TIỂU LUẬN TRIẾT HỌC CHỦ NGHĨA DUY VẬT CHẤT PHÁC HY LẠP CỔ ĐẠI & NHỮNG GIÁ TRỊ, HẠN CHẾ CỦA NÓ

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ TP.HCM
PHÒNG QUẢN LÝ ĐÀO TẠO SAU ĐẠI HỌC
  
TIỂU LUẬN TRIẾT HỌC
Tên đề tài:
CHỦ NGHĨA DUY VẬT CHẤT PHÁT HY LẠP CỔ ĐẠI
& NHỮNG GIÁ TRỊ, HẠN CHẾ CỦA NÓ
Giáo viên hướng dẫn : TS. Bùi Văn Mưa
Người thực hiện : Nguyễn Mạnh Hà
Lớp : QTKD 5 – K21
STT : 44
Tp. Hồ Chí Minh – 2012
MỤC LỤC
PHÒNG QUẢN LÝ ĐÀO TẠO SAU ĐẠI HỌC 1
Giáo viên hướng dẫn : TS. Bùi Văn Mưa 1
Người thực hiện : Nguyễn Mạnh Hà 1
Lớp : QTKD 5 – K21 1
STT : 44 1
MỤC LỤC 2
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU 1
Chương I 2
I. Hoàn cảnh ra đời và sự phát triển của triết học Hy Lạp cổ đại 2
II. Những tư tưởng cơ bản của chủ nghĩa duy vật chất phát Hy Lạp cổ đại 2
1. Trường phái Milê 3
2. Trường phái Hêraclít: 4
3. Trường phái đa nguyên Empêđốc - Anaxago: 6
4. Trường phái nguyên tử luận 7
Chương II 10
I. Những giá trị 10
II. Hạn chế 12
KẾT LUẬN 14


LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
 
 !"#$%&'()'*+,,
!(-./0'$+1+(2,34
536,789:;)0<
0<=>?&<@$ +" 
&AA()0$(&A@$7<(7#
=B5:C88&D/E&#F7E<@
7<<&!(=5-./00G+
7""8&D/E&#F7E:
C,)99*D
/E&#F7E,9#&H9#&-0'9#&D0I'
9#&70J+&07BKL3('9#&0M
/3I&.N0+2I" 8'!)+"=57,'!)+
"'"(9#':::O7<?@PE
8&#$%:
Q5()+$ (=HRS9#NET
&:DUI-.T(/V/IP:::'&WX.NE9"
P=M&WY.07""-K/0
Z(0(0=$2,0
['&:DUI-'Y\RR]YSD,7U917E(Q0=(E(
!B:::'^(-./0'C_QIP`B'D
C,'Y\\a]bSQ,^(AN(E('^(-./0Z
(9#7E'(7c['C_QIP`B'DC,'Y\\a]:::
)+$ (OGG$:
KRK

Chương I
NHỮNG TƯ TƯỞNG CỦA CHỦ NGHĨA DUY VẬT

CHẤT PHÁT HY LẠP CỔ ĐẠI
I. Hoàn cảnh ra đời và sự phát triển của triết học Hy Lạp cổ đại
D/E&F7E+,6F,
R
'=5d"00
7PV76E(7"$)(D/E&F7E<&*8 
57*!B+@2)<"2K9)&8
&:e97,+@2)'9#D/E&F7E763450
+,"f+23E@55g*"5
$9f')'&&'$(507h)
:
D/E&F7E79d(71("f+F7E
+,(@7+38&:;,&(
&?'7h=i+<76& $27$!8"f
+&94F7E:D/E&F7E<0'f+D/E&F
7E<=*7#UE"f+&94:
D/E&F7E !7(E&7(E'
7(E5P7(E=',78$98
0804+7(E5P767E88
=47+(P=MD/E&F7E:
II. Những tư tưởng cơ bản của chủ nghĩa duy vật chất phát Hy Lạp cổ đại
8&D/E&F7E!8&
2BP?8#'<79dO9#&-0'9#&
D0I' !9#&70J+&07B.L3(7E79d71
((9#&0MN0+2I:
1
D/E&F7E(U++"C+7 (Qf'+"G&I4j2=B7 (
k0J0:
KYK


1. Trường phái Milê
2
9#&-0(lZmYnKanoC['L3+f7ZpmR\Kanm
C[L3+GZpaqaKaYaC[345r++=s 8
8:N49#&70(70
!7+ I79d8E(O+,E88Hl
(r87<9'L3+f7(&G(L3+G(
$2$I:
- Quan niệm của Talét: C9 0E0:
Qr!='28EB+7"< 8t+9'+
9UBt+9'9B+7&W00
276$9 8E:C927FI
976= =$:C9$2+87+UE
u+(<E($2O='7F+87.
Thế giới là một chỉnh thể thống nhất tồn tại tựa như một vòng biến đổi tuần hoàn
không ngừng nghỉ mà nước chính là nền tảng của vòng biến đổi tuần hoàn đó
3
.
- Quan niệm của Anaximăngđrơ: CUB&G(:
L&G($2<E37P'22BG&E&]
<2((+@+h7B&9<KE'$2K
9':::C#=578@+h7B&+E79dE('=
7<7B&=>)7*"&G(:
- Quan niệm của Anaximen:CUBE$2$I:C#
$2$I=57,<+E(vA79dE('=7<
+877!"E$2$I:TI5=7cO7<&=+
'#<f5AZ=5 “tụ khí”[Z=5wloãng khíx[+$2$I
<E8$9M'9'78'7':::e(y
0M00E(W#'(h07873BE(
2

-0P2(8!8*D/E&($z;XXC:
3
9#NET&:DUI-.T(/V/IP:::'&WX.NE9"
P=M'&:DUI-'Y\RR'K{n:
KbK

4+vA:N84+vA'-h#'-hf'2
=(@$7"!!N8:
2. Trường phái Hêraclít:
D0IZab\.no\C[+,)F#D/E&F
7E<0)7W0(P=M<:
!)+2"79d)9s'75
"tA$<9<75"99*)+I
V8=4=i:8+2767E($(99*4
(E&l&)8&:
- Quan niệm về thế giới:
8(I8=$2& (W
+,59d=00(7<E('E87W0=
E8$IM:/MUB=E7UE
=$+87=>!*"M'“tất cả đều được trao đổi với lửa và lửa
trao đổi với tất cả như vàng thành hàng hóa và hàng hóa thành vàng”
4
:G(
7,M+E<<7FEH “Cái chết của lửa
chỉ là sự ra đời của không khí, cái chết của không khí chỉ là sự ra đời của nước.
Nước sinh ra từ cái chết của đất, không khí sinh ra từ cái chết của nước, lửa sinh
ra từ cái chết của không khí”:)9d509i'+9'+
(f+'|G(2$2& @)9dWI+v1
@E$M+2:;vAMr'$2
OAG(5+2((=:;99*I(

,vA9M8)'D0I768+EIu8)
:
4
D,7U917E(Q0=(E(!B:::'^(-./0'C_Q
IP`B'DC,'Y\\a'Kom:
KnK

- Quan niệm về sự vận động:
8$2O7,7FH$2<=5'
)9d(70)7B:-=5')9d07"
7F'7,&$2O'$2<@0E}'
7,8u:~$c7P=57,7F
u8r4<8“không ai tắm được hai lần trong cùng một
dòng sông”
5
,“ mặt trời luôn đổi mới và vĩnh viễn đổi mới”.
`)+"7,2<,Bs99*"=5
B878+h7B&:!7+7P
?8#3G+789+,)9d((05'9=53
7,@59d+!87,+I8&z'D0I
$c7P78=>E(+,5("=5B8:;vA+,
B8'9(<2u,78@=5
7B&'#,78+=5)9d$2O
<'7$7#+(vA9#30&
$2O7F+:N8UB+7)
@'$*0=E(=5=BUE:;78&F
8:
- Quan niệm về nhận thức luận và nhân bản học:
• Về mặt nhận thức: ~(r& )9d
$!'&)!'5vA

r++=kI37,@+h7B&UE(
=5')9d7E0:~!+
7(E +IVI:C$*7WO +I2!
!7(9#=5A' +I1=5
&((=9$2ii0$27=$+&It
5
9#NET&:DUI-.T(/V/IP:::'&WX.NE9"
P=M'&:DUI-'Y\RR'K{a:
KaK

50$27=$+&It50:G(2'+B
8=B50& =MA9'VI]VI(79#
7E4V027"(:
•Về nhân bản học:(9#=5B8 +h7B&t+9
M:/U(9#v1+,)M:/U(
9#=5B8+h7B&Ht+9M:/M79(9#
77")'+((9#*0( ('M2?*(+
7fO@+}BE$( +$<BE=5
@:C9#("BM(0B80
4+U9#7<$2('IBM(4+U(9#!7P
&t+8(9#7<:
3. Trường phái đa nguyên Empêđốc - Anaxago
6
:
- Quan niệm của Empêđốc:
;E0$2& (+,BE(0+=5$d&
"BHG(2<BB87,&'8M'$I'
9'78]?7E)(BI8 <KEK9K$2
4B7,0:€0$d&E'
:-=+87(=5$d&BB0G(

0:,("9dB0(
+7,7,0++$79dE(
+8'I7"76+0=57E:~v(rv
A27, !bốn giai đoạn
o
'=5=BO7E9=
7<$i&0:
6
J+&07BZpn{\.nb\C['L3(Zpa\\.nYqC[
7
^7(ER'0i*4+vA'8EP7t(0'vA+,
! W8'7U8'B8$2&4]7(EY'OOW(0
(7t0&I('vA+,! W8'7U8'B8i7WP
&4<]7(Eb'i*4+vA'08EP7t(0'v
AP&4<((BB78'9'M'$2$I]7(En'0W(
4+vA'P7t('97,0BB78'9'M'
$2$I$d&=E:
KmK

- Quan niệm của Anaxago:
;E$2E(B4BM'$I'9'78+E
79dE(O2=B4B$Z27<EB'E
B5k<&42[](<E<<
8$%$' 4+}7675(++EB
$9<1P!7P*I8EBI<:
cE9Hf'P'$'(
<P'8 +<(8 +'+}+:
~(rC=.I)W?U7,
E:C=+($B83('($3(
&Wh8&*@78'&Wyi

3!$:
4. Trường phái nguyên tử luận
9*  &    (  /3I&  7h  "  +<    79d  (  )  *
N0+2I:0MN0+2! 7E
(F7E:
- Lơxíp (~ 500 - 440 TCN):/3I&(rcái tồn tại (nguyên tử)tồn tại'
cái không tồn tại (chân không) cũng tồn tại:C0M4$2
$*0:;E(vA7"=)G(!4
! :
- Đêmôcrít (460 – 370 TCN):
+ Thuyết nguyên tử:G(N0+2I'vA79d8E(*B
0M4$2:C0M@E85k$2
&4'<E'$I99$2<I8'1< +
r5!'27,UEu:=5(
0M0$EE(0'=57E0M+0I7
E:4$2B}'$237P'2'8
KoK

7,2'<$2 9*7r+(<#7<+
7,79d:~&k7(r'7,$2#8'
7<+,&k7(0'7,@0Mu'
$2<7+$?:
~O=5,G(4! I!
)9d50r+BE!7+4+(rBP
(50$2& I4! +<I+A7I:~&
I•0'2(•0+,)9d$2<04:
~k!)+"=5= ==5=B(9#WH‚*
(9#(W(9#859@)9d
$$&50:W1=54(@)9d
50@,I(9#9We=54<

+h#'WL0=54<,I(9#:G(2=5
=B$! !7FO8&7(50'=7W
0=B*99=7<0EB(9#7#:
~(=5&4I0ME(030M
E(0U$2& U#3:!)+2
+I+,+E=(<@8!()BE
!7+4+2("I8MU(9#:
+ Quan niệm về nhận thức: ~(r7B9d
8'3!(9#]#=57,7B9d
((9#0(9#+79d:~&4(
9#+#B==B:C+#B(
! ++E'+E@"(9+E4
V:C==B2!&7(9'<(&l&
7E4V:C+#B=*==B:O@
"(& 7(=49d!"(7i+i 8
E:
KqK

+ Quan niệm về đạo đức:G(2'=5=*7E(
7:‚B7?+5'2'$24E(+(9#$=B
<7E(70+}9#W=B7,<7E(7:ƒt+8(
9#$2& 79d7*#<+r)+:DE&?(
9#G(2*$ fI)'$ fW<'71(
E&?$(9#*=B(=59*EO& (=5
 4+U5(:~2& 7B=5„(!7'=5Ad
89*?,U•=58E(9#:~7"
(@7,P(9d(9#'*1<@
7W$I++((9#*07E:
+ Quan niệm về chính trị - xã hội: _84OW&24
0!)+227"( ()!"d(W&+:

~(r36,B879d& 79dP*92:~<
@99*,()$7"7E+29&&P'4
+A7I7G+EE&?'5(((9#:~(r1O2
4*0+79d3G+(9#'2)$2& (9#+1
2A&AP(2:
K{K

Chương II
NHỮNG GIÁ TRỊ VÀ HẠN CHẾ
I. Những giá trị
K;"+h!H!8
&D/E&#F7E!'$25(=00
'72(+5(50'5(VI>& 
7#9#I(9#7V 7#=B9#:
+7+I4+,+E9@!7+
#$%7?7i'<V2WBE@9
9*=W+4+2(79#:
K8&D/E&F7E76O=5UE
u28'827,7,$2O]
76(879d+B0)IB88(5
0:C@99*7679d$(+:
K8&D/E&F7E76$c7P(9#<
$ f$!]$c7P7B9d
8'3!(9##=57,7B9d
((9#0(9#+79d:e(7<'
8&D/E&F7E76 #&W((4k“Con
người có khả năng nhận thức thế giới hay không?”:
K8&D/E&F7E76(879d=5UE
B878<•+h7B&'$c7P78
7,5&36,:

K8&D/E&F7E76 I=5=B$
! !7FW7WO8&7(50'i7WO9
KR\K

9U00E:`7+7679d=
$ (F+:
KD/E&F7E!4+787"(9#'
$c7P(9#B!V4+(E7,vA'(
(!V8E(<:
K8&D/E&F7E767"&7$)+"
w7E(7x7W0(P=M4(E]9•(9#W=B
7,<7E(7736,B7y&]7"(@7,P(
9d(9#]&0&'& 7B=5„(!7'& 7B=5
Ad89':::`)+"=5!7E(7v79dP
DUI-$c7Pwxw7xW& 2772H“Có tài mà
không có đức là người vô dụng, có đức mà không có tài thì làm việc gì cũng khó”:
K8&D/E&F7E76)=5,$7"
&7)! V36,G(+294r&&]
3G+! V9+,)77G+EE&?'5(((
9#:
KD/E&F7E763450&l&)8
&'7W0&l&):N4" 7
-K/0.$+1+(2,34536,*
9):
KC@7W0D/E&F7E7#
v38)@,$((
50f'($($76+E((
9#@92(7#=B:
K8&D/E&F7E$217<<&
@V !@87"(36,79#+7h"

87"+$(7#=&  7&](<?78(E
KRRK

7,(E7,5u(9#&'<<&&W
B=+EW(59d,(36,:
II. Hạn chế
KD/E&#F7E)!'V)
&9&&+,,&,(36,?8#8&
2BP:C<2AV78&B7PPB
P+:
K(87"(9#9(9#*748&O
4*0]7E,&4?„($F(36,2)P3G+…'
$279d3G+(9#+12A&AP(2:98
79dI8) &<(9#((5($k7,2):
KD/E&#F7EO8<
9!7PV9E7U8@EUEA
8'(7<57W0' 0vA:C
#$%+hI5!' +I'&k7(
5($)+I 49"
+h&9&&9<=*$(@$(
0uP77F:
K99*D/E&#F7E$2)7
<$2V 79d I)9dW9“linh hồn”'
“tình yêu”'“hận thù”v9+B!)@W8]
P 9*4+'2(]<1+<&&W 
I9=5<&&W E('7F:
KOI8'O=5UE<7,
&V(9#9•9&4)s@+h4+V
V((,50:‚5&!7+)
P 9*)99*<I8W(E:9V 79d

KRYK

UB7,8:9 I79d)9d
Wv9+B!)@W8:
K87"9s'#E9)B<:
Kƒl&)#$%48&0=
7(E&5*76$27@P&l&=038)OM
B$1_;:
KRbK

KẾT LUẬN
`)07"?&W(0+79dU
B7#'99*@P'E8&D
/E&#F7E7O7<<@A7?7i(,=B5
):C@99*#$%7='+,
+E9<+,,9d(99*=(P=M?8#]
<76)79d!7?7i"UB8'
"$ f(9#!7<7<?&(9#
0+"" 4(9#:-h<@$7+'
E9?$2&@P
8&D/E&#F7E'<$2@2A@I76<&&W
(()'! V&36,8&BP79
#+<@7<<&($(4(E"
V=<P]"V=*()
$2I87"779d$(0
]"99*'*" (7(E=
",•<P$():
Ds8&'i+@@PE
<=>?&d(0)=O7<
Ad&V=E(99*)((,=B7

+}9#?<@==B('7?7i(
7,'+)d&!=5!'<,<&&W792
,34536,*9:
KRnK
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO CHÍNH
RS9#NET&:DUI-.T(/V/IP|'‚:
Q;f-9Z0['&WX.NE9"P=M
&WY.07""-./0Z(0
(0=$2,0['&:DUI
-'Y\RR:
YSD,7U917E(Q0=(E(!B:::'^(
-./0'C_QIP`B'DC,'Y\\a:
bSQ,^(AN(E('^(-./0Z(
9#7E'(7c['C_QIP`B'DC,'Y\\a:
nS &HSS+G:S+qaSGSKKKK=KKKKK
:baJRR\{:+:
aS&HSS:†$&G:(S†$S‡7P‡4+