Nghiên cứu mối quan hệ giữa các đặc điểm ngọc học của ruby, saphir và đá chứa mỏ Lục Yên, Trúc Lâu tỉnh Yên Bái t

DAI HOC QUOC
GIA
HA
NOI
TRUdNG
DAI HOC KHOA HOC
TlT NHIEN
^1^
^If
^i£
^tf
^If
^£
^Jf
*l^
^£
X^
TEN DE
TAI:
Nghien
ciiu moi
quan he
giCra
cac
dac
diem ngoc
hoc cua ruby, saphir va da
chira
mo Luc Yen,
True
Lau,

tinh
Yen Bai
MA SO:
QT-08-48
CHU TRI
DE TAI:
ThS.
Nguyin Thi
Minh Thuyet
DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA
NQi
TRUNG TAM THCNG
TIN
THU
^'lEf,
DT
/
C
'
U3
HA NOI - 2008
BAO CAO TOM TAT
a. Ten de tai: Nghien
ciru mfii
quan he
giira
cac dac diem ngoc hoc cua ruby,
saphir va da
chua
mo Luc Yen,

True
Lau, tinh Yen Bai
Ma so: QT-08-48
b.
Chu
tri
de tai:
Nguyen
Thi Minh Thuyet
c. Cac can bo tham gia:
d.
Muc tieu va noi dung nghien cuu:
Xac dinh thanh phan vat chat
ciia
da
chiia
corindon
vijng
nghien
cuii
Xac
lap
dac diem ngoc hoc cua ruby, saphir
viing
nghien
cuxi
Lam sang to moi quan he giua dac
di^m
ngoc hoc
ciia

ruby, saphir va da
chiia
ruby, saphir
viing
nghien
cihi.
e. Cac ket qua dat
dupe:
Da xac dinh
dupe
thanh pban vat
chait
cua da
cbiia
ruby, saphir
viing
nghien
cihi;
dac diem ngoc hpc cua chung va moi quan he giua thanh phan vat chat da
cbiia
vdfi nhiJng
dac diem ngpc hpc do.
f.
Tinh hinh
kinh phi cua de tai (hoac
dir
an):
-
Kinh
phi

hS
trg:
20.000.000d
- Kinh phi
duac
cap: 20.000.000d
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Noi dung
Thanh toan dich vu
cong
cpng
Hoi nghi
Cong tac
phi
Thue
muon
Chi phi nghiep vu
chuyen
mon
Tong
So
tien (d)
800.000
3.700.000

2.700.000
12.000.000
800.000
20.000.000
KHOA QUAN LY
::
hi
CHU
TRI
DE TAI
TRUONG
DAI HOC KHOA HOC
TU
NHIEN
SUMMARY
L Name of project: Study on the relationship between gemological characteristics
of ruby, sapphire and ruby, sapphire bearing rocks in An Phu and
True
Lau
mines.
Yen Bai province.
Code number: QT-08-48
2.
Executive name: Master of
Science.
Nguyen Thi Minh Thuyet
3.
The objectives and contents of project:
Defined the composition of ruby and sapphires bearing rocks in the study
areas

Defined the gemological characteristics of ruby and sapphire in An Phu and
True
Lau mines
Defined the relationships between gemological characteristics of ruby,
sapphires and ruby, sapphire bearing rocks in An Phu and
True
Lau mines.
4.
Results: Defined the relationships between composition of ruby, sapphire
bearing rocks and the gemological characteristics of ruby, sapphire in the study
eares.
MUC LUC
• •
TT Muc Trang
Md
DAU 7
CHirONG
1
CO SO LY THUYET VA
PHLTONG
PHAP NGHIEN
ClTU
1.1. Khai quat dac diem ruby, saphir 8
1.2.
Phuang
phap nghien cuu 10
1.2.1.
Phuong
phap
thirc dja

khao sat dia chat
10
1.2.2.
Cac phuang phap phan tich trong phdng 10
CHU'ONG
2
DAC DIEM THANH PHAN VAT CHAT DA
CHU
A RUBY,
SAPHIR MO AN PHU VA TRUC LAU - LUC YEN
11
2.1.
Dac diem thanh phan vat chat da boa md An
Phii 11
2.1.1.
Thanh phan
hdahpc
12
2.1.2.
Thanh phan thach
hpc va to
hop khoang vat
cpng
sinh
dac
tnmg 12
2.2.
Dac diem thanh phan vat chat da gneis md
True
Lau

14
2.2.1.
Thanh phan boa hpc 14
2.1.2. Thanh phan thach hpc va to hop khoang vat cpng sinh dac 15
trung
CHU^ONG
3
DAC DIEM NGOC HOC CUA RUBY, SAPHIR
MO AN PHU VA TRUC LAU - LUC YEN
18
3.1.
Dac diem ngpc hpc cua ruby, saphir md An
Phii
- Luc Yen
18
3.1.1.
Thanh phan
hdahpc
18
3.1.2. Mau sac 19
3.1.3.
Tytrpng 19
3.1.4. Chiet
suat,
luang
chiet suat 19
3.1.5.
Tinh phat quang 19
3.1.6.
Dac diem ben trong 19

3.2. Dac diem ngpc hoc
eiia
ruby, saphir md
True
Lau - Luc Yen 21
3.2.1.
Thanh phan hda hpc 21
3.2.2. Mau sac 21
3.2.3.
Ty
trong 22
3.2.4.
Chiat
suit 22
3.2.5.
Tinh phat quang 22
3.2.6. Dac diem ben trong 22
3.3.
Moi quan he
giir
thanh phan da
chua
va chat
lupTig
ngpc
ciia
ruby, saphir vung nghien cuu 23
3.3.1.
Mau sac 23
3.3.2.

Dp tinh khilt
23
3.3.3.
Kichthuac
24
KET
LUAN
25
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 26
MO
DAU
Ruby, saphir - cac bien
loai
cua khoang vat corindon - la
loai
da quy cd gia
trj
vao hang cao nhat, chi sau kim
cuong.
Ruby, saphir Viet Nam
dupe
danh gia la
cd chat
lupug
cao cua the
giai.
Tren
lanh
tho Viet Nam, ruby, saphir cd hau het cac kieu nguon goc
nhung

phan bo tap trung a cac tinh Yen Bai, Nghe An va vung Tay Nguyen.
Ruby, saphir duac ket tinh trong mot so dieu kien dia chat noi sinh. Trong
moi dieu kien cu the thi chung cd dac diem tinh the, khoang vat va ngpc hpc khac
nhau.
Nghien cuu moi quan he
giOa
dac diem ngpc hpc
ciia
ruby, saphir va da chua
md Luc Yen,
Triic
Lau tinh Yen Bai gdp phan dinh
hudng
cho cdng tac tim kiem,
danh gia trien vpng cho loai hinh khoang san cd gia tri nay.
MUC TIEU CUA DE TAI
Xac
djnh
thanh phan vat chat
ciia
da chua corindon vung nghien cuu
Xac lap dac diem ngpc hpc
ciia
ruby, saphir
viing
nghien cuu
Lam sang to moi quan he
giiia
dac diem ngpc va da chua ruby, saphir vimg
nghien cuu.

NHIEM
VU CUA DE TAI
Thu
thap,
phan tich, tong hap tai lieu lien quan den doi
tupTig
va vung nghien
cuu.
Khao sat thue dia, thu thap mau.
Phan tich, xac dinh cac dac diem
ciia
ruby, saphir (thanh phan hda hpc, mau
s^c,
hinh thai, cau
true
tinh the, dac diem ben trong, ).
Phan tich, xac dinh dac diem thanh phan vat chat cua da goc (da chua ruby,
saphir).
Xac djnh moi quan he
giiJa
thanh phan vat chat
ciia
da chua vai dac
di6m
ngpc
cija
ruby, saphir vung nghien cuu.
CHU^ONG 1
CO
Sd LY

THUYET VA
PHU^ONG
PHAP NGHIEN
CtTU
1.1. Khai quat dac diem ruby, saphir
Ruby, saphir la cac bien loai
ciia
khoang vat corindon, thupc lap oxyt, cd
cong
thue
hda hpc rat dan gian la
AI2O3,
ket tinh trong he ba phuang, mang tinh the
gom nhung ion
O'^
xep kbit theo
luat
xep cau sau phuang, cac ion
Al^^
phan bo
trong cac khoang trong tarn mat tao bai cac ion
O"*^
(1 linli
1.1).
V
'^'
V'
M5f
c
ua

lac a
True
c
3
true
quay
O Oxy
•
Nhom
Hinh 1.1. Cau
true
tinh the ruby, saphir
Corindon tinh khiet chua 52,9% nhom,
47,1%
oxy, tuy nhien trong tu nhien,
chiing
thuang chua nhieu nguyen to khac, trong do pho bien nhat la Fe, Cr, Ti,
ngoai ra con cd V, Mg, Mn, Si, Ca, Na Do chua cac nguyen to mang mau nen
mau
sSc ciia
khoang vat nay rat phong
phii,
tir
mau do (do chua Cr)
d6n
xanh lam
(do chua Fe va Ti) den cac mau tim do, vang,
luc,
nau,
hong, da cam

Bang 1.1. Nguyen nhan va ca che tao mau cua ruby, saphir
Mau
Nguyen nhan va
cc
che tao mau
Do
.3+
-
Cr ,
ruby dd tia, dd mau bd cau chi chua
0,1%
Cr203
- Thudng bi bien ddi sang mau dd sac nau
(Fe^^)
hoac sang dd anh tim do
qua trinh chuyen dich dien tich
giiia
boa tri
(Fe^"
- 0 -
Ti"*^)
Hong
Lam
Lam
tim
Tim sang
Tim
xam
Ddtia
Vang

Cam
Luc
Ddi
mau
Nau dam
-
Cr^"*",
saphir hong sang chua khoang 0,03%
Cr203,
hong xam
-
0,04%
- Thuang
bi
bien ddi sang mau hong
sac nau
(do
Fe"^"^)
hoac
anh
tim,
tim/lam
(do qua trinh chuyen dich dien tich
giiia
hoa tri
Fe^^
- 0 -
Ti'*'^)
- Qua trinh chuyen dich dien tich
giiia

boa
tri
Fe^"^
- 0 -
Ti"*"^
- Qua trinh chuyen dich dien tich giua boa
tri
Fe^"*^
- 0 -
Ti'*"'
va
Cr'^"'
-
Cap
Fe^'^/Fe^"'
va
Cr^""
-Fe^%aCr^^
- Qua trinh chuyen dich dien tich giua boa
tri
Fe^^
- 0 -
Ti"*"*^
-
Fe
"*"
va
Cr^"'
cung vdi
qua

trinh chuyen
djcb
dien tich giiia
boa tri
Fe^'^
- 0 -
Ti'"
Qua trinh chuyen
djch
dien tich giua
hoa tri
Fe^'^
- 0 -
Ti"*"
ciing
Cr^"
trong
phdi
tri 8 mat
-
Do
sir
dich chuyen
cua
cap
ion
Fe"^
-
Fe'^^
- Tarn

mau
(tarn mau)
Id
hong
do su
thay
ddi cua cac ion hda tri +2
thay
the
cho
Al^'^
trong
cau
true ciia
ruby, saphir
nhu
Mg^"'.
Su
ket hap
ciia
mau
dd
(Cr^"*")
vdi mot
hoac
cac
nguyen nhan
gay mau
vang
Su dich chuyen dien tich

ciia
cap
Fe"""^
-
Fe"'^,
cpng
vdi su
djch chuyen
ciia
lap dien
tii
ben
trong
Fe"'^
-
Ti"''*
-^
Fe"""^
-
Ti"^
Su
di
chuyen tich
cua ion V
"^
trong phdi
tri
tarn
mat
trong

cau
triic.
Do
sir
can bang dien
d ca mau dd va lam - luc,
sir
thay
ddi mau
ciia
da quy phu
thupc
vao
thanh phan
ciia
ngudn sang
Mau
CO
hpc
la
do mau
nau
dam
ciia
cac tarn hematit
Do cd mau sac dep, dp cung cao nen
tir
xa xua ruby, saphir da duac coi la
mot loai da quy cao cap. Lien quan vdi mau sac ruby, saphir cd nhirng ten gpi khac
nhau: ruby la loai cd mau dd, saphir - mau lam, saphir mau - cac mau con

iai,
leucosaphir - khdng mau.
d
ruby va saphir hay gap hieu img sao do su phan xa anh sang tir cac bao the
hinh kim
nho
nam ben trong, cac sao
thuoTig
cd sau canh (Hinh 1.2, saphir sao).
Ngoai ra cung gap hieu ung mat meo va hieu ung doi mau. Day la cac hieu irng anh
sang lam tang ve dep va gia tri
ciia
ruby, saphir.
Hinh
1.2. Ruby (mau do), saphir mau (hong, vang,
tim),
saphir (lam), saphir sao
1.2. Phuang phap nghien
ciru
1.2.1. Phuang phap thue dia khao sat dja chat
Khao sat dac diem dia chat
ciia
cac diem md, quan sat the nam, quan he
giija
cac thanh tao chua ruby, saphir vdi cac da vay quanh, thu thap mau vat dia chat.
1.2.2. Cac phuang phap phan tich trong phong
1,2,2,1,
Cdcphirongphdp
phan
tich

hodly:
a,
Phu'ffngphdp
microsond
Xac dinh thanh phan hda hpc cua ruby, saphir va khoang vat cpng sinh vdi chiing.
b.
Phirffng
phdp
huynh
quang
tiaX
Xac dinh thanh phan hda hpc
ciia
cac da chira ryby, saphir
3,2,3,3, Cdc phuang phdp ngoc hoc
a. Phuong phap
khiic
xa ke
Xac dinh chiet suat
ciia
ruby, saphir
b.
Xac djnh pho hap thu
Xac dinh pho hap thu
ciia
ruby, saphir
c. Xac djnh tinh phat quang
duai
tia
eye

tim
Xac dinh tinh phat quang cua ruby, saphir
d. Xac djnh ty trong
Xac dinh ty trong
ciia
ruby, saphir
e. Xac dinh dac diem ben trong
Xac dinh dac diem bao the, dp nirt ne,
ciia
ruby, saphir
m
cHironvG 2
DAC DIEM THANH PHAN VAT CHAT DA
CHlfA
RUBY,
SAPHIR
MO AN PHU VA TRUC
LAU -
LUC YEN
Da chua ruby, saphir
ciia
md An
Phii
la da hoa calcit. Da chua saphir
ciia
md
Tnic Lau la da gneis. Ca bai md deu thupc huyen Luc Yen, tinh Yen Bai, md An
Phu a ba trai song Chay va thupc dai cau tnic Song Chay , md Tnic Lau a ba phai
song Chay, thupc dai cau tnic Song Hong (Hinh 2.1).
PR

nr I
"i^'''"Q'^9'^''-"'
'I^
tlm^ii "''icli
and
silrfnsnil
Ht lang Nur Voi piagi^neii rla phiSn Inacr
an
5ilim,if!rt hiolil amphibc-lit ttiSj kinh <Ja fica
Ihadi
anh
granal
silimani^.
<1a quartil
Phi/c
h*>
PiaBiooc miaogranil tiotJI qran.l
!>ni!
gianit sang maj yogmalu
va
aplil
^
Mo
S3 kfiosng
^
Mo goc
0 Diim Tio
^ DiCTi 110 irong ija
hoa
2.1.

Dac
di^m
thanh phan vat chat da hoa mo An Phu
Da hoa chira ruby, saphir mau md An Phu cd dac diem
nhir
sau:
11
2.1.1.
Thanh phan hoa hoc
Tir ket qua phan tich thanh phan hda hpc (Bang 2.1)
ciia
da hoa chua ruby,
saphir mau mo An
Phii
c6 the thay: Si, Ti va dac biet la
Al
tang cao. Thanh phan Cr
tang trong khi Ga, V
Iai
thap ban ham luang trung binh.
Bang
2.1.
Thanh phan hoa hoc
ciia
da hoa
chira
ruby, saphir mau va spinel mo An Phu
(phan tich bang phuang phdp huynh quang
tia
X

tai Vien
Dia
chdt,
Greifswald,
Dire)
TT
1
2
3
4
SiOz
(%)
0.42
1.42
3.29
1.42
Ti02
(%)
0.118
0.051
0.020
0.044
AI203
(%)
3.60
2.43
1.18
1.39
FezOi
(%)

0.49
0.17
0.17
0.18
MnO
(%)
0.005
0.008
0.022
0.009
MgO
(%)
0.77
1.80
10.41
1.35
CaO
(%)
51.80
51.05
42.72
52.26
NazO
(%)
0.04
0.13
0.06
0.09
K2O
(%)

0.02
0.16
0.01
0.06
P2O5
(%)
0.018
0.020
0.068
0.050
Cr*
ppm
32
18
77
15
Ga*
ppm
<3
<3
<3
<3
V*
ppm
< 12
12
13
< 12
H^m
lu'Q'ng

trung binh cac nguyen to trong
d^
cacbonat
(Dia hoa
lioc,
Dang Trung
Thugn,
2005)
(),()()
O.SI
n ^4
{|.>4
(1
05
7»()
42.6
1
n.{)5
0.3.^^
i).()4
1 1
4
-"'"
Chu thich: I-
AP4;
2-
LYWI:
dd hoa calcit
chica
ruby, saphir mau; 3- LY120;

4-
LY140:
dd hoa calcit dolomit chira spinel
2.1.2,
Thanh phan thach
hoc va
to hop khoang
vat
cong sinh dac trung
Da hoa calcit chua ruby, saphir mau he tang An
Phii
cd dac diem thach hpc
sau:
Da mau trang chira corindon, amphibon, phlogopit, graphit, pyrit
(hiiili 22
2.5);
kiln tnic hat bien tinh, khdng deu, kich
thudc
tir nhd den
Ian,
bao gom cac to
hop cpng sinh khoang vat sau (hinh 2.6a - 2.10):
- Calcit
+
ruby, saphir mau +/- graphit +/- pyrit
- Calcit + ruby, saphir mau
+
amphibon +/- graphit +/- pyrit
- Calcit + ruby, saphir mau + amphibon + phlogopit +/- margarit +/- graphit
+/-

pyrit
12
Hinh 2.2 Da hoa calcit chua corindon
Hinh
2.4. Da hoa calcit chua corindon,
amphibon, phlogopit, pyrit
Hinh 2.3. Da hoa calcit chua corindon,
amphibon (Mau LY123)
Hinh 2.5. Da hoa calcit chua corindon,
amphibon, phlogopit, pyrit, graphit,
margarit (Mau
LYIOI)
Hinh 2.6a. Can bang Cor - Cc
M§u
LY121,
nicon: -; d = 1.2mm
Hinh 2.6b. Can bang Cor - Cc
Mau AP4, nicon: -; d = 1.2mm
13
Hinh 2.7.
THCS:
Cor + Amp + Cc
+
Phi
Mau
LYlOl,
nicon: +; d = L2mm
Hinh 2.8.
THCS:
Phi + Amp + An

+ Cor
Mau LY123, nicon: +; d = 1.2mm
t-^''.yim
Hinh 2.9. THCS:
Phi
+ Cor + Am + Cc Hinh 2.10.
THCS:
Cor + An +
Phi
Mau
LYlOl/4,
nicon:
+;
d = 1.2mm Mau
LYlOl/2,
nicon: +; d = L2mm
Tir cac to hop khoang vat cpng sinh tren cho thay ruby, saphir duac ket tinh
trong qua trinh bien chat tir da cacbonat giau Al, Cr. Vi vay, dac diem va chat
lugng
ngpc cua ruby, saphir trong da hoa chiu nhieu anh
huoTig ciia
da cacbonat (cu the
dupe
xem xet trong
chuang
3).
2.2.
Dac
dilm
thanh phan vat chat da gneis mo

True
Lau
2.2.1.
Thanh phan hoa hoc
Thanh
phSn
hda hpc da gneis viing nghien cim
dupe
trinh bay trong Bang 2.2.
14
Bang 2.2. So sanh thanh phan cac nguyen to hoa hoc cua gneis
True
Lau
vol
ham
luong
trung hinh cua chung trong da phien set
TT
1
2
3
4
TiOz
(%)
0.061
0.744
4.999
0.65
AI2O3
(%)

13.71
14.19
29.62
15.4
Fe203
(%)
0.61
6.02
19.88
4.02
MgO
(%)
0.09
0.54
0.25
2.44
CaO
(%)
1.2
2.03
0.57
3.11
NajO
(%)
3.33
3.02
2.03
1.30
K2O
(%)

4.97
4.68
5.56
3.24
Si02
(%)
73.72
65.52
35.79
58.10
Cr
(ppm)
<5
<5
51
100
Ga
(ppm)
17
25
46
80
V
(ppm)
< 12
< 12
292
130
Chii
thich:

J,
2:
gneis khdng chica
corindon;
3:
gneis chica
corindon;
4:
phien set
(Dia hda hoc
-
Dang Trung Thugn
2005).
Tir ket qua phan tich tren cd the nhan thay:
O mau chua saphir cd
sir
thay ddi dot bien: ham luang Al rat cao so vdi 2
mau con
Iai,
ciing nhu vay vai ham luang Fe va Ti, K va Na, trong khi Si giam
dang ke.
CJ
cac mau nay, thach anh gan nhu vang mat hoan toan, trong khi so luang
khoang vat phu giau sat, titian nhu manhetit, ilmenit
Iai
cd mat thuang xuyen vdi
ham luang dang ke (cd mau den 7%).
Dac biet, khi so sanh ham luang cac nguyen to trong gneis chira saphir vai dp
phd
bien

ciia
chung trong da tram tich (set va phien set) nhan thay gneis chira saphir Tnic
Lau tang cao ham luang cac nguyen to Al, Ti, Fe, Na,
K,
V nhung
Iai
giam cac nguyen
td
Mg, Ca, Cr va Ga. Dac diem nay anh
hudng
rat ro net trong thanh phan cua to hap
cpng sinh khoang vat ciing nhu dac diem
ciia
saphir.
2.2.2.
Thanh
ph§n
thach hoc va
t6
hap khoang vat cong sinh dac trung
Thanh
phSn
da gneis chira saphir a Tnic Lau gom chu yeu la feldspar (chiem 53
- 90%), trong do plagiocla
chilm
4 - 75%, K- feldspar chiem < 1 - 40%, biotit tir vai
phhn
tram
d8n
40% a loai gneis biotit. Silimanit cd mat a tat ca cac mau, tir vai

ph^n
tram, ca biet
len
tai
21%.
Granat
xuk
bien lac dac, spinel - hercynit cd tir vai
hat
d6n
6%, khoang vat quang cd manhetit, ilmenit. Zircon ciing xuat hien vai hat trong
cac
lat
mdng, thach anh
xu^t
hien trong mot so
lat
mdng. Phan tich cac
mlu
gneis chira
saphir cho cac to hop sau:
• Sillimanit
dangiangnu + granat
+ spinel + saphir
+
biotit + feldspar
K+
plagiocla
• Sillimanit
dang lang try +

saphir + spinel
+
feldspar
K+
plagiocla
• Sillimanit
dangiangtm
+ granat + biotit + feldspar
K+
plagiocla.
75
Hinh
2,11.
Gneis chira saphir mo
True
Lau
Hinh 2.12. THCS:
Fel-K+CorfSil,
nicon -, d
=
0.6mm
Hinh 2.14. THCS:
Pla+CoH-Sil;
nicon -, d = 0.6mm
Hinh 2.16. THCS:
Pla+Cor+Spi+Bi;
nicon -, d
=
0.6mm
*^^/^

rTT-
'\i
•^
4
.V
^S^
%
'^°-^
n^_^
%L'Kfr
fci.
1
J
^
^^
Fel
K
•
V'
r
«*
p
^ ^'^
%h'
r
'V('•^\=^
^^.
.
JL
^

Hinh
2.13.
THCS:
Fel-K+CoH-Sil;
nicon
+,
d = 0.6mm
Hmh
2.15.
THCS:
Pla+CoH-Sil;
nicon +, d = 0.6mm
Hinh
2.17. THCS:
Grt+CorHFel-K+;
nicon-, d
=
0.6mm
16
Tir nhirng to hap khoang vat cpng sinh cho thay saphir md Tnic Lau cd
nguon goc bien chat tir da set giau Al, Fe, Ti nen saphir md Tnic Lau cd nhirng tinh
chat phan anh ro moi
trudug
hda hpc thanh tao (chi
tiSt
dupe khao sat trong chuang 3).
OAI
HOC QUOC GIA HA
NOi
TRUNG

TAfv/
fHONG
TIN THU
ViEN
17
cHironvG 3
DAC DIEM NGOC HOC CUA
RUBY,
SAPHIR
MO AN PHU VA TRUC
LAU -
LUC YEN
3.1.
Dac diem ngoc hoc
ciia
ruby, saphir mo An
Phii
- Luc Yen
3.1.1.
Thanh
phSn
hoa hoc
Khac vai corindon mo Tnic Lau va Dak Ton, corindon md An
Phii
dac trung
bang
sir
uu the ciia Cr. Ham luang cac nguyen to vet trong corindon An Phu giam
dan
theo thu tu: Cr>Ti>Fe>Mg>V>Ga. Trong dd, Cr thay doi tir 157 - 2672ppm,

trung binh la 1764ppm, va hau bet cac mau cd ham
luprng
>350ppm
(dii
de corindon
cd mau do); Ti thay doi rpng, tir 0
-
894ppm, trung binh la 369ppm; Fe tir 0 -
591ppm, trung binh la 251ppm; Mg tir 30 - 150, trung binh la 105ppm; V thay ddi
tir 10 - ban 109ppm, trung binh 75ppm; Ga hau bet <75ppm, trung binh la 67ppm,
dac trung cho loai bien chat; Ty so Cr203/Ga203>l, chu yeu >10. Ngoai ra, con
phat hien cac nguyen to tap chat nhu: Si, Na, K,
UMg
• Ga
U i
So
mSu
Hinh
3.1.
Ham
luong
cac nguyen to vet (ppm) trong corindon An Phu
3.1.2. Mau
s^c
Mau cua ruby, saphir
chii y8u
do nguyen td Cr, Fe, Ti gay nen. Ham luang cac
nguyen td gay mau trong ruby, saphir An Phu giam dan theo thir tu: Cr>Ti>Fe.
Trong dd, Cr thay ddi tir 157 - 2672ppm, trung binh la
1764ppm,

va hau het cac mlu
cd ham lugng >350ppm (du
dk
corindon cd mau dd); Ti thay doi rpng, tir 0 -
894ppm, trung binh la 369ppm; Fe tir 0 -
591
ppm,
trung binh la
251
ppm.
Do thanh
phhn nguyen td gay mau chinh la Cr nen corindon trong da hoa An
Phii
cd mau dd
vai dp dam nhat khac nhau kern theo
sir
anh hudng cua Fe, Ti ma cd the la xin cho den
18
tuoi:
do tuai, do
tham,
chuyin
sang do tia, dd nau, do nhat
chuyin
sang hong nhat, hoac
lln
cac
ddm
mau lam, lam nhat (Hinh 3.2).
Saphir hSu nhu

khong gap.
Hinh 3.2. Mau sac cua ruby, saphir mo An
Phii
- Luc Yen
3.1.3.
Ty trong
Ty trong
ciia
ruby, saphir mau An Phu dao dpng trong khoang 3,83 den 4,01,
trung binh thudrng la 3,94 - 3,99
3.1.4.
Chiet suat, luang chiet suat
Chilt
suat: 1,762 -
1,770,
luang
chik suk
- 0,008
3.1.5.
Tinh
phat quang
The hien ro, dac biet a nhirng vien mau dd dam, tat ca deu phat quang manh,
mau do duai tia
cue
tim song dai, yeu
hon
duai tia cue tim song ngan.
3.1.6. Dac diem ben trong
Bao the dac trung
ciia

corindon An Phu la: calcit, phlogopit, pyrit, graphit.
Ngoai ra, con gap cac bao the apatit, zircon, plagiocla, corindon,
rutil
va bao
thi
long
gdm:
bao
thd
long nguyen sinh (loai A), bao the long gia thu sinh (loai B) va
bao thi long thir sinh
thue sir (loai
C). Cac bao the long la nhirng bao
tha
da pha
chira td hap
C02-H2S-COS-S8-A10(OH)
(Gaston Giuliani va nnk,
2003),
19
Hmh
3.3.
Bao
thi
calcit, hien
tuong
nut
ne;
nicon: +; d = 0.6mm
Hinh 3.5. Bao the zircon tu hinh;

nicon: -; d
=
0.3mm
Hinh 3.7. Bao the corindon tu hinh, song
tinh pha buy; nicon:
+;
d = 0.3mm
Hinh 3.9. Bao the nguyen sinh loai A
(Gaston
GiuUani
va nnk, 2003)
"^^
V.
Hinh
3.11.
Bao the long gia thu sinh loai B
(Gaston
Giuhani
va nnk, 2003)
Hinh 3.4. Bao the phlogopit,
spuiel,
plagiocla; nicon:
+;
d = 0.3mm
Hinh 3.6. Bao the apatit
Hinh 3.8. Bao the rutil; d = 0.3mm
Hinh 3.10. Bao the nguyen sinh loai A
(Gaston Giuliani va nnk, 2003)
Hinh 3.12. Bao the thu sinh thue su loai C
(Gaston Giuliani va nnk, 2003)

20
Ben canh
sir
phong
phii ciia
cac loai bao the khac nhau thi hien
tuong
nirt ne,
song tinh pha buy hinh thanh sau qua trinh
kk
tinh lam anh hudrng
d^n
chk luang ngpc
cua corindon viing mo nay
3.2.
Dac diem ngoc hoc cua ruby, saphir mo Triic Lau - Luc Yen
3.2.1.
Thanh phan hoa hoc
Cac kk qua phan tich thanh phan cua corindon Triic Lau (Hinh 3.1) cho
thay, ham
lupTig
cac nguyen td vk giam
dSn
tir Fe>Ti>Cr>Ga>V. Trong do, Fe la
nguyen to
luon luon
c6 mat va vai ham luang lorn tir
1167 dSn
13844,
trung binh la

7653ppm,
hkxx
hk
Ion hem
3000ppm; Ti thay ddi 1dm, cd mau khdng phat hien dupe
nhung cung cd
mlu
len
din
bom lOOOppm, trung binh la
118ppm;
Cr tir 0 -
582ppm, chu yeu nhd ban 150ppm (ham luang
dii dk
cho corindon cd mau hdng),
trung binh la 109ppm; Ga
biln
thien vk rpng (10 - 250ppm), trung binh la 96ppm;
V tir 8 - 50ppm (trung binh la 20ppm). Ty
s6 Cr203/Ga203
chu
yh
nhd ban 3.
Ngoai ra, con phat hien cac nguyen to tap chat nhu: Si, Na, K,
p
1
5
E
s
j

1
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4CO0
2000
• Fe
• Or
•
Ti
DMg
• Ga
• V
1 12
So
mau
Hinh 3.13. Ham
luung
cac nguyen to vet (ppm) trong corindon Triic Lau
3.2.2. Man
s^c
Khac vai md An Phu, d md Tnic Lau chu yeu gom saphir va saphir mau do
ham luang nguyen td gay mau giam dan theo thir
tir
nhu sau: Fe>Ti>Cr. Trong dd, Fe
la nguyen td luon luon cd mat va vai ham luang 1dm tir
1167

den
13844,
trung binh
la 7653ppm,
hlu
hk 1dm ban
SOOOppm;
Ti thay doi 1dm, cd mau khong phat hien
nhung ciing cd mlu len
din
ban lOOOppm. trung binh la
llSppm;
Cr tir 0 -
582ppm, chu
y6u
nhd hon 150ppm (ham luang du de cho corindon cd mau hdng).
21
Saphir va saphir mau md Tnic Lau cd mau lam
toi,
xam trang, trang
due,
xam
phdrt
vang, trang
due loang
16 (Hinh 3.2), vdi cuong dp
rit
xin. Loai corindon mau do
trong da goc hau nhu rat hiem khi gap, chi gap mot vai vien mau hong nhat cd kich
thuac rat nho, bdi ham

lupmg
Cr thudrng nhd horn 150ppm (ham
lupmg cin thiSt
di
corindon cho mau hong nhat).
Hinh
3.14.
Mau
sac
cua
saphir Tnic Lau
3.2.3.
Ty trong
Phu thupc vao mire dp
chiia
bao the ran ben trong ma ty trpng cua cac vien
saphir cung thay doi. Cac vien nhd it ran nirt, chua it bao the thudmg cd ty trong cao
bom so vai cac vien chua nhieu bao the, ran nut manh. Gia tri ty trpng thay doi tir
3,95 - 3,99.
3.2.4.
Chiet suat
Saphir mo Tnic Lau cd chiet suat dao dpng trong khoang 1,762 -
1,771.
3.2.5. Tinh phat quang
K8t
qua phan tinh dudi tia cue tim sdng ngan vai song dai cho thay saphir
md Tnic Lau
hlu
nhu khong phat quang, do ham lupmg sat qua cao.
3.2.6. Dac

diSm
ben trong
Saphir chua
nhi6u
bao the ran, sam mau nhu biotit, ilmenit, manhetit, zircon
(phan anh moi trudmg kk tinh giau Fe, Ti) va bao the
thii
sinh nhu clorit, cac pha
buy sau qua
trinh
kk tinh (song tinh, nirt ne).
Dp trong su6t
ciia
saphir bi anh hudrng do cac ti vet ben trong nhu bao the,
khe nirt. Nhin chung saphir
True
Lau cd dp trong suot trung binh den kern do chira
s6
lupmg
1dm
bao
thi
cd kich thudc 1dm, sam mau nhu da ke tren va
sir
phat trien cua
he
thdng
song tinh pha huy,
sir niit
ne. Cac hat cd kich thuac 1dm thuang md

due,
22
khong
thiu
quang, cac hat ban trong thudmg c6 kich thuac nhd
(<5mm)
va chira it
bao
th€
bom.
Hinh
4.15.
Bao
the
manheit;
vet khia
trong corindon;d =
0.3mm,
nicon:
+
Hmh
4.16.
Bao
the
ilmenit, biotit;
song
tinh
pha
huy;
d

=
0.1mm
Huih
4.17.
Bao
the
zircon;
d =
0.1mm
Hinh 4.18.
Bao
the
ilmenit,
clorit;
hien
tuong nut
ne
phat
trien;
d
=
0.1mm
3.3.
Moi quan he
giu
thanh phan da chua va chat
luung
ngoc cua ruby, saphir
vung nghien
ciru

Ruby, saphir mau md An
Phii dupe
ket tinh trong da hoa calcit, da hoa calcit
dolomit giau Al, Cr, ngheo Fe. Saphir md
True
Lau
dupe
ket tinh trong da gneis
giau Fe, Ti. Do thanh phan
ciia
da chira khac nhau (da trinh bay trong chuang 2)
dan den chat lupmg ngpc
ciia
ruby, saphir bai viing md nay ciing rat khac nhau.
Chat luang ngpc cua ruby, saphir duac danh gia qua ba tieu chi ca ban la mau
sac,
do tinh khiet va kich thuac.
3.3.1.
Mau
sac
Mau
s^c
quyet dinh dp dep, xau cua ruby, saphir va phu thupc
chii
yeu vao
thanh
phin
hda hpc, dd la cac nguyen td gay mau Cr, Fe, Ti, V, Mg.
Saphir md
True

Lau cd cac mau xanh xam, lam xam, lam phot vang vdi
cuang dp
rit
xin. Ruby, saphir mau An Phu cd mau dd, tia, hong vai cudmg dp tir
xin
din rit
tuai. Nhu vay, xet theo tieu chi mau sac thi ruby, saphir mau An
Phii
cd
chit lugng
cao con saphir True Lau cd
chit
lupmg mau
sic rit
thip.
3.3.2.
Dp tinh khiet
Dp tinh
khilt
qnyk djnh dp ben. dep cua corindon va phu thupc vao thanh
phin,
s6
lupmg bao
Xhk
cac nirt ne, pha huy sau qua trinh thanh tao
ciia
khoang vat
da quy.
23
Dp tinh khiet cua saphir Tnic Lau rat thap do chua nhieu bao the sam mau

nhu: biotit, ilmenit, manhetit va hien tuong pha
hiiy
sau qua trinh ket tinh: song tinh
pha buy, nut ne.
Mac
dii chiia
nhieu loai bao the, nhung vai so lupmg va kich thuac nhd, it
niit
ne bom nen dp tinh khiet cua ruby, saphir mau An Phu cao bom
ciia
saphir
True
Lau
3.3.3.
Kich thudc
Kich thuac quyet dinh dp dep va kha nang su dung cua ruby, saphir. Mot
vien ruby, saphir c6 mau dep, dp tinh khiet cao ma kich
thudfc rIt
nhd thi
khd chg
tac,
gia tri thap va nhu vay cung khong duac danh gia la cd chat lupmg cao.
Nhin chung, ruby, saphir thupc 2 viing md deu c6 kich thuac tir nhd (ca
<mm) den
1dm
(4, 5cm).
Vai cac dac trung chat lupmg ngpc nhu tren cd the ket
luan:
ruby, saphir mau
md An

Phii
c6 chat lupmg ngpc cao, saphir md Tnic Lau cd chat lupmg ngpc rat
thap.
24
KET LUAN
Tir nhirng ket qua nghien cuu tren cd the di den mot so ket luan sau:
1.
Da hoa canxit chua ruby, saphir md An
Phii
- Luc Yen thupc loai cao Al, Cr,
thap Fe. Da gneis chua saphir mo Tnic Lau thupc loai cao Al, Ti, Fe, thap
Cr.
2.
Ruby, saphir md An Phu cd dac diem ngpc tuomg img vai thanh phan cua da
chiia la
cd mau do tuai, do tia, hong, phat quang duai tia
cue
tim sdng ngan
va song dai, chiia cac bao the dac trung Canxit, phlogopit, graphit, pyrit.
Saphir mo Tnic Lau cd dac diem ngpc tuomg ung vai da chua la cd mau lam
toi,
xam trang, trang
due,
xam phdrt vang, hong nhat, trang due loang
Id,
hau
het deu tra duai tia cue tim sdng ngan va sdng dai, chira bao the dac trung
biotit, ilmenit, manhetit.
25
LIEU THAM KHAO

Tieng Viet
1.
Dia
chdt
vd khoang san 1/50.000 to Yen
The,
to Ke
Giang,
nhom To Luc Yen
Chdu. 1999. Cue Dia chat va khoang san
2.
Nguyen Ngpc Khoi va nnk (1995), "Dac diem chat lupmg ruby, sapphir Viet
Nam". Tap
chi
Dia
chdt,
s6 230, 9-10.
3.
Pham Van Long (2003), Nghien ciru dac diem tinh the khoang vat hoc vd ngoc
hoc cua ruby, sapphir hai vung mo Luc Yen (Yen Bdi) vd Quy Chdu (Nghe An).
Luan an Tien
sT
Dia chat.
4.
Nguy Tuyet Nhung (1998), "Ruby, sapphir va cac da ban quy viing md Luc
Yen",
TCDia
chdt,
A/245, 62-68.
5.

Nguy Tuyet Nhung va nnk (2007), Bao cao tong ket de tai trpng diem cap Dai
hpc Quoc gia Ha Noi: Nghien cuu xac lap mot so loai hinh mo da quy c6 trien
vong cong nghiep o Viet Nam.
6. Dang Trung Thuan (2005), Dia hoa
hoc,
Nha
xult
ban Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Noi.
7.
Nguyin
Thi Minh
Thuygt
va nnk (2007),
"Digu
kien nhiet dp - ap suat thanh tao
da hoa chira da quy viing md Luc Yen". Tap chi Cdc khoa hoc ve Trai
Ddt,
So 3,
pg254-260.
8.
NguySn
Thi Minh
Thuyk
va nnk (2007), bao cao tdng kk de tai DHQG, ma so
QT.07.40 "Nghien
ciiu
dac
di^m
thach luan da chira corindon hai viing md True
Lau va Luc Yen".

Ti^ng
Anh
9. Belyaev L.M., (1980), Ruby and Sapphire, Amerind, New Delhi.
10.
V. Gamier, H. Maluski, G.
Giuliani.
D. Ohnenstetter, and D. Schwarz
Can (2006),
"Ar-Ar
and U-Pb ages of marble-hosted ruby deposits from central
and southeast Asia", J. Earth Sci./Rev. can.
sci.
Ten*e
43(4): 509-532.
26