đo lường mức độ thoả mãn với tiền lương tác giả trần kim dung nguyễn dương tường vy

CÔNG NGHIỆP HÓA NÔNG NGHIỆP
ĐO LƯỜNG MỨC ĐỘ THOẢ MÃN VỚI TIỀN
LƯƠNG
TRẦN KIM DUNG* & NGUYỄN DƯƠNG TƯỜNG VY**
Nghiên cứu thực hiện kiểm định thang đo thoả mãn với tiền lương (PSQ) của Heneman &
Schwab (1985) trong điều kiện của VN và xác định liệu mức lương hay cơ chế, chính sách lương,
yếu tố nào ảnh hưởng nhiều hơn đến lòng trung thành của nhân viên (NV). Nghiên cứu sử dụng
mơ hình phương trình tuyến tính (SEM) và thực hiện với mẫu là 224 NV có trình độ cao đẳng trở
lên đang làm việc trong các doanh nghiệp (DN) trên địa bàn TP.HCM. Kết quả cho thấy thang đo
PSQ thích hợp để đo lường thoả mãn tiền lương trong điều kiện của VN với bốn thành phần: (1)
mức lương; (2) tăng lương; (3) phúc lợi và; (4) cơ chế, chính sách lương. Lòng trung thành của
NV chịu ảnh hưởng của cơ chế chính sách lương mạnh hơn chịu ảnh hưởng của mức lương.
Nghiên cứu thảo luận ngun nhân và đưa ra các gợi ý giúp lãnh đạo DN nâng cao mức độ thoả
mãn về tiền lương và lòng trung thành của NV trong điều kiện giới hạn về quỹ lương.
Từ khóa: Thoả mãn với tiền lương; lòng trung thành.
Phát triển kinh tế – Tháng Tám năm 2011
1
PHÁT TRIỂN KINH TẾ
Số 260, Tháng Sáu năm 2012

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 !"#$%
!&"'$()*'+), /.01234
&("54"6#"7!8)&
54$9:$;+<=>+
?3/4@"'
54(;)8;)?&8*)<
8!8A*=34/?<A
)B<,,C4@:7"DE/
<)"'54/F!<G3HIJ6)
$>)F"";)&KGLMN

OH)PLQ!K.R0SN"$O
@4 < T'F)?   = U'
V<";EV
  <  O  4@  "  '  54  /  F  !<
G3HIJ3

2.1. Khái niệm tiền lương
:>:/W$'
X"Y*Z"7333"[?\"
7MVK]\^N<U;9" 
Y*!8Y/W'=V<")<
:>!>!6<A8F!6";
Y#U_`"7<#"
7" "aFO*'*Y"#U_
`"7*;;"#"7")7
A*"7AV!6)"
)79&Ub*;
" "F`&<)Ub*;<)
K=(Zc c?L.RR1N34/
VG'*4Yc<\"333d:F
e$Y*V8;
'$";)<#"7AY
!8$%?/W<""9A
3
:8aW;
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8F<!6?>
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V)gW"[*="(
7<<9`a;=a;
V!VU_`'3
!")h!;E
*`8*<*A3
i\  !;K!U*"  !UUN
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j$<)7+O#
"7<'F#3!;A
;F"#"7"&'
')9`>3\!;A
="#<)K#<'+)N
" "'U;*k)<$9!")'
$";A;/)"<#
$V$='"(!;">)!l!7333
f@4"')?"aF"
!;<8*U") !6F
#"$[)?:'$";!;">)
T&78*V/Vm-S2"
+), ,3c>;)!*=8547F
:!;hK.NJ7!;'U
n)?"aFO4<>:
'"(!;">)!l!73"!;
<AW<!;j<K,NJ7
!;'Un)?"+
?`O4@AW<!;Un)?
  $  "3  @  !;  8  $    $
"$9:'$";E*`8*
"<#oB<g!;3
iEK!"UN<;"#"

7$W"<<9/p
!#3E<)7"($==Y8
:'`8=#"7"
*8893E
:8"(hE+U88Aj
EU'$VjE"<=333
iG`8*<;/)![U"
!;!Xl*/)"#"7$W*;
<)"$$9[F" 
$9YA)<A=V$T'F
!;*`8*<)"<#*`8*
<)/)*`8*#333f@4:$";
W<*`8*!;8$9*;<*`
8*3G`8*?`'*`"''!7a;=
KIqM\NK=`E*N!;8<
')3G`8*T+"(338
<)7$";*="(7)<54##
"7"'73
PHÁT TRIỂN NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC
2


 !"## "$%&'((!%)))
PHÁT TRIỂN KINH TẾ
Số 260, Tháng Sáu năm 2012
iGAK!rUN<$";9#
A'V*;"#"7"#
$9*;<)!;">)T&7<!;"
>)Vj=j'F`548*
< s $')  U? $t333 I=   Y  E 

"<A*<X"<
=V*<X"'V*3\V*
<$";Y*Y!6
     !;    "   *` 8*  
E3I'V*OV>a
'$";*A3@!;8*A>U
a)O"*V#UO#
"73I'$";W<E(
;!6"4@$9*!$Va;<)
uEv"'wu'?
.mv333!;8<*A34YE@4*
A!");'$";;'V*<
V*"#"73
\YK4"Nh<Y*
YO#"7!")8;'$";
h!;*`8*E" '"(;
9$'K"NU$Z'
$";VY*<!;">)!l!734Y
:>!;<'8*'
$"; $' K*` 8* E " N" 
YdUb"3
[Y*n[X"Kx"UU"Nh<
Y*VO#"7!")8;
'$";)<54;"#"7h
!;*`8*E*AK!;">)!l
!7<$9!l!7yA<T333N<
VY*'KV:N3[Y**;
'pO8O)7#3
J?:><!;
Y" [Y*Z93

2.2. Khái niệm và đo lường thoả mãn về tiền
lương
'$')";)&
97/333";)&:>
AFe<"#"'h
i";)&<$')!V3
I'"#<#'*`$"";)&
<)7<*pKX'<*p
$'";)&&(")9#<)
333N("'$Va;<O4@";
)&9K^U!)K.RRRN7/
$V$=/z"K.R0{NNj" $
"#";)&K"!UN3
";)&>;)T
O#"7)<WA;Z
9$U"U')"AOW3
i";)&'<*pO
K$')!VNh>;)T/
Z<*pO!;
E*`8**A&[
Y*" ";)&'aV
'?<a;=333M
>)"";)&<$')!V<
A >    " /  ?  O  5I"$
LQ  P  q"$  K.RR1Nj  H)  P  LQ!
K.R0SNj  |)U  I  q"Q P  JJU
K.RRRN34/?";)&'<*pO
    *  54  !V    $=  (  K)?
*A=U'V7333NA''
"8*"O54>Z:

)';*'*"<Y/?
<U_`"!V3
4+).R{R H)<LQ!&*'>
 "  +) <  *p GLM  KG LUr"
MU"NU:';& g<
$>)F(".0!V"!<
*ph)?KGN+KGUN
*AKqrN<V<KG
)U"N<"+) .R0S3IV <
"GLM >'? VY*
'=U'/
laF;'='
9>)W#><l>A+
3"/?<KG)U"NUb
AWl<V=U'3"
GLM!<*p&AU_`"
/  ?  H)  x!  P  LUU
K.R00NjK5I"$LQPq"$K.RR1Nj}rr
|3K, SNN3GLMAT)<)7!
7*'"/ ? U<
3
2.3. Lòng trung thành của nhân viên đối với tổ
chức
4/?<U_`a>)OG
K.R{RN<>~F" )"
))()bE(X[?3
PHÁT TRIỂN NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC
3
PHÁT TRIỂN KINH TẾ
Số 260, Tháng Sáu năm 2012

2.4. Mối quan hệ giữa thoả mãn với tiền lương
và lòng trung thành của NV đối với tổ chức
Ja";)&<
    <  O  4@      [  ?  A
/?OVa)a";)&
9K"::VN<
<O4@[?KI I
I , N3"V"$;"U'O54
"!'"'"$;"U'(a;FU
(54@4"8/gO4@
      V)  p  C-2  K\/  M  , N3
")7/?$'m.2#)
$;"U'd"6="=$V4@g
<Kpz)5, N
2.5. Mơ hình nghiên cứu và giả thuyết
4/?<T)T•'7O!<
*p<"/?O
H)<LQ!K.R0SN!")h)?
+*AV=U'V
<O4@[?3";)&
Ub<)4@)l!:X[
?y[?3x;Vh
H.h";)&)?:aX
<O4@[?3
H,h";)&+:aX
<O4@[?3
Hmh ";)&  *A : a X
<O4@[?3
HCh";)&V=U'
:aX<O4@

[?3
MU'"VV9!67!7
;EVU!8)&O4@9
!6!/"<KU")?F#N3x;
Vh
HSh";)&V=U':'
7)(' 7O";)&)?
V<O4@[?3

5":)4@:7+"'"#
)")7<"("i+V
:)?"<(g
//?WA<>$;"U'3
4/?FAA(G3HIJ
<"' n, m /:7"
DE/<)('54(G3HIJ!6
'*t8V*<A,,C!;;
#A*3
I:.m1#;#<K1-{2Nj00<)
KmRm2Nj11#K,RSN2s,1[j1,S2
"7[,1imSj.0#:7[m1E/
V)g023"7W8/)9h
.,S2*8*"Dj{{S2
* (  W E /3  " ) / :  .,S
#K1mS2N:)/m+)j,.R2:
)/miS+)j.C{2:)//S+)3
@Y*:.1.2#:Y*S
n'jSm2ZSV jm-02/
3
 !"!#!$%&'(

4/?U_`"GLMOH)
<LQ!K.R0SN.0!V"CV=h
)?+*A<V>
<)UE;"Y:)3";"Y:)
7u;EOIqM\V*V
O9v!F"(<)7VA![Uh
ET?'9U?OF
"*XA*V3
 "     < O   / :
Z"l$V[?OJ"Q
LU<G"K.R{RN3qVuL€U<<)!8?
>:>E(U#[?v$9
*XA*>"#<O'
?sE#>)/!F"(!t3
":m!VaU'/A$>)F
")9"#3"\$K.Rm,NS
!YAU_`":!Y.?
)?7"<"<$9~<!YS?
)?7"<"<~3
L$$>)F7YI"!*O
'<*pO"/?
*= $DFKI•‚N'
<*pO")9"#)9
/?3I'"<)9"#)9
/?A$>)F')U
KIiUaj7"KrN'F*'gUI•]j
x•]j  \]j  ƒJL„‚Nj  7    Y  [  A*j  [
*U=j=/j'F7`j<
'F*!*XA*3G*'*A
PHÁT TRIỂN NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC

4
PHÁT TRIỂN KINH TẾ
Số 260, Tháng Sáu năm 2012
JT))\$""KJ\NAU_`>
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<76)"$";…i.†.‡3
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*p  ";  )&       :   U    Y
I"!*"$";-{1<-R.3"
$>)FI•‚":$Va;*XA*'
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…R1‡‰.0S00.jx•]‰-R-Sj\]‰-RC1j
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W8*3
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J9/?g:$')h";
)&<</)9"
# < )9   / ? : $V  a;  
3J9:')U*XA*Ii
Ua  K.C-N  ‰  ,{R1RSj  *‰- j  x•]‰  -00,j
\]‰-R,Rj  I•]‰  -RC,j  ƒJL„‚‰--1{3  H  U
a'<*pO";)&
<)?7";)&
6)"$";-m.mV-{18;''
FK.iNnL„Š.R1>'F*!O'
$')")9"#3
4Ym;VH.HmHCA8*

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7 :~ e $/V  <3
ƒ/;VH,:)?~eKL3N‰-
$9A8*Y+$9;E
V<O4@[?3
‹EO VV=U'
V<<-C-{;E
O)?V<<-,C13Œ* 
;EOVV=U'
V<!6;EO)?
V<:$Va;hz7";)
.Fˆ
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[,.mSS*‰- e<
;EOVV=U'
V<)(:U$'!:~
e$/U";EO)?V
<3x;VHSA8*Y3
c>)!)?7<)?
<<V=U'$9$'
!3J?7;=O";)&<
{,S2!V/O<3 "
GLMC<*ph)?+*
A<V=U'A$>)F=
A*>"#";)&"$
O@43
3,4-+,
I:>;=;VH,K+;
E  V   <N $9 A
8*YUh5"()*'")8+)a

+a'"4<(#T//p
g)?>/54*;
`7+'"A'" a
FO4<3@+'Z
.mS-    /  ,      KC02N  "  '
n, &U8<V,-2n+)
<U?)/F#;)&$V54
83I:>'54&*;l"
8>'*?/p+'O4<
<$9:$;+<="+
'="9#$'3
PHÁT TRIỂN NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC
5
PHÁT TRIỂN KINH TẾ
Số 260, Tháng Sáu năm 2012
H';+)($V
VO#"7;))(m{2#)
$;"U'"6)?(a'8*
$9OUKpz)5, N3/
$Va; / ? <( " 8 V  ;
E)(V<O#"
7$9*;<")?8*)<<"
V=U'a;3z;"U'
d"8"8;'=U'
4@)")A/;[8<
=U'E*A3c<
"88/)WO
;9"7E54<7"
54")?7";)&"4@
"*:>!F(V$;++

"4@("<"<:>O7
VY*V=U'3
5 6#07 8&,
!#!7/9 :;<=
>?#"
K.N4@$9<'?T'F
)?U"'F=?
"54"!;<3z
VY*'U54VUE
$"W$'aV9/
F#)=<"!6;><F'7
PHÁT TRIỂN NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC
6
@,*+,-./0ABC,/D>E"FGHI
Số lượng
thành
phần
Độ tin cậy
tổng hợp
(ρc)
Phương
sai trích
(ρvc)
Trọng số
trung bình
(• )
Kết quả kiểm định
     
     
     

 !"#   $  
% & ' () 

 $  $$
ρ* # +,- .
 +, /
012 3     
@,*+,-./0,
Ước lượng SE CR p
012 3 $   
012 3   $ 
 !"#012 3    
% & ' () 012 3    
B#J

 9KLMLNO
4

 56 4

 56 756 74

8#)29,
  $    
PHÁT TRIỂN KINH TẾ
Số 260, Tháng Sáu năm 2012
OaVy#3MF;"
)/d$V547F:T
;  8 8* " " 7 :  7"
(;a'"""7:7

8*354/VY*!;/
V"!;<!77
a'A>)354/T'F'F9
<)$;")?F#<)UE
"VY*!;/*XA*
$/pO543c#54/*A*
;";m$=(h"?
"+'<"a;
93
K,N\!;E(54$9l
$Va;3gWFa'"
$9O("7<)"4@3J7U54
)'*`V7EY)(
$9!VEV<"F
AA)`/<''$Va;9
Y)=;!7*YV*$"
U;T83I:>)$;")7U=U';
9"7:=7/$V$=)(
4@h
i47!7U54")?F
#6)"$;+<4@
t:+3/"<K"U"N
" ";Y$=(A*'U&
A;a'"KV7)/
N6);*:aŽ543
iVY*'/laFT'FaŽ
* *Y*l$Va;9
3 ("  7   " 4@  !6 '  a F
/lEY)3•V7
$"'ŽV'!7*YV*U;T8

$"B$VA)?*=
"*()"*•*3z9/'*
`?;p"#
"IqM\ !IqM\8*""543I8*
!Y<"Y*<*`7<"$V
a;"(7O543
i•'F/laFY$Va;
<$E' l$Va;Y*>
*!93
i•'FU"54<'
+$V)ZF#>VY*V7
&$V$=3
KmNI'aV=U';9"7
$9•<pO)!(<8a'/
$:a;=$:<)3454$9:a
V$Y`)yp)7$>$V4@
l)lU!354/VY*" ![U'
$";"aV;9"7K!")
;E*A*`8*N<U"''a
Vy#*;!;";)=8a'9!6
!/"<F#<!/"7!73
KCN4Y?*XA*O
&("5434')$9a):
VA=U'g"
p<*=w<lE;)
)y$54:$:$+<="
$8$";*=!8A*=" [8
$9A/?"(!t3/V$
>UV$‘,.'54!lp"4@<
'<p'"#V

&("54@4$9[B"4@<
#"7<)/"<*=
&Y)'54/VC-
+)<<))8AV(
3
KSN4'!7*UOp)>
))<:$Ž+VY*!;
<'=U';9a;3/)<":
'#(WE@4:'<
=?BVY*<a;=
;9"7a;"F#j"
;p:7V
Y*!;543c<$V'54<
"Y*Y"7"
'!7*U3@$k/?
!<<=?BVY*<
a;=;9"7a;<'*
`<"("<"U//
<a;F<8pV3
Kiến nghị đối với các đơn vị quản lí nhà nước
về lao động
iG'>9F#"7
*'54!V')?9`/F
#!7U"54'9
(<"3
iI"*•*54<AVY*!;
/$9'* )?p<
PHÁT TRIỂN NGUỒN NHÂN LỰC
7
PHÁT TRIỂN KINH TẾ

Số 260, Tháng Sáu năm 2012
V7$"'Y*"[')"
$Va;$"3
iI'54d/~<$9>;[
;9"7)<$9;[8[
?F!/U$9;['
'<V
Y*  )9
# +
"'  *X
A*3
P  *
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