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sCr DUNG PHl/ONG
PHAP TRAC NGHIEM KHACH QUAN
NHIEU Ll/A
CHpN VE MON
THIEN
VAN
HOC DAI
Cl/ONG
DE
KIEM
TRA DANH
GIA KIEN
THCTC
KY
NANG
SINH
VIEN
SI/
PHAM
Trinh Thi Thoa
Khoa Vat
ly
Truing
DHSP - DHQG Ha Noi
Muc tieu nghien
cihi phuotig
phap
tr^c
nghiem
Ddi vdi qua tnnh day hge, kidm tra dinh gii kd't qua hgc tip nam trong qui trinh
dao tao eon ngudi mdi theo muc

dich
giao due. Vi viy no eo tic
diing
chi dao viec hge
ciia
ngudi hge va viec day
ciia
giao vien. Do do diing vide dinh gii
dd
hudng viec day
va hgc theo nhung muc tieu dao tao xae dinh.
Kidm tra dinh gia la dgng
luc
thiic day ngudi hge, cd tie dung de ngudi hge nhin
ra kha ning nam kie'n
thu'c
ciia
hg, nham phin
loai
sang
Igc,
kidm tra dinh gii dd dinh
hudng
thiic
d^y
manh me boat ddng day hgc.
Kidm tra dinh gii ket qua hgc tip ciia ngudi hge nham xae dinh nhu ciu hgc tip
cua ngudi hge, lam
ebo
ngudi hge bie't kha nang

ciia
minh so vdi
yeu
ciu chung ciia viec
hgc tip. Mat
khae
eiing la can
eU
dd dinh gii giao vidn vd mat ning luc giang day.
Scan thao he thong cau hoi trac nghiem khach quan nhieu
lua
chon (MCQ)
/.
Mifc
tieu giang day Thien van Dai
cuang
Day mdn thidn vin trong nha trudng gdp phin chUng minh rang: thuyet
chii
nghla
duy vit
Ijeh
sir la diing, vi no phat sinh tren eo so nhu ciu
ciia
xa
hdi
loai ngudi.
1.
Chi ebo ngudi hgc thiy rang vu tru khdng phai do trdi sinh ra ma
tdn
tai cd quy

luit,
va con ngudi cd thd nam bit duge quy
luit
dd.
2.
Tao ebo ngudi hgc quan nidm
the'
gidi
tdn
tai khach quan va c6 quy luit
tu
nhien.
3.
Ngudi hge khdng chi bie't cd cdng
thUe,
cich
tinh ma eon phai
hidu
tai sao phai
diing cdng
thUc
dd, muc
dieh
eiia
phep
tinh
la gi, tai sao phai dd cip de'n hgc ehuong
nay, mdi
lidn
quan giua eac phin hgc ra sao, va vai trd cua no trong khoa hgc, ddi

sd'ng
nhu the' nao?
Tom
lai:
Sau kbi hgc xong mdn Thidn vin Dai cudng ngudi phai phai:
-
Nam dugc eac kie'n thue long quit vd
vQ
tru, nam
duge
nhung kie'n thiic Thien
vin CO ban nhit pho bid'n nhi't de lam cdng tic giang day b ph6
thdng,
c6 kha ning
tuyen truydn giai
thich
gdp phin bai
trU
md tin di doan.
-
Hidu dugc nhiing hidn tugng Thidn van, nhung cdng cu toan hgc, nhung dinh
luit vi phuong phap vat ly, nghidn
c\ui
cie vin dd cu thd, gdp phin eung cd kie'n thiic
toin, ly da hgc.
168
2.
Ngi dung giang day Thien van:
He't ngay lai dem, ban ngay cd mat trdi, ban
dem

cd trang sao, nhung hidn tugng
mu6n hinh mu5n ve trong biu trdi da kich thich de to md va tri tudng tugng cua con
ngudi.
1.
Vu tru ciu tao nhu the' nao.
2.
Quy
luit
vin dgng va ban chit cua eac thien thd ra sao.
3.
Co md'i lien he gi giira biu trdi va trai dit.
3.
Tinh hinh kiem tra
tvttruac
den nay.
TCr trudc
de'n nay viec kidm tra dinh gia ket qua hgc tip cua ngudi hgc vd mdn
Thien van hgc dai cuong theo kieu e6 truydn. Ra de kidm tra theo kieu tU
luin,
do dd
ke't qua kiem tra chua dugc chinh xae va khach quan.
- Kidm tra dinh gii nay dan din mi't tie dung vi khdng thiic day ngUdi hge de hgc
tip.
- Viec quay cop
ciia
ngudi hgc ngay mot gia ting.
Dd cai tie'n phuong phap giang day, ning
cao
chit
lugng

kie'n thirc nhin duge
ciia
ngudi hgc mot cich chinh xae khach quan, trinh
sir
quay cop trong thi eir ein ehgn mot
phuong phap kidm tra dinh gia thich hgp.
4.
Sogn thdo he
tlwng
can hoi trac
nghiem
khach quan nhieu lua chon:
4.1.
Muc tieu cua bai trac nghiem.
yeu
cau ngudi hgc nam duge mdt so kie'n thiic eo ban
tir
dd de'n khd, phin loai
ngudi hoc cung c6' kie'n
thiife
ebo hg dd ehuin bi thi he't mdn. Ddi vdi giio vien xem lai
each giang day
ciia
minh eon thid'u sot gi?
4.2.
Soan thao he thd'ng ciu hdi:
Nguydn
tic soan thao mot bai trie nghiem khach quan nhieu
lUa
ehgn ve mdn

Thien van dai
cUOng
la de kiem tra dinh gia chit lugng cua ngudi hgc qua do xem xet
lai
ndi
dung
cHu
hdi
ciia
giao vien cd dat yeu cau hay khdng.
Cac
bud^c
tie'n hanh
de
danh gia bai
tr^c
nghiem khach quan
nhicU lira
chon
1.
Xdc
dinh muc tieu giang day:
Vi bai kidm tra giua mdn vdi ngi dung
xae
dinh
nen
chung tdi yeu ciu ngUdi hgc
phai nim bat dugc kie'n
thii:c
tir de de'n khd, tii don gian de'n

phiic
tap. Viy ngudi hgc
phai nam dugc eac trinh dd sau: bid't tii hien, hidu, va vin dung. Yeu ciu viy la vi diy
mdi kidm tra dd cung cd kie'n
thiire cho
ngudi hge.
2.
So lugng cau hoi trong
Ixii
trac nghiem:
- Dd kidm tra c6 30 ciu hdi vdi 5 phuong an
lua
ehgn cho mdi ciu.
-
Td
chire kidm tra giira mdn.
3.
Cham bai trac nghiem
4.
Ddnh
gia ky nang
kie'n thi(c
nhgn dugc
cfia ngif&i
hgc:
Qua diy tha'y rang kie'n
thiire
ky nang tiep thu
eiia
ngudi

a mUe
do de cao hon kho
hay miic dd tai hien cao hon hieu va van dung.
5.
Ddnh gia ket qua bai trac nghiem MCQ - Cdc loai diem
ciia
bai trac nghiem:
169
a. Didm thd: Cd 30 ciu moi ciu cd 5 phuong an lua chon, ne'u lam dung ca 30 ciu
vm6i
ciu 1 didm) thi duge 30 didm dd ggi la didm thd.
b.
Didm
chu£n:
Cd nhidu loai didm chuin theo tieu
chuin
khae nhau.
c
Phin loai didm theo dudng eong phin
bd:
Dinh diu thanh tieh cua ngudi hge va cho didm eac bai trac nghiem dua vao
dudng eong phin bd
ebuin
hinh qua
chudng,
ne'u bai ra cd dang gin dang dudng eong
phin bd ehuin thi bai trie nghiem chip nhin dugc.
d. Dinh gia ciu hoi trie nghiem qua su
phin
tieh

thdng
ke:
- Xet do khd de cua bai trie nghiem.
-
D6
phin biet ciia eac ciu hoi bai trac nghiem
-
D6
tin ciy.
Khi soan bai
trie
nghiem MCQ phai dua vao muc tieu, ndi dung giang day. Qua
dd ngudi hgc phai dat tdi
mUe
dd nao thi mdi dugc thi hge phin. Do do phai kidm tra
dinh gii
kiS^n thUe
ky ning cua ngudi hgc bang thanh
tieh
hgc tip, lam phuong tien chi
dao viec dinh hudng viec hgc tip.
Mot so ket
luan
chung
1.
U'u didm: Qua thue
nghierri
da nit ra duge mot sd ke't luin sau:
a. Dinh gii dung thue chit kie'n thiic ky nang cua ngudi hgc mdt cich khich
quan.

b.
Han che' tdi da hien tugng quay cop trong kidm tra.
c. Trong khi kidm tra mgi ngudi ddu
chim chii
lam bai cua minh.
d. Didm kidm tra dinh gia la didm khach quan, cdng bing, vdi kidm tra nhu the'
ngudi hgc
se'ctem ehi
hge tip.
2.
Nhugc didm: Ngudi hgc khdng thd nhin xet, phin tieh danh gia dugc cic ciu
hoi.
3.
M6t
sd
ki^n
nghi: Kidm tra dinh gia (kie'n
thUc)
ke't qua hge tip cua ngudi hge
bang phuong phip trac nghiem khich quan chua dugc pho bien rgng rai d
nudc
ta, trong
khi dd phuong phip nay da thuc hien
a
hiu bet cie nudc
tren
the' gidi. Viy
66
tai
nen

duge diu tu nghien
cUu,
ip dung cai tie'n phuong phip kidm tra danh gia bang phuong
phap
trie
nghiem khach quan cho phii hgp vdi tinh hinh hien nay nhim mang lai sU
cdng bang trong danh gia kie'n thUc hge sinh.
Tdi lieu tham khdo
1.
Nguydn Dinh Chinh. Vin dd dat ciu hoi cua giao vien
dUng
Idp.
Kidm tra danh
gii viec hgc tip ciia hge sinh. Ha Ndi 1995, tr.53-90.
2.
Trin Bi Hoanh. Danh gia trong giio
due.
Ha Ndi 1995.
3.
Le Thi Oanh. Trie nghiem va do
ludng.
Bai giang cho thae
si
khoa 5.
4.
Le
Diic
Phuc. Cd sd ly luin
ciia
viec danh gia trong day hoc pho th6ng. Dd tai

B94-37-43HaN0i
1994.
5.
Le DUc
Phuc. Mdt sd bai chuyen khao va thir ddi mdi viec danh gia trong day
hgc.
De tai B94-37-43. Ha Ndi 1994
170
6. Pham
Hihi
Tdng. Dinh hudng hinh dgng hge tip trong day hgc vat ly. Bai giang
cho
Idrp
thac
si
khoa 5.
7.
Nguydn Xuin Hiing (bien dieh). Trie nghiem vi do ludng eo ban trong giao
due.
Ha N6i
1995.
8.
Nguyen Dtic
Thim va ctg. Phuong phap giang day vit ly d eac trudng PTTH
Lien X6 va CHDC
Dire.
Tip I. Ha Ngi
1984.
Tai lieu dieh.
9. Pham Vie't Trinh va Nguyen Dinh Noan. Giao trinh thien van dai cuong. Ha

N6i
1994.
10.
Partrik-Griffin. Trie nghiem va danh gii. Ha
NOi
1994. Tai lieu dich.
11.
Nhihig CO
sd ciia ky thuit
trie
nghiem. Tai lieu sir dung ngi bd. Ha Ngi 1994.
12.
H6i
nghi Khoa hgc toan
qude
vd day hgc. Vit
ly
va dao tao giao vien vit ly.
Ha N6i
10/1996.
Tr.24-32.
13.
E.
Rybka.Ogdlna
aetronomiezna. Warszawa 1974.
Test is an advanced method using for testing students' knowledge at schools,
especially at the Hanoi Teacher's School in teaching astronomical physics. Using testing
method, students can get the fair scores. Wehope that testing methodwith multiple
choices will be able to use at the schools all over Vietnam.
171