ĐỀ CƯƠNG BÀI GIẢNG CÂY CÔNG NGHIỆP (TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO SINH VIÊN NGÀNH TRỒNG TRỌT)


TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC HÙNG VƯƠNG
ĐỀ CƯƠNG BÀI GIẢNG
CÂY CÔNG NGHIỆP

Mã số môn học: TT2341
Số tín chỉ: 03
Lý thuyết: 30 tiết
Thảo luận: 05 tiết
Thực hành: 10 tiết
Phú Thọ, tháng 06 năm 2012
MỤC LỤC
 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#
$%&'%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#
)*%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#
'%(+, /0)1%2&3%425%627628("596*%2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#
:;!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#
<+!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#
<:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#
<:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#
<:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#
<=!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#
<>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#
?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+
@ABCA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+
2DE%(+!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+
@AFGHI!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+
+!+!JK @AFGHI!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+
+!+!:!1%221%2L'%M.N0#O%(2"$%6P.65/QR.0DE%(0)$%02S("T"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+
+!+!U!1%221%2L'%M.N0#O%(2"$%6P.QR.0DE%(V"W0*9!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+
+!:!X!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:

+!:!+!(.Y%(Z6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:
+!:!:!25%[7\"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:
+!U!F]F ^G!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:
+!U!+!_)`#OLa21%202O%2%Z0Lb%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:
+!U!:!25%c6O%2c[d!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:
+!U!U!7*ce.'c2\0!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:
+!<!fghHi !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!U
+!<!+!2j"kl%'/9b9#O9m6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!U
+!<!:!2j"kl65/67%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!U
+!<!U!2j"kl)*27*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!U
+!<!<!2j"kl21%202O%2e.'c2\0!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!U
+!<!n!2j"kl62o%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!U
+!n!A?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<
+!n!+!2"W0Q_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<
+!n!:!%2Ld%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<
+!n!U!F_p9!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<
+!n!<!FN0!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<
+!n!n!"%2qDr%(k27d%(6b%02"S0QZ"#T"QR.0DE%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<
+!s!gtG!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<
+!s!+!"Z%(QR.0DE%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<
+!s!U!R0Q_k27'%(6d62!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!n
+!s!<!gu02.R0&3%425%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!s
+!s!n!2v9L36!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!s
+!s!s!2w%(0)xL5.&W%2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!=
+!s!;!2.27\62c&'7e.'%QR.0DE%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!>
2DE%(:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+y
@Az!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+y
:!+!JK @Az!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+y
:!+!+!"d0){k"%20S!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+y
:!+!:!1%221%2L'%M.N0[\60)$%02S("T"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+y

:!+!U!1%221%2L'%M.N0[\6V"W0*9!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+y
i
:!:!X@z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+y
:!:!+!(.Y%(Z6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+y
:!:!:!25%[7\"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!++
:!U!F]F ^G!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!++
:!U!+!_)`#OLa21%202O%2%Z0Lb%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!++
:!U!:!25%c6O%2c[d[\6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!++
:!U!U!7*ce.'c2\0!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!++
:!<!fghHi !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+:
:!<!+!2j"kl%'/9b9#O9m6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+:
:!<!:!2j"kl65/67%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+:
:!<!U!2j"kl)*27*Q590"*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+:
:!<!<!2j"kl21%202O%2e.'2\0!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+:
:!<!n!2j"kl62o%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+U
:!n!A?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+U
:!n!:!2j"0"S0ck2o2R.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+U
:!s!gtG!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+<
:!s!+!"Z%([\6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+<
:!s!:!2j"#|("}70)Y%(0)Y%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+<
:!s!U!R0Q_k27'%(6d62!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+<
:!s!<!gu02.R0&3%425%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+<
:!s!n!2v9L36!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+n
:!s!s!2w%(0)xL5.&W%2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+n
:!s!;!2.27\62c&'7e.'%[\6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+n
?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+;
@ABA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+;
2DE%(+!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+;
@A~!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+;
+!+!JK ~J•@A~€g

•-X@!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+;
+!+!+!{62L‚42d00)"ƒ%%(O%2628!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+;
+!+!:!{0)o6„*65/6280)7%(Qj"LZ%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+;
+!+!U!{0)o65/6280)7%(%…%k"%20Se.Z6q5%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+;
+!:!F]•G!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+=
+!:!+!(.Y%(Z6c425%[7\"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+=
+!U!F]F ^G!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+>
+!U!+!F†6Q"ƒ921%202d"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!+>
+!U!:!F†60o%2L"%223*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:+
+!<!A?‡@A~!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!::
+!<!+!F"….k"W%k2o2R.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!::
+!<!:!F"….k"W%QN0Q*"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:U
+!<!U!F_6*7#OQ{*21%2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:U
+!<!gtGˆ‰~g••I!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:U
+!<!+!gu02.R00)Y%(628k"S%02"S06E&'%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:U
+!<!:!gu02.R062v9L36628k"S%02"S06E&'%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:=
+!n!gtGˆ‰~g!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Uy
+!n!+!2w%(0)x6Šq\"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Uy
+!n!:!3%425%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!U+
+!n!U!FZ%628!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!U+
+!n!<!5.&W%22\"628#O&"W%42d442w%(0)x!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!UU
+!n!n!d"#O&'7e.'%&‹4628!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!UU
+!n!s!2596*%26'"0\7628("O#O6286Œ%6•"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!UU
2DE%(:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Us
ii
@A!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Us
:!+!JK @A!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Us
:!+!+(.Y%(Z6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Us
:!+!:!.%2R4#O725.@.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Us
:!+!U!{62L‚42d00)"ƒ%65/6O42$V"W0*9!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Us

:!:!F]F GA?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Us
:!:!+!25%[7\"cQ†6Q"ƒ96„*6d6("Z%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Us
:!:!:!F†60o%2L"%20)DV%(c42d00)"ƒ%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!U=
:!:!U!A$.6b.#…Q"….k"W%L"%202d"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!U>
:!U!gtG!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<y
:!U!+!"Z%(6O42$!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<y
:!U!:!2m%QN002"S0kS[Ž0)Y%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<+
:!U!<!gu02.R0%25%("Z%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<+
:!U!n!gu02.R00)Y%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<:
:!U!s!3%425%6276O42$!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<:
:!U!s!)Y%(65/62}&3%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<U
:!U!;!\721%2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<U
:!U!=!DT"%DT6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<U
:!U!>!2w%(0)xL5.&W%2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<<
2DE%(U!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<n
@A!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<n
U!+!JK @A!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<n
U!+!+!{62L‚42d00)"ƒ%6„*65/6*7L.V"W0*9!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<n
U!+!:!{62L‚42d00)"ƒ%6„*65/6*7L.0)$%02S("T"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<n
U!:!F]F GA?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<n
U!:!:!F†60o%2L"%20)DV%(c42d00)"ƒ%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<n
U!:!U!A$.6b.#…Q"….k"W%L"%202d"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<s
U!U!gtG!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<s
U!U!+!"Z%(6*7L.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<s
U!U!:!gu02.R0#Dj%DE9#O65/("Z%(6*7L.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<s
U!U!U!gu02.R00)Y%(6*7L.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ny
U!U!<!gu02.R0&3%425%62765/6*7L.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!n+
U!U!n!gu02.R0k2*"02d6#O62S&"S%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!n:
U!U!s!'7#W02a6#R0!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!nn
2DE%(<!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!n=

@A•!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!n=
<!:!F]F G‡@A•!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!n=
<!:!:!d602j"klL"%20)DV%(c42d00)"ƒ%6„*65/9o*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!n>
<!U!A?‡@A•!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!sy
<!U!+!2"W0Q_!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!sy
<!U!:!%2Ld%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!sy
<!U!U!DT6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!sy
<!U!<!FN0Q*"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!sy
<!U!n!"%2qDr%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!sy
<!<!gtG!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!s+
<!<!+!2m%("Z%(9o*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!s+
<!<!:!gu02.R00)Y%(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!s+
<!<!U!gu02.R0&3%425%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!s:
<!<!<!gu02.R062v9L369o*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!sU
<!<!n!gu02.R0g2*"02d69o*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!s<
?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ss
^!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ss
iii
DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG BIỂU
Tên bảng Trang
'%(+, /0)1%2&3%425%627628("596*%2 :;
'%(:,2.6b.%DT66„*65/67%0)7%(#Dj%DE96O42$ <+
'%(U,"$.62.p%65/67%6O42$Q}90)Y%( <:
'%(<,R0Q_0)Y%(6O42$V%DT60*2"W%%*/ <:
'%(n,2j"#|#O0•[W&3%6O42$2O%(%v9 <:
'%(s,"….[D•%(&3%425%#Dj%DE90.9 <=
'%(;,"….[D•%(&3%425%#Dj%DE9&b. <>
iv
PHẦN I
CÂY CÔNG NGHIỆP NGẮN NGÀY

Chương 1
CÂY ĐJU TƯƠNG
Z0"S0,s‘02./S0,yn0"S0’&O"0R4c02'7[.R%,y+0"S0
A) MỤC TIÊU:
*.k2"2m6M7%(#"$%6b%2"ƒ.QD•6,
- Về kiến thức: "d0){k"%20Sc[{62L‚42d00)"ƒ%c%(.Y%(Z6425%[7\"6“%(%2De./0)1%2
ku02.R00)Y%(65/QR.0DE%(!
- Về kỹ năng:2R%&"S09_0LZ("Z%(QR.0DE%(0)7%(L'%M.N0ce./0)1%20)Y%(QR.
0DE%(02596*%26Ž%(%(2W6*7!
- Về thái độ:"%2#"$%6b%6302d"Q_%(2"$90‹60)7%(e.d0)1%22m60R4c%(2"$%6P.c
QY%(02j"Ld%(0\70)7%(2m60R4#O0"S402.%2”%(0)"02P69T"!
B) NỘI DUNG:
1.1. LỊCH SỬ PHÁT TRIỂN CÂY ĐJU TƯƠNG
1.1.1 . Giá trị kinh tế của cây đậu tương
•  FR.  0DE%(  [O  65/  63  ("d  0){  k"%2  0S  6*7  &V"  0)7%(  2\0  63  62P*  )Ž0$"%c  "4o0c
2/Q)d06d6&7%c6d662N0k27d%(#O6d6#"0*9"%!
•)7%(2\0QR.0DE%(6w%63k2d%2"….[7\"#"0*9"%Q†6&"W0[O#"0*9"%
+
#O
:
!(7O"
)*6w%636d6[7\"#"0*9"%%2D#"0*9"%c#"0*9"%c#"0*9"%–c#"0*9"%gc#"0*9"%c
#"0*9"%!!!!#O6d6[7\"9.Z"k27d%(k2d6!
1.1.2. Tình hình sản xuất và nghiên cứu cây đậu tương trên thế giới
1%221%2L'%M.N0#O%(2"$%6P.65/QR.0DE%(0)$%02S("T"6R4%2R0e.*0x%(%v9!
1.1.3. Tình hình sản xuất và nghiên cứu đậu tương ở Việt Nam
1.1.3.1. Tình hình sản xuất ở Việt Nam
"W%0o62c%v%(L.N0cL'%[D•%(QR.0DE%(V"W0*96R4%2R0e.*6d6%v9
1.1.3.2. Tình hình nghiên cứu ở Việt Nam
•R40).%(62m%0\7("Z%(QR.0DE%(62o%LT9QƒQD*#O7625%QN0:#|[‹*+#|QR.

0DE%(9O#—%Q'9&'70o%262N002j"#|%2Œ9%5%(6*72"W.e.'L‚q|%(QN0!
•2m%("Z%(QR.0DE%(02o622•4627#|M.5%VQN0&˜"#™%(0).%(q.6d60š%29"…%%‹"
42o*&›6c%v%(L.N0Q\0:y•:n0\œ2*c62{.2\%#Oo0%2"`9#")‹0!
•2m%("Z%(QR.0DE%(627#™%(5/(./$%630"…9%v%(%v%(L.N06*7:n•:;
0\œ2*c0)7%(#|28&›0Qb.("}70x02d%(UcQR.0DE%(28627#™%(FŽ%(*9_&›0Qb.("}7
#O702d%(<!
•2m%0\7("Z%(QR.0DE%(02o62P%()_%(6302ƒ("}70)Y%(6'U#|,•.5%c28#O02.QŽ%(!
•2m%("Z%(02o622•4627#"W60)Y%(M}%c0)Y%((Z"#|c[.5%6*%20v%(#|%2Œ9%5%(
6*762N0[D•%(Qj"LZ%(627%25%q5%9O#—%Q'9&'70o%202j"#|QY%(02j"[O90v%(2"W.
e.'L‚q|%(QN0!
1
1.2. NGUỒN GỐC
1.2.1. Nguồn gốc
•FR.0DE%(63%(./$%L'%V625.#O63%(.Y%(Z60x).%( Z6!
•5/QR.0DE%(QD•602.b%27dV).%( Z6e.*%2"….0)"….Q\"0"…%427%(k"S%#O
QD•6QD*#O70)Y%(0)m0#Ok2'7Ld06302ƒ0)7%(0)"….Q\"2*%(%v9+;yy•++yy!0)DT6
6Ž%(%(./$%!
1.2.2. Phân loại
FR.  0DE%(  02._6  62"   [/6"%}c   2m   QR.   }(.9"%7L*}c   2m  42|  6d%2  &DT9
*4"["7%7"q}*}#O&_2*L}7[}*}!FR.0DE%(630$%k27*2m6[O[/6"%}*M}))!
1.3. ĐẶC ĐIỂM THỰC VJT HỌC
1.3.1. Bộ rễ và sự hình thành nốt sần
`QR.0DE%(02._6[7\")`6m6(Y963)`6d"#O6d6)`&$%!)`6d"6302ƒv%L5.0T"+ny
69c)`&$%v%%(*%(0T"<y•ny69!0)7%(Q"….k"W%0))Y%(0)m0&1%202Dj%()`425%&Z62„/S.
V[T4QN0+y•+n69
1.3.2. Thân, cành, lá
•25%QR.0DE%(02._6[7\"025%02'7639_0o0(•c21%20)w%c63%2"….[Ž%(0E&*742„
[O9%2"W9#|Q"….0"S0La027d02E"%DT6#O62Z%(L5.&W%2!
•25%62"*[O9%2"….QZ0c62"….6*7025%0.l02._60x%(("Z%(c0).%(&1%20x:y•sy
69!g2"6w%%7%025%639O.M*%227†60o9c9O.L›6025%630DE%(e.*%62†062ž#T"9O.

L›627*c025%M*%227*0)›%(c025%0o927*0o9!0)$%025%9*%(6d66O%2c[d!
•O%2QR.0DE%(9m6)*0x6d6QZ00)$%025%!*.k2"9m6+n%(O/QR.0DE%(425%
6O%2cV6d6QZ0:cncs6O%29m6k27Ÿ%2N0!Z6O%20)$%025%42|02._6#O7("Z%(c9R0Q_#O
02j"#|0)Y%(!"Z%(62o%LT9("}7#|M.5%62š63+27†6:6O%2c("Z%(62o%9._%("}7#|28
6302ƒ630x<QS%+y6O%2!
•dQR.0DE%((Y9U[7\"[d[O[d9b9c[dQE%#O[dk 4
•d9b90‚q"W463%2"W9#|6.%(6N4q"%2qDr%(62765/k2"9T"9m6c[‹6Qb.[d
9b9639O.0)›%(L*.Q362./ƒ%L*%(9O.M*%2[|6)Y"#O%(#O0}7)|%(Q"
•dQE%[d%(./$%(Y9:[d9m6QZ"MP%(%2*.VQZ002P:c[dQE%07cM*%2c&3%(
&"ƒ.2"W%#…L*.65/L"%20)DV%(k27Ÿ
•dk 4[d02R002Dj%(63U[d62 0c6d&"W063<cn[d62 0!
•d62 063%2"….21%2q\%(k2d6%2*.c6302ƒ21%2qO"c0)w%c&b.q|6c[Dr"9d6!!!0.l
02}7("Z%(c%2D%(02Ž%(02Dj%(%(Dj"0*62š425%[O9:[7\"k2d6%2*.Q3[O[d)_%(#O[d
2¡4!†0[d02Dj%(63%2"….[Ž%(0)›%(c6d6("Z%([dqO"63k2'%v%(62{.2\%k2d2E%!21%2
q\%([d63["$%e.*%QS%LZ2\0œe.'c[d)_%(%2"….2\0œe.'#O%(D•6[\"!
1.3.3. Hoa, quả, hạt
•7*QR.0DE%(9m6)*V%d626„*6d6[d27†6%(m%c9•"%d62[d9*%(9_062™927*c
9•"62™90x:•n27*c27*639O.0o927†69O.0)›%(!
•7*QR.0DE%()N0& cqO"0xs•;9902._6[7\"27*[Dr%(0o%20a02|c0•[W0\4("*70a
%2"$%02N4ycn¢! d0)1%202|42N%QD•60"S%2O%20)DT6k2"27*%V#1#R/9OQR.0DE%()N0
k23&{027d"27d("Z%(!7*%V0x=
2
Ld%(QS%+:
2
0)D*c9™*28%VLT92E%9™*QŽ%(
2
• 'QR.0DE%(02._6[7\"e.'("d4c2E"67%(c&$%%(7O"63%2"….[Ž%(&*742„!Ze.'
0)$%65/0.l02._602}7("Z%(cQ"….k"W%%(7\"6'%2#OQ"….k"W%62v9L36c9•"65/630x+y•
nyye.'02Dj%(0xUy•nye.'!•"e.'630x+•<2\0c0).%(&1%2:•U2\0ck2"62o%e.'%Ÿ[O9
2\0)E"M.Z%(QN0

•\0Q5.0DE%((Y9#Š2\0c2*"[d9b9#O42Ž"c2*"[d9b962"S9>y¢0)m%([D•%(
2\0c0)$%#Š2\063[•02Ž%(k2o(m"[O)Z%2\0c)Z%2\06O%([T%2\06O%(k23&'7e.'%#Oq`
9N0LP6%'/9b9
1.4. CÁC THỜI KỲ SINH TRƯỞNG PHÁT TRIỂN
1.4.1. Thời kỳ nảy mầm và mọc
•›0Qb.0xk2"2\02‹0%DT60)DE%([$%c9b942Ž"QD•642d0Q_%(L"%20)DV%(L*.Q3
9b99m6[$%k2Š"9†0QN0%2jLaq.•")*6„*#w%(6.%(6„*0)|6qDT"[d9b9c[d9b9M78)*!
•2j"kl%O/65/67%LZ%(62„/S.%2j#O7%(.Y%q"%2qDr%(qa0)”0)7%(:[d9b9c
k2"2S062N0q"%2qDr%([d9b962./ƒ%L*%(9O.#O%()Y"0}7)|%(Q"!2j"kl%O/k 7qO"0x
n•;%(O/c%S.Q"….k"W%&N002.R%0x+y•+n%(O/c02j"kl%O/%3e./S0Q{%26d602j"klL"%2
0)DV%(6„*65/#…L*.%$%42'"62‹‘6d6k25.%2D42p962N02\0("Z%(c[O9QN00E"MZ4cQ„
Q_p9c%2"W0Q_#OQ_L5.("}72\0Qƒ2\09m6Q„cQ….c%2*%2!
1.4.2. Thời kỳ cây con
•o%20xk2"9m6QS%k2"65/%V27*Qb.0"$%c02j"kl%O/qO"2*/%(›%0.l02._60x%(
("Z%(c02j"#|#OQ"….k"W%%(7\"6'%2c0).%(&1%20x:y•<y%(O/!
•2j"kl%O/("*"Q7\%Qb.65/L"%20)DV%(025%[d62R9c)`42d00)"ƒ%9\%2c6d6%Z0
Lb%0)$%)`&›0Qb.21%202O%2#O0v%(%2*%2#…LZ[D•%(!FS%k2"65/62.p%&{)*%|c)*27*
0210Z6Q_L"%20)DV%(6„*65/0v%(%2*%2cLa425%27dQZ0#O9b927*6“%(q"`%)*0)7%(
("*"Q7\%%O/!
1.4.3. Thời kỳ ra hoa
•2j"kl)*27*6„*65/QR.0DE%(qO"02Dj%(U•<0.b%c63k2"k 7qO"0T"s0.b%cQ5/[O
02j"kl)N0e.*%0)m%(#1'%22DV%(0T"%v%(L.N0!("Z%(62o%LT90)7%(#|28L*.9m6
Uy%(O/)*27*c0)7%(k2"Q3("Z%(62o%9._%<n•ny%(O/9T")*27*!
•|2802j"("*%%V27*qO"%2N0:y•Uy%(O/c#|QŽ%(02j"("*%%V27*%(›%%2N0+:•
:y%(O/c#1#R/#|QŽ%(6b%0)Y%(#O62v9L36LT9!
•3:%239)*27*[O)*27*2”.2\%#O)*27*#Ž2\%
£239)*27*2”.2\%c27*02Dj%(%V0x%2”%(QZ0("”*025%[$%0)$%)Y"M.Z%(qDT"c
k2")*27*65/%(x%(L"%20)DV%(#…62"….6*7c0R%6™%(Qš%2[O9_062™927*
£239)*27*#Ž2\%c27*%V0xqDT"[$%0)$%k2")*27*65/#—%0"S40|6L"%20)DV%(#…
62"….6*7ce.'6„*%3425%&Z0DE%(QZ"Q….0)$%025%

1.4.4. Thời kỳ hình thành quả, hạt
•*.k2"27*%Vn•;%(O/e.'&›0Qb.QD•621%202O%2#OL*.:y%(O/e.'Q\0ko62
02DT60Z"Q*!
1.4.5. Thời kỳ chín
FD•60o%20xk2"[d62./ƒ%9O.#O%(QS%k2"62o%k2Ž02.27\62cQ_p90)7%(2\0("'9
%2*%20x>y¢M.Z%(ny¢k2"La0o62[.u62N0k2Ž(b%27O%02O%2Q_p90)7%(2\0("'9Q_0
3
%(_00xUy¢M.Z%(+n¢[‹6%O/07O%&_[d62./ƒ%9O.#O%()Y"k2Ž)|%(!QR.0DE%(62o%6b%
02j"0"S0k2Ž)d7%S.(†4Q"….k"W%p9DT02\0&{02Z"c9Z6c%S.(†402j"0"S0e.dk2ŽQƒ[5.
e.'%Ÿ0\")._%(!
1.5. YÊU CẦU SINH THÁI
1.5.1. Nhiệt độ
•¤%(0o62Ž%&"S%Q_%(0x+===•:;yy
y
0.l02}7("Z%(62o%LT92*/62o%9._%!
•2j"kl9m69b9%2"W0Q_02o622•40x:n•Uy
y
c0Z"02N4n
y
c0Z"6*7<y
y
!S.%2W0
Q_0)$%<y
y
#OqDT"+y
y
[O9("'90•[W9m69b9!
•2j"klL"%20)DV%(025%[d%2"W0Q_02o622•40x::•:;
y
cV("*"Q7\%[dQE%QR.

0DE%(62{.) 0k2dc%362{.QD•6%2"W0Q_qDT"y
y
!
•2j"kl)*27*kS0e.'%2"W0Q_02o622•40x:=•U:
y
c%2"W0Q_+y
y
%(v%6'%La425%
27d27*c%2"W0Q_qDT"+=
y
[O9("'90•[WQR.27*cQR.e.'c%2"W0Q_0)$%<y
y
'%22DV%(
MN.QS%e.d0)1%221%202O%2QZ0c42d00)"ƒ%[3%(c425%27d27*#O#R%62./ƒ%62N0q"%2
qDr%(#…e.'c2\0[O962N0[D•%(2\0k 9!
1.5.2. Ánh sáng
• FR.0DE%([O65/%(O/%(›%Q"ƒ%21%20P6[O62š)*27*kS0e.'0)7%(Q"….k"W%d%2
Ld%(%(O/%(›%!S.02j"("*%62"S.Ld%(+%(O/¥+:("j0219m"("Z%(62o%LT9c62o%9._%
L*.k2"9m6:n•Uy%(O/Q….)*27*!
• FR.0DE%([O65/L‚q|%(d%2Ld%(636Dj%(Q_6*7k 96d665/k2d6%2D%(Žc9o*!
3&˜727Od%2Ld%(V6Dj%(Q_:Us=y[.M:y¢d%2Ld%(9†00)j"&.¤"0)D*q7Q3%(Dj"0*
6302ƒ0)Y%(M}%QR.0DE%(#T"9_0LZ65/0)Y%(k2d6!
1.5.3. Độ ẩm
1.5.3.1. Độ ẩm đất
•FR.0DE%([O65/D*p9%2D%(k2Ž%(62{.QD•6‹%(c[D•%(9D*6b%6276'e.d0)1%2
L"%20)DV%(0xUny•syy99c/$.6b.Q_p9V9•"02j"klL"%20)DV%(63k2d6%2*.!
•2j"kl9m69b9Q_p902o622•4;y•;n¢!S.e.dk2Ž2\0k2Ž%(9m6QD•6%Œ9[5.
0)7%(QN02\0Lž&{02Z"c%S.e.dp9QN0&o02"S.7M"2\0k2Ž%(9m6QD•6!
1.5.3.2. Độ ẩm không khí
g2"QR.0DE%()*27*%S.(†402j"0"S0k2Ž)d7ck2Ž%(639D*[T%ck2Ž%(63("305/

%3%(021e.d0)1%202|42N%02|0"%2q"`%)*02.R%[•"0•[WQR.e.'6*7!2j"kl0\7e.'/$.
6b.Q_p9k2Ž%(k2o0v%([$%0\7Q"….k"W%627e.d0)1%2#R%62./ƒ%#R062N00x025%[d#…
e.'c2\0[O9627e.'0)w%6v%(c0)m%([D•%(2\00v%(%v%(L.N06*7!
1.5.4. Đất
•FR.0DE%(62{.9†%#O62{.62.*k 92E%%2"….65/0)Y%(k2d6Q_46302ƒ42d0
0)"ƒ%&1%202Dj%(QD•6[O0xncy•=cycQ_402o622•4%2N0[Oscy•;cy!
1.5.5. Dinh dưỡng khoáng cần thiết đối với đậu tương
•3+s%(./$%0Z6b%02"S0627L"%20)DV%(6„*65/QR.0DE%(
1.6. KỸ THUJT TRỒNG
1.6.1. Giống đậu tương
™%(›6).%(_, ‹6*9FO%c‹62m•.5%#OgyU!
4
™%(*9).%(_, FR.%O%2"%2E%c*02d%(%2"W4cFR.%O%2•.5% *%(c
Y%((ac2E%g2d%2c"`%2DT6c"%27*!
Vùng Cao Nguyên: FR. LŸ g7% .9c \0 07 2D L$c * 2d%( ¦.%4*c \0 07
¦.%4*c*02d%(2D(*)cŸ/*62"9c\007"$%(2§*#OF;!
Vùng Đông Nam Bộ: •:c•>:c•=;•ncFR.%O%25%/$%cFR.%O%2Fb.q5/c
>;•++c>;•+:#O>;•+U.
Vùng Đồng bằng sông ‚. Long: F;sc F•::c F•snc F•+:yc F•+;sc
F•<nnc*9*%(#OŽŽ%U!
1.6.2. Thời vụ gieo trồng
Cơ sở để xác định thời vụ
•FN0Q*"
•v%6P#O762SQ_6*%20d6
•v%6P#O7("Z%(
•v%6P#O7Q"….k"W%k2o2R.
- Vụ xuân
£2j"#| ("}7 02o622•4%2N0627#™%(9"…%%‹"42o*&›6[O,+nœ:•[yœU’
£FY%(&Œ%(,+œ:•+n+:
£›6).%(_,[yœ+•+yœ:

£$%6\%2M.5%62o%26w%63#|M.5%28("}70x02d%(+yœU•+yœ<!
- Vụ hè
+ "Z%(62o%LT9, :nœn•Uyœs
+ "Z%(62o%0).%(&1%2,+nœn•+nœs
+ "Z%(62o%9._%,:yœ<•:nœn
- Vụ đông
£2j"#|("}7LT96.Z"02d%(>Qb.02d%(+y%3"62.%(6O%(LT96O%(0Z0c6Z(›%(
kS002‹60)DT6:yœ+y!
£i9"…%*9cQ"….k"W%k2o2R.N9d4cQR.0DE%(("}70x:yœ+:QS%02d%(+c#|28
02.("}702d%(<•nc#|02.QŽ%(("}702d%(;•=!
1.6.3. Mật độ khoảng cách
* Cơ sở để xác định mật độ
•v% 6P #O7 Q†6 0o%2 6„*("Z%(, "Z%( 62o% LT9c 02N4 65/c 425% 6O%2 o0 0*0)Y%(
qO/c#T"("Z%(62o%9._%c65/6*7c6O%2%2"….0*42'"0)Y%(02D*!
•v%6P#O702j"#|, |M.5%#O#|QŽ%(0)7%(Q"….k"W%%2"W0Q_02N42*/&{k2Ž2\%
65/L"%20)DV%(k 90210*0)Y%(qO/2E%L7#T"#|28#O2802.%3%(p9!
•v%6P#O7QN0Q*", FN00Z0%2"….9O.0*0)Y%(02D*cQN0MN.o09O.0*0)Y%(qO/!
•v%6P#O79P6Q_02596*%26„*0x%(%E", Fb/Q„425%&3%c62v9L360Z0
021
0)Y%(02D*c0)d"[\"o0425%62v9L36k 90210*42'"0)Y%(qO/!
¨Mật độ gieo cụ thể
•Giống chín sớm: F'9&'7 ny•sy65/œ9:ck27'%( 6d62 6| 02ƒ, 2O%( 6d62 2O%(Uy•
Un69c65/6d6265/n•s69c27†6k2396d62k239:y69œU•<65/!
5
•Giống chín trung bình: F'9 &'7 <y•ny 65/œ9:ck27'%( 6d62 6| 02ƒ [O 2O%(6d62
2O%(Un•<y69c65/6d6265/;•=69c27†6k2396d62k239:y69œU•<65/!
•Giống chín muộn: +n•:y 65/œ9:ck27'%( 6d62 6| 02ƒ [O 2O%( 6d62 2O%( <y•<n69c
65/6d6265/+:•+n69c27†6k2396d62k239:n69œ:65/!
1.6.4. Kỹ thuật bón phân
¨Qui trình bón phân

FƒQ\0%v%(L.N06*7c42p962N00Z0021QR.0DE%(6b%QD•6&3%Qb/Q„425%2”.6E
#O6d6[7\"425%k27d%(k2d6ce."0)1%2&3%425%62765/QR.0DE%(%2DL*.,
Liều lượng: "….[D•%(425%&3%627+2*
•25%62.Y%(,s•+y0N%
•25%Q\9, [y•:y•Uy©ny•[yyk(Q\9L.%ª*027†6:y•<yk(Q\9.)$
•5%, <y•=y
:

n
 ©+ny•Uyyk(.4}[5%
•g*[", <y•;yg
:
©=y•+nyk(k*["L.%ª*0
•Ž", Uyy•nyyk(#Ž"&_0!
Cách bón:
•3%07O%&_#Ž"0)DT6[‹6&x*[b%6.Z"6™%(
•3%[30#O7)˜%227†62Z607O%&_425%62.Y%(6_%(07O%&_[5%#O9_0%‚*LZQ\9
#OLZ425%k*["!*.k2"&3%[30425%62.Y%(#O425%#Ž6E6b%q™%(QN0%2Š[N4 ko% 07O%
&_425%qO/:•U69c0)d%2Qƒ425%0"S4M‹6#T"2\0[O9("'90š[W%'/9b9!
•3% 02‹6, 3%+œ:[D•%(425%Q\9#Ok*["6w%[\"#O7[‹665/63U•n[dk 4!3%
6d62(Z6U•n69L*.Q3MT"#.%[N407O%&_425%!
1.6.5. Chăm sóc
1.6.5.1. Dặm tỉa cây
• b% 0"S% 2O%2 q†9 #O7[‹6 65/ 63 : [d QE%c &V" %S. q†9 9._% 65/ L"%2 0)DV%(
k2Ž%(Q….!
•™%(2\0("Z%(6™%(("Z%(Qƒ("}7q†9#O762•k2Ž%(9m6!
• š* 65/ %2Œ9 Q"…. 0"S0 q"W% 0o62 q"%2qDr%(#Od%2Ld%(62765/c6“%(0š*LT9[‹6
65/639_0[d02R0!
1.6.5.2. Xới vun và làm cỏ
•2Œ9 0"$. q"W0 6Š q\" 0\7 Q"…. k"W% 627 )` #O #" L"%2 #R0 27\0 Q_%(! g"%2%(2"W9

62702N/#.%MT":•U[b%6302ƒ[O90v%(%v%(L.N0+:•:U¢!
•2j" kl %'/ 9b9, 5/ LZ%( 62„ /S. &Œ%( q"%2 qDr%( 0)7%( : [d 9b9 %S.(†4
9D*02142'"MT"%2¡42d#d%(QN0!
•2j"kl65/67%,g2"65/63U•n[dk 4c65/&›0Qb.LZ%(Q_6[R4c%Z0Lb%&›0Qb.M.N0
2"W%!‹6%O/c0"S%2O%2MT"Q•0+kS02•4#T"[O96Š#O&3%02‹6%Z0LZ425%6w%[\"!
••T"Q•0:L*.[b%+k27'%(+y•+n%(O/#O7[‹6Q365/63n•s[dk 4!‹6%O/[T4)`
02P : 42d00)"ƒ% #O #" L"%2 #R0 27\0 Q_%( 9\%2 %$%6b% MT" #.% k{402j" L5. n•;69 0v%(
6Dj%(k2' %v%( 2N402. q"%2qDr%( 627 65/QR. 0DE%(!T" ("Z%( 62o%9._%6302ƒMT"
#.%[b%02PUk2"65/L›4)*27*27†6L*.%2”%(0)R%9D*[T%6b%MT"42d#d%(!
•g2" 65/ &›0 Qb. )* 27* 0./W0 QZ" k2Ž%(QD•6 MT" #.%'%2 2DV%( 0T" 27*c %|,g2"
6
65/21%202O%2e.')Y"65/Q36302ƒ#.%QD•6!
1.6.5.3. Điều tiết nước
•FR.0DE%([O65/0)Y%(6\%)N06b%%DT6#O6“%()N0L•%DT6
• DT" %DT6 627 QR. 0DE%( 0Z0 %2N0 [O 0DT" 02}7 )˜%2L*. Q3 02d7%(*/ck27'%(
=yy9Uœ2*!
1.6.5.4. Bấm ngọn
•N9 %(m% 63 0d6 q|%( Q"…. 0"S0 QD•6 q"%2 qDr%( #O Q"…. k2"ƒ% QD•6 0d% 65/627
La42d00)"ƒ%65%QZ"cQƒ0R40).%(q"%2qDr%(6279b927*42d00)"ƒ%ce.'%2"….!
• g2" &N9 42'" Q‹%([‹6 &N9 e.d LT9 n [d k 4 021 65/ Lž /S. QZ0 o0c 6O%2 o02\%
62S0\721%202O%262765/c%2D%(9._%e.d>[d6O%2Q˜qO"02$96*70212"W.e.'&N9
6O%202N4c627%$%&N90Z0%2N0[O[‹6s•=[d!
1.6.5.5. Khử lá đậu tương trước khi thu hoạch
Cách thứ nhất: )DT6 %(O/ 02. 27\62 0x n QS% ; %(O/c q™%( ycU k( 9.Z" v%
*[c27†6ycUk(425%k*["%Y%(Q_9.Z"#Ok*["636*72E%9_062‹06“%(k2Ž%('%2
2DV%( QS% QN0 0)Y%( #O 2\0 QR.c 27O #T" +y [o0 %DT6 42.% %2D 42.% 02.Z6 0)xL5.627+
LO7›6&_Usy9:c0)DT6k2"02.27\62[dLž)|%((b%2S0!
Cách thứ hai: 27%DT60)O%)._%(L5.0x+n•:y69c%(59["$%0|60xU•n%(O/c62‹‘
k2Ž%(Qƒ%DT602N9#O7e.'!*.02d76\%%DT6c[dLž)|%((b%2S0!d62%O/0./k2Ž%(
2*/&Œ%(6d6202P%2N0c%2D%()N00"W%#T"02a60SV#|2802.cQY%(0)“%(9D*%2"….!

1.6.5.6. Biện pháp giảm sự rụng hoa, quả và quả lép
¨Đặc điểm của sự rụng hoa và quả:
•7*)|%(62„/S.[O%2”%(27*)*0)DT627†6L*.Q•027*)_!
•"Z%(L"%20)DV%(#…L*.9\%2021)|%(%2"….c("Z%(L"%20)DV%(#Ž2\%0210š[W)|%(
27*%2"….2E%("Z%(L"%20)DV%(2”.2\%!
•7*e.'VQš%2#OV(Z6)|%(%2"….2E%V("”*ce.'V6O%2)|%(2E%%2"….V
025%!
•7*02Dj%()|%(0x%(O/02P%2N0QS%%(O/02P;L*.k2"27*%V
¨Nguyên nhân của rụng hoa và quả
«Do đặc tính di truyền của giống: d6 ("Z%( k2d6 %2*. 021 0š [W )|%( 27* e.'[ 4
k2d6%2*.c0P6[O)|%(27*e.'[O9_0Q†60o%2q"0)./…%6„*6d6("Z%(QR.0DE%(!
«Do các nguyên nhân sinh lý: š[W)|%(27*e.'VQR.0DE%(6*7q702"S.q"%2qDr%(!
•2”%( 27*L*.Q•0 27* )_&{ )|%(%2"….#127*)*#O702j"kl)_[OQ•027*62o%2
%$% q"%2 qDr%( QD•6 0R4 0).%( #O7 Q3 6w% %2”%( 27* )* L*. Q•0 27* )Ž q702"S.q"%2
qDr%(627%$%)|%(%2"….!
•"Z%( L"%2 0)DV%( 2”.2\%o0)|%( 27* 2E%("Z%( L"%2 0)DV%( #Ž 2\% [O#1("Z%(
L"%20)DV%(#Ž2\%025%[d42d00)"ƒ%%2"….c%$%q"%2qDr%(0R40).%(627025%[d[O9627
27*02"S.q"%2qDr%(cq7#R/27*Lž&{)|%(%2"….!
•7* V Qš%2 #O %2”%( 27* V 42o* (Z6 )|%( %2"…. 2E% V 42b% ("”* [O q7 [d V42o*
qDT"&{ 62}42„c6w% [d V42o* 0)$% 42d0 0)"ƒ% 62D* 27O% 62š%2c9†0 k2d6 q"W%0o626d6[d
(Z6 #O %(m% 02N4 2E% 0b%( [d ("”* 627 %$% e.*%( 2•4 k 9 2E% 6d6 [d V("”*c627%$%
)|%(27*e.'%2"….2E%0b%([d("”*!
7
«Do điều kiện đất đai
«Do điều kiện khí hậu: FR. 0DE%( )* 27* 6b% %2"W0 Q_ 6*7 :n•:=
7
ck2" 62"%6b%
%2"W0Q_:+•:U
7
c#Op9Q_k27'%(=y¢%S.6'%2"W0Q_#Op9Q_Q….e.d6*727†6e.d

02N4c e.d 0)1%2 02| 42N% #O 02| 0"%2 Lž k2Ž%( QD•6 Mp/ )* &1%2 02Dj%( 27* e.'Lž)|%(
%2"….#Oe.'[ 40v%([$%!
«Các nguyên nhân khác:
d6&"W% 42d4 ku 02.R0, 6d6 &"W% 42d4 ku 02.R0 %2D 9R0 Q_ #O 02j" #| ("}70)Y%(
k2Ž%(02o622•427†6&3%425%k2Ž%(65%QZ"Qb/Q„0210š[W)|%(27*#O)|%(e.'0)$%65/
QR.0DE%(Lž6*7!
•5.&W%2
¨Nguyên nhân quả lép
•"%2qDr%(,2„/S.[Oq762N0q"%2qDr%(#10)V%(\" %O7 Q3k2Ž%(#R%62./ƒ%
["$%0|6QS%2\0!302ƒq7q"%2qDr%(k2Ž%(Q„%2D02"S.[5%#Ok*["021Q\9#R%62./ƒ%#…
2\0k 9%$%&{e.'[ 4!
•7("Z%(,"Z%(02N465/c02D*6O%2c02j"("*%L"%20)DV%(%(›%0210•[We.'[ 4o0!
•5.&W%242d27\"!
• Những biện pháp khắc phục
v%6P#O7%2”%(%(./$%%25%0*6302ƒq™%(6d6&"W%42d4L*.Q5/Qƒ2\%62S!
•2m%("Z%(630R40o%2)*27*2”.2\%#OL"%20)DV%(65%QZ"63(36Q_425%6O%2c
(36Q_[d#T"025%%2Š!
•3%425%Qb/Q„65%QZ"U%(./$%0Z62o%2,g#O62‹0)m%(&3%[30c0)Dj%(2•4
02"S.6302ƒ&3%02‹627†642.%&¤L.%([$%[d0)DT6k2"65/)*27*!
•"}70)Y%(#T"9R0Q_2•4[‘
•T" %2”%( ("Z%(L"%2 0)DV%( #Ž 2\% 63 02ƒ &N9 %(m% k{4 02j"Qƒ 425% 6O%2LT9
0R40).%(q"%2qDr%(Qƒ%.Ž"27*e.'!
•"}7 0)Y%( Q‹%( 02j"#| [O9 L*7k2" )* 27*k2Ž%( (†4 9D* #O(†4 ("3 %3%(c%S.
(†42\%6b%42'"0DT"k{402j"!
•g{402j"42w%(0)xL5.&W%2c42w%([O62o%242.%02}7qa0o%2qa&d7!
1.6.6. Ph}ng tr~ sâu bệnh
\""W0*9c e.*Q"….0)* 02N/ 63 0T" 2E% ;y [7\" L5. 2\"c U< 2mc = &_ #O +; [7\"
&W%2!)7%(Q363+:•+U[7\"L5.#O<QS%n[7\"&W%22\"42¤&"S%V%2"….
1.6.6.1. Sâu hại
- Sâu hại lá

- Sâu xanh (Plathypena scabra (F)
- Sâu cuốn lá đậu tương (Lamprosema indicata)
- Sâu đo đậu tương (Pseudoplusia includen Walker)
- Sâu ăn lá (Cerotoma trifurcata)
- Sâu hại quả
- Sâu đục quả đậu tương (Etiella zinckenella treit)
- Sâu hại thân
8
1.6.6.2. Bệnh hại đậu tương
* Bệnh hại lá
- Bệnh gỉ sắt (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow)
* Bệnh đốm nâu (Septoria glycine Hemmi)
* Bệnh sương mai (Peronosporqa manshurica)
* Bệnh hại rễ và thân
- Bệnh thối thân màu nâu (Braanr Stemrot)
- Bệnh thối rễ (phytophthora megasperma)
- Bệnh lở cổ rễ và thối thân lá (Rhizoctonia solani g.%}2%
«Bệnh hại hạt
• Bệnh đốm tím hạt (Cercosporna Kikuchii)
1.6.7. Thu hoạch, bảo quản đậu tương
•2.27\62&›0Qb.k2">y¢LZe.'0)$%65/639O.62o%Q†60)D%(!
•g2"02.27\62%$%0"S%2O%2#O7%(O/6302j"0"S0%›%()d7!
•FZ"#T"QR.0DE%([O9("Z%(cL*.k2"42E"QR4c6b%42'"LO%(L'/ce.\0L\62#Š#O0\4
62N0c[7\"&Š2\0MN.c2\0L5.&W%2!2E"2\0%E"%›%(q{.#O42E"0)$%#'"QW9c%7%(%"*c
k2Ž%(42E"2\00)a60"S40)$%%…%(\6227†6M"9v%(q`[O9%P0#Š2\0'%22DV%(0T"LP6LZ%(
#O0•[W%'/9O%6„*2\0cQƒ2\0%(._"0)DT6k2"QD*#O7&'7e.'%!
C) TÀI LIỆU HỌC TJP
¬+-! (./`%v%1%2c“F1%22o%2 +>>>! Giáo trình Cây công nghiệpc•Ž%(
(2"W4!
¬:-!(Ž2S5%62„&"$%c)b%F1%27%(+>>>!Cây Đậu tương!•Ž%(%(2"W4

¬U-!(./`%*%2FŽ%(+>=:)Y%(FR.0DE%(!•Ž%((2"W4
D) CÂU HỎI ÔN TJP, CHỦ ĐỀ THẢO LUJN:
* Câu hỏi ôn tập:
+!A$.6b.L"%202d"6„*65/QR.0DE%(®
:!F†6Q"ƒ9("Z%(QR.0DE%(®oq|!
U!gu02.R00)Y%(65/QR.0DE%(®¯%(q|%(0)7%(Q"….k"W%0š%22‹2m!
* Chủ đề thảo luận:
+!)"ƒ%#m%(42d00)"ƒ%65/QR.0DE%(6„*%DT60*!DT%(42d00)"ƒ%65/QR.0DE%(
0)7%(02j"("*%0T"!
:!•5/qa%(e./0)1%202596*%20)Y%(Q5.0DE%(42™2•4#T"Q"….k"W%Q{*42DE%(
*%262{!
9
Chương 2
CÂY LẠC
Z0"S0,ys‘02./S0,yn0"S0’&O"0R4c02'7[.R%,y+0"S0
A) MỤC TIÊU:
*.k2"2m6M7%(#"$%6b%2"ƒ.QD•6,
- Về kiến thức: "d0){k"%20Sc[{62L‚42d00)"ƒ%c%(.Y%(Z6425%[7\"6“%(%2De./0)1%2
ku02.R00)Y%(65/[\6!
- Về kỹ năng:2R%&"S09_0LZ("Z%(QR.0DE%(0)7%(L'%M.N0ce./0)1%20)Y%([\60259
6*%26Ž%(%(2W6*7!
- Về thái độ:"%2#"$%6b%6302d"Q_%(2"$90‹60)7%(e.d0)1%22m60R4c%(2"$%6P.c
QY%(02j"Ld%(0\70)7%(2m60R4#O0"S402.%2”%(0)"02P69T"!
B) NỘI DUNG:
2.1. LỊCH SỬ PHÁT TRIỂN CÂY LẠC
2.1.1. Giá trị kinh tế
)7%(2\0[\66362P*,"4o0<y•sy¢
)70}"%:s•U<¢
[.Mo0s•::¢
•}%[.[Ž:•:c<¢

DT6=•+y¢
"d0){0)7%(62v%%.Ž",g2Žqb.[\6[OL'%42p9k2Ž%(02ƒ02"S.0)7%(62v%%.Ž"c
2O9[D•%(4)70}"%0)7%(k2Žqb.0T"ny¢’["4"0;¢!
"d0){6'"0\7QN0,5/[\663‘%(2§*07[T%0)7%(#"W66'"0\7QN0%3630d6q|%(62}
42„62Z%(L3"9w%)‚*0)Ž"6.%(6N4[D•%(62N0M*%2[T%627QN0=•+y0N%025%[dœ2*!Z0
Lb%V)`[\663k2'%v%(6ZQ{%2Q\96.%(6N4Q\9627QN0#T"[D•%(0x;y•++yk(œ2*œ#|!
"d0){M.N0k2p.,'%42p9[\6[O9†02O%(%Ž%(L'%M.N0k2p.e.*%0)m%(!
2.1.2. Tình hình sản xuất lạc trên thế giới
"W%0o62c%v%(L.N0cL'%[D•%([\60)$%02S("T"6R4%2R0e.*6d6%v9!
2.1.3. Tình hình sản xuất lạc ở Việt Nam
"W%0o62c%v%(L.N0cL'%[D•%([\6V"W0*96R4%2R0e.*6d6%v9!
2.2. NGUỒN GỐC PHÂN LOẠI
2.2.1. Nguồn gốc
\6)*62"L2/47(}*}•6w%(m"[O°QR.42_%(±63%(.Y%(Z6*9u!2j
k2'76¤2m6#OQ{*02a6#R02m6%(Dj"0*6302ƒMd6Q{%2%(.Y%(Z665/[\6!
g)*47#"6k*L+>s=627)Œ%(#™%(7[7#"*%*97[7#"*•5/&›662}%0"%*[O
#™%(%(./$%L'%6„*[7O"[\60)Y%(!2}7Ž%(c#™%(%O/63n0).%(05942d0%(./$%6„*[\6
0)Y%(!)}(7)/+>;s&¤L.%(02$90).%(05902PscQ3[O6d6#™%(L*.,
•™%(.*)*%"*)*(7*/c*)*9*
•™%(7"*L#O"%*L})*"L76*%0"%c*%!²)*%M"L67
•™%(7%q7%"*#O05/&›6*07%*99*¦7%
10
•™%(7[7#"*%05/%*99*¦7%
•™%(}).#"*%0)$%9*¦7%#O#}%&"ƒ%9"…%05/
•FŽ%(&›6)*M"%¤M.%(6„*)}(7)/
2.2.2. Phân loại
"W%%*/qa*02}7Q†60o%2425%6O%2#OQ†6Q"ƒ9%V27*%(Dj"0*62"*[O9:%239,
•239425%%2d%2M}%kž,\%(")("%"*
•239425%6O%2["$%0|6,\%(*[}%6"*#O4*%"L202._6[7O"42|²*L0"("*0*
2.3. ĐẶC ĐIỂM THỰC VJT HỌC

2.3.1. Bộ rễ và sự hình thành nốt sần
•`[\602._6[7\")`6m6c)`6d"6302ƒv%L5.0T"+cU9c)`&$%425%%2d%2%2"….6N4#O
425%&Z62„/S.VQ_L5.y•Uy69!
•Z0Lb%Qb.0"$%M.N02"W%k2"65/63<•n[d02R0#O0v%(qb%#…LZ[D•%(#OQ\0Qš%2
6*7V02j"kl)*27*kS0e.'!
•Z0Lb%63:[7\"[O%Z0Lb%2”.2"W.#O%Z0Lb%#Ž2"W.!Z0Lb%2”.2"W.[O%2”%(%Z0
Lb%07c&$%0)7%(63q{629O.2Y%(cq{629O.2Y%(Q3630$%[O}(2}97([7&"%c62N0%O/63
%2"W9#|#R%62./ƒ%7M"("‹4627e.d0)1%26ZQ{%2Q\96„*#"k2.p%%Z0Lb%!
•Z0Lb%0R462.%(62„/S.V42b%(Z6)`#1#"k2.p%%Z0Lb%[O[7\"#"L"%2#R02'7k2oc
<y•ny¢%Z0Lb%V[T4QN0y•:n696O%(M.Z%(L5.%Z0Lb%6O%(("'9!
2.3.2. Thân, cành, lá lạc
•25%,2._6[7\"025%02'7639_0o0(•ck2"6w%%7%0)w%Q†6ck2"("O02Dj%(636\%2
#O("•%(("”*!25%6302ƒ6*70T"+yy•+ny69c&1%202Dj%(6*7Uy•ny69!25%02Dj%(63
9O.M*%2o0k2"639O.QŠ0o9#O63%2"….[Ž%(0E9O.0)›%(!)$%025%62"*[O9%2"….QZ0c
QZ042o*qDT"02Dj%(%(›%cQZ0("”*025%qO")*#OQZ0V%(m%%(›%
•O%2,\663k2'%v%(Q596O%2)N0[T%cLZ6O%2#O6N46O%20)$%65/42|02._6
02}70x%(("Z%(c%239!3%23963:•U6N46O%2#T"LZ6O%20xs•+:6O%2c63%239630T"
<•;6N46O%2LZ6O%2Q\0:y•Uy6O%2!
• d,Y963U[7\"[d[O[d9b9c[d02R0#O[dk89
• d9b9(Y9:[d0Y%0\"V02j"klQb.6.%(6N4q"%2qDr%(62765/L*.Q30}7)|%(Q"
• d02R002._6[7\"[dk 421%2[Ž%(62"963<[d62 09m6QZ"%2*.c21%2q\%([d62 0
k2d6%2*.42|02._6#O7("Z%(6302ƒ21%20)P%(c&b.q|6cQb.[d%2m%&Œ%(27†6[³9!
•dk89%Œ9V6.Z%([d02R063:[dk8921%29“"9d627†69Š62"9
2.3.3. Hoa, quả, hạt
•7*,7*[\6639O.#O%(9m602O%262™9V%d62[d9•"62™9630xU•;27*!
•7*02._6[7\"27*[Dr%(0o%20a02|42N%[O62„/S.!7*63:[7\"[O27*&1%202Dj%(#O
27*%(R9!7*%(R9[O%2”%(27*V(b%(Z665/c6d%227*k2Ž%(9V07639O.#O%(%2\0#O63
Z%(Q*"%(›%c27*%(R963k2'%v%(02|42N%02|0"%2c)*27*kS0e.'%2D27*&1%202Dj%(!
•N.0\76„*27*[\6(Y9[d&›6cnQO"cn6d%2c+y%2{027d"27d:6w%=%2{0)7%(Q3<
%2{qO"#O<%2{%(›%MS4M}%kž%2*.c<%2{qO"63&*742N%27O%62š%221%2&b.q|663:

%(v%c<%2{%(›%k2Ž%(63&*742N%27O%62š%2c&*742N%21%20)w%63+%(v%!2|/(Y963
#w"%2.´%‹9%2|/#O&b.%2|/
11
• ',*.k2"02|42N%02|0"%2M7%(021&b.27*42d00)"ƒ%02O%20"*Q59M.Z%(QN0Qƒ
21%202O%2e.'[\6! '[\663:q\%([Oq\%(k %0Œ9#Oq\%(%(3%0*/cq\%(k %0Œ902Dj%(
63:%25%cq\%(%(3%0*/630xU•<%25%!Še.'63U[T4[O%_"0).%(#O%(7\"&1c#Še.'63
0x+y•+s(5%qm6#O%2"….(5%%(*%(0\702O%221%29\%(%2W%M™M1c9Še.'2E"qO"c0™
27†62E"67%(("‹40*425%&"W0QD•6("Z%([\6! '63}7[D%(#O}7&|%(c}76302ƒ02›0
27†6k2Ž%(02›0c02›0e.d6“%(k2Ž%(0Z0
•\0,d62\00)7%(+e.'6302ƒQ….27†6k2Ž%(Q….%2*.c2\063%2"….9O.L›6k2d6
%2*.%2D2Y%(c0)›%(cQŠc0o9!O.0)›%(#O2Y%([O0Z0%2N0QD•602{0)Dj%(D*62._%(!N.
0\76„*2\0(Y9#Š[|*c:[d9b9#O9b9!9b9(Y963Qš%29b9025%9b9#O)`9b9!
)m%([D•%(2\00.l02._602}7("Z%(#Oku02.R062v9L36c0).%(&1%20)m%([D•%(+yy2\00x
ny•;y(*9!
2.4. CÁC THỜI KỲ SINH TRƯỞNG PHÁT TRIỂN
2.4.1. Thời kỳ nảy mầm và mọc
•O02j"kl9VQb.62727\0Q_%(LZ%(6„*65/c02j"kl62./ƒ%0x0)\%(02d"0"…9L"%2
6„*2\0L*%(0)\%(02d"LZ%(6„*65/%7%!
•\0[\69.Z%%'/9b9QD•642'"2‹09_0[D•%(%DT60Z"02"ƒ.&Œ%(Un•<y¢0)m%(
[D•%(2\0c02j"("*%2‹0%DT662„/S.0)7%(:<("jQb.0"$%L*.k2"("}7c%S.Q"….k"W%02.R%
[•"=("jQb.Q˜2‹0QD•6;y•>y¢[D•%(%DT66b%!
•2j"("*%#O0•[W9m69b942|02._6#O76d6/S.0Z%2D62N0[D•%(2\0("Z%(cQ"….
k"W%%(7\"6'%2#O)N06b%7M"Qƒ425%("'"["4"002O%2([.67#1#R//$.6b.QN042'"0E"MZ4c
027d%(#OQ„p9!
2.4.2. Thời kỳ cây con
• 2j"kl%O/QD•60o%20xk2"9m6QS%k2"65/&›0Qb.)*27*c02j"kl%O/qO"2*/%(›%
0.l02._6#O7("Z%(#O02j"#|c&1%202Dj%(0x:n•<n%(O/!
•2j"kl%O/65/L"%20)DV%(025%[d62R9)`42d00)"ƒ%9\%2[.Ž%qO"2E%025%c0)$%)`
%Z0Lb%&›0Qb.21%202O%2#O0v%(%2*%2#…LZ[D•%(!a425%27dQZ0#O9b927*6“%(q"`%
)*0)7%(("*"Q7\%%O/!

2.4.3. Thời kỳ ra hoa đâm tia
•2j"kl%O/&"S%Q_%(0x:n•<n%(O/c02j"kl%O/65/L"%20)DV%(025%[d)N09\%2cLZ
[D•%(27*&"S%Q_%(k27'%(ny•:yy27*#O62"*[O9U("*"Q7\%!
• "*"Q7\%62T927*k 7qO"0x:•U%(O/9•"%(O/)*0).%(&1%20x+•U27*!
•"*"Q7\%27*)_k 7qO"0x+n•:y%(O/9•"%(O/&1%2e.5%0xn•+y27*c6302ƒ0T":y
27*!Z27*%V0)7%(02j"kl27*)_62"S9;y•>y¢0¤%(LZ27*6„*65/#O2b.2S027*63o62
%Œ90)7%(("*"Q7\%%O/!
•"*"Q7\%2S027*k 7qO"0x+y•+n%(O/9•"%(O/0xy•n27*2b.2S0[O6d627*#Ž
2"W.27†6)|%(27*27†60"*e.'e.dqO"k2Ž%(Q59QD•6#O7QN0!
2.4.4. Thời kỳ hình thành quả hạt
•2j"kl%O/62"*[O9:("*"Q7\%[O21%202O%2#Še.'#O21%202O%22\0
•"*"Q7\%21%202O%2#Še.'QD•60o%2:y%(O/Qb.0xk2"0"*Q59M.Z%(QN0!"*"
Q7\%%O/6d60S&O7%2.9Ž6„*#Še.'62"S92O.2S06d6k27*%(e.'c2\0[T%)N062R9!*.
:y%(O/0"*Q59M.Z%(QN0e.'Q\0ko6202DT60Z"Q*e.'Q{%221%2!
12
•"*"Q7\%21%202O%22\0,L*.k2"e.'Q{%221%2+y%(O/0P6Uy%(O/L*.k2"0"*Q59
M.Z%(QN00212\0QD•6Q{%221%2!*.k2"0"*Q59M.Z%(QN0<n%(O/e.'63(5%)³cL*.k2"0"*
Q59M.Z%(QN0sy%(O/e.'62o%!
2.4.5. Thời kỳ chín
•F5/[Oe.d0)1%20o62[.u62N0k2ŽV2\0c[Oe.d0)1%2%(2{62#T"e.d0)1%2%'/9b9!
• d0)1%2L"%20)DV%(q"%2qDr%(#OL"%20)DV%(L"%202a66„*65/[\6639Z"0DE%(
e.*%#x*2•0)•#x*6\%20)*%2%2*.!
2.5. YÊU CẦU SINH THÁI
2.5.1. Đất đai
•\6[O65/0)Y%(k2Ž%(k2›0k2}#…QN0%2D%(QƒL"%20)DV%(42d00)"ƒ%0Z0QN00)Y%(
[\642'"Q'9&'7[.Ž%0E"MZ4Qƒ027'9˜%U/$.6b.6E&'%6„*65/[\6
•"$.62.p%QN00)Y%([\642'"[OQN00E"MZ4c6302O%242b%6E(T"%2¡6d042*QS%02{0
%2¡cQN063kS06N.#"$%63k2'%v%(("”#O027d0%DT60Z0!FN063Q_40xncn•;cQN063
9O.Ld%(c2O9[D•%(62N02”.6EqDT":¢!
2.5.2. Thời tiết, khí hậu

* Nhiệt độ
•¤%(0o62Ž%:syy•<=yy
y
0.l02}7("Z%(!0./%2"$%0)7%(0x%(02j"klL"%20)DV%(
k2d6%2*./$.6b.%2"W0Q_k2d6%2*.!
•2j"kl%'/9b9,%2"W0Q_02o622•40x:n•Uy
y
c0Z6Q_%'/9b9%2*%2%2N0V%2"W0
Q_U:•U<
y
c%2"W0Q_6*70Z6Q_%'/9b9%2*%2%2D%(65/67%/S.!
•2j"kl65/67%,A$.6b.%2"W0Q_0).%(&1%20x:y•Uy
y
0Z"02o62:n
y
%S.%2"W0Q_¥
+=
y
LžP662Se.d0)1%2L"%20)DV%(6'%0)VLa425%27d9b927*!
•2j"kl)*27*kS0e.',/$.6b.%2"W0Q_6*70x:<•UU
y
%2"W0Q_&*%%(O/:>
y
c&*%
Q$9:U
y
[O02o622•4%2N0cV%2"W0Q_%O/2WLZ27*63o626*7%2N0!
• 2j"kl62o%,%2"W0Q_02o622•40x:n•:=
y
c&"$%Q_%2"W0Q_("”*%(O/#OQ$90x=•

+y
y
02.R%[•"627e.d0)1%20o62[.u62N0k2Ž#O72\0!
* Ánh sáng
•\6[O65/%(›%%(O/42'%P%(0).%(0o%2#T"d%2Ld%(c0)7%(Q"….k"W%%(O/%(›%
2*/%(O/qO"[\6#—%)*27*kS0e.'&1%202Dj%(!
* Độ ẩm
•)7%(e.d0)1%2L"%20)DV%(/$.6b.p9Q_0).%(&1%20x;y•=y¢!./%2"$%9•"02j"
klk2d6%2*./$.6b.p9Q_k2d6%2*.!
•2j"kl9m69b9p9Q_02o622•4[O;y•=y¢!
•2j"kl65/67%/$.6b.p9Q_sy•;y¢Q5/[O02j"kl65/[\662{.2\%0Z0%2N0!
2j"kl)*27*kS0e.'/$.6b.p9Q_=y•=n¢Q5/[O02j"kl65/[\66b%%2"….%DT6
%2N062"S9:œU%2.6b.%DT66„*65/#1[\6#x*)*27*#x*42d00)"ƒ%025%[d%$%6b%
%2"….%DT6c%S.2\%V("*"Q7\%%O/&b.27*&{0}7k2Ž%(42d00)"ƒ%02O%2e.'QD•6c0•
[WQR.e.'("'9c%v%(L.N002N4!
•2j"kl62o%/$.6b.p9Q_;y¢!¤%([D•%(9D*6b%0)7%(+#|[\60x<ny•;yy99!
13
2.6. KỸ THUJT TRỒNG
2.6.1. Giống lạc
* Giống địa phương: FŠ›6"*%(c}%(2W%, )›%(§%22‹!!!
* Các giống lạc tiến bộ kỹ thuật:
•d6("Z%(%(›%%(O/6302j"("*%L"%20)DV%(0x+yy•+yn%(O/%2Dy:’yU’yn’
µ:<’6d6("Z%(%O/63%v%(L.N0k27'%(:0N%œ2*!
•d6("Z%(D*02596*%26*7%2D,"Z%(<U:>c("Z%(;=c("Z%(+ssy!!!
•d6("Z%(62{.2\%%v%(L.N06*7,"Z%(;>c("Z%(}%[*";nœ:Uc("Z%(;!!!
2.6.2. Thời vụ gieo trồngtrồng
2.6.2.1. Cơ sở để xác định thời vụ,
•a*#O7Q†6Q"ƒ96„*("Z%(62o%LT92*/62o%9._%!
•a*#O7/$.6b.L"%202d"
•a*#O76E6N.65/0)Y%(0)7%(#™%(!

2.6.2.2. Thời vụ cụ thể
«|[\6M.5%,("}70x:nœ+•+yœU!
«|[\602.,"}70x+œ;•Uyœ;!
2.6.3. Mật độ khoảng cách
2.6.3.1. Kỹ thuật làm đất
•$%[.Z%(27†6[$%&v%(Qƒ0\7Q"….k"W%62v9L36QD•602R%[•"c0DT"0"$.0Z0#O
0\7Q"….k"W%627&_)`42d00)"ƒ%0)$%0b%(QN09†0L5.QZ"#T"%2”%(#™%(QN0&\69O.0b%(
6O/9Š%(!
•.Z%()_%(+•+cn9c&v%()_%(:•:cn9c6*7:y69c)˜%2)_%(Un•<y69!k2Ž%([$%
[.Z%(e.d%2Š[O9("'92WLZL‚q|%(QN0
2.6.3.2. Mật độ khoảng cách
R0Q_k27'%(6d62("}7,
2j"#| R0Q_65/œ9
:
 k27'%(6d62
|M.5% :n•:= Un•<y×+y69œ+65/
 27†6Un•<y×:y69œ:65/
|02. UU•Un Uy•Un×;•=69œ+65/
27†6Uy•Un×+n•+s69œ:65/
2.6.4. Kỹ thuật bón phân
D•%(425%&3%627+2*6b%
25%2”.6E=•+:0N%
 :y•<yk(

:

n
<y•syk(
Ž"&_0nyy•=yyk(
d62&3%,3%[30+yy¢425%62.Y%(c+yy¢

:

n
’#Ž"&_0&3%[30+yy¢27†6ny¢
S.Qƒ[\"ny¢021&3%#O702j"kl)*27*&Œ%(6d620.%([$%[d#O7[‹6Ld%(LT9Qƒ#Ž"qo%2
#O7[dk2›642|601%20)\%([\6[Z4’Q\96302ƒ&3%[30ny¢0)7%(0)Dj%(2•402"S.425%
62.Y%(6w%[\"&3%02‹6k2"65/63:•U[d02R0’k*["ny¢&3%[30cny¢&3%02‹6!
14
2.6.5. Chăm sóc
2.6.5.1. Dặm tỉa
•†90š*%2Œ99|6Qo62Q'9&'7LZ65/0)$%9_0QE%#{q"W%0o62#1Q5/[O6ELVQƒ
Q'9&'7627[\663%v%(L.N06*7!
•A$.6b.42'"q†9LT99._%%2N0k2"[\663+[d02R0!g2"q†9„2\0%P0%*%2Qƒ02j"
("*%9m6QD•6)‹0%(›%!
2.6.5.2. Xới vun
•|6Qo62,O9627QN00E"MZ4c6.%(6N47M"0\7Q"….k"W%627&_)`42N00)"ƒ%#O#"
k2.p%%Z0Lb%27\0Q_%(c0"*e.'Q59M.Z%(q`qO%(c0\7Q_p9#O&3%(0Z"Qƒe.'42d00)"ƒ%
0Z0cq"W00)x6Šq\"#O2\%62S&W%2!
•A$.6b.,•T":[b%’[b%+[‹6[\663:•U[d02R0cMT"L5.U•n69k2Ž%(QD•6#.%!b%
:MT"0)DT6k2"[\6)*27*L*.Q•0+0x+n•:y%(O/MT"L5.n•;69k2Ž%(QD•6#.%!
2.6.5.3. Tưới tiêu cho lạc
•DT"%DT6V02j"kl("}70Z0%2N0[O0DT"0)DT6k2"("}702}742DE%(42d4%(59)._%(!
•DT"V02j"kl)*27*#O62o%d4q|%(&"W%42d40DT")˜%2!
•"$.%DT6V)._%([\6,b%0"$.%DT6k{402j"L*.9•"[b%9D*ck2"0)Y%(6b%[O9QN0
kuc[$%[.Z%(6*7Qƒ0"$.%DT6QD•602.R%[•"!
2.6.6. Ph}ng tr~ sâu bệnh
2.6.6.1. Sâu hại lạc
5.2\"2\0("Z%(,Sck"S%c9Z"!
5.2\"65/67%,5.Ld9!
5.2\"[d,Y9L5.M*%2cL5.k27*%(cL5.Q7cL5.)39c)b/c)W4c%2W%QŠc&*%9"$.c!!!

2.6.6.2. Bệnh hại lạc
«W%262S0Ÿ72 7M*%2[\6Pseudomonas solanacearum Smith
«W%22 7)“[\6
«W%2QZ9[d[\6
2.6.7. Thu hoạch, bảo quản lạc
2.6.7.1. Thu hoạch lạc
•g2"%O7630)$%Uœ<LZe.'Q˜("Oc6d6[dV42o*(Z6#O)`65/Q˜62./ƒ%L*%(9O.#O%(
#O)|%([O02.27\62QD•6!
•g2"02.27*62M7%(Q}942E"cQZ"#T"[\602DE%(42p9Q_p90)7%(2\06w%0x>•
++¢c[\6("Z%(6w%=•>¢6236#Š[|*[OQD•6!
2.6.7.2. Bảo quản lạc
*)Xử lý sau thu hoạch
•g2"02.27\62Q_p92\0)N06*7c6b%%2*%2623%(QD*Q_p9M.Z%(02N4Qƒk2Z%(62S
27\0Q_%(6„*6d69}%!F_p902o622•4Qƒ&'7e.'%[O>•++¢!FZ"#T"[\6("Z%(cQ_p9
2\0k2Ž%(#D•0e.d+y¢0)7%(e.d0)1%2&'7e.'%!
•2DE%(42d4[O9("'9Q_p92\0V6d6%DT66Ž%(%(2"W4[Oq™%(&"W%42d4LN/k2Ž!
™%(qw%(k2o%3%(%2"W0Q_sy•=y¶ck2ŽQ_p9Uy•Un¢62./ƒ%Q_%(%(D•662"….
#T"qw%(e.'[\6!
15
• i%DT60*c%Ž%(q5%02Dj%(42E"%›%(Qƒ[O9("'9Q_p92\0!b%42E"6'e.'Qƒ
0)d%2%2"W0Q_e.d6*7[O92\062'/qb.!2E"U•n%(O/["$%0|6cQ_p92\06302ƒ("'9
M.Z%(>•+y¢c6302ƒ&'7e.'%QD•6!
*) Bảo quản lạc thương phẩm
A$.6b.&'7e.'%,
•\6k2Ž%(&{02*/Q¤"62N0[D•%(L*.02j"("*%&'7e.'%!
•\6k2Ž%(&{Q_62\"Qƒ6302ƒL‚q|%( 4qb.27†6[O902a642p9627%(Dj"!
(./$%0›6&'7e.'%,
••‚[‘k27,"W09Z"c9m0cL5.k270)DT6k2"627[\6#O7&'7e.'%!
•'7e.'%[\6ko%0)d%2Qƒ2\00"S4M‹6#T"k2Ž%(k2oP662S2Ž2N46„*2\0!
•g27&'7e.'%42'"63%2"W0Q_02N4cp9Q_02N4c6302ƒ02Ž%(("3Qƒ0)d%2#"W60v%(Q_

p9#O%2"W0Q_k27q7272N46„*2\0!
*) Bảo quản lạc giống
…%(./$%0›6c&'7e.'%[\6("Z%(42'"Q'9&'742p962N02\0L*.&'7e.'%o002*/Q¤"c
42p962N06„*2\0Q'9&'7#OQ\00•kW%'/9b96*7!
AS.0Ze.*%0)m%(%2N0QZ"#T"&'7e.'%[\6[OQ_p92\0!)7%(Q"….k"W%%DT60*62D*
63k27[\%2&'7e.'%021#N%Q…k2Z%(62SQ_p92\0V9P60Z"02"ƒ.#O&'7e.'%ko%[OQ"….
k"W%6E&'%!
C) TÀI LIỆU HỌC TJP:
¬+-! (./`%v%1%2c“F1%22o%2 +>>>! Giáo trình Cây công nghiệpc•Ž%(
(2"W4!
¬:-!(Ž2S5%62„&"$%c)b%F1%27%(:yyy!Kỹ thuật trồng lạc đạt năng suất cao.
•Ž%(%(2"W4!
¬U-!$7%(ac(./`%2SŽ%+>;>!Giáo trình cây lạc!•Ž%(%(2"W4
D) CÂU HỎI ÔN TJP, CHỦ ĐỀ THẢO LUJN:
* Câu hỏi ôn tập:
+!A$.6b.L"%202d"6„*65/[\6®
:!F†6Q"ƒ9("Z%([\6®_0LZ("Z%([\642¤&"S%0)7%(L'%M.N0
U! /0)1%2ku02.R00)Y%(65/[\6®¯%(q|%(0)7%(Q"….k"W%0š%22‹2m!
* Chủ đề thảo luận:
+!)"ƒ%#m%(42d00)"ƒ%65/[\6V%DT60*!DT%(42d00)"ƒ%65/[\60)7%(02j"("*%0T"!
:!192"ƒ.9_0LZL5.&W%22\"62o%20\"Q{*42DE%(*%262{!"W%42d442w%(0)x!
16
PHẦN II
CÂY CÔNG NHIỆP DÀI NGÀY
Chương 1
CÂY CHÈ
Z0"S0,y;‘02./S0,ys0"S0’&O"0R4c02'7[.R%,y+0"S0
A) MỤC TIÊU:
*.k2"2m6M7%(#"$%6b%2"ƒ.#O&"S0QD•6,
- Về kiến thức: "d0){k"%20Sc[{62L‚42d00)"ƒ%c%(.Y%(Z6425%[7\"6“%(%2De./0)1%2

ku02.R00)Y%(65/628!
- Về kỹ năng:2R%&"S09_0LZ("Z%(6280)7%(L'%M.N0ce./0)1%20)Y%(628*%07O%!
- Về thái độ:"%2#"$%6b%6302d"Q_%(2"$90‹60)7%(e.d0)1%22m60R4c%(2"$%6P.c
QY%(02j"Ld%(0\70)7%(2m60R4#O0"S402.%2”%(0)"02P69T"!
B) NỘI DUNG:
1.1. LỊCH SỬ PHÁT TRIỂN NGÀNH CHÈ VÀ VỊ TRÍ CÂY CHÈ TRONG NỀN
KINH TẾ QUỐC DÂN
1.1.1. Lịch sử phát triển ngành chè
«{62L‚42d00)"ƒ%%(O%2628"W0*962"*)*6d6("*"Q7\%,
•"*"Q7\%,+=>y•+><n
•"*"Q7\%+><n•+>n<
•"*"Q7\%+>n<•+>>y
•"*"Q7\%+>>yQS%%*/
«"W%0o62c%v%(L.N0cL'%[D•%(6286„*"W0*9e.*6d6%v9!
«2DE%(2DT%(42d00)"ƒ%%(O%2628QS%%v9:y+y#O9|60"$.42d00)"ƒ%QS%
%v9:y+n!
1.1.2. Vị trí của cây chè trong đời sống
•!28[O65/0)Y%(63("d0){#…qD•6["W.6*7!
•!28[O02P02P6.Z%([‘0DV%(#O63("d0){k"%20S6*7!
1.1.3. Vị trí cây chè trong nền kinh tế quốc dân
•28[O9_065/6Ž%(%(2"W4[5.%v9c63Qj"LZ%(k"%20S[5.qO"c9*.627L'%42p9c
6272"W.e.'k"%20S6*7!280)Y%(9_0[b%c6302ƒ02.27\62Uy•<y%v927†6[5.2E%%”*!
)7%(Q"….k"W%02.R%[•"6„*0*65/L"%20)DV%(0Z00216.Z"%v902P%2N0Q˜02.&3"0)$%qDT"
9_00N%&‹4œ2*!d6%v902P2*"02P&*0)7%(02j"klk"S%02"S06E&'%6“%(6279_0L'%
[D•%(Qd%(kƒk27'%(:•U0N%&‹4œ2*!x%v902P0D628Q˜QD*#O7k"%2q7*%2L'%M.N0!
•28[O65/0)Y%(9OL'%42p96„*%363("d0){2O%(23*#O("d0){M.N0k2p.6*7c02{
0)Dj%(0"$.q™%(¤%Q{%2c%2.6b.0"$.02|L'%42p9%(O/6O%(6*7!
•28[O65/0)Y%(k2Ž%(0)*%262N4#…QN0Q*"#T"6d665/[DE%(02a6c63k2'%v%(L‚
q|%(%(.Y%0O"%(./$%427%(42‹6„*QN0#™%(QY"%‹"!)Y%(62802596*%2c42„M*%2QN0
0)Z%(QY"%‹"0)m6ckS02•4#T"0)Y%()x%(02}742DE%(42d4%Ž%([59kS02•4630d6q|%(

&'7#W9Ž"0)Dj%(L"%202d"!
17
•2d00)"ƒ%65/6286b%9_0[D•%([*7Q_%()N0[T%cq7#R/42d00)"ƒ%9\%265/628V
#™%().%(q.9"…%%‹"630d6q|%(02.2‹0#OQ"….2w*[*7Q_%(0)7%(42\9#"6'%DT6!
1.2. ĐẶC TÍNH SINH VJT HỌC
1.2.1. Nguồn gốc, phân loại
1.2.1.1. Nguồn gốc
•5/62863%(.Y%(Z6V).%( Z6
•2863%(.Y%(Z6V#™%(0M*9·%F_
•2863%(.Y%(Z6V"W0*9
1.2.1.2. Phân loại
$%k27*2m66„*65/628QD•6%2"….%2Ok27*2m66Ž%(%2R%[O,Camellia sinensis (L)
O. Kuntze#O630$%QY%(%(2§*[O,Thea sinensis L.
* Cơ sở của việc phân loại chè
"W6425%[7\"62802Dj%(qa*#O7,
•Ee.*%q"%2qDr%(,[7\"025%&|"27†6025%(•c21%2q\%(6„*0d%c21%2q\%(#Oko62
02DT66„*6d6[7\"[dcQb.[dcLZQŽ"(5%[d!!!
•Ee.*%L"%202a6,Q_[T%6„*6d%227*cLZ[D•%(QO"27*c#{0)o425%%2d%26„*Qb.
%2{6d"cLZ[D•%(23*ce.'!!!
•F†60o%2L"%223*,62„/S.qa*#O72O9[D•%(0*%"%!•"("Z%(628Q….632O9[D•%(
0*%"%&"S%Q_%(0)7%(42\9#"%2N0Q{%2!
* Bảng phân loại chè của Cohen Stuart (1919)
DT"Q5/("T"02"W.425%[7\"6„*72}%0.*)0+>+>!d62425%[7\"%O/QD•6%2"….
%(Dj"62N4%2R%!d6("'62"*Camellia sinensis![O9<02P#*)"}0*L62862o%2,
a) Chè Trung Quốc lá nhỏCamellia sinensis #*)!Bohea,
F†6Q"ƒ9,
•5/&|"02N4425%6O%2%2"….!
•d%2ŠcqO/%2"….(•%L3%(c9O.M*%2QR9c[dqO"Ucn•scn69!
•3s•;QŽ"(5%[dk2Ž%()³c)v%(6D*%2Šck2Ž%(Q….!
•‹4%2Šc27*%2"….c%v%(L.N002N4c42p962N0&1%202Dj%(!

•g2'%v%(62{.) 0VQ_%2"W0•+:
7
QS%•+n
7
!
25%&Z62„/S.V9"…%FŽ%(cFŽ%(*9).%( Z6c2R0'%#O9_0LZ#™%(k2d6!
i"W0*9c628).%( Z6[d%2Š6302ƒ01902N/V\%(E%c2‹_qDT"q\%(02o
%(2"W9c0R4Q7O%!
b) Chè Trung Quốc lá toCamellia sinensis#*)!macrophylla),
F†6Q"ƒ9,
•25%(•%2r6*70T"n90)7%(Q"….k"W%L"%20)DV%(0a%2"$%!
•d070).%(&1%262"….qO"+:•+n69c62"….)_%(n•;69c9O.M*%2%2\0c&3%(c)v%(
6D*L5.k2Ž%(Q….cQb.[d%2m%c630x=•>QŽ"(5%62o%2!
‹4070).%(&1%2c63k2'%v%(627%v%(L.N06*7c62N0[D•%(0Z0c02o622•46276'#"W6
62S&"S%628M*%2#O628Q}%!
•DE%(QZ"%2"….27*ce.'!
18
•g2'%v%(62{.) 0k 9c62{.QN0MN.c2*/&{&W%242Y%([dc)b/M*%22\"%†%(!
(./$%L'%628).%( Z6[d07V5%*9cP•./$%).%( Z6!i"W0*9c
628).%( Z6[d07425%&Z%2"….V#™%(0).%(q.,2‹2mc2d"(./$%c›6"*%(¸
628).%( Z6[d076w%630$%[O628).%(q.cq7("Z%(628%O/QD•60)Y%(42¤&"S%V
#™%().%(q.!
c) Chè ShanCamellia sinensis#*)!Shan):
•25%(•c6*70xsQS%+y9!
•d07#OqO"+n•+=699O.M*%2%2\0cQb.[dqO"c)v%(6D*%2Š#OqO/!
•Ž962863%2"….[Ž%(0Ec0)›%(#O9{%0)Ž%(%2D0./S0c%$%6w%(m"[O6280./S0!
•3k27'%(+yQŽ"(5%[d!
•3k2'%v%(02o62P%(0)7%(Q"….k"W%N9p9cVQ{*21%26*7c%v%(L.N06*7c42p9
62N002._6[7\"0Z0%2N0!
(./$%L'%6282*%V5%*9•).%( Z6c9"…%&›66„*"*%9*!i"W0*9

6282*%QD•60)Y%(%2"….V#™%(5/›6c#™%(5/(./$%!
d) Chè Ấn Độ (Camellia sinensis var. atxamica):
•25%(•c6*7c07!)7%(Q"….k"W%0a%2"$%6302ƒ6*70T"+;9c425%6O%202D*!
•d07cqO"0T":y•Uy69c[d9Š%(c9…9c02Dj%(639O.M*%2QR9cq\%([d21%2&b.
q|6c42"S%[d(•%L3%(cQb.[dqO"!
•30).%(&1%20x+:•+nQŽ"(5%62o%2!
•N0o027*e.'c63k2"k2Ž%(63e.'("Z%(+!
•g2Ž%(62{.QD•6) 0c2\%!
•!‹407c63k2'%v%(627%v%(L.N06*7c42p962N00Z0c02o622•46276'62S&"S%628
M*%2#O628Q}%!
28·%F_QD•60)Y%(%2"….V·%F_c"*%9*c5%*9).%( Z6#O9_0LZ
%DT6k2d6!i"W0*9c628·%F_QD•60)Y%(%2"….V2‹2mc./$% *%(#O2d"
(./$%!
1.3. ĐẶC ĐIỂM THỰC VJT HỌC
1.3.1. Đặc điểm hình thái
1.3.1.1. Rễ chè
•W)`628(Y963,)`0)|)`6m6c)`&$%#O)`2N402.!
•g2"2\09T"%'/9b9)`0)|42d00)"ƒ%)N0%2*%2!O7k27'%(U•n02d%(L*.k2"0)Y%(
021)`0)|42d00)"ƒ%62R9[\"#O)`&$%42d00)"ƒ%9\%2!
•a42d00)"ƒ%6„*)`628#O025%628632"W%0D•%(M}%kž%2*.ck2"025%[d42d00)"ƒ%
9\%2021)`42d00)"ƒ%62R9[\"#O%(D•6[\"!
•`0)|6„*62802Dj%(v%L5.M.Z%(QN02E%+9 0cV%2”%(%E"QN0MZ4c027d0%DT6%3
6302ƒv%L5.0T":•U9 0!`2N402.QD•6425%&Z0R40).%(V[T4QN00x+y•<y6902j"kl
65/628[T%c)`0R40).%(V(”*2*"2O%(628c0d%)`L7#T"0d%65/[T%2E%:•:cn[b%!
1.3.1.2. Thân chè
•25%(•[T%,[O[7\"21%265/6*7c07c63025%62o%2)³)W0c#{0)o425%6O%26*7!F"ƒ%
21%2[O02P6282*%#O628·%F_!
19
•25%%2Š,[O[7\"21%20).%(("*%c63025%62o%20DE%(QZ")³)W0c#{0)o425%6O%2
02Dj%(6*7k27'%(:y•Uy69V42o*0)$%6¤)`!

•25%&|",[O65/k2Ž%(63025%62o%2)³)W0c0d%65/)_%(02N4c425%6O%2%2"….c#{0)o
425%6O%26N4+02N4%(*/(b%6¤)`!F"ƒ%21%2[O6d602P628).%( Z6c2R0'%#O"$%
•Ž6“!
* Tán (vòm) cây
•25%c6O%2c&_[d0\702O%2#w9628c0d%6289m60a%2"$%63q\%(#w9Q….!a*#O7
(36Q_07%2Š("”*025%62o%2#O6O%2c6302ƒ62"*[O9U[7\"0d%#w962802}7QDj%(ko%2c
62"….6*7#O21%202d"!
•w9L.Z062š,*7%2D%(2¡4c%2Š!
•w96b.#O%‚*6b.,2N42E%c07%(*%(c)_%(!
•w9959MŽ",7%(*%(c9†00d%07)_%(!
1.3.1.3. Cành chè
•O%2628q79b9q"%2qDr%(42d00)"ƒ%02O%2c0)$%6O%262"*[O9%2"….QZ0!2"….qO"
6„*QZ0&"S%Q¤")N0%2"….0x+•+y69q7("Z%(#Oq7Q"….k"W%L"%20)DV%(!
•25%#O6O%26280\7%$%k2.%(0d%6„*65/628!T"LZ[D•%(6O%(02o622•4#O65%
QZ"V0)$%0d%c65/628627L'%[D•%(6*7!D•0e.d("T"2\%Q3cL'%[D•%(k2Ž%(0v%(#O
42p96N4("'9M.Z%(q7&‹49™%2"….!DE%(e.*%("”*9R0Q_6O%2#OL'%[D•%(&‹4[O
9_00DE%(e.*%k2Ž%(62†0!2}7*k2E0*0¹}c2WLZ0DE%(e.*%("”*9R0Q_6O%2#T"L'%
[D•%([O)ºycy;+!
1.3.1.4. Các loại mầm chè
£b9%(m%Qš%2,m60)$%0R%6™%(6O%2628cL"%20)DV%(9\%2c9m6d06d662¤"
%d6242o*qDT"D.02SQš%2!2Y"%(m%9m6)*&‹4[dc[O9%(m%#DE%[$%6*7c6O%2qO")*!
£b9%d62,m6V6d6%d62[dc&{62Y"%(m%k192˜9!
£b9%(„,[O%2”%(9b9q"%2qDr%(%Œ9V6d6&_42R%Q˜23*(•6„*6d66O%29_0
%v927†6("O2E%!g2Ž%(63#{0)o6ZQ{%2!
£b9&N0Q{%2,O9b9q"%2qDr%(02Dj%(%Œ9V42o*(Z6c6¤)`6„*628!
1.3.1.5. Búp chè
•‹4628[OQ7\%%7%6„*9_06O%2628!‹4QD•621%202O%20x6d69b9q"%2qDr%(c
(Y9630Ž942b%[d%7%V0)$%Qš%26„*6O%262D*Mw})*#O2*"27†6&*[d%7%!
•‹4628(Y9632*"[7\",&‹4&1%202Dj%(#O&‹49™!‹4&1%202Dj%((Y9630Ž9£
:cU[d%7%c630)m%([D•%(&1%2e.5%+&‹40x+(QS%+c:(QZ"#T"("Z%(6282*%c0xycnQS%

ycs(QZ"#T"("Z%(628).%(q.c&‹46O%(%7%42p962N06O%(0Z0!
1.3.1.6. Lá chè
•d6289m66d620)$%6O%2c9•"QZ0639_0[d!d02Dj%(63%2"….02*/Q¤"#…21%2
q\%(0™/02}76d6[7\"("Z%(k2d6%2*.#O0)7%(6d6Q"….k"W%%(7\"6'%2k2d6%2*.!d628
63(5%)N0)³!
•Lá vẩy ốc,[O%2”%([d#p/)N0%2Šc639O.%5.c6P%(!d#p/Z6[O&_42R%&'7#W
Q"ƒ9L"%20)DV%(6„*9b9k2"%3V0)\%(02d"%(„!Z[D•%([d#p/Z602Dj%([O:•<[dV
9b99™*QŽ%(c#O+•:[dV9b99™*28!
20