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nghiên cứu cơ sở lý luận đề xuất mức phí sử dụng phương tiện cơ giới cá nhân - ứng dụng cho hà nội

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
MỤC LỤC
Danh mục các chữ viết tắt 3
Danh mục bảng biểu hình vẽ 4
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU 6
CHƯƠNG I. CƠ SỞ LÝ LUẬN VỀ XÂY DỰNG MỨC PHÍ ĐỐI VỚI PTCGCN 9
1.1. Một số khái niệm 
1.2. Các cách tiếp cận trong xác định mức phí sử dụng PTCG 9

 !"#$% &
1.3. Các phương pháp tính toán phí sử dụng phương tiện 15
'()* + , -*$,-. /
'0,1234*) !" 567-. 89!
CHƯƠNG II. KHÁI QUÁT TÌNH HÌNH GIAO THÔNG HÀ NỘI 25
2.1. Đặc điểm chung nhu cầu giao thông thành phố 25
(:% ;"% < <=/
5>- =?@AB
'2. - =
CDE'F
 !EG@4 *  !#<H( @A'
 !EH( @A'
II. .? <=JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ'
AK;H(@AJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ''
'LM @AJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ'B
C !EN O- =JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJCF
/PQRH(JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJC
S;T*-4 *  !#H(< <= !- .CC
'M$ ,H E-!UC/
(VLK?WMCX 

CM CX


CHƯƠNG III. ĐỀ XUẤT XÂY DỰNG MỨC PHÍ ĐỐI VỚI PTCGCN TRONG NỘI
THÀNH HÀ NỘI 49
3.1. Cơ sở xây dựng mức phí 49
3.2. Kiến nghị giải pháp thực hiện thu phí 52
Kết luận và kiến nghị 55
Tài liệu tham khảo
(VLK?WMCX 
S$*YG  O
DANH MỤC CÁC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT
HLZ- =G Q
Z.1?E >
LMZG Q@%*=
[\ASZ<9T88
HZ- ==,
H(Z- == )
\SZTQ-]12Y
0HAZ0. .*8
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^_0Z ` , 2
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HSZ(=-!U
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DANH MỤC BẢNG BIỂU
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\Q()$%, QG@,42R'
\Q5>EB

\Q-1*1`E<* @` !" X
\Q'A>E U-. <@AG@*98K$FF/
\QCDE !TI U-$,g%= ,ThiFF/'F
\Q/DE !TI<*9 !-G@Y* U-$
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\QB !ED` @@A''
\QX* 9D 8$'C
\Qk* 9D3489;G@8l$'C
\QS1** 9TR  $$ELM9'X
\QFM Q-E < !1U!-'
\Q1` K !?4UK$ .CC
\Q 1`$ "$@ @` K$FFC/
\Q'\Q 53% Q , -*,12D/F
\Q'()$%, QG@,42R/F
\Q''M Q , -*,*  Q/
\Q'CM Q , -*,4d/
DANH MỤC HÌNH VẼ
IZP.1?E >F
I08 ,<0-G@M 
I'08 ,<m-1UbH-$UnecTUnC
ICM%= ,C
I/M @ ,/
I.BZ5,G@,TI8<HLB
(VLK?WMCX C
S$TQT#eIGf
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I1`E U- Ig%= ,ThiFF/k
I'1`E U-1?Y. Ig%= ,ThiFF/k
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LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
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9G)G- =G Q" pG@"GN<=@A@$  @`
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@ K.gTI8iFCktK$FFG@4Q$4`hNG
` K81`i ` K. .*8< @`u!l 
!-i-E. <9@4U$*9i 1@*-E4U-G@34UEQ$
>0. - =G Q=o$4UT1i 4i4U=$9"i v>Q$
<*. @9r,  `DT< @`r i-@
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G@q:%%KNGR  $- =<D8-,
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(#Q9 *Gl:< `- =9 E@Arx$  D
@G@oG`> -.1?E >G- =i K v>Q$
<LMi 5- = ` !-%LM? <=p$4UTR i*
%-Q/eFt>EG@8$G@- I !E* Q IT*E.
*8@$ Q*%Q l   !-YQ*3!#E
. . $- = !-)T@ @`@ZThu phí sử dụng phương
tiện cơ giới cá nhân trên địa bàn thành phố. HQ*@9 .`QG@d3*
?$ 1`Zbi-!UJ,12. .*81f
>@$Q$1`3. *8 $- =iQ$N Oo D "$
%,9 .1?E >i%O=y$-%, Q. Ll:?89@ 
T-"@3R#D8l">Q"i , -*%z#N3G
II ; qT @G= =-T?GI !- EG@YK$ @AGw@=
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p !-%1; K<= =- I !-$  .>= =-,@
9"8,w N O- ,$$q D$@ vQ$ 5
1`9x E"@-G:$ ,@9-q!l $"U$

4": @Nghiên cứu cơ sở lý luận đề xuất mức phí sử dụng phương tiện cơ giới cá
nhân - ứng dụng cho Hà Nội. !-E$G<o*p4"$,`G
. .@= =-*8
1. Đối tượng và phạm vi nghiên cứu của đồ án
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Đối tượng nghiên cứu:
*-E= =-*8 $ !")T@ @`i,12. 
Phạm vi nghiên cứu:
!-E$G @@A
2. Mục đích và mục tiêu nghiên cứu của đồ án
Mục đích nghiên cứu:
E. *8 $- =$@?89@= =- !- .
Mục tiêu nghiên cứu:
(:4l 3.1?# ,,12. .g= =-h $- = !-
 @@A
3. Phương pháp nghiên cứu của đồ án
Thu thập tài liệu có sẵn:
e LKTQ@"9-EG@9-E- =G Q
e P9-E 5 #*  !#H- == ) <=@AK$FF
e *T*-*-"P9-EG@S;**  !#G@)GLM?
@A
e \*-*- 5% <!U!-i1?HL
e ()$i.*LM @A
e \@G i @ + U!U 
e ()$%, Q. i,42R
Xử lý và phân tích số liệu:
e +1`1{ , -*.1?$,12. .*8
e SN>$:$|-!#G T*-*-iU4U#42R1`
e SN>$:$0-}U!0- # 9 $T*-*-

4. Nội dung của báo cáo
l !j<T*-*-Z
(VLK?WMCX X
aD$?>
Lời mở đầu
Chương IZ.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
Chương II ZM**  II- =@A
Chương III : (:4l $,`G0HA !- @@A
Kết luận và kiến nghị
S-: @!l $i,  @G@U$<% u%$"
%= !*%x 1 - >9i= =Q$G@RjU$~
^$48 @Q$.~
G"
(VLK?
(VLK?WMCX k
.c.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
CHƯƠNG I. CƠ SỞ LÝ LUẬN VỀ XÂY DỰNG MỨC PHÍ ĐỐI VỚI PTCGCN
1.1. Một số khái niệm
h *%*$
0,@%-Q :$@ 5i*8Q !Q%3$  5i*8%*l
)G3) !-S$,T@%•$ U-0*0,G@a,
0,- =@%-Q :$@D12.  $- =Q-
5i.l)GgD1*i>`Jh5i.?89 #@@
-q*= 9> 489;>DN9 +%G;$@D12.
$Q%-Q,@9
0, Of@%-Q,Q<D12.  $- =%
>G@-Y%G;3= !-D-#$g% ! 8$ @
`h
\#,@$ TQT# !-9)$,Q- +` 3
Th €s<, Of

,12. 9r&@ , Of•$$,Q$N O-
=G@ "$%,#9 489;.1?E >- =-q*= !Ij
3%*
1.2. Các cách tiếp cận trong xác định mức phí sử dụng PTCG
1.2.1. Tiếp cận dưới góc độ quan hệ cung ứng cơ sở hạ tầng GTVT
S.1?E >,12. ,@%-Q,12
D$@D $- =Q !Q-@#TNO,489;iTQ-
]
!- !D3"G:.1?E > !-- =G Q#Q$
TQ-9" O@-@3,<DG@D12.1?E >>4U$4‚
 #$`<$12.1?E >G*Q<)G.1?E >9
%-Q :$@D12.1?E >>Q !QG@>g vh !3*l )$@
,<>Q
!- ) !D ;-<*-E@-*)G%*iQ< !T
> U-$*@ 1-E G@y@:p !-OEi%#Q
!D3)GG Q9"i !- ) !D.1?E >E
%*iqT  !-@HLi$g=1l   %e4Uƒ%$h .G$
$)G D`) !- D@G@T5 U-1;TOE<
(VLK?WMCX 
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1.2.2.Tiếp cận trên quan điểm kinh tế học
S% &,12. HA,@%-Q, Of$@
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6!%9U$M  gX *ikk/e / *CiXh@$ @% &
D-M„G@u@$ @% & !&< %vF‹dY"
G:,12DK$C
Q&Q !"dY8 ,.TQG:% <N O- =
*8 ,<*=1Z\O > + ; @ D !TI>#
$ -D KNG3- =i3q !T?D, !
(VLK?WMCX 
.c.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
TIb(D@9 #* !)< Di$@Q)@%=5`GD12
DG@ D9#(DbuT-o$,G@4U E$
D ,AD@= ` !TIQ$@$ K D9#
!TIG@ E-!, ";G4d$@>3 ,M3- =
Td-ri1; K "$$V.  !"-D1fQ?  D9#<
l Q*. i:@9%=3`G,. u`G l
Q*. %* !"Di$V.  K1f E-!$ ,T"l
)G@1;%*T Y,*8G@,4d8 ,
Hình 1.2 Phân tích của Pigou và Knight
(D,T"T:,4dT"T-o$*, OfT"
Các chi phí sau bằng sự gia tăng thời gian di chuyển của tất cả người tham gia giao thông khác
nhân với giá trị thời gianH* !),@%-Q*&YG@b*,T"
-@ # .` Of4Q9!(:3$& !-IT?*
DbG@; !"= \0_g\!U-Œ0T_-1BCh(`<
D-- l9,T"T"-@- =@T1`<1;$ !y89!T?
Y.  !"D(:@93 , -*!•!@ !-*= \0_i,
T"T"-@ fT•C> D$ !y89!-*. 
HQ*:4l <0-G@M `ED<9GG*q -
&& L  -*-E @93 ,,4*G@=T•; !"* !)

D<$V9# K "$<$V.  !" l Q*. %*
L )#$@9i$V*8!"Ž•,8 ,•1;8`Y,8
G,*8G i !-1;=T• !- !Q,< l Q*
. ;8`@9 .oG,4d8 ,LG ,@9
(VLK?WMCX 
-1
.c.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
Q<:% 1f3Q !-Ii1;4l "*-E @9R1; 9
5 + !E *8T•<DN !-D>TOrb#$4d
` !-D>TOr
Q<.*@9%=i l "i1f%=1; K$ * ;
"Q !Q 9"8@-YQ@GG@,OG3,*
1!- -E @9<0-Gi9"8<$*8T•$1f
-.* !- ) !D8T•g, l @%*.  >l hiR-@,
4d<9G3 *, D-. i$@@T•, !TI
I !"$&#$@9i ) !D8T•$@%=,4Q9! E#$$@D
-, !TID>(#$ `4d4Q9! E#$D-,
4dG3 D>iT" !* ) !D8T•L$ D>`4`i:@9
@$R!•,E !-4d `Q-. !" ) !D8T•
M*. %=ol iGQ$ DE* !).-:
D* !) D-A> *.  = DQ),G
9#-.; @`NY*4U@3.i@$ $q  !*<G
, #l3
+<G ,1f@ ";G> . if ,;
<, Ofp3#!•T•-D3, "!-$=I% .
Q D@Q)*%-Q 38`T•Y* @>8i$@
%=% -* !-8 ,, ;-qQ 5 l  !- * 
!- ; i, ; #*%#Q  E +  * #-q
xG@ $, #3 !- !D3*%-Q ,312#
Q$*-E %*M# +%Q$E +G , Of I: !&

@G " @-i89@%,E !&#l@$ ,1*j
O<,<
>R!•*, Of ` D%=-ETx3 Of-@
-@i !-$  !D3@-3,$l  +GQ$3- = #G3 
,4d  %$A-@!i-T"-@"* !),.%
: Of`Y, `G$"$ !&< Of D v
 G(u@3#$<Q*@9g,-.N O1f .h @
. Q),- !-% D9#u%=3i89@$
!-YR-@$-=j%= ,G ; , Of
b) Theo Jose A. Gomez-Ibanez
(VLK?WMCX '
.c.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
m-1UbH-$UnecTUn@*-19-E= )G@,1*= EE&!G!
‹E9G@"G:% i.1?E >G@,1*G Q‹d-4l TQ@
`1*"sG; !"
 1`8 ,<=G:, Of1Z
9#D- `e3 @D-,12
Hình 1.3. Phân tích của Jose A. Gomez-Ibanez
!--E>% K*. %=@$Q?  `. 
u, Di%3E  3  %-q.Td-r I
$V1; K "$<. 1f@$- ` !TI !"-DQ$4`
9, D1f K"
Hình 1.4. Khi không thu phí
(VLK?WMCX C
.c.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
Hình 1.5. Khi tiến hành thu phí
L , Of@$#$8T•)9# +#$ ) !D8T•gD
>D-#$O D, !TIbh#$4d `gD>D-
#$O D,T"4dhPhí tắc nghẽn tối ưu chính là khoảng cách dọc giữa
đường chi phí trung bình AC và đường chi phí biên xã hội MC.

1.3. Các phương pháp tính toán phí sử dụng phương tiện
1.3.1. Định giá CSHT từ đó tính tính toán mức lệ phí cho các phương tiện tham giam giao
thông
h ()*.1?E >
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HL>Q 8$!l :%,E%*
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•9`i@ !-* -@@i*%$@>D12%=
T-D !Q !; Tl %„$ %-Q@-!-Y !D3@9i$ >*%-Q
1f !Q-GGp•iD`=iJ-q #@8T5G@-
$, "@`G*`iQ !DiGD-i9@ !-* -@
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aR-< 3 !"@1f!l  E9">D12 !;  !Qi
Y !D3,@!l E;%„%%Ki EG:. G@
=# # ,12$ * !; g !D3D`iQ !D
=hi !D3 I,<*@9@!l xg@i` !-
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(VLK?WMCX /
.c.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
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 D!l  lL,,12Di>i$ G@2%’18T9iTQ
A9" O)*.TQ@Z* !TIT•, !TIG3
TI83TI8 D q fG@-$3<
%-Q ,> 489;.1?E >i93  !*T? D*@9-
*.QR@g3h%-G@% *
U-R 9" i,`)$$  v !&!l  !-,*
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\Q-]e9 9"i?*`*  !#-Gl:QR !& Q
.  !"Dr9iqT @- !IQR= *TQ-]9 r

E-"Y,* 1 !-* !I% * D!l  !% D
E ,%l-.TQ
U-R 9 i$**G@-D12 D4Q$ U-1;
 K<>io ), !TIiIB
gh gTh
Hình 1.6: Tổng chi phí và chi phí bình quân của CSHT GTVT.
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*<,<
l Z= D%TO >G@.1?E > I3- =
r lLIG9i1f%= #*$*`GD12 U-j,#
(VLK?WMCX B
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.G) D
,TI8
…D12
AD 12 … . G) D
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.c.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
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3- = !?".QG@T•‘.
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L l QY,- !"i.*)* U-,T"312
$ *!!dgEjh9"j  l9% Q-G:1;% 3)*
U-,T"G,<D12i #!$ .
*%Q .i !*3: !-1`Y3#$" !"<.*,
T"
Th 0.* ,,12D
qNd !IT@9? !"i!l %%K#4*)$*$@D
HL>Q 3 +YD12i,12D9"iGI1;
=T•4d>Q%‘)!•>QQ$ #$ !3* !; -D
12.1?E >L $ >G@  ’9<,> .1?E >
U-$12 .<*$` 312@.1?Q$ !3* +8
1*@io D@.1?%9"%,*@>  $.12E >
HL
0.* .TQ@81`D12! @ +$i
$V$$ $9">%*G:@-$ .G)E$@&12
gL,$>-$ 4Uƒ%$-q !4Uƒ%$`G$ -E9$ $-E
. l )Z7U$*9i4UEi4U-i4UTR ih
HQ  1`D123 @A$iG$,….G)12
 U-9"> K> +$$A0. 12<&u38
 @A$ .
Bước 1: Tính tống lượng sử dụng CSHT<$V$3 , -*@[

`G
$i[

`G$i[

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`G$'
5$12@Z [‡[

”[

”J”[
A
‡Σ[

(VLK?WMCX k
.c.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
Bước 2: Tính chi phí cung ứng CSHT.
e 

@,- l Q*$ +AQ12 l QA$
:12. <$9">12?$ .$

e 

@,T51#8l1--YD $ #12
$.1?E > U-9"><!"& U--E4U
e . ;
 
@$,T51#8l1--$D #12
.1?E > U-9"><$G@-E. 
5,@Z‡

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”
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””
A
‡Σ

Bước 3: Tính toán giá thành phần được tính như sau.
h *.1? U- "’ ll G:$12- l Q*` 3
12Dg

•h
0•‡
h,T518lGQ$g

•hZ
P’2 =

h -$AZ
P’N = =
Bước 4: Tính mức phí (giá) cho một đơn vị sử dụng của mỗi nhóm.
p1 = p’1 =
(VLK?WMCX 
.c.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
 p2 = p1’ + p’2 = p1 + p’2 = +

PN = p1’ + p’2 + p3’ + p’4 + + pN’ = pN-1’ + p’N = +
+…+
l9$,8G>3  +$12 , 5-  + l Q
*$Z
R = p1U1 + p2U2 + + pNUN = p1’ U1 + (p1’ + p’2 ) U2 + + (p1’ +

p’2 + p3’ + p’4 +
+ pN’ ) UN
R = p1’ + + pN’ UN
R = C1 + C2 + + CN
L,G: ,,12D?a-1g//h0,D3 ,-C-ED
%*i.* , I . ;
Bước đầu tiên@ ,,#D--E4Urx$, l
l -4Uƒq$i .G Q !& !"$V !4Ux.-qT•BFFFcT,
T-o$,Di,489;iTQ-]1YYG@,G@
. <D12DW !- !D3@9<9@,"G@*
%-Q 
`?a-1g//hG$,Ci' !–…K$a3G@<-E
4Ug—BFFFTh≅XiX v4Uƒq$,@K$-$V4Uƒq$@Fi'kB–U g !-
TQ'h
(VLK?WMCX F
.c.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
Bảng 1.1.Ví dụ về chi phí sử dụng đường tăng dần (Lousiana-1955)
Loại xe (tính
theo tải
trọng/trục-lb)
Lưu lượng
vận hành
(1000 trục
xe*dặm)
Tổng chi phí
(Triệu US$)
Chi phí phân
bổ/1 trục xe
dặm(US$
cent)

Chi phí tích
luỹ/trục xe *
dặm (US$
Cent)
FeBFFF XX'/F/ C'B Fi'kBFF Fi'kB
BFFFeFFFF CF'FX 'FX Fi/FC FiC/'B/
FFFFeCFFF F'/kk BC' FiBk/XF iFXCCk
CFFFekFFF k'X 'XF FiCF/ iCXXFX'
\  U-@4*),>Q "$G@-#8l-q  %N-E
-*4U Q !& ! +BFFFWFFFFcT,>Q "$G@-<*
@9%" 'iF !–…K$i .GiC p4Ueq$ !-$ K$i Q !&
!4U +BFFFcT !?"08T5,-1`4Ueq$i 3,Q "$G@- ,
-$V4Ueq$@i/–U AG9 5,*3>3- =
K !- !D3@9@Fi'kB”Fi/–‡FiC/'B–U …4Ueq$
 * . ;i # l9 + !-TQi3 K-q,>Q "$
G@-#8l$q Di1--*4U Q !& #-E 3a3,
 K@938T5- 51`4Ueq$i1G,.TQj !i ,
3 5,og, ,zh-$ 4UWq$G$V-E. 
AY , -*@93 ;G +-ED%*i3T#y !-TQ
'
Ưu điểm
.`.Qiy#iy , -*i #TNO3,489;D
Nhược điểm
Q*>9<i%*, $- =<. i # ,
*%-Q,4d--E <. 89!,42R%, Q
M= #!•*-E,% $- =<. 
(VLK?WMCX 
.c.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
1.3.2. Phí sử dụng được xác định dựa trên tổng chi phí xã hội do phương tiện tham gia giao
thông gây ra

U-#$<*@%  I,12. 9, Of3
, -*; !",4d<*. i3 ,T•1;$ !y D- O
f8G* !) Di:@9@%* E
!- ; G@E$G<o* -*,4dT•,12D
G,* Q. gtính cho mỗi ô tô/ 1 km đườngh
64d‡612D”6*  Q. 
!-Z
e,4d@>$@4dQTx!# !Q-GQ9 YGl:-
Y*889!&%=)Q9 -q%=%QKQ9 
e,12D@%-Q :$@D $- = !"DQ !Q#489
;-D
=  ,Z
612D‡ 
(.G)Zgoh
”,489;%$D3 ,T• 5$> 489;$  9
D-:@ 95$> ?89T-o$,489;$q T•iQ
xG9 TQ-](.G)Zo
-D"@DT" =;@
”5 &-D3l9@T•FK$-$q DT" =;
,@,%l-%$D
”a3. 9# !"D !-.G) D?89l9@K$
(.G)Z…K$
(VLK?WMCX 
.c.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
a3. 4*)T•%QK =@<D
U-LACF/CWFF/(D= =G@9">  % IZ
o MQ8*Y>4UE9 !*:G@Q8*T"#8*
= =G4U =1.ZkFF……@
o MQ8*Y>4UE9 !*:G@%=Q8*T"#
8*= =G4U =1.Z/FF……@

o M%=Q8* !*:G@= =E9G4U =1.ZFFF……@
e,*  Q. @%-Q,$@D12. Q !Q#42R
%, Q<. % $- =
=  ,Z6*  Q‡a3%, Q !"%$ƒ,42R
(.G)Zo
”a3%, Q !"%$‡"-" !TI !"%$ƒ()$%, Q
<"g…, h
M, Q?89p ,$ 1`-E%, Q,i89 *E‰iA‰
4
i0
F
iA
"-" !TI !"%$<= =-l9 !TIT•'i/a…FF%$
@Fi'/a…%$
”()$%, Q<"G@,42Rl9 U-o<$"
!-U
Bảng 1.2. Định mức khí thải và chi phí xử lý
M, Q
()$%, Q
g…, h
,42Rgo…
lh
PM
10
Ci/k e
NO
x
BiF kF'BXk
CO
/BiX CCF

NMHC
CiXF BFX'C
AoZ(-@" !-U
Ưu điểm
, -* .`.QiQ* .`>9<, $- =<.
.*8g= =-hi #TNO3-%-Q !3*<@G:489;
o D E- "$%-Q # #8l
Nhược điểm
(VLK?WMCX '
.c.1?RG:489;$,`G0HA
,3 , U-.*@9-..* !"" E-%%K !-G
,
*,p3 ,$ * .`i%=3,4*-) *< )
!Di D
L".1?RG: ,120HA%. 
= !-%G; ! 8$•$!?1? ,$ ,`G. g= =-h
•$@$Q$N O- = !-%G; ! 8$G@ E-!%-Q # #8
liQ E-@9$ -@ (d** G@.* ,%*
G:,12. d3 !IT@9 !-> !"V*i.*:
Y3#$%*S; !" II ; G@Q$E Io*4
&.* ,,; !" 5,4d-.  $- =89
!#@$.1? , -*$ ,12`G0HAg= =-h !- @@
A
(VLK?WMCX C
.ccM**  II- =@A
CHƯƠNG II. KHÁI QUÁT TÌNH HÌNH GIAO THÔNG HÀ NỘI
2.1. Đặc điểm chung của nhu cầu giao thông thành phố
2.1.1 Điều kiện tự nhiên kinh tế của thủ đô
@A•$?G) !, ! 8$oT•\O\iE !-%-Q +F-/'ˆ-'ˆGs
\OiF/-CCˆFB-Fˆ%=i *G/ pZ\O*?,TOi\OA

G@˜"?,=i@89G@Ls0j?,$G@, 89
%$?!)@,G@- *kK$FFki@A ,''Ci%$™i
o$$  )4diFG@k9
()I@A l> U- +\O4`A$G@ +891(=G- !
TI +/F$‚ 1-G$;T#ADN1ToOiT>  , ;"<
@A@oT•i•$?YE1=(@iT"1=oG@*-1=%*
M,@A "T#-GN\O\Gq#$<%, $N’$i$N
•i$:G@$N=Ei, $
L1`8BiCC !8i$ 81`TI8@CkD…%$

i ,'FeFe
FFki -@ @`@A/CX/X'G @>8Ei !-B'C'
8%’@D8 , Dg$t81`hio$*8 Di@9iS-i
ANG@*8 %*
@A%=Y !? @ ! 8$% e, !)$@r@>$`- =
 !&<Q!-* !I*  !#G@489;@AdE 3Y @
; -i !-K$g +eFFFhHS0<@A K !?TI8E iCt
!-= K'iXti= K'iXtG@)G Ki'BtHS0E
$ K !?TI8K$@FBtgQ@Bithi !-= KTI
8K$@FiBtgQ@Bithi !-= K'iXtG@)G KiCt
.l% 1; 95*%#g , U-HS0hAK$FFXiHS0< @`
K%-Qiti 5* !)4l %’E  !"C v[Si 5 81*%-QC/XF
vov !&<=i489; !-HS0d K +/itK$"'kikt
K$FFi !-% 9* !) 9 `<@=8$G@)G K v
!&HS0EQ$ .@/iXtG@Xit
P9$=G`> -)G +/kX voK$B$CCiXt 5G`> 
4dd K"k/Fik voK$FFF$B'iBt;9#> @9d
>*%#G@-1; K !?G@*  !#< @`iu<*@s
G;%*9"T"EY% QE 3i1;)9#.l>  !- D
(VLK?WMCX /

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