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Một số giải pháp giúp học sinh lớp 1 nắm bắt được âm trong tiếng việt 1 – Công nghệ giáo dục

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PHÒNG GD&ĐT ĐAM RÔNG
TRƯỜNG TIỂU HỌC ĐẠ M’RÔNG
CHUYÊN ĐỀ MÔN TV1- CNGD
“Một số giải pháp giúp học sinh lớp 1 nắm bắt được âm trong
tiếng việt 1 – Công nghệ giáo dục”

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
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

Đạ M’rông, ngày 16 tháng 10 năm 2014
1
I. LÝ DO CHỌN CHUYÊN ĐỀ.
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"#$%&'()*+,-""#$%.-/0$1
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(90": (&
;,2,()$<=#(.2>?/"/%@'ABC
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2/.D7D!.?MD2."07IMD2(
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?J 83(E.2? 82 S. S<I--
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'7L.W2=2>"*-=$-*$(7
/.LI.M7#527=$()XYM2"3M
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D"M2N !%.Z*[92\/$-1
2\/$--M/Z!W23*!I$($=$
*"#$%J?J2:D-/%@'ABC&
]2:  I-*(W":(^_`%a@_`%b.W
":N !%.1(L)-FV0$N*. I2
2:*X
TSHS HS biết âm HS biết ghép HS biết phân tích, đọc trơn
78 %` %c %d
II. THỰC TRẠNG.
1. Đối với giáo viên:
a. Thuận lợi:
%``eB(-L23M2f&
g,(-h2h4[.T?I2:Fi
/+M2?.2,M2N("#$0$WF-.
W$h8&
B(-/L-(.05M#*."7

*(--IFM&
2
'T*0W?U.*((-.jBk2,M2N.$55-(I
FM."#$ .-((.**l2($8,IFMN(-
&B(- $I*-?/. /2:2(-
8?FM&
($-*$E."RFm).",1=$
2P*&
KTL#FMnC'AoK%W!-/ FM
TLM2TU5"X
K/*pF5 q/M"N(-2PW&
]ML2.2$D7W/I&
]ML#FG0$7IW r&
b. Khó khăn:
C-?W2\EE(-*&
>F98_($F5TLjBk#(-1>$ 
-/83F?FM/M2 8"#$&
B(-=2/FMZ$(M77"WM
*"DK/%@'ABC&g-23FM-*#(M
"NM&
s,"#(-2:$D$5( !"#$% /(
47!?2U$T4.-h3*!(-
2,2:$DIFM"#$%&
kh8FM*$DM4  ."==
"/I-&
'2U#(-* LD*
(N23.7*(-&
+(L 1WMZ3*!N"/K%@
'ABC.)- /."/_2$9:$X8W.)-#
FGL-(Lh8IFM.(- *p252\F9FM&

M" I08N*.2>?/"*FD3&
8.-*6 r.2&&&
k  FM"07IX7F52DD ->"M,
*"4D"*2)-M,&
2. Đối với học sinh:
1. Thuận lợi:
;2:*D=$2PN7M2U$T(W$"t
2-&
 /T*0WX'2,M2N?2f.$4*(*N.
**l-((.CCg.N.jBk..2:W$$(?U2,M2N&
*!2L()0$aZD<t.0/-
/2N()&
3
2. Khó khăn:
^c.uegj2"-)FD3*!&K!/N()4
&
OW2\EE(-*-(L$?
*4>$  &
'()+,-"3?IE(.?JU$
2:0$#&'()456.2-&
C-2h#TL/%/(-F5()4
>$  -/$TL#.()J?J2:
ED,2UL$D72:2D"MD.2D"$5D. 
$D?/2:2D"D2/.2D"D7.2D"D!.TLM4
(*82!#()"FD3*!.-() J2:"0
7IW  -/FM&
k*/lL4"==?MJl.?
2D2/.D7.D!-L.<(2UV2D"D72D
"D!.J2:,LW2JDJ."07I
()$D?/2:"07ID2/.MD2.M,*

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4.F-2$,I2(LIFM10$N
*&AM?2,.*?E(2t$IF
7I.-* ?E H$D.,$(D*FG
2*"Y7I."=LE.D..,&
-(L.()4$I$D?/2:D2,.
D7.D2/.D7.D2/.D!v#2DM.
^,.()3?IE(H$ED..+.*Q
2?F%b&AM^,.*2t$I2E?F#_`.
>F9()?".Q"2R)-(-. 
2:E&K#E"#$*M.(-WWIMT()w9
Ex"yM?U!$IQ3?h&' 2/ (-
-?0$2.*WM?(F. ??629-
7wx !2.F-2MM. H&
*!2L()-I.3*!4  I2
3$,0$N()&
g,()0$&
#E\.9h
!%<DMFM2Xw3*!I$($=$*"#$%J?J2:D
-/%o'/(-F5x&
III. MỘT SỐ GIẢI PHÁP VÀ TỔ CHỨC THỰC HIỆN.
1. Để giúp học sinh lớp 1 nắm vững được âm trong tiếng việt 1, trước hết
giáo viên cần nắm được:
B=$*JE2:+D.(-,=q_W2)!X
z,2!#*"3?IE(3(-&
4
AJ2: S(D-/%.?$D?/MD
$5D.?("0$GF9G.$D7D..22:)-(8
23-oi@f@,)-"/ q/N(-&O$D?/2D"D
2/.D72D"D!."07I?$D?/2:"07I

D2/.MD2&
L()2R.! J$5EM&K5B(-
F5#FG*X(-0F52\F9FMNT
L/."2\F9FMN23*J$<$6"M/ r
.2-*&
IM2:W2.(-$IJEU7./
5.M,FMDv&&-/%&
B(-$IV I081(2>2N(L
08N[)&OL I08N*2L
$()-+2-M"0.(-,
$I[)#2,M2NSN.#FM$,D2/
I2:&
1.1. Dựa vào thực trạng của giáo viên và học sinh để đưa ra giải pháp phù
hợp với đặc trưng môn TV1- CNGD được thể hiện qua 2 tiết dạy với 4 việc.
Việc 1: Chiếm lĩnh ngữ âm.
%&#/D#{{&
%?&sD7{{&
%&KlL{{&
Việc 2: Viết chữ ghi âm /y/.
_&B#/EwMx&
_?&B#/EwMx&
_&KD{{&
_F&g#FGgw|0$o'ABC"#$%x0$3{a}&
Việc 3: Đọc.
c&E?I"#$&
c?&*(wK/o'ABC"#$%x0$3{udou^&
Việc 4: Viết chính tả.
a&K?I-&
a?&K7I&
1.2. Giải pháp:

($-".pQ.2/?3N(-,$If.D/&
]MLa/,$I/)-L&
~'D"/N(-,$IF8 -(.V&g*/)-
2=M,N(--23EBK@gj,FmU$&
5
~'(-23N"#$,$I/)-w q/x?I-> q
/?ZMN(-&B(- $I$I(-
23-*&
~B(-,$I3(/T?IY?&
~',$IR.D/"--h8(-23
+/&
~]D#()*080-"#$&
~?h_(-,$I<(2U2:3F,0$=q
( r,N!$9:$#+2!:*Z=$()
J2:?!T&
~CM2DJ2.*$IJ2:?. 2*-""#$
&
',FM$9:$#2!:*.$D2!:*.,
2f823W$WX*$? Hv&
CM ,?#."0$<-L#?I.,
$IDNFM)-*( ."-"\H$&
k)*. ?.J-*?3&
kFM (1.YMQM2h3$,. 
-/(-$I28#"#$o*"/(-<!"#$ 
 )*&
CM"#$%FM FM+. 2EL*•-*
2"#$&
€*((- - " L. E&
'TLM M,W2.Q0<H2((
*.23. )*&

2. Phân loại đối tượng học sinh:
'f?U8 r$, -FM"/" 2!
#?W8(-- 28"#$.M(-,$I8.J
E5?FM.?(*(-sD$!TL."U?(-I&>(
-23:$"7/V-23N(-@*.-23-2!
:*J?!*J2:?&
sD"-2!:*)-2> h84T&
jJ$<$Y\N*-"#$:$"7&
]D 7"/*<M.-T32*2:N
237&
3. Giúp học sinh học tốt về âm.
'K/%'ABC"3#=$*J?J
2:ED-K/.-$,D"5Y:2J" 
Q"/M K/&K0M*,$I3WI
(E(?IE(.L()#H$22:D.,..+D.
--T3-* yFM*(--(."WM
6
*"D.()*l"N23-(2T.2
M.$D7!&
O2-*((- -M,,2f?(#
*,2.4?$IQF-2!:*J?!
T."%2-)-M,$9:$#2!:*2-
*2 W$I-*2I?&',?(fTL
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0$.FML.)0/57F5X.).2.28.(- q/
-MLFM.(-//I."/(-M)u,
*W?I.*((- -.--.!&
-TLM(-,FM r%_?&'4FM?D
2!#* ,"#$G( -0$%\^,FM

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.(-i"M/-*.(-MD.$5D-
?L M-*2# -"#$.M.2*3"4&
'f?U2\F9FM?(*(M,?FM./!Di$IVq.
7<(.J.Fm&
C-0M FM$,D(-$I/2:)-a/L
**l2:("/)-7. /2:)-a/(-
W"M/ S-*)-a823X i.f.0&K
2:.2=.2R$..2DJ2&
* Lưu ý:2$D72w x2T&T2wf2Ux2
$D7&
Ví dụ:
+D i ƒA&D„, âm m ƒs&D„@@@@@@@@@…mi.
k:$#(FW@@@@@@@@@…mi, mì, mí, …
sD?/{EƒD m,  mi{Emờ.Emi„&
k:$#(FW2(T&
k2(D.+ƒ-$,28F5„$I2TƒM<t„. 
2(,+.* 22:"F-$,#  r.
$IM(-(E?2,&
kFM.?J?3(-$I$(Df.F9+f. X()
2Dv.,v.v()-Ev.Ev†Dcờ 2:?Z
-E cờ (c), -E ka (k), -E cu (q); 2(,: cờ -a-ca; cờ- e- ke; cờ- ua-
cua; cờ-oa- qua…
k* 22:)-a823.(-,$I#FG5
-(02*J?J2:&
-FM,=q2/*-*(W,L*M*D
!(-,"! (ví dụX M(-/*-*(
-!/%.,2G#FG(2$If&
4. Phân loại hệ thống cấu trúc âm gắn với luật chính tả.
7

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-"/"FMED2:?Z.?E(Xch, kh, ng, ngh, gh, nh, ph,
thvƒ2:FM"2Fm$D?/J"#"07IX@†@
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?E(2\<M-*""07IXg/gh, ng/nghX
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r/d; s/x (FW.2+$D#-.1?J2,2:FM+
2-Mƒ*l20$$,*„&K(2-*M.3FFM1
"2:">$".M,*J"<M (G_.c.a.b&
kFM(?Gc.(-$I=qFM$(D2=(,ƒN
M">$,93?„.(8,ƒE?*!,,
NM"2*Fm*-*(.0?.(-t
$IFM"„&
* Lưu ý luật chính tả:
CW2>D7.#FG|0$)-G*•.
7I"3D(-+"M/2 r<-&?$I
"%2-)-M,$9:$#2!:*2-*2
W$I-*2I?&k27I.-(L
(-i*<)2=‡A*??J
". fM<QE*F#D?.(-,
*(*"5&k* 2:L(--*$D7
"2.M,9M)-2!:*-"#$2(--?-
$9:$&
€?IFM-L7I2.$IM(&
Ví dụ: FMEL,=q?3H.T?I"FM2>?=.W23. H-
. =.H$IJ3.*(--*J"

2#.N!-*(H3(H&
A* ?$D7. ?(-$I#FG
M,*3?IE(?IE(-#.*2*l
#FGH$(E#&
;07I^MD-2cMD<W/EH$.
(--?L M2**(2M&
A0M.* a/.*2t2:W$?35K/
ƒ 8W=ED."07I„L r*pF5
K/&+2=$()!T$D/%o'ABC&
5. Thường xuyên thay đổi các hình thức học tập cho học sinh.
K/2h#$T$($FM./IM "3
$,$IL8h80$$-$=2F&gL8$I<DM
F$9:$#3F2!:*&C-2L8$9:$L-
8
*23.2/I-$(M2:7.N23
*(-N*&
6. Tổ chức các hoạt động vui chơi lồng ghép học sinh hệ thống kiến thức và
tự chữa lỗi:
'2DM"3 rW=$-(-J?J
2-2: I0$N*3(LFM&]-23
+T+()?*[# /0$.()?
L  I0$NL=$9?3&'() 
E724F,M7M&
B(-,<MM2h(L8h84T (&
]%h8-()TE4TDM8=-
0$.2MW?h7(M&
7. Thời gian dạy:
B(-,$D?!-:$"q-(/m"-(/
ƒ/%ˆ_%./cˆa_„&
IV. THỰC HÀNH .

‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰‰
Tiết 1,2 Tiếng việt
§97, 98: Âm /y/
Mở đầu
&KlL{<{&
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Việc 1: Chiếm lĩnh ngữ âm.
1a. T giới thiệu âm mới.
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1b. Phân tích tiếng.
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g&Š{{"MD&KL $(D"\T ?UI&
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g&s5D&KL $(D"\T?UI&
1c. Vẽ mô hình.
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g&s,2,"D{{$,,"D{{
Việc 2: Viết chữ ghi âm /y/.
2a. Giới thiệu chữ “y” in thường.
&IXE\3H<(J.%H<$IF&
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2b. T hướng dẫn viết chữ “y” viết thường.
2c. Viết tiếng có âm /y/
&{{-+y học-L&
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g&KM<(.M5.q7v&&
2d. Hướng dẫn H viết vở “ Em tập viế t- CGD lớp 1”, tập 1.
g&+F4-|0$&
&]*(. *-((LNg&
&'W3*!?.0<H.= /I"#$&
Việc 3: Đọc
3a. Đọc chữ trên bảng lớp.
3b. Đọc sách “TV-CGD lớp 1” tập 1.
Việc 4: Viết chính tả.
4a. Viết bảng conƒ?I"#$„
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4b. Viết vở chính tả.
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V. TỔ CHỨC THỰC HIỆN.
A9kF(--h2J2:"N
*$T$($IFMN(-.+2<DMF"7M$9:$#3
F2&
‹DMFFI-"qM.I-"03FM2?FM.
2$T$($$9:$#?FM.h82$q 3F"q
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/_FMX{skC)(-N/"#$
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U2X&
10
](LIFM.=$*?2:Dv&\=$(-
- !J2:ML?FM\a/&+2-

$,D=$()8=0$.Fm/I&
2DM"M2Xw3*!I$($=$*"#$%J?J2:D
-/%o'/(-F5x&
ŒW-2:*2$q N"t2-W$.2TU?.({
(-.22TU/TLIFM$DK%onC'A
"#$%-_`%a@_`%b2/I-T&
VI. ĐÓNG GÓP Ý KIẾN CHUYÊN ĐỀ.
DUYỆT CỦA NHÀ TRƯỜNG
HIỆU TRƯỞNG
Nguyễn Hồng Dự
CHUYÊN MÔN
Đặng Thị Lý
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