.#-`B$UB-l$.K$
.3,.0S*$J3eJ9$$J2
/    J  3_  $^B  )    1  Z  +    S  /
TrypanotoxinBS/,TS/)1XY,
$<YJd$/3,S/#J$X^)1$<
$8J5Q>L,2W/^)1JS)$9
$l$bA,/+$S*$,$<$9B</
3,JS+xw/Bw$X/#o$y2"$/$bNt/
+3*$l$x)/BcB=3_#/y2W/s$J$8
$TlB0$XAY+J,$3_$^$XJ3,$bf
l2W/ZJSeJ)$JB</+)$JB,
3_C$.2{$0)$.$bN#.$#-$9)
1J3_9$2
5E
"$K)3e/bfeJB)1Z,k
J+$B,KH$$-$,$+$Bll+JF$8
$s$-3,be2
2.1.3.2. Triệu chứng lâm sàng của bệnh tiên mao trùng ở trâu, bò
69$)1$bN%$9;$$%,$%-H$3,$%=
H$B$)$X$bN[;+=H$,$^X2
•$%-H$3_3iq/BSS,S$)U=$[
$r$%S,Sbf`B/-;<BZ,>I
L
Q75
L
QB;,75
L
h
7E

L
B3_$;+$2w,X-J%o$J$9)
12w/3,A/3_t$9bf•KB9k$[B
beX$.)XBSl^#/Bbek3,$Ok$.-$*B
$<$=tiJ2A/3_lS-$*BX$r$9
U$d3__BiP3,$X$.3,N2
•$%=H$9$0;<BZ$:T. evansi$bN$r–
,B$wt$9bf$,lX3,$CSX$$NXqB$0K
$X$/B3eJ[$&,.0S*$J$d9$e%$9
<,–$A2w,3_t%$9/J$$_Br#1#dBkt
$OBJ+3)B$$.bekB31P3,$<U$1$s2
$!:$U"3,xEL55y|G}$X<BZU9$;$%=
H$$bNq,B9$$<Bll$bfT$X2
!$b)$Xt-Hwt%$9SlS^J9$0<
,B3_YJd$$cSJt$%K03,J%$99
$0<,
/3,JS+57>L,UTBZ$wJ
*)1B<Z$bNS)A/x7L75BM
L
y
q,E7,T.B$N$9S+K)2$N
JS+`$A/,$kŒ$$%&3_2"$/B
%J$bN$-)12
{$0$l$p/<BZ$)A/Z$%$9$
$0$l$$bS)+BkS•lB$wSl3,bNB$+3ZY$
)/)2bN$f$V$-cvABkfbfTSF=
5>
3_#/B1&q/$b<U.k2EL>L$w3_+
S0_S+Sbf2!$`<Zk9$t9$0<,$b)
$bN,k9$;$%-H$2<BZU9$+H$$bNq,BA

$%XB9$$<Bub$XYŒ3,$rS+Sbf2([1u
9$b3iK3,$+$SX$k$X2
R$1$sbeR$1$s$bN$-;31$-^A$%$b;
/$<xv$e$8;#/yB$lXBB$_$P2
j)J+3,X+k9$0,$-;$l$X<B
Z9$2(ktOk$3,B$.)PBX[$dkbS•
l2"$$•9$Bkt,kx^$=yz$HJ+2
{$0)$J(/<BZ9$UC$.[B$<•B
,3,B$%,#JBti&3,$-$l2JSfC$.X
$$`A/J$Y=2—$.9$)1$bN
’3,3_3iKSbf2
~lXB$bfp$%9$-H$<BZlw$$B$C
M57,v$$J9$3_S=lBks<2!X9$q
,$d3_l#A#JBrbfB$r$K$B)+
k$f$+Br:PBll$bfA$%[B-$.K
,q3,$.2!X[S*9-f$b$XKBqbe$d<B
Z:$X2$XBt$.>‹<9$;$%c3iq$zB,
39d$$bN$Sbf$Ktrb”/2
d$+$XJ$%$9–9$ T. evansi <2
$ 3x5IIIy|>L}B/bf$Tl3,$,bf$Xk/
.B/bf+$lKB$,$$l+$l$SF+$l
$rB+$lJK$b+$lH$.BF
/3,.–92
2.1.3.3. Bệnh tích của bệnh tiên mao trùng
YJd$a$BT. evansi S=XS/Trypanosoma. W
/,$JS$kA$%BJS)Y^3_9$BS[9,
Jl$,3,</9$H$S[92pwk9$B
$$XF$J$bN$-/9$H$$^X,JX,
57
U$+OB+$lSA$<$-Y$XY.BX,/$_U$+

O3,2J$+$<UbB)+$f$+2
$!:$U"xEL55y|M}<BZU9$)
1$$Xl#A#JBF$J$-t$`XSF9$H$S+
$%–9;$9l$,3,$r$-$=B#H$be
3,„$F#$X3,PJvSJ$•„bB$+,„
J$bB*$s3,$+,„$+$<b3,tPJ
$+$„A$=B,$f$+B$JkCbe„#3,#P
H$U$,3,$+„t$`SJ$l3,be31$8
$s2
2.1.4. Những phương pháp chẩn đoán bệnh tiên mao trùng
2.1.4.1. Chẩn đoán lâm sàng
J%$9<,S[b^9$)1;<BZB
$r$.w,s$J$9Sbf2…-$*w9$
$b$t$J$9J9$0S[bB$-,S/3e$`w
k9$)1=H$2W/3ewk9$;$%-H$B
J%$99$S[b,/B•KBt9$0$l$xS)
+y3,$X$$2<U9$=H$t$%$-9$0/J
S+BlZB$XJq,B3)J+B$1$s;P3,$<
B$X90xR$+€KB5IGE|5L}yB$0c$t$%$-;
<BZU9$)1x!:WK"$.B5IIQ|?}y2
$ …3,2x5II7y|EI}<9$t$`%$9
lXBq3_SB•K2"$/bfA$%.–92
R$+€K3,)jK+xELLEy|55}$X<BZU$X
J3,$bf/YJd$U9$2{Tl.$-$CZ>
9˜5
>
x<BZ$•Q?9˜5
>
y2
(/<BZ9$U3)X+3,J+kkS•B)

+bS•B$.O)PBq,k;J+2
"$.>L‹<BZ9$U3)C$.q,$`A
/2{l$X<BZ9$U$bfB-l$.K$.3,.
.bf`>LhQL‹„$X902
5Q
2.1.4.2. Chẩn đoán thí nghiệm
t $* $bA$J$c  SJ  ) 1   $Z$H
$9BPSH$,$J$9)1Jw21v
bN$f9$BŒS*9,t$%,1w/$bA$J
$[$&$bA$J$1$f3,tS$H$#J2
* Phương pháp phát hiện tiên mao trùng trực tiếp:
(/$J$9)1XBt$%JP$`$bA
$J
R$bA$J#bAx y
"$9$w/BT. evansi$bN#-$9Y.+3„
3d3_B)-J31+3S%#bA2$5&J$•)$X
H$S=t™5&!>BG‹„1t^$-S*BS_
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xS$tS+5L#5L3,5L#ELyS%$J$9)1/2
R$bA$J$~).J$rx…3y
•R$bA$J&lW[5&J3,`$XH$B1
t^Sl$XH$$JZ&J3eSbNH$
$.55BEQ2W%$r$)$.5NBT/SU$uT
($B$~|5&~+5U$R6xR$$
6ƒƒy{šMBE}EQ$w2…O).be3Zbe$.
+$BS%$rTbeH$$%3xS$tS+5L#5LL$[5L#ILy2
R$bA$J,t$bfS%,:,F$bA)1B
St$t$<9SbfJ,$J$bN$f$:$*
,)11w2
•R$bA$J&•W[5&JJ$5Sl$XH$EB

1        J  $,$   e  •2 W%  $rB  /  SU$  u  T
($E$w2!$~EQ$wx&~+5
U$R6{šMBEy2…O).be3Zbe$.+$BS%$rB
beH$$%3xS$tS+5L#5LL$[5L#ILy2
“S%^$bA$J&•,t$%$<9Sbf$d$$J
J,)1$J$2
5?
•R$bA$J,$TlU$ x 
ƒy,$-,$Tl2!$NU$ B)1:,
Sbf$J$9J2 U$ -S)J$X#w3e
3,J$$wu2 U$ :.Y.;$9S$bN
$*$Jxj(3B5IGIy2
R$bA$J_)1
!bNS=OP$bA$J<_)1u
/{$[J$)1u 2
R$bA$J<_u/{x›••B5IM5y
$JS3_$k9$3,/{BSl/SbfU
Hu$-zBSl/S%$;2<3e/S572LLL
3Z˜$wQ$w2St%_^)1+3U
HXJ`$XbA3,$TlxS$tS+5L#5Ly2
R$bA$J,SA.B$J$9)1/$A$bA
$J#bA3,$~2B89$J$9$b2
je/{)Bt$%$$9$bA$J 
1bXk/;3UH)1_x$e`$X
bA3,$TlyB$•5&$XbA)$XH$BS_3,
%beH$$%3xS$tS+5L#7Ly2
R$bA$J)*S3_$H$9
W<,$bA$J$FXB$9Y.B$H$#J3,$bNSbf0
P$*S%$cSJ9$)1;j9!2R$bA$J,
tbS%,$H$#JBX$J$9$-)1$

$<$w)S3_$H$9i.2B$bfS%^
$bA$J)*S 3_ $H$9 , $ l$c SJ
$$B3e/bf$*3,$Nk$d$bA$J,$r$%
SJ0SbfxW,jKR$w3,Bx5IG5y|5G}y2
$…23,!2"2xELLIy|>?}OP$bA$J)*
$$H$9S%#JSU$89$:T. evansi)<BZ3,;$
3$HWr^•W2JJ.S=$J$95GB7‹/Z„5QB?‹/
<3,7?BI‹/$:T. evansi2
5M
* Phương pháp chẩn đoán huyết thanh học:
6u$bA$J$X$$$&Bt$%$J$9$J$%$[
$J))12W<,J$bA$J$X$$$&S[$92
- Các phương pháp phát hiện kháng thể kháng tiên mao trùng
"$)1a$BA$%3_$^$$J$%S[$9
$/+)12!$`$bA$J$$q$J$9$J
$%$J)1J3_$^
•R$bA$JbX)$XH$x
y$,5&$X$$w$k9$3,5&be/
$a)$XH$BSt$5&J$+$t$*)
13,BS*BS_3,beH$$%3xS$tS+5L#EL
$[5L#7Ly2!X$-bX$d$$w,x•y3,bf+,xy2
R$bA$J,SA.B:,3,t$%JP)92
•R$bA$J'x#y
',$bA$JSbf1S%$J$9$J$%bSt
J^wk9$)12
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evansik)J$+#X$f3e$J$%S[$9$J)
1;).$B$do#.$.0bX`$J)
3e  $J $%2 {9  bf  b  X  t  $%  Y  J  Sbfu  k
$bNB3,Sbf.$H$,$J)*[)1Sbf

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SU$H$$J)*[xƒy2Z$J$%S[$9
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$93eJS%YXSU$^$J)2 StB$$J)
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+B+$,$SJbXt$%YJuk$bN2"$J
)1$$.0,$J)*[Sbf$$Xv$^
T. evansi$r$,2
5G
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P;A;2$)89$J$99$$r$bA$J,
$XY.bAH$.$3_$•9$$b3iZ$J$%T
+$X$$„[$JBS/3e$`w3_e$:9$(
$X$$$bt$J$%)$%u$bA$J
'o$XY.<H$2
•R$bA$Jxƒy
W<,$bA$JbXX`$J)3,$J
$%).$BSbf1S%$J$9$J$%bSJ
S3_$:9$2
!)a$J)(S=Sbf$,X$f3e$J
$%+$,$$`SJX^,#$2
J$X$,$1/$wEBQU$ƒƒ$3,&$J
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$J)S/$0xS/$0bABS/$0<y‰&LBQ
U$ƒƒBkS*2 1$=$X$$$89
l$cSJx5˜Gy2$Ji$X$$l$cSJS=Sbf$
=lbf3,J3ZZ^.B$$J)S/$0
3,$3ZZ$J^.B‰+5&xbASbA7Q4y2St

$3,-.J3ZZ).5&$J)$c2 1
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EL
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- Các phương pháp phát hiện kháng nguyên tiên mao trùng:
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•R$.0#
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•R$bA$J$J$9 !^)1u$.0R…
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R…,$bA$J$9S+$-BeSbfSb3,0PS%$c
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! ^)1JS3_$:9$2
R$bA$JR…tS$_3,SS[$9-2$)B
$bA$J,SZ$•$.td$S€$_B$XU$9
S+)$9eSSbf$O$9+/$Z$H$9
$9S+2
2.1.4.3. Độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu của các phương pháp chẩn
đoán tiên mao trùng
Š"$J9S$+3,SS[$9
W$+
E5