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()∗++,#−
345∗(6∗789//:∋54)5;∗(<∗+(45∗(=(>∗+?∃%≅/Α/∗∋/%Β∗.Χ(#∃%)4∃∗∋/%Β∗∆ΕΒ5)∗
ΦΓ (∃Η∋ ∆ Φ(Ι∃ %89∗+ ∀
∆
 ϑ ΚΛ0Κ0. Μ
Ν0Λ
Φ+ ∀#∗+ ∀Ο5 7∃Η∗ 5Γ/(∗+∋ΠΘ∗ 5Ι Ρ8>∗+ 3Σ &≅
∗>5Ε)∗ ΦΓ (∃Η∋∗ Φ(Ι∃ %89∗+ ∀
∗
 ϑ ΚΛΤ2. Μ
Ν0Λ
Φ+Φ(Β∗+ ∀#∗+ 7∃Η∗. ΥΕΒ5Β∗ /(Γ∗( %≅(45
∗(6∗∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς(∃7ΕΒ.
3ΩΙ∆ΕΒ5Β∗5Ε)∗+(45∗(6∗,Ξ∗+ΨΙ5(Ζ5[∴/]#∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς5Ε)∗+,⊥∗+5∋_∗()≅∗∴789/+?∃
%≅∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ςΨΙ.α∗+ΨΙ/Α/∗∋/%Β∗5Ε)∗+(45∗(6∗+?∃%≅ΨΙΦ(Ι∃ΦΓ(∃Η∋β.(8&χΠΨΙ
∗>5Ε)∗5Ε)∗+(45∗(6∗%≅ϑβ∴.
3Γ(∃Η∋(45∗(6∗




.(∃δ∋Φ(∃7ε/()+?∗5#/(φ/_∗+(∃ΨΙΦ(Ι∃&γΦΓ(∃Η∋(Χ#(?/7η
ιΑ/7ϕ∗(∴Εκ∃.
3Γ/(5(8λ/(45∗(6∗∗µ∋/)∃(45∗(6∗∗(8∀Ο5ν∋⊥/_∋,Α∗ΦΓ∗(ο5(γο∆(π5(∋Ο/&≅)ΨΙ
Φ(Ι∃5(Σ)/Β∗+5(Ζ/+_∗7θ∗+οϑ 0. Μ
Ν ρ
β
2

∀.
(./
 κ∗+&ϕ%≅∗(<∗+∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς∀≅(45∗(6∗/(Ζ#/σ∗+ΨΙ∆ΕΒ5Β∗∴τ/Χ/σ∗+&ϕ5ΕΓ5Ε)∗+,⊥∗+
(Η5(Ι∗+5∋_∗()≅∗υ∗(8∗+/ΧΨΙ∗>5Ε)∗Φ(Α/∗(#∋.
 Α/7κ∗+&ϕ/ϖ∗789//(∃#%≅∀(#∃%)4∃7κ∗+&ϕ,δ∗&≅7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4.Ε)∗+5(∃Θ∗
∗(∃Θ∗/ΧΦ()⊥∗++_∗2ΜΜ7κ∗+&ϕ,δ∗∗+)≅∃Ε#∗+8ω∃5#/ϖ∗5γ∀5(:Π&≅∃∗+(γ∗7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+
ι45[∗(∃Θ∗&≅∗(6∗54).
(0/1234∃%5
 Ε)∗+&χ5%Γ(45∗(6∗Φ(Ι∃%89∗+5(8ω∗+789/7),Ξ∗+7>∗&ϕΦ(Ι∃%89∗+∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ςΦΓ
(∃Η∋%≅∋.ξΟ57>∗&ϕ∋/Χ+∃Α5Εϕ,Ξ∗+
0

Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#7κ∗+&ϕ/#/,)∗
0
Κ
.
∋ϑ ΚΚΜρρ. Μ
Ν0Λ
Φ+.
 (Ι∃%89∗+/]#∀Ο5∗∋/%Β∗ι:∆ιψ,Ξ∗+∋.Χ∃/(∋∗+∀Ο5∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς/ΧΨΙΦ(Ι∃β5(γ/Χ

Φ(Ι∃%89∗+ι:∆ιψ,Ξ∗+β.∋.
(6234734
 Η5(Ζ/β∗(ι5#∗(+∃<#∗ζ∗+%89∗+&≅Φ(Ι∃%89∗+!ϑ∀/
0
.
 ;(Η5(Ζ/β∗(ι5#∗(Ψ∋ΠΕ#∀ϑ
0


/(Ζ∗+5=Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/Χ5(ε7),Ξ∗+7>∗&ϕ/]#∗ζ∗+
%89∗+/(∃#/()/
0
/π5(ε%≅Σ{/
0
(#ΠξΣ{/
0
.
 (Σ)%Γ5(∋Πµ5/]#β∗(ι5#∗(∀Ο5&χ5/ΧΦ(Ι∃%89∗+∀
Μ
Φ(∃|5Ε4∗+5(Α∃∗+(φ5(γΦ(∃/(∋Πε∗
7Ο∗+&λ∃5Ι/7Ο&Φ(Ι∃%89∗+Ψ}5ζ∗+%Θ∗5(≅∗(∀&λ∃∀ϑ
0
0
Μ





5Ε)∗+7Χ∀

Μ
789/+?∃%≅
Φ(Ι∃%89∗+∗+(φ&≅∀+?∃%≅Φ(Ι∃%89∗+7Ο∗+.
 
(89+,
8;</81=<45>?

 !





Τ

 [/58>∗+5Α/+∃<#/Α/∗∋/%Β∗5Ε)∗+(45∗(6∗%≅%[/(θ5+?∃%≅%[/(45∗(6∗/Χ5Α/Ρπ∗+
%∃Θ∗Φµ5 /Α/ ∗∋/%Β∗%4∃&λ∃∗(#∋. [/(45∗(6∗ Φ(Β∗+ ∆(⊥∃%≅ %[/5ψ∗(7∃Η∗∗Χ Φ(Β∗+ ∆(π
5(∋Ο/&≅)7∃Η∗5Γ/(/]#∗∋/%Β∗.Ω)&λ∃%[/7∃Η∗5;&≅%[/(:∆Ρ∼∗%[/(45∗(6∗/Χ/8ω∗+7Ο
Ε:5%λ∗τ/ϖ∗+?∃%≅%[/58>∗+5Α/∀4∗(υ&≅/(φ5Α/Ρπ∗+Φ(∃(#∃∗∋/%Β∗/Α/(∗(#∋∀Ο5Φ()⊥∗+
,Ξ∗+()/∗(=(>∗ΦΓ/(5(8λ/(45∗(6∗τΦ()⊥∗+ Μ
Ν ρ
∀υ.
(:;12734%1<
3Ο(π5Φ(Ι∃/]#∀Ο5(45∗(6∗%≅(∃Η∋ΨΙ+∃<#5α∗+Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#/Α/∗∋/%Β∗/:∋54)∗Θ∗
(45∗(6∗&≅Φ(Ι∃%89∗+(45∗(6∗7Χ
∀ϑ∴∀
∆
3τβ∴υ∀
∗
∀

(∗
3ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5/]#(45∗(6∗%≅∗ζ∗+%89∗+5)⊥Ε#Φ(∃/Α/∗∋/%Β∗Ε∃Θ∗+%}%∃Θ∗Φµ55(≅∗(
(45∗(6∗&≅7Χ/∗+/(Γ∗(%≅∗ζ∗+%89∗+/_∗/∋∗+/:∆7ε∆(Α&|(45∗(6∗5(≅∗(/Α/∗∋/%Β∗
Ε∃Θ∗+%}
%Φ
ϑ∀./
0
.
3ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ55Γ∗(/()∀Ο5∗∋/%Β∗



+?∃%≅∗ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5Ε∃Θ∗+/]#(45∗(6∗
7/5Ε8∗+/()Ψ[,δ∗&<∗+/]#(45∗(6∗.
9Ι8ϑ∆8
45∗(6∗



/Χβ∗∋/%)∗∴∆ΕΒ5Β∗ϑτβ∴υ∗>5ΕΒ∗.
ΩΙ(455Ε)∗+∀+#∀/(:57>∗∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ςϑ





∃Θ∗(Η+∃<#∗ζ∗+%89∗+&≅Φ(Ι∃%89∗+!ϑ∀/
0
.
(Ι∃%89∗+7Ο∗+∀ϑ

0
0
Μ





.
Ο(π5Φ(Ι∃/]#(45∗(6∗∀ϑ∴∀
∆
3τβ∴υ∀
∗
∀
(∗
.
ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5
%Φ
ϑ∀./
0
.
ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5Ε∃Θ∗+ϑ



.
>∗&ϕΦ(Ι∃%89∗+∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς ∋ϑ ΚΚΜρρ. Μ
Ν0Λ
Φ+ϑ2 ρξΣ{/
0

.



∗Κ,Λ
/Β∗+5(Ζ/,Α∗ΦΓ∗(οϑ 0. Μ
Ν ρ
β
2

∀.
(ε5Γ/((45∗(6∗/)∃∗(8(γ∗(/_∋
2
Τ. .
2





(Ι∃%89∗+Ε∃Θ∗+






0
 () ,∃µ5 Φ(Ι∃ %89∗+ ∀Ο5 ∗+∋ΠΘ∗ 5ς ο#7∃τ
ο#

00Κ

υ %≅ ∀το#υ ϑ 00ΚΜ0ρΤ∋ /]# (45
Σ%ΣΣ/5Ε)∗%≅∀
Σ
ϑΜΜΜΜρρ∋.Α∗ΦΓ∗((45∗(6∗789/ιΑ/7ϕ∗(,Ξ∗+/Β∗+5(Ζ/ΕϑΕ
Μ
.
2
β
ϑ
Τ. Μ
Ν ρ
2
β
τ∀υ.(Ι∃%89∗+Ε∃Θ∗+/]#(45∗(6∗ο#7∃%≅
 β. Τρ. Μ
ρ
Φ+{∀
2
.   . ρΤ. Μ
Λ
+{/∀
2
.
 . Τρ. Μ
Λ
Φ+{∀
2
.   . Τρ. Μ

Λ
+{/∀
2
.
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.
2
β
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2
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2
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Λ
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β
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∀)%
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Ο(π5Φ(Ι∃/]#(45∗(6∗∀ϑ∴∀
∆

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 ∋ϑ2 ξΣ{/
0
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0
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/∋∗+/:∆7ε5Α/((45∗(6∗5(≅∗(∗∋/%Σ)∗Ε∃Θ∗+Ε}.
ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5Ε∃Θ∗+ϑ
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     ϑΜΜΛΚΤ∋

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0
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02

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Ν ρ
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∗
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(45∗∋/%Β∗Ε∃Θ∗+Ε}

β.0ΤξΣ. .0ΤξΣ. .0Τ.  .0ΤξΣ.
8Ω⊥Ε(Ι∃%89∗+/]#(45∗(6∗Σ Μ%≅ ΜΜ 2∋Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∗>5Ε)∗%≅∀

∗
ϑ ΜΜΚ∋
Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∆ΕΒ5Β∗%≅∀
∆
ϑ ΜΜΛ0∋&≅ ∋ϑ2 ξΣ{/
0
.ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5/]#(45∗(6∗
Σ Μ%≅
 β.ΚΤ220ξΣ. .ΚΤ220ξΣ. .ΜΚΤ220ξΣ. .ΚΤ220Σ.
8Ω⊥  () (45 ∗(6∗

 /Χ Φ(Ι∃ %89∗+ ΤΜΜ ρ∋. ∃µ5 ∀
Υ
 ϑ ΜΜΛ2∋ ∀
∗
 ϑ ΜΜΛ∋ ∋ϑ
2 ξΣ{/
0
.ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5Ε∃Θ∗+/]#(45

,Ξ∗+
 β.ΛρξΣ.  .0ΤξΣ. .Λ ξΣ.  .Λ Σ.
/81=<45>?



 !






Λ

8Ω⊥()(45∗(6∗Ε#∗∃τ

02
0
υ/ΧΦ(Ι∃%89∗+∀τυϑ02ΜΜΜΤ∋.∃µ5∀
Υ
ϑ ΜΜΛ2∋∀
∗
ϑ
ΜΜΛ∋ ∋ϑ2 ξΣ{/
0

β
ϑΚΜ00. Μ
02
.(∃5α∗+(9∆789/∀Ο5∀)%(45∗(6∗025(γ
∗ζ∗+%89∗+5)⊥Ε#%≅
 β. ΜΤ. Μ
0Λ
. . ΜΤ. Μ
0Λ
ξΣ.. ΜΜξΣ. . Τ. Μ
00
ξΣ.
8Ω⊥∀ΩΙ∆ΕΒ5Β∗/Χ5Ε)∗+ ρΤ+#∀


Κ

%≅,#)∗(∃Θ∋

β.Τ0. Μ
0Τ
. .ΚΜ02. Μ
02
. .Κ2Τ. Μ
02
. . ΤΤρ. Μ
0Τ
.
8Ω⊥  () ,∃µ5 Φ(Ι∃ %89∗+ ∀Ο5 ∗+∋ΠΘ∗ 5ς ο#7∃τ
ο#
00Κ

υ %≅ ∀το#υ ϑ 00ΚΜ0ρΤ∋ /]# (45
Σ%ΣΣ/5Ε)∗%≅∀
Σ
ϑΜΜΜΜρρ∋.Α∗ΦΓ∗((45∗(6∗789/ιΑ/7ϕ∗(,Ξ∗+/κ∗+5(Ζ/ΕϑΕ
Μ
.
2
β
ϑ
Τ. Μ
Ν ρ
2
β

τ∀υ.(Ι∃%89∗+Ε∃Θ∗+/]#(45∗(6∗ο#7∃%≅
 β. Τρ. Μ
ρ
Φ+{∀
2
.   . ρΤ. Μ
Λ
+{/∀
2
.

. Τρ. Μ
Λ
Φ+{∀
2
.   . Τρ. Μ
Λ
+{/∀
2
.
8Ω⊥!ΩΙ(45∗(6∗/Χ5Ε)∗+ +#∀

02
0
∗+∋ΠΘ∗/(:5%≅
 β.0ρ2. Μ
0
(45. .Κρρ. Μ
0
(45. .Τ 2. Μ

0
(45. . 2. Μ
0
(45.
8Ω⊥45∗(6∗∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς789//:∋54)5;
β./Α/∆ΕΒ5Β∗.
./Α/∗∋/%Β∗. ./Α/∗>5ΕΒ∗. ./Α/Θ%Σ/5ΕΒ∗.
8Ω⊥(?∗Φµ5%∋χ∗αβ,Φ(∃∗Χ∃&δ(45∗(6∗Ε∃5∃τ



υ
 β.45∗(6∗Ε∃5∃/Χ2∗>5ΕΒ∗&≅ ∆ΕΒ5Β∗.  
.45∗(6∗Ε∃5∃/Χ ∗>5ΕΒ∗&≅2∆ΕΒ5Β∗.

.45∗(6∗Ε∃5∃/Χ2∗∋/%Β∗5Ε)∗+7Χ/Χ ∆ΕΒ5Β∗. 
.45∗(6∗Ε∃5∃/Χ ∗>5ΕΒ∗&≅0∆ΕΒ5Β∗.
8Ω⊥≅[/(45∗(6∗%≅
 β.%[/5ψ∗(7∃Η∗.    .%[/%∃Θ∗Φµ5+∃<#/Α/∗∋/%Β∗.
 .%[/%∃Θ∗Φµ5+∃<#/Α/∆ΕΒ5Β∗.  .%[/%∃Θ∗Φµ5+∃<#/Α/∗>5ΕΒ∗.
8Ω⊥Β45∗(6∗∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς/(γ/Χ0∆ΕΒ5Β∗&≅ 0ρ∗>5ΕΒ∗.45∗(6∗∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς∗≅Π/ΧΦΓ
(∃Η∋%≅
 β.
Υ,
0ρ
0
.  .
Υ,
0ΜΛ
0

.  .
Υ,
0
0ρ
.  .
Υ,
0
0ΜΛ
.
8Ω⊥Ε(Ι∃%89∗+/]#(45∗(6∗789/5Γ∗(5(Σ)/Β∗+5(Ζ/∗≅)Ψ#∋76Π
 β.∀ϑ∴.∀
∆
3.∀
∗
.   .∀ϑβτ∀
∆
3∀
∗
υ.
 .∀ϑ∀
∗5
∴.∀
Σ
.   .∀ϑ∀
∆
3∀
∗
.
8Ω⊥Ε)∗+&χ5%Γ(45∗(6∗7ε7)Φ(Ι∃%89∗+5#/Χ5(εΡσ∗+7>∗&ϕ∗≅)Ψ#∋76Π
β.>∗&ϕΦ(Ι∃%89∗+∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ςτ∋υ(#Π7>∗&ϕ/Α/,)∗.

.ξΣ{/
0
.  .+.  .⊥β&≅.
8Ω⊥φΨΙ,Α∗ΦΓ∗(/]#(#∃(45∗(6∗ &≅0,Ξ∗+Ε

{Ε
0
ϑ0.φΨΙ∗ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ55Ε)∗+
(#∃(45∗(6∗7Χι:∆ιφ,Ξ∗+,#)∗(∃Θ∋

β..   .Τ.   .Κ.   .0.
8Ω⊥∀(Β∗+5∃∗∗≅)Ψ#∋76Π%≅χΥΜΦ(∃∗Χ∃&δ/Α/(45/:∋54)∗Θ∗(45∗(6∗∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς

β.Α/(45∆ΕΒ5Β∗&≅∗>5Ε)∗/ΧΦ(Ι∃%89∗+,Ξ∗+∗(#∋.
 .ΥΕΒ5Β∗∀#∗+7∃Η∗5Γ/(∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ΙΡ8>∗+.
 .>5Ε)∗5Ε∋∗+()≅&δ7∃Η∗.
 .ΩΙ∗>5Ε)∗&≅∆ΕΒ5Β∗5Ε)∗+(45∗(6∗/Χ5(εΦ(Α/∗(#∋.
8Ω⊥ 45∗(6∗∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς/]#/Α/∗+∋ΠΘ∗5Ι7κ∗+&ϕ%∋Β∗/Χ/σ∗+

β.ΨΙ∆ΕΒ5Β∗. .ΨΙ∗>5Ε)∗.  .ΨΙ∗∋/%Β∗. .Φ(Ι∃%89∗+.
8Ω⊥ ! Ε)∗+ /Α/7κ∗+ &ϕ/]# /##/,)∗ (45∗(6∗ /]#7κ∗+&ϕ ∗≅)/Χ ΨΙ∆ΕΒ5Β∗,Ξ∗+ ΨΙ
∗>5Ε)∗
 β.


.  .

0
.  .


2
.  .

Τ
.
 !







8Ω⊥≅Ε)∗+&χ5%Γ(45∗(6∗Ψ)&λ∃Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#7κ∗+&ϕ/#/,)∗

0
Κ
5(γ∀Ο57>∗&ϕΦ(Ι∃
%89∗+∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς∋∗(=(>∗
 β.
0

%_∗.  .
Κ

%_∗.  .Κ%_∗.  . 0%_∗.
8Ω⊥≅Ε)∗+(45∗(6∗,Α∗ΦΓ∗(5Α/Ρπ∗+/]#%[/(45∗(6∗&≅)Φ()⊥∗+
 β. Μ
Ν ρ
∀.  . Μ

Ν 2
∀.  . Μ
Ν 
∀.  . Μ
Ν0Λ
∀.
8Ω⊥≅≅>∗&ϕΦ(Ι∃%89∗+∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς%≅
 β.Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∀Ο5∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς(∃7ΕΒ.
 .Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∀Ο5∆ΕΒ5Β∗.
 .Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∀Ο5∗>5Ε)∗.

.Φ(Ι∃%89∗+,Ξ∗+ { 0Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∀Ο5∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς/#/,)∗.
8Ω⊥≅Β6∋∗≅)αβ,
 45∗(6∗

0
Κ

 β.∀#∗+7∃Η∗5Γ/(ΝΚΣ.   .∀#∗+7∃Η∗5Γ/( 0Σ.

.∀#∗+7∃Η∗5Γ/(3ΚΣ.   .Φ(Β∗+∀#∗+7∃Η∗5Γ/(.
8Ω⊥≅Ε(?∗/6∋αβ,.Ω)ΨΑ∗(Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#

2

&≅
Σ
2
0
.

 β.∀τ

2

υϑ∀τ
Σ
2
0
υ.   .∀τ

2

υ∀τ
Σ
2
0
υ.

.∀τ

2

υ∀τ
Σ
2
0
υ.   .∀τ

2

υϑ0∀τ
Σ
2
0
υ.
8Ω⊥≅45∗(6∗
#
02

/Χ
 β.02∆ΕΒ5Β∗&≅ ∗>5Ε)∗. 
. ∆ΕΒ5Β∗&≅ 0∗>5Ε)∗.
 .0∆ΕΒ5Β∗&≅ ∗>5Ε)∗.  . ∆ΕΒ5Β∗&≅02∗>5Ε)∗.
8Ω⊥ ≅() ,∃µ5 ∀
∆
 ϑ ΜΜΛ0ΛΚ∋ ∀
∗
 ϑ ΜΜΚΚρ∋ ∀τ
#
02

υ ϑ 00ΛΛ∋ ∀τ
#
00

υ ϑ
0 ΤΤΤ∋ ∋ϑ2 ξΣ{/
0
.ζ∗+%89∗+/_∗5(∃µ57ε,Ζ5∀Ο5∗>5Ε)∗Ε#Φ(=∃(45∗(6∗/]#
7κ∗+&ϕ

#
02

,Ξ∗+

β.ΛΚξΣ. . 0Τ0Σ. . 0Τ0ξΣ. . 0Τ0Σ.
8Ω⊥≅∀(?∗/6∋αβ,.Ε)∗+(45∗(6∗∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς
 β.∆ΕΒ5Β∗Φ(Β∗+∀#∗+7∃Η∗/ϖ∗∗>5Ε)∗∀#∗+∀Ο57∃Η∗5Γ/(∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ΙΡ8>∗+.
 .ΨΙΦ(Ι∃β/(Γ∗(%≅5α∗+ΨΙ/Α/∗∋/%Β∗.
 .,Α∗ΦΓ∗((45∗(6∗5φ%Η&λ∃/ζ∗,χ/(#∃/]#ΨΙΦ(Ι∃β.
 .∗∋/%Β∗%≅(45/Χ,⊥∗/(:5Φ(Α/&λ∃/Α/(45∆ΕΒ5Β∗&≅∗>5Ε)∗.
8Ω⊥≅ ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5Ε∃Θ∗+/]#∀Ο5(45∗(6∗
 β./Χ5(ε6∀()/Ρ8>∗+.   ./≅∗+∗(=5(γ/≅∗+,δ∗&<∗+.

./≅∗+%λ∗5(γ/≅∗+,δ∗&<∗+. ./≅∗+%λ∗5(γ/≅∗+Φ∀,δ∗&<∗+.
8Ω⊥≅!Ε)∗+/Α//6∋Ψ#∋76Π/6∋∗≅)χΥΜ
 β.45∗(6∗∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς789//:∋54)5;/Α/∆ΕΒ5Β∗&≅∗>5Ε)∗.
 .(∃∀Ο5(Η/Α/∗∋/%Β∗%∃Θ∗Φµ5∗(#∋54)5(≅∗((45∗(6∗5(γ/(θ∗+∆(⊥∃5)⊥Ε#∀Ο5
∗ζ∗+%89∗+∗≅)7Χ.
 .ξ?∃(45∗(6∗7δ∋/Χ/σ∗+Φ(Ι∃%89∗+Ε∃Θ∗+Φ()⊥∗+ Μ
Λ
Φ+{∀
2
.
 .Α/(45∗(6∗/ΧΨΙΦ(Ι∃/≅∗+%λ∗5(γ/≅∗+,δ∗&<∗+.
8Ω⊥Β∃5>5[∗(∃Θ∗/ΧΦ(Ι∃%89∗+∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς∀ϑ ΤΜΜΚΛΜ∋&≅+κ∀(#∃7κ∗+&ϕ/(Γ∗(%≅

Τ
Λ
 /Χ Φ(Ι∃ %89∗+ ∗+∋ΠΘ∗ 5ς ∀

 ϑ ΤΜΜ2ΜΛ∋ &≅

ρ
Λ
 /Χ Φ(Ι∃ %89∗+ ∗+∋ΠΘ∗ 5ς ∀
0
 ϑ
ρΜΜΜ ∋.φ%Η∆(_∗5Εζ∀/]#(#∃7κ∗+&ϕ7Χ5Ε)∗+∗∃5>5[∗(∃Θ∗%_∗%895%≅
 β.Μ2Κ

Τ
Λ
&≅ΚΤ

ρ
Λ
.  .ΚΤ

Τ
Λ
&≅Μ2Κ

ρ
Λ
. 
 .2Κ

Τ
Λ

&≅ΜΚΤ

ρ
Λ
.  .2Μ

Τ
Λ
&≅ΜΛΜ

ρ
Λ
. 
 !







8Ω⊥Β()(45∗(6∗∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς7>5ΣΕ∃/ΧΦ(Ι∃%89∗+0Μ 2Κ∋.(),∃µ5∀
Υ
ϑ ΜΜΛ2∋∀
∗

ϑ ΜΜΛ∋ ∋ϑ2 ξΣ{/
0
.ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5/]#(45∗(6∗7>5ΣΕ∃,Ξ∗+
 β.002ΤΣ.

.002ΤξΣ. .002ΤξΣ. .0Τ20ξΣ.
8Ω⊥Β≅()(45∗(6∗∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς∃5∃
∃
Λ
2
/ΧΦ(Ι∃%89∗+ΛΜ ΚΜ∋.(),∃µ5∀
Υ
ϑ ΜΜΛ2∋∀
∗

ϑ ΜΜΛ∋ ∋ϑ2 ξΣ{/
0
.ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5Ε∃Θ∗+/]#(45∗(6∗%∃5∃,Ξ∗+
 β.ρΤ 2ξΣ. .ρΤ 2Σ. .ρ2Τ ξΣ.
.ρΤ 2ξΣ.
8Ω⊥ΒΒ45∗(6∗∗≅)Ψ#∋76Π/Χ 0ρ∗>5Ε)∗
 β.
#
02

.  .

02
0
.  .
ο#
000
Κ
.  .
Υ)

0Μ
Τ
.
8Ω⊥ΒΕκ∗+&ϕ%≅

β./Α/∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς∀≅(45∗(6∗/Χ/σ∗+ΨΙ∆ΕΒ5Β∗∗(8∗+ΨΙΦ(Ι∃Φ(Α/∗(#∋.
 ./Α/∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς∀≅(45∗(6∗/Χ/σ∗+ΨΙ∗>5Ε)∗∗(8∗+ΨΙΦ(Ι∃Φ(Α/∗(#∋.
 ./Α/∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς∀≅(45∗(6∗/Χ/σ∗+ΨΙ∗Β5Ε)∗∗(8∗+ΨΙ∆ΕΒ5Β∗Φ(Α/∗(#∋.
 ./Α/∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς∀≅(45∗(6∗/Χ/σ∗+ΨΙ∗∋/%Β∗∗(8∗+Φ(Α/Φ(Ι∃%89∗+.
8Ω⊥Β4∃%89∗+∗≅)7/5Ε8∗+/()∀Ζ/7Ο,δ∗&<∗+/]#∀Ο5(45∗(6∗
 β.ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5.   .ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5Ε∃Θ∗+.
 .ΩΙ(45∆ΕΒ5Β∗.    .ΩΙ(45∗∋/%Β∗.
8Ω⊥Β(),∃µ5∗ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5Ε∃Θ∗+/]#/Α/(45∗(6∗


0

2
&≅
Τ
%_∗%895%≅
ΛΚ2ξΣΛΚΛξΣ 0Τ0ξΣ&≅ρΤ ξΣ.45∗(6∗Φ∀,δ∗&<∗+∗(:5%≅
 β.

.  .
2
.  .
0
.  .
Τ

.
8Ω⊥Β∀ΩΙ∗∋/%Β∗5Ε)∗+(45∗(6∗
ο#
000
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 β.Κ. 
.000.  . 2Κ.  .2Μ.
8Ω⊥Β ΩΙ∗>5Ε)∗5Ε)∗+(45∗(6∗

02
0
%≅,#)∗(∃Θ∋
 β.0.  .02. 
. ΤΚ.  .22Μ
8Ω⊥ Β! 45  /Χ Φ(Ι∃ %89∗+ ΤΜΜ ρ∋ ,∃µ5 ΨΙ β&Β+#7ΕΒ 
β
 ϑ ΚΜ0. Μ
02
∀)%
Ν
 ∋ ϑ 2 
ξΣ{/
0
.Α/∗∋/%Β∗Φµ5(9∆&λ∃∗(#∋54)5(≅∗((45∗ζ∗+%89∗+5=#Ε#Φ(∃54)5(≅∗( ∀)%
Φ(ΓΘ%∃%≅
β.
0Λ. Μ
0
.  .2ρ. Μ

0
. .0Λ. Μ
Μ
. .2ρ. Μ
Μ
.
8Ω⊥Ε∃µ5/Α/∗ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5/]#%8∋(∋∗(Ω20/ΕΒ∀Ερ0∋Ε#∗∃025(Σ)5(Ζ5[
%≅0ΛΜξΣΤΤΛξΣ ΛρξΣ.ηΠΨ∆ιµ∆/Α/(45∗(6∗:Π5(Σ)5(Ζ5[7Ο,δ∗&<∗+5ζ∗+
%Θ∗
 β.ΩΕ.
.ΩΕ. .ΕΩ. .ΩΕ.
8Ω⊥Εζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5Ε∃Θ∗+/]#(45∗(6∗/Χ+∃Α5Εϕ
 β.+∃Ι∗+∗(#∋&λ∃∀?∃(45∗(6∗.  .%λ∗∗(:57Ι∃&λ∃/Α/(45∗(6∗∗∗+.
 .%λ∗∗(:57Ι∃&λ∃/Α/(45∗(6∗∗(.
.%λ∗∗(:57Ι∃&λ∃/Α/(45∗(6∗5Ε∋∗+,γ∗(.
8Ω⊥Ε≅ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5/]#/Α/(45∗(6∗

0


Τ
0
Σ

Σ
ρΚ
0Κ
&≅

02ρ

0
%_∗%895%≅000ξΣ
02ξΣΤ0ξΣ&≅ ΛΚ.45∗(6∗Φ∀,δ∗&<∗+∗(:5%≅
 β.

0

.  .
Τ
0
Σ
.  .
Σ
ρΚ
0Κ
.  .

02ρ
0
.
8Ω⊥ΕΒ45∗(6∗7>5ΣΕ∃

0

/ΧΦ(Ι∃%89∗+0Μ 2Κ∋.∃µ5Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∆ΕΒ5)∗%≅ ΜΜΛ2∋
&≅Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∗>5Ε)∗%≅ ΜΜΛ∋.ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5/]#(45∗(6∗

0

%≅

β.ΜΚΛξΣ.  . ΚξΣ. .0Μ0ξΣ. .
002ξΣ.
8Ω⊥ΕΕ45∗(6∗
)
ΚΜ
0Λ
/Χ/:∋54)+κ∀
β.22∆ΕΒ5)∗&≅0Λ∗>5Ε)∗.   .0Λ∆ΕΒ5)∗&≅ΚΜ∗>5Ε)∗.
.0Λ∆ΕΒ5)∗&≅22∗>5Ε)∗.  .22∆ΕΒ5)∗&≅0Λ∗>5Ε)∗.
 !





Μ

8Ω⊥Ε45∗(6∗
)
ΚΜ
0Λ
/ΧΦ(Ι∃%89∗+%≅ρρΤΜ∋.∃µ5Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∆ΕΒ5)∗%≅ ΜΜΛ2∋&≅
Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∗>5Ε)∗%≅ ΜΜΛ∋.Ο(π5Φ(Ι∃/]#(45∗(6∗
)
ΚΜ
0Λ
%≅
β.
ΤρΤΤ∋.  .Τρ2Κ∋.  .2 ρΤ∋.  .2Κ2Λ∋.
8Ω⊥Ε45∗(6∗

)
ΚΜ
0Λ
/ΧΦ(Ι∃%89∗+%≅ρρΤΜ∋.∃µ5Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∆ΕΒ5)∗%≅ ΜΜΛ2∋&≅
Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∗>5Ε)∗%≅ ΜΜΛ∋.ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5Ε∃Θ∗+/]#(45∗(6∗
)
ΚΜ
0Λ
%≅
β.ΛΜρξΣ.  .ΛΜΤξΣ. .ΤξΣ. .ρΤΤξΣ.
8Ω⊥Ε∀:∋54)/]#∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς

0
Κ
+κ∀
 β.Κ∆ΕΒ5Β∗Κ∗>5Ε)∗. 
 .Κ∆ΕΒ5Β∗Κ∗>5Ε)∗ΚΣ%Σ/5Ε)∗.
 .Κ∆ΕΒ5Β∗ 0∗>5Ε)∗.   .Κ∆ΕΒ5Β∗ 0∗>5Ε)∗ΚΣ%Σ/5Ε)∗.
8Ω⊥Ε Υ(Α5,∃ε∋∗≅)Ψ#∋76Π%≅αβ,
β.ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5+κ∀7Ο∗+∗ζ∗+&≅∗ζ∗+%89∗+∗+(φ.
.
ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5%≅∗ζ∗+%89∗+5=#Ε#Φ(∃/Α/∗∋/%)∗%∃Θ∗Φµ5&λ∃∗(#∋54)5(≅∗(
(45∗(6∗
.
.ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5%≅∗ζ∗+%89∗+5)≅∗∆(_∗/]#∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς5Γ∗(5Ε∋∗+,γ∗(5ΕΘ∗ΨΙ
∗∋/%)∗.
.ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5%≅∗ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Θ∗Φµ5/Α/Σ%Σ/5Ε)∗&≅(45∗(6∗∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς.
8Ω⊥Ε!+∋ΠΘ∗5ς∆Β%Β∗∃
0 Μ
Τ

Υ)/Χ7∃Η∗5Γ/(%≅
β.0 ΜΣ. . 0ΚΣ.  .ΤΣ.
.Μ.
8Ω⊥Υ(Α5,∃ε∋∗≅)Ψ#∋76Π%≅αβ,.κ∗+&ϕ%≅/Α/∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς∀≅
 β.(45∗(6∗/]#/(θ∗+/ΧΨΙΦ(Ι∃β,Ξ∗+∗(#∋. 

.(45∗(6∗/]#/(θ∗+/ΧΨΙ∆ΕΒ5Β∗,Ξ∗+∗(#∋ΨΙ∗>5Ε)∗Φ(Α/∗(#∋.
 .(45∗(6∗/]#/(θ∗+/ΧΨΙ∗>5Ε)∗,Ξ∗+∗(#∋ΨΙ∆ΕΒ5Β∗Φ(Α/∗(#∋.
 .(45∗(6∗/]#/(θ∗+/ΧΦ(Ι∃%89∗+,Ξ∗+∗(#∋.
8Ω⊥45∗(6∗∗≅)/Χ∗ζ∗+%89∗+%∃Η∗Φµ5Ε∃Θ∗+%λ∗∗(:5
 β.Ε#∗∃.  .Ω5.  .ΣΨ∃.  .∴∃Ε∃/)∗∃.

?≅9ΑΒΧ∀∆
ΕΕΦ
,,.
− ≅8 Βδ Εδ 8 − ∀δ 8 !δ −
8 ≅− Β− Ε8 0 δ ∀δ  δ !− ≅0
≅δ ≅≅0 ≅Β8 ≅Ε8 ≅− ≅δ ≅∀− ≅ 8 ≅!0 Β−
Β− Β≅0 ΒΒ0 ΒΕδ Β− Β0 Β∀− Β 8 Β!δ Ε−
Ε0 Ε≅− ΕΒ0 ΕΕ8 Εδ Εδ Ε∀− Ε − Ε!0 −
−





8;<≅Α/>

 !









(=Γ34ΗΙ+
 Υ(Χ∗+ι4%≅(∃Η∗589∗+∀Ο5(45∗(6∗Φ(Β∗+,δ∗&<∗+5[∆(Α5∆(6∗Εη∆(Α5Ε#/Α/5∃#∆(Χ∗+
ι4&≅,∃µ∗7α∃5(≅∗((45∗(6∗Φ(Α/.
 ∋Α5Εγ∗(∆(6∗Εη∆(Χ∗+ι4/(φΡ)/Α/∗+∋ΠΘ∗∗(6∗,Θ∗5Ε)∗++6ΠΕ#&≅()≅∗5)≅∗Φ(Β∗+
∆(π5(∋Ο/&≅)/Α/5Α/7Ο∗+,Θ∗∗+)≅∃∗(8∗(∃Η57ΟΑ∆Ψ∋:5
 +8ω∃5#ν∋Π8λ/+?∃(45∗(6∗∆(Χ∗+ι4%≅(45∗(6∗∀&≅(45∗(6∗∆(6∗Εη%≅(45∗(6∗
/)∗.
()∀ΗΙ+
ΥΜΥ


 
 



.
(<∗+5Γ∗(/(:5/]#5∃#
3ϕ%Η/(5Ε)∗+7∃Η∗5Ε8ω∗+5;5Ε8ω∗+.
3Υ(Χ∗+Ε#5;(45∗(6∗∆(Χ∗+ι4&λ∃5Ι/7ΟΦ()⊥∗+0. Μ
Λ
∀{Ψ.
3ΧΦ(⊥∗ζ∗+∃Β∗()Α∀4∗(/Α/∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς5ΕΘ∗78ω∗+7∃∀:5∗ζ∗+%89∗+∗(#∗(Ρ)7Χ

∗Χ/(φ7∃789/
5Ι∃7#%≅/∀5Ε)∗+Φ(Β∗+Φ(ΓΦ(⊥∗ζ∗+76∀ι∋ΠΘ∗Πµ∋Φ(Β∗+ι∋ΠΘ∗ν∋#789/5:∀,γ#
Ρ≅Π/ ∀∀.
ΨΜΥ

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      
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     
     
  
     


(<∗+5Γ∗(/(:5/]#5∃#
3ϕ%Η/(5Ε)∗+7∃Η∗5Ε8ω∗+5;5Ε8ω∗+∗(∃δ∋(>∗5∃#

.
3Υ(Χ∗+Ε#5;(45∗(6∗&λ∃5Ι/7Ο+_∗,Ξ∗+5Ι/7ΟΑ∗(Ψ#∗+.
3ΧΦ(⊥∗ζ∗+∃Β∗()Α∀Β∃5Ε8ω∗+∗(8∗+Πµ∋(>∗5∃#5∃#/ΧΦ(⊥∗ζ∗+7∃ν∋η∗+
78ω∗+Ρ≅∃(>∗5Ε)∗+Φ(Β∗+Φ(Γτ/&≅∃∀υ&γ&χΠΦ(⊥∗ζ∗+76∀ι∋ΠΘ∗/]#5∃#∀4∗((>∗
5∃#∗Χ/Χ5(ει∋ΠΘ∗ν∋#5:∀∗(Β∀Ρ≅Π&≅∃∀∀.
 ! ∀#∃!%& ∋(∋! )#∗∋+(∗∋,
ΜΥ
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⊥∗/(:5%≅ΨΧ∗+7∃Η∗5;/Χ,8λ/ΨΧ∗+/[/∗+∗
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/∗+%≅(45∆()5)∗/Χ∗ζ∗+
%89∗+/#).
(<∗+5Γ∗(/(:5/]#5∃#
3(Β∗+,ϕ%Η/(5Ε)∗+7∃Η∗5Ε8ω∗+5;5Ε8ω∗+.
3Υ(Χ∗+Ε#&λ∃5Ι/7Ο,Ξ∗+5Ι/7ΟΑ∗(ΨΑ∗+.
3ΧΦ(⊥∗ζ∗+∃Β∗()Α∀Β∃5Ε8ω∗+&≅Φ(⊥∗ζ∗+76∀ι∋ΠΘ∗/[/∀4∗(.
(/ϑΗΙ+
 Ε)∗+ν∋Α5Εγ∗(∆(6∗ΕηΨΙ(45∗(6∗∆(Χ∗+ι4+∃⊥∀5(Σ)5(ω∃+∃#∗5(Σ)7ϕ∗(%∋χ5(≅∀∀
&λ∃ΨΙ∀6∀.
 Α//Β∗+5(Ζ/,∃ε∋5(ϕ7ϕ∗(%∋χ5∆(Χ∗+ι4
τ5υϑ

)

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0
ϑ
)
Σ
Ν5
&≅∀τ5υϑ∀
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0
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Σ
Ν5
.
 λ∃ϑ


Κ2Μ0%∗

+?∃%≅(Ξ∗+ΨΙ∆(Χ∗+ι4+?∃%≅/(∋Φγ,Α∗ΕηΨ#∋Φ()⊥∗+5(ω∃+∃#∗
ΨΙ%89∗+(45∗(6∗/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4/ϖ∗%4∃ρΜτρΜΨΙ%89∗+(45∗(6∗,ϕ∆(6∗Εηυ.
(:ΗΙ+
 Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#∀Ο5%89∗+/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι454∃5(ω∃7∃ε∀5,Ξ∗+5Γ/(/]#(Ξ∗+ΨΙ∆(Χ∗+ι4
&≅ΨΙ%89∗+(45∗(6∗∆(Χ∗+ι4/(Ζ#5Ε)∗+%89∗+/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4&≅)5(ω∃7∃ε∀7Χ.

 !




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0
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ϑϑ
)
Σ
Ν5
ϑ
)
Σ
Ν5
ϑ
)


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0
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 Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#∀Ο5%89∗+/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4+∃⊥∀5(Σ)5(ω∃+∃#∗5(Σ)/σ∗+ν∋Π%∋χ5(≅∀∀
+∃Ι∗+∗(8ΨΙ(45∗(6∗τΨΙ∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ςυ/]#∗Χ.
 >∗&ϕ7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4%≅,Σ//>ΕΣ∗τνυ νϑ ∆(6∗Εη{+∃6Π.Ε)∗+5([/5µ∗+8ω∃5#/ϖ∗
Ρσ∗+∀Ο57>∗&ϕΦ(Α/%≅/∋Ε∃τ∃υ ∃ϑ2Λ. Μ
Μ
νι:∆ιψ,Ξ∗+7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#∀Ο5+#∀
Ε#7∃.

(./ΗΙ+
 +)≅∃/Α/7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4/ΧΨ∗5Ε)∗+5(∃Θ∗∗(∃Θ∗+?∃%≅7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι45[∗(∃Θ∗
∗+8ω∃5#/∗+/(µ54)789/∗(∃δ∋7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4+?∃%≅7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4∗(6∗54).Α/
7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4∗(6∗54)5(8ω∗+5(:Π5(∋Ο/%)4∃∆(6∗Εη&≅.Α/7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#
∀Ο5∗+∋ΠΘ∗5Ι(Χ#(?//Χ/σ∗+5Γ∗(/(:5(Χ#(?/∗(87κ∗+&ϕ,δ∗/]#∗+∋ΠΘ∗5Ι7Χ.
 ∗+Ρπ∗+κ∗+&ϕ
ΚΜ
0Λ
)∆(Χ∗+ι45∃#Ρσ∗+7εΨ)∃Φ(∋Πµ55χ5/(∃5∃µ5∀ΑΠΡ∃Η5Φ(∋∼∗
7ε,⊥)&Η∗Β∗+Ψ⊥∗/(<#∋∗+5(8.Α/7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4




789/+?∃%≅∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς7Α∗(
Ρ:Π/()∆(∆5#Φ(⊥)ΨΑ5Ψ[5κ∗54∃Ψ[∆(6∗,ΙΨ[&χ∗/(∋Πε∗/]#∗+∋ΠΘ∗5Ι.Υ(8>∗+
∆(Α∆∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς7Α∗+Ρ:∋/Χ∗(∃δ∋Ζ∗+Ρπ∗+ν∋#∗5Ε?∗+5Ε)∗+Ψ∃∗((?/(Χ#(?/Π(?/ .
κ∗+&ϕ/#/,)∗
Τ
Κ
∆(Χ∗+ι45∃#
Ν
/Χ/(∋Φ,Α∗ΕηρΛ2Μ∗ζ∀789/Ρσ∗+7ε7ϕ∗(5∋α∃/Α/
&χ5/α.



 01234567849:;<:=4
∗Κ,Λ
εφ⊥γηιϕ⊥γκΤΥχλµ,νς

3Υ(Χ∗+ι4τ
Τ
0
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υ
Τ Τ
0 0
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
Ω)&λ∃(45∗(6∗∀(45∗(6∗/)∗%σ∃0Β5Ε)∗+,⊥∗+5∋_∗()≅∗&≅/ΧΨΙΦ(Ι∃+∃⊥∀Τ7>∗
&ϕ.
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Ν
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Μ

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3Ω)&λ∃(45∗(6∗∀(45∗(6∗/)∗5∃µ∗ Β5Ε)∗+,⊥∗+5∋_∗()≅∗&≅/Χ/σ∗+ΨΙΦ(Ι∃.
3([//(:5/]#∆(Χ∗+ι4
Ν
%≅∀Ο5(45∗>5ΕΒ∗,∃µ∗5(≅∗( (45∆ΕΒ5Β∗ (45Σ%Σ/5ΕΒ∗&≅
∀Ο5(45∗>5Ε∃∗Β
   
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  
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Ν⊥∗/(:5τ5([//(:5υ/]#5∃#∆(Χ∗+ι4
Ν
%≅(45Σ%Σ/5ΕΒ∗τΣ
Ν
υ
 Ν45∗>5Ε∃∗ΒτυΦ(Β∗+∀#∗+7∃Η∗Φ(Β∗+Φ(Ι∃%89∗+τ()/Ε:5∗(=υ/(∋Πε∗7Ο∗+
&λ∃&χ∗5Ι//]#Α∗(ΨΑ∗+&≅(_∋∗(8Φ(Β∗+58>∗+5Α/&λ∃&χ5/(:5.
3Υ(Χ∗+ι4
3
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υ
Μ

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Ω)&λ∃(45∗(6∗∀(45∗(6∗/)∗%σ∃ Β5Ε)∗+,⊥∗+5∋_∗()≅∗&≅/Χ/σ∗+ΨΙΦ(Ι∃.
3([//(:5/]#∆(Χ∗+ι4
3
%≅ (45∆ΕΒ5Β∗,∃µ∗5(≅∗( (45∗>5ΕΒ∗ (45∆Β∃5ΕΒ∗&≅ 
(45∗>5Ε∃∗Β
   
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02
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∆(Χ∗+ι4%λ∗(>∗∀Ζ//()∆(∆%≅ΚΤ%_∗.(ω∃+∃#∗5Ι∃5(∃ε∋7ε5#/Χ5(ε%≅∀&∃Η/#∗5)≅∗
&λ∃∗+∋κ∗∆(Χ∗+ι4∗≅Π%≅
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?∃%≅7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4#∗5)≅∗/()/)∗∗+8ω∃.4∃5ϑΜ
Μ
ϑΚΤ

Ω#∋5(ω∃+∃#∗

57Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4|∀Ζ/#∗5)≅∗Φ(∃7Χ

ϑϑ

5
0.
Μ


(∋789/

5ϑ 0
(



] >441⊥:∆1⊥42_ας41;412:1Π34ΑΒ
1=Γ
ΝΓ∗(ΨΙ(457∃Η∗5Γ/(,Ζ/ι45Ε)∗+5τΨυϑΨΙ(45∗(6∗∀7η∆(6∗Εη.

]ρ
Μ Μ
τ υ

    


    

ϑ7∃Η∗5Γ/(
. . . .
;  3∋ ∋  
  

ϑ5Γ∗((∃Η∋7∃Η∗5(µϑ
;


&λ∃/%≅7∃Η∗Ρ∋∗+/]#5π

0





 !














=>% .Ε8ω∗+


8Ω⊥(:5ο#7)∗τ


υ∆(6∗Εη5(≅∗(ΥΒ%Β∗∃τ


υ&λ∃/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη%≅2∗+≅Π.ξ∃
Φ(Ι∃%89∗+0Μ+/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4∗≅ΠΨ#∋ΛΚ∗+≅ΠΨ}/ϖ∗%4∃
β. Μ+.  .ρ+.  .0ρ+.  .Μρ+.
8Ω⊥≅(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4

Τ
Κ
/Χ/(∋Φγ,Α∗ΕηρρΛΜ∗ζ∀.(Ι∃%89∗+

Τ
Κ

/Χ7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4ρΜ∃
,Ξ∗+
β. Μ+.  . Μ∀+.  . Μ+.  . Μ∀+.
8Ω⊥Β(ω∃+∃#∗,Α∗Εη/]#
ΩΕ
Μ
2
%≅ϑ0Μ∗ζ∀.Ω#∋Μ∗ζ∀ΨΙ∆(_∗5Εζ∀(45∗(6∗/ϖ∗%4∃
/(8#∆(6∗Εη,Ξ∗+

β.Κ0ρ.  . 0ρ.  .0ρ.  .ρΜ.
8Ω⊥ΕΟ∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#2∀+
)
ΚΜ
0Λ
%≅2Τ ∃.(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη/]#
)
ΚΜ
0Λ
%≅
 β.20∗ζ∀.  . ρΚ∗ζ∀. .Τ∗ζ∀.
 .ρ0Τ∗ζ∀.
8Ω⊥ξΟ5%89∗+/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4Ψ#∋Τ0∗ζ∀5(γ/ϖ∗%4∃ {Φ(Ι∃%89∗+,#∗7_∋/]#∗Χ.(∋
Φγ,Α∗Εη/]#/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι47Χ%≅
 β.ρ0ρ∗ζ∀. . Τ∗ζ∀.  .0 ∗ζ∀.  . 0Κ∗ζ∀.
8Ω⊥ξΟ5∀∼∋/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4Ε#7Β∗το∗000υ/ΧΦ(Ι∃%89∗+,#∗7_∋%≅∀
Μ
ϑ ∀+.Ω#∋ ρ0
∗+≅Π7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#∀∼∋+∃⊥∀2Λρ.(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη/]#Ε#7Β∗∗(χ∗+∃Α5Εϕ∗≅)Ψ#∋76Π
 β.0ρ∗+≅Π.

.2∗+≅Π. . ∗+≅Π.  .Λ0∗+≅Π.
8Ω⊥∀Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4


/]#∀Ο5589∗++,Ξ∗+Μ%_∗7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#∀Ο5Φ(θ/+/σ∗+
Φ(Ι∃%89∗+&;#∀λ∃/(5.∃µ5/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη/]# Τ,Ξ∗+ρΚΜΜ∗ζ∀.∋α∃/]#589∗++%≅
 β. 0ΜΜ∗ζ∀. .0ΜΜΜ∗ζ∀. .0ρΜΜ∗ζ∀.
. Μ2∗ζ∀.
8Ω⊥ (∃∆(6∗5Γ/(∀Ο5∀∼∋+∗+8ω∃5#ιΑ/7ϕ∗(789/ΕΞ∗+ΛρΨΙ∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς7κ∗+&ϕ
∆(Χ∗+ι4

Τ
Κ
7η,ϕ∆(6∗Εη5(≅∗(/Α/∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς

Τ
Λ
.∃µ5/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη/]#

Τ
Κ
%≅ϑρρΛΜ
∗ζ∀.∋α∃/]#∀∼∋+∗≅Π%≅

β. ΚΛ Τ∗ζ∀. . ΛΜΜΜ∗ζ∀. . Κ ΜΜ∗ζ∀. . ΚΛ Τ∗+≅Π.
8Ω⊥!ΥΒ%Β∗∃τ
Υ)
0 Μ
Τ
υ%≅/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4∆(Α5Ε#(45


&≅,∃µ∗5(≅∗((45∗(6∗(γτΥ,υ.Υ)/Χ
/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη%≅ 2∗+≅Π.#∗7_∋/Χ Φ+/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι45ΕΘ∗.=∃Ψ#∋,#)%6∋%89∗+/(:55ΕΘ∗
,ϕ∆(6∗ΕηΚΛρ+
 β.ΚΜ∗+≅Π. .Τ Τ∗+≅Π. .ΚΜ+∃ω.  .0 0∗+≅Π.
8Ω⊥∆Ρπ∗+∆(8>∗+∆(Α∆Ρσ∗+7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4

Τ
Κ
7δ7ϕ∗(5∋α∃/]#/Α//α&χ5.µ5
ν∋⊥7)/()5(:Π7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#∀Ο5589∗+/α,Ξ∗++Φ(Ι∃%89∗+∀%≅Τν.Ε)∗+Φ(∃7Χ
7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#∀Ο5∀∼∋+Φ(Ι∃%89∗+0∀/]#∀Ο5/6Π&;#∀λ∃789//(5%≅ Μν.:Π
ϑρρΛΜ∗ζ∀.∋α∃/]#589∗+/α∗≅Π%≅
 β. ΛΤ∗ζ∀. . ΛΤ∗+≅Π. . ΛΜΜ∗ζ∀. . ΛΤ∗ζ∀.
8Ω⊥  ξΟ5 ∀⊥∗(+ /α /Χ7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4 /]#

Τ
Κ
 %≅2∆(6∗ Εη{∆(θ5. ξΟ5%89∗+ +58>∗+
78>∗+ /()5(:Π 5Ι/7Ο7µ∀ι∋∗+ %≅ Τι∋∗+{∆(θ5. ∃µ5 ΕΞ∗+/(∋ Φγ,Α∗Εη /]#

Τ
Κ
%≅ ϑ
ρρΛΜ∗ζ∀.∋α∃/]#∀⊥∗(+%≅

β. 0ΤΜΜ∗ζ∀. . 0ΤΜΜ∗+≅Π. . Τ0ΜΜ∗ζ∀. . 2ρΜΜ∗ζ∀.
8Ω⊥≅∃#∆(Χ∗+ι476∀ι∋ΠΘ∗Πµ∋∗(:5%≅ 
8;<≅Α/>




 !





0Μ

 β.5∃#

.  .5∃#

.  .5∃#

.  .5∃#.
8Ω⊥Β?∃∀
Μ
%≅Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4|5(ω∃7∃ε∀,#∗7_∋5ϑΜ∀%≅Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/(:5
∆(Χ∗+ι4|5(ω∃7∃ε∀5/(?∗,∃ε∋5(Ζ/αβ,
β.∀ϑ∀
Μ
Σ
Ν
5

. .∀
Μ
ϑ0∀Σ

5

. .∀ϑ∀
Μ
Σ
5

. .∀ϑ
0

∀
Μ
Σ
Ν
5

.
8Ω⊥Ε(?∗∆(Α5,∃ε∋αβ,Φ(∃∗Χ∃&δ7ϕ∗(%∋χ5∆(Χ∗+ι4
β.Ω#∋∀∃/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη∀Ο5∗ς#%89∗+/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι47η,ϕ,∃µ∗7α∃5(≅∗(/(:5Φ(Α/.
.Ω#∋∀∃/(∋Φγ,Α∗ΕηΨΧ(45∆(Χ∗+ι4+∃⊥∀7∃∀Ο5∗ς#.
.Ω#∋∀∃/(∋Φγ,Α∗ΕηΦ(Ι∃%89∗+/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4+∃⊥∀7∃/(φ/ϖ∗∀Ο5∗ς#.
.⊥β7δ∋7θ∗+.
8Ω⊥Υ(Α5,∃ε∋∗≅)Ψ#∋76Π%≅Ρσ,αβ,
 β.45


&≅(45


/ΧΦ(Ι∃%89∗+,Ξ∗+∗(#∋.


.45


&≅(45


789/∆(Χ∗+Ε#5;/σ∗+∀Ο57κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4.
 .(∃7∃ν∋#7∃Η∗5Ε8ω∗++∃<#(#∃,⊥∗5π(45


&≅(45


,ϕ%Η/(&δ(#∃∆(Γ#Φ(Α/
∗(#∋.
 .45


&≅(45


789/∆(Χ∗+Ε#/Χ5Ι/7Ο,Ξ∗+∗(#∋τ+_∗,Ξ∗+5Ι/7ΟΑ∗(ΨΑ∗+υ.
8Ω⊥Υ(Α5,∃ε∋∗≅)Ψ#∋76Παβ,
 β.[/+6ΠΕ#∆(Χ∗+ι4(45∗(6∗%≅%[/58>∗+5Α/7∃Η∗τ%[/∋%Β∗+υ.
 .∋Α5Εγ∗(∆(Χ∗+ι4(45∗(6∗∆(π5(∋Ο/&≅)7∃δ∋Φ∃Η∗,Θ∗∗+)≅∃∗(8Α∆Ψ∋:5∗(∃Η5
7Ο
 .Ε)∗+∆(Χ∗+ι4(45∗(6∗Φ(Ι∃%89∗+789/,⊥)5)≅∗.

.Υ(Χ∗+ι4(45∗(6∗%≅∀Ο5Ρ4∗+∆(⊥∗Ζ∗+(45∗(6∗5)⊥∗ζ∗+%89∗+.

8Ω⊥∀Χ(#∃∀∼∋/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4&≅∗(8∗(#∋τ/σ∗+∀Ο5&χ5%∃Η∋&≅/σ∗+Φ(Ι∃%89∗+υ
/Χ/σ∗+/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη%≅.4∃5(ω∃7∃ε∀ν∋#∗ΨΑ5(#∃∀∼∋%_∗%895/Χ7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4%≅

&≅


.µ∋/Χ5∋α∃%λ∗(>∗5(γ(∃Η∋5∋α∃/]#/(θ∗+%≅
 β.
0
%∗
υ{%∗τ.

. .
0
%∗
υ{%∗τ.

. .
υ{%∗τ.



. .
υ{%∗τ.



.
8Ω⊥ (ω∃+∃#∗


7εΨΙ(45∗(6∗∀Ο5∀∼∋7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4+∃⊥∀Σ%_∗+?∃%≅5∋α∃ΨΙ∗+
5Ε∋∗+,γ∗(/]#∀∼∋7ΧτΣ%≅/>ΨΙ5[∗(∃Θ∗υ.Ω[%∃Θ∗(Η+∃<#

&≅

5()⊥∀η∗(Η5(Ζ/∗≅)Ψ#∋
76Π
 β.



.  .

ϑ

{0.  .

ϑ {

.  .

ϑ0

.
8Ω⊥!ΩΙ(45

&≅

789/∆(Α5Ε#5Ε)∗+∆(6∗Εη∆(Χ∗+ι4 
0ΜΜ

Μ
 
Κ
Μ
%≅
 β.Κ&≅.  .&≅.  .Κ&≅Κ. 
.&≅Κ.
8Ω⊥≅4∃5(ω∃7∃ε∀5

7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#∀Ο5∀∼∋/(:5%≅ι&≅|5(ω∃7∃ε∀5
0
%≅Π.µ∋/(∋
Φγ,Α∗Εη/]#∀∼∋%≅5(γΨΙ(45∗(6∗∆(6∗Εη5Ε)∗+Φ()⊥∗+5(ω∃+∃#∗5
0
5

%≅
 β.ιΠ.  .τιΝΠυ%∗0{.
.τιΝΠυ{%∗0. .ι5

Π5
0
.
8Ω⊥≅ο#Ρ∃∋∀/Χ/(∋Φγ∆(Χ∗+ι4%≅0Μ∆(θ5.ξΟ5∀∼∋ο#Ρ∃∋∀/ΧΦ(Ι∃%89∗+%≅0+.
Ω#∋ +∃ωΤΜ∆(θ5%89∗+/(:57η∆(6∗Εη∗(χ∗+∃Α5Εϕ∗≅)Ψ#∋76Π
β.ΜΜΚ0ρ+. 
. 2Λρ+.  . 0ρΜ+.  . 2ΛρΦ+.
8Ω⊥≅≅Ω#∋ ∗ζ∀%89∗+,#∗7_∋/]#∀Ο5∀∼∋7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4+∃⊥∀7∃2%_∗.Ω#∋0∗ζ∀
Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∀∼∋7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4+∃⊥∀7∃,#)∗(∃Θ∋%_∗
β.%_∗.  .Κ%_∗.  . 0%_∗.  .Τρ%_∗.

8Ω⊥≅ΒΩ#∋0+∃ω7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#∀Ο5Φ(Ι∃/(:5+∃⊥∀Τ%_∗/(∋Φγ/]#/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι47Χ
∗(χ∗+∃Α5Εϕ∗≅)Ψ#∋76Π
β.0+∃ω.  . ρ+∃ω.  .2+∃ω.  . +∃ω.
 !





0

8Ω⊥≅Ε(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη/]#/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4%≅0ρ∗ζ∀.Ω#∋ ∗ζ∀5φΨΙ+∃<#ΨΙ(45∗(6∗/ϖ∗%4∃
&≅ΨΙ(45∗(6∗,#∗7_∋%≅
 β.ΜΤ.  .Μ0Τ0. 
.ΜΛρ.  .ΜΜ0.
8Ω⊥≅ξΟ57κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4β%θ/7_∋/Χ
Μ
ϑ0Κ. Μ
Κ
(45∗(6∗.Ε)∗++∃ω7_∋∆(Α5Ε#
00. Μ
ρ
5∃#∆(Χ∗+ι4.(∋Φ,Α∗Εη/]#7κ∗+&ϕβ%≅
 β.+∃ω.  .+∃ω2Μ∆(θ5. .+∃ω ρ∆(θ5.
.+∃ω ∆(θ5.
8Ω⊥≅Β,#∗τ



υ/Χ/(∋Φγ∆(Χ∗+ι4%≅ Κ{2∗ζ∀&≅,∃µ∗5(≅∗(




Φ(Ι∃%89∗+,#∗7_∋
/]#/Β,#∗%≅ Φ+.(Ι∃%89∗+/Β,#∗7η∆(6∗ΕηΨ#∋ Κ∗ζ∀%≅
 β.Λρ+.  . 0ρ+.  .ρΜΜ+.  . 0ρΜ+.
8Ω⊥≅∀(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη/]#)ΚΜ,Ξ∗++_∗ρ∗ζ∀.Ω#∋ Μ∗ζ∀5;∀Ο5∗+∋κ∗)ΚΜ/ΧΦ(Ι∃
%89∗+ +Ψ}/ϖ∗%4∃,#)∗(∃Θ∋+#∀
 β.Μ Μ+.  .Μ0ρ+.  .ΜρΜ+.  .ΜΛρ+.
8Ω⊥ ≅  (:5∆(Χ∗+ ι4
)
ΚΜ
0Λ
/Χ/(∋Φγ ,Α∗ Εη ϑρ22 ∗ζ∀ &≅Φ(Ι∃ %89∗+∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς %≅
ρΚ∋.#∗7_∋/ΧρΜΜ+/(:5)ΚΜ.Ω#∋,#)∗(∃Θ∋∗ζ∀5(γΦ(Ι∃%89∗+/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4∗≅Π/ϖ∗
%4∃%≅ ΜΜ+
 β.Λρ∗ζ∀. . Μρ∗ζ∀.
. 02∗ζ∀. . ρ0Τ∗ζ∀.
8Ω⊥≅!?∃
5

%≅Φ()⊥∗+5(ω∃+∃#∗7εΨΙ(45∗(6∗/]#∀Ο5Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4+∃⊥∀7∃
Σ%_∗τΣ%≅/>ΨΙ%)+#5[∗(∃Θ∗%∗Σϑ υ.=∃Ψ#∋5(ω∃+∃#∗5ϑΜρ
5

/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4/ϖ∗%4∃
,#)∗(∃Θ∋∆(_∗5Εζ∀%89∗+∆(Χ∗+ι4,#∗7_∋
 δΤΜ.  .2Μ.  .ρΜ. 
.ΚΜ.
8Ω⊥ΒΙ5∆(Χ∗+ι4 

2
ρ2
Ρσ∗+5Ε)∗+Π5µ/Χ/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εηϑ∗+≅Π.θ/7_∋/Χ∀
Μ
ϑ0ΜΜ+
/(:5∗≅Π.Ω#∋5(ω∃+∃#∗5ϑ0Τ∗+≅Π/ϖ∗%4∃,#)∗(∃Θ∋
 β.0Μ+. 
.0ρ+.  .2Μ+.  .ρΜ+.
8Ω⊥Β(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη/]#
Υ)
0 Μ
Τ
%≅ ΤΜ∗+≅Π7Θ∀.θ/7_∋/ΧΤ0∀+ΥΒ%Β∗∃.Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4
,#∗7_∋∗(χ∗+∃Α5Εϕ%≅
 β.Κ. Μ
Τ
ν. .Κ. Μ
0
ν. .Κ. Μ

ν. .Κ. Μ
0
ν.
8Ω⊥Β≅κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4
∋
ΚΚ
0
/Χ5(ω∃+∃#∗,Α∗ΕηϑΤ2∆(θ5.Ω#∋5(ω∃+∃#∗ 0∆(θ57Ο
∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#7κ∗+&ϕ∗≅Π+∃⊥∀7∃%≅
β.ρ.

.Λρ. .0ρ. .Μ.
8Ω⊥ΒΒΓ∗(ΨΙ∆(6∗5ς∗∃5>τυ/Χ5Ε)∗+ +#∀Φ(Γ∗∃5>.∃µ5Φ(Ι∃%89∗+∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς/]#
∗∃5>%≅ 2∋. 
β.Τ2. Μ
0
.  .0 ρ. Μ
0Μ
. .Τ2. Μ
0Μ
.  .0 . Μ
0
.
8Ω⊥ΒΕΕ)∗+∗+∋κ∗∆(Χ∗+ι4Υ20/Χ Μ

∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς&λ∃/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εηϑ Τ∗+≅Π.Τ5∋_∗%€
5Ε8λ/7ΧΨΙ∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ςΥ205Ε)∗+∗+∋κ∗7Χ%≅
 β.
Μ
ϑ Μ
0
. .
Μ
ϑΤ. Μ

. .
Μ
ϑ0. Μ

. .
Μ

ϑ Κ. Μ

.
8Ω⊥Β(Ι∃%89∗+,#∗7_∋/]#7κ∗+&ϕ∆(Χ∗+ι4∗#5Ε∃
#
02

%≅Μ02∀+/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη/]#
∗#5Ε∃%≅ϑΚ0Ψ.Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4,#∗7_∋,Ξ∗+
 β.ΚΛ. Μ
Τ
ν. .ΚΛ. Μ
ρ
ν. .ΚΛ. Μ
Κ
ν. .ΚΛ. Μ
Λ
ν.
8Ω⊥ΒξΟ5Φ(Ι∃/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4/Χ/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη,Ξ∗+ Μ∗+≅Π.Ω#∋2Μ∗+≅ΠΦ(Ι∃%89∗+/(:5
∆(Χ∗+ι4/(φ/ϖ∗%4∃5Ε)∗+Φ(Ι∃7ΧΨ},Ξ∗+,#)∗(∃Θ∋∆(_∗%θ/,#∗7_∋
 β.Μρ.  .Μ0ρ.  .Μ 0ρ.  .Μ22.
8Ω⊥Β∀(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη/]#(#∃/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4β&≅%_∗%895%≅0Μ∆(θ5&≅ΤΜ∆(θ5.#∗7_∋
(#∃Φ(Ι∃/(:5β&≅/ΧΨΙ%89∗+(45∗(6∗∗(8∗(#∋.Ω#∋Μ∆(θ55φΨΙ/Α/(45∗(6∗β&≅
/ϖ∗%4∃%≅
 β. Κ.  .Τ . 
. Τ.  .  .
 !






00

8Ω⊥Β Ε#∗∃

02
0
Ψ#∋∗(∃δ∋%_∗∆(Χ∗+ι4

&≅


,∃µ∗5(≅∗(
Υ,
0ΜΚ
0
.∃µ5/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη/]#
Ψ[,∃µ∗7α∃5α∗+(9∆∗≅Π%≅ϑΤΚ. Μ

∗ζ∀.∃⊥Ψς,#∗7_∋∀Ο5%)4∃7Α/(φ/(Ζ#∋Ε#∗∃
Φ(Β∗+/(Ζ#/(γ.µ∋(∃Η∗∗#Π5φ%Η/]#/Α/Φ(Ι∃%89∗+/]#∋Ε#∗∃&≅/(γ%≅∀τυ{∀τΥ,υϑ2Λ
5(γ5∋α∃/]#%)4∃7Α:Π%≅
 β.0. Μ
Λ
∗ζ∀. .0. Μ

∗ζ∀.  .0. Μ

∗ζ∀. .0. Μ

Μ
∗ζ∀.
8Ω⊥Β!ξΟ5Φ(θ/ι8>∗+/(Ζ#0ΜΜ+ Ττ7κ∗+&ϕ/Α/,)∗∆(Χ∗+ι4υ/Χ7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4%≅2Λρ
∆(6∗Εη{∆(θ5.Γ∗(5∋α∃/]#Φ(θ/ι8>∗+.∃µ5ΕΞ∗+7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#/>5(εΨΙ∗+,Ξ∗+ ρ∆(6∗
Εη{∆(θ55Γ∗(5ΕΘ∗ +/Α/,)∗&≅/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη/]# Τ%≅ρΛ2Μ∗ζ∀.
 β.0Λ Μ∗ζ∀. . Μ∗ζ∀. . Λ Μ∗ζ∀. . ΛΤρΜ∗ζ∀.
8Ω⊥ΕηΠ/(?∗/6∋αβ,.Ε)∗+ν∋Α5Εγ∗(∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#∀Ο5ΨΙ/(:5ΨΙ(45∗(6∗∆(Χ∗+
ι4
 β.+∃⊥∀7δ∋5(Σ)5(ω∃+∃#∗.  .+∃⊥∀5(Σ)78ω∗+(Π∆Σ,)%.

 .Φ(Β∗++∃⊥∀.    .+∃⊥∀5(Σ)ν∋Π%∋χ5(≅∀ΨΙ∀.
8Ω⊥Ε02∆(6∗Εη5(≅∗(Υ,0ΜΚ&λ∃/(∋Φγ,Α∗ΕηϑΤΤΛ. Μ

∗ζ∀.ξΟ5Φ(Ι∃7Α789/
∆(Α5 (∃Η∗/Χ /(Ζ# ΤΚΛ∀+ 02 &≅0 2ρ∀+ Υ,0ΜΚ. ∃⊥ Ψς Φ(Ι∃7Α %θ/ ∀λ∃ (γ∗( 5(≅∗(
Φ(Β∗+/(Ζ#∗+∋ΠΘ∗5Ι/(γ.∃Η∗54∃5φ%Η+∃<#ΨΙ∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς02&≅Υ,0ΜΚ%≅,#)∗(∃Θ∋
 β. .  .0 .  .0Μ.  .00.
8Ω⊥Ε≅(?∗∆(Α5,∃ε∋αβ,Φ(∃∗Χ∃&δ(∃Η∗589∗+∆(Χ∗+ι4
β.∃Η∗589∗+∆(Χ∗+ι4Φ(Β∗+∆(π5(∋Ο/&≅)/Α/5Α/7Ο∗+,Θ∗∗+)≅∃.
.∃Η∗589∗+∆(Χ∗+ι4Ρ)/Α/∗+∋ΠΘ∗∗(6∗,Θ∗5Ε)∗++6ΠΕ#.
.∃Η∗589∗+∆(Χ∗+ι4%∋Β∗5∋6∗5(Σ)7ϕ∗(%∋χ5∆(Χ∗+ι4.
.⊥β7δ∋7θ∗+.
8Ω⊥ΕΒηΠ/(?∗/6∋αβ,.∃Θ∗(Η+∃<#(Ξ∗+ΨΙ∆(6∗Εη

&≅/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη%≅
 β.

/)∗Ψ5

. .


0%∗

.  .

/)∗Ψ5

. .
0

/)∗Ψ5

.
8Ω⊥ΕΕΕ)∗+∆(Χ∗+ι4

Ψ)&λ∃(45∗(6∗∀5(γ(45∗(6∗/)∗|&ϕ5ΕΓ∗≅)
 β.∃µ∗ Β. .∃µ∗0Β. .σ∃ Β. 
.σ∃0Β.
8Ω⊥Ε(?∗/6∋χΥΜ.∃##∗∆(#
 β.,ϕ%Η/(Φ(∃,#Πι∋ΠΘ∗ν∋#∀Ο57∃Η∗5Ε8ω∗+(#Π5;5Ε8ω∗+.
 .%≅∀∃Β∗()Α/(:5Φ(Γ.
 .%≅∀∆(Α5ν∋#∗+∀Ο5ΨΙ/(:5.

./ΧΦ(⊥∗ζ∗+76∀ι∋ΠΘ∗∀4∗(.
8Ω⊥Ε(?∗/6∋χΥΜ.∃#+#∀∀#
 β.+6Π∗+∋Π(4∃/()/>5(ε.
 ./ΧΦ(⊥∗ζ∗+76∀ι∋ΠΘ∗Ε:5∀4∗(.
 .Φ(Β∗+,ϕ%Η/(5Ε)∗+7∃Η∗5Ε8ω∗+()/5;5Ε8ω∗+.

./Χ,8λ/ΨΧ∗+%λ∗(>∗,8λ/ΨΧ∗+/]#5∃#.

8Ω⊥Ε∀(?∗/6∋χΥΜ∗(:5.Α/5∃#Φ(Β∗+,ϕ%Η/(5Ε)∗+7∃Η∗5Ε8ω∗+&≅5;5Ε8ω∗+%≅
 β.5∃#

&≅5∃#

.    .5∃#

&≅5∃#

.
 .5∃#

&≅5∃#.    .5∃#

&≅5∃#.
8Ω⊥Ε ξΟ5/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4/Χ/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη%≅.Ω#∋5(ω∃+∃#∗5ΨΙ(457η,ϕ,Α∗Εη,Ξ∗+Λ{
ΨΙ(45,#∗7_∋.µ5%∋χ∗∗≅)Ψ#∋76Π%≅7θ∗+
 β.5ϑ.  .5ϑΛ.  .5ϑ2.  .5ϑΜΛρ.
8Ω⊥Ε!ΥΒ%Β∗∃ Υ)
0 Μ
Τ
%≅/(:5∆(Χ∗+ι4/Χ/(∋Φγ,Α∗Εη%≅ 2∗+≅Π.Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4,#∗7_∋%≅

Μ
.Ω#∋5(ω∃+∃#∗,#)%6∋5(γ7Ο∆(Χ∗+ι4/]#∗Χ+∃⊥∀7∃20%_∗
 β.Τ2∗+≅Π.
.ΚΜ∗+≅Π. .ΤΤ Κ∗+≅Π. .20∗+≅Π.
 !






02

8Ω⊥/7∃ε∀∗≅)Ψ#∋76ΠΡσ,αβ,7Ι∃&λ∃5∃#


 β.Υ(Χ∗+Ε#5;(45∗(6∗&λ∃5Ι/7Ο,Ξ∗+5Ι/7ΟΑ∗(ΨΑ∗+5Ε)∗+/(6∗Φ(Β∗+.
 .(∃5Ε∋Πδ∗5Ε)∗+Φ(Β∗+Φ(Γ∗Χ%≅∀∃Β∗()Α∀4∗(/Α/∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ς5ΕΘ∗78ω∗+7∃.
 .(∃5Ε∋Πδ∗5Ε)∗+Φ(Β∗+Φ(Γ∗Χ,ϕ∀:5∗ζ∗+%89∗+Ε:5∗(#∗(.
 .Χ5(ε7∃789/5Ι∃7#/∀5Ε)∗+Φ(Β∗+Φ(Γ.
?#< +2%Κ∗Λ∃ ΜΝΟΚ∗∗∆
,,#
− ≅δ Βδ Ε0 − − ∀0 δ !δ δ
δ ≅δ Βδ Ε0 − 0 ∀−  8 !0 ≅8
≅− ≅≅δ ≅Β0 ≅Ε8 ≅0 ≅δ ≅∀− ≅ 8 ≅!0 Β−
Β0 Β≅− ΒΒ− ΒΕ− Β8 Β8 Β∀8 Β − Β!8 Ε0
Εδ Ε≅0 ΕΒ− ΕΕ0 Ε0 Ε0 Ε∀δ Ε 8 Ε!− δ





(ΠΘΡ+,
3Υ(⊥∗Ζ∗+(45∗(6∗%≅∀?∃ν∋Α5Εγ∗(Ρ∼∗7µ∗Ψ[,∃µ∗7α∃(45∗(6∗.
3Υ(⊥∗Ζ∗+(45∗(6∗5(8ω∗+789//(∃#5(≅∗((#∃%)4∃
ΝΥ(⊥∗Ζ∗+5[∆(6∗Εη∀Ο5(45∗(6∗Φ(Β∗+,δ∗&<∗+5(≅∗(/Α/(45Φ(Α/.
ΝΥ(⊥∗Ζ∗+5Ε)∗+7Χ/Α/(45∗(6∗58>∗+5Α/&λ∃∗(#∋Ρ∼∗7µ∗Ψ[,∃µ∗7α∃/(θ∗+5(≅∗(/Α/(45
Φ(Α/.

 Υ(⊥∗Ζ∗+(45∗(6∗Ρ4∗+5α∗+ν∋Α5β33
 Ε)∗+5Ε8ω∗+(9∆∆(Χ∗+ι4β3
()∀/ϑ ΘΣΘΡ+,
3ϕ∗(%∋χ5,⊥)5)≅∗ΨΙ∗∋/%Β∗τΨΙΦ(Ι∃βυΕ)∗+∆(⊥∗Ζ∗+(45∗(6∗5α∗+ΨΙ∗∋/%Β∗/]#
/Α/(4558>∗+5Α/,Ξ∗+5α∗+ΨΙ∗∋/%Β∗/]#/Α/(45Ψ⊥∗∆(ϒ∀.
3ϕ∗(%∋χ5,⊥)5)≅∗7∃Η∗5Γ/(α∗+74∃ΨΙ7∃Η∗5Γ/(/]#/Α/(4558>∗+5Α/,Ξ∗+5α∗+74∃ΨΙ
/Α/7∃Η∗5Γ/(/]#/Α/(45Ψ⊥∗∆(ϒ∀.
3ϕ∗(%∋χ5,⊥)5)≅∗∗ζ∗+%89∗+5)≅∗∆(_∗τ,#)+κ∀7Ο∗+∗ζ∗+&≅∗ζ∗+%89∗+∗+(φυα∗+
∗ζ∗+%89∗+5)≅∗∆(_∗/]#/Α/(4558>∗+5Α/,Ξ∗+5α∗+∗ζ∗+%89∗+5)≅∗∆(_∗/]#/Α/(45Ψ⊥∗
∆(ϒ∀.
3ϕ∗(%∋χ5,⊥)5)≅∗7Ο∗+%89∗+/5>5α∗+7Ο∗+%89∗+/]#/Α/(4558>∗+5Α/,Ξ∗+&/5>
5α∗+7Ο∗+%89∗+/]#/Α/(45Ψ⊥∗∆(ϒ∀.
(#734ΣΘΡ+,
 5∆(⊥∗Ζ∗+(45∗(6∗  β33.
?∃∀
)
ϑ∀
β
3∀

&≅∀ϑ∀

3∀

.#5(:Π∀
Μ
∀.
3(∃∀
Μ
∀Υ(⊥∗Ζ∗+5=#Ε#∀Ο5∗ζ∗+%89∗+ϑτ∀

Μ
∀υ/
0
.
ζ∗+%89∗+5=#Ε#∗≅Π5(8ω∗++?∃%≅∗ζ∗+%89∗+(45∗(6∗.Α/(45∗(6∗Ψ∃∗(Ε#/Χ7Ο(π5
Φ(Ι∃%λ∗(>∗/Α/(45∗(6∗,#∗7_∋∗+(ψ#%≅/Α/(45∗(6∗Ψ∃∗(Ε#,δ∗&<∗+(>∗/Α/(45∗(6∗
,#∗7_∋.
3(∃∀
Μ
∀Υ(⊥∗Ζ∗+Φ(Β∗+5(ε5[∗Χι⊥ΠΕ#.ξ∋Ι∗/()∆(⊥∗/Χ5(ει⊥ΠΕ#5(γ∆(⊥∃/∋∗+
/:∆/()/Α/(45β&≅∀Β′5∗ζ∗+%89∗+Ρ8λ∃Ρ4∗+7Ο∗+∗ζ∗+.γ/Α/(45Ψ∃∗(Ε#/Χ7Ο∗+
8;<ΒΧ∆
 !





0Τ

∗ζ∗+
7
∗Θ∗∗ζ∗+%89∗+/_∗/∋∗+/:∆∆(⊥∃5(=#∀η∗7∃δ∋Φ∃Η∗ϑτ∀∀
Μ
υ/
0
3
7
.Α/
(45∗(6∗Ψ∃∗(Ε#/Χ7Ο(π5Φ(Ι∃∗(=(>∗/Α/(45∗(6∗,#∗7_∋∗+(ψ#%≅/Α/(45∗(6∗Ψ∃∗(Ε#

Φ∀,δ∗&<∗+(>∗/Α/(45∗(6∗,#∗7_∋.


 012345678434β44Φ
1=Γ
Υ(8>∗+5Εγ∗(∆(⊥∗Ζ∗+
2 0 Τ
0 2 Τ
0 2 Τ
  
   
   
  

Ε)∗+ΨΙ/Α/(45∗≅Π/Χ5(ε%≅(45Ψ>/:∆∗(8∗∋/%Β∗Σ%Σ5ΕΒ∗∆(Β5Β∗ 
Ε8ω∗+(9∆7/,∃Η5%≅Ψ[∆(Χ∗+ι4


0
3
2



%≅(45∗(6∗∀
0
%≅(45∗(6∗/)∗
2
%≅(45()/
Α/!∀Α∆Ρπ∗+0%∋χ5,⊥)5)≅∗

3⊥)5)≅∗ΨΙ∗∋/%Β∗τΨΙΦ(Ι∃υβ

3β
0
ϑβ
2
3β
Τ

3⊥)5)≅∗7∃Η∗5Γ/(τ∗+∋ΠΘ∗5ςΨΙυ∴

3∴
0
ϑ∴
2
3∴
Τ

ο0:9/7δ
0
45∆Ε)5)∗/Χ7Ο∗+∗ζ∗+∆ϑ0ξΣ,∗&≅)(45∗(6∗


!

−
7Ζ∗+ΠΘ∗Ψ∃∗(Ε#(#∃
(45∗(6∗/Χ/σ∗+7Ο∗+∗ζ∗+5(Σ)∆(⊥∗Ζ∗+(45∗(6∗Ψ#∋
  
!


. − / /
.∃µ5∆(8>∗+5Εγ∗+7_Π7]/]#∆(⊥∗Ζ∗+.
ΜΝΜ#/Χ
 
 ! 0
  1
. − ∀ /

∆Ρπ∗+7ϕ∗(%∋χ5,⊥)5)≅∗ΨΙ∗∋/%Β∗ϑ 3Λϑ0.βϑβϑΤϑ


2%

∆Ρπ∗+7ϕ∗(%∋χ5,⊥)5)≅∗7∃Η∗5Γ/(ϑ 32ϑ0.∴ϑ∴ϑ0
 ∆(8>∗+5Εγ∗(
  
 !  
   
. − 2% 2%


0≅Ε#∗∃∆(6∗Εη5(Σ)/(∋∃∆(Χ∗+ι4Ψ#∋76Π
    
    

 
     

∃µ57_Π7]/(∋∃∆(Χ∗+ι4∗≅Πτ+(∃5(Θ∀∴&≅β/]#/Α/(45∗(6∗υ

ΜΝΜ
∃µ57_Π7]/(∋∃∆(Χ∗+ι4









 
 
 
 
 

 

 
  
  
  
  

 

 

 


 
  
  
  
  
  

γ∀ΨΙ∆(Χ∗+ι4


 

∃⊥Ψς/Χι∆(Χ∗+ι4

&≅Π∆(Χ∗+ι4



#/ΧΤιϑ020ΜΚϑιϑ.
 !





0ρ

#/Χ0ιΠϑ00ϑΠϑΚ.
χΠ/Χ∆(6∗Εη


&≅Κ∆(6∗Εη



ΑΕ,0Α−∋+−∗∗)(0

Μ 
ρ Τ
:  :

  
 
Λ

>   
  

,
02 0Μ
Μ
   
  
 6
0Λ

   
  



Φ)?Γ∗)(
Μ Τ 
ρ 0 Τ


:   :
  

ΗΙϑ<+∗−.−∋∃
Μ Τ  0
ρ 0 Τ
 
 
   
 

 
   
 
.(Κ+
0

?

Φ)?Γ∗).−∋+−
Μ 0 Τ 
ρ 0 Τ
: ?  :
  


)?)0
Λ Λ
 Μ 
>   ≅
  

)?)0
02 Τ 0Μ
0 Μ
   
  

)?)0
2Λ 0Λ
Λ Μ 
<   
  

0Ε∗(45&≅)(45∗(6∗
Τ
Λ
7Ζ∗+ΠΘ∗5(γ5(∋789/∀Ο5(45∆ΕΒ5)∗&≅∀Ο5(45∗(6∗.
∃µ5∆(8>∗+5Εγ∗(∆(⊥∗Ζ∗+∗Θ∋/:∋54)/]#(45∗(6∗.
/Χ/

Υ(8>∗+5Εγ∗(∆(⊥∗Ζ∗+
Τ
0
Σ3
Τ

Λ



∆3
Λ

.45∗(6∗/)∗%≅7κ∗+&ϕ/]#ΒιΠ/:∋54),|∃
Λ∗∋/%Β∗5Ε)∗+7Χ/Χ∆ΕΒ5Β∗&≅∗>5Ε)∗.
0.Υ(⊥∗Ζ∗+∆(6∗Εη/]#∋Ε#∗∃/ΧΡ4∗+
7
02
0

56
0ΜΚ
0
3ι3Π
Ν
.Γ∗(ι&≅Π.
/Χ/
#/Χιϑ
Τ
0ΜΚ02

ϑΠϑ

Κ00




ϑΚ
0Υ(Ι5∆()
5
20
ρ
∆(Χ∗+ι4
Ν
&≅,∃µ∗7α∃5(≅∗(%8∋(∋∗(τΩυ.∃µ5∆(8>∗+5Εγ∗(/]#Ψ[
∆(Χ∗+ι47Χ&≅∗Θ∋/:∋54)/]#(45∗(6∗%8∋(∋∗(.
/Χ/
#/Χ
20
ρ
Υ
Μ


Σ3
20
Κ
Ω.45∗(6∗%8∋(∋∗(
20
Κ
Ω/Χ/:∋54)+κ∀20∗∋/%Β∗5Ε)∗+7Χ/Χ Κ
∆ΕΒ5Β∗&≅ Κ∗>5Ε)∗.

0∀.45∗(6∗5Ε∃5∃
2

&≅7>5Ε∃
0

5(#∀+∃#∆(⊥∗Ζ∗+∗(∃Η5(4/(Ψ∃∗(Ε#(45∗(6∗&≅∀Ο5
(45∗>5Ε)∗.∃µ5∆(8>∗+5Εγ∗(∆(⊥∗Ζ∗+∗µ∋/:∋54)&≅5Θ∗+?∃/]#(45∗(6∗.
/Χ/

Υ(8>∗+5Εγ∗(∆(⊥∗Ζ∗+
2

3
0



Μ
∗3
Τ
0
Σ.45∗(6∗
Τ
0
Σ%≅(45∗(6∗(ΣΣ%∃τ/ϖ∗+?∃%≅(45
υ/Χ/:∋54)+κ∀Τ∗∋/%Β∗5Ε)∗+7Χ/Χ0∆ΕΒ5Β∗&≅0∗>5Ε)∗.
