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Quan hệ của Kambuja với các quốc gia Đông Nam Á thời kỳ Ăngkor (802-1432

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ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN
==============



NGUYỄN THỊ NGỌC THẢO




QUAN HỆ CỦA KAMBUJA VỚI CÁC QUỐC GIA
ĐÔNG NAM Á THỜI KỲ ĂNGKOR (802-1432)



LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ
CHUYÊN NGÀNH: LỊCH SỬ THẾ GIỚI





HÀ NỘI - 2012


ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN
==============




NGUYỄN THỊ NGỌC THẢO




QUAN HỆ CỦA KAMBUJA VỚI CÁC QUỐC GIA
ĐÔNG NAM Á THỜI KỲ ĂNGKOR (802-1432)


LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ CHUYÊN NGÀNH LỊCH SỬ THẾ GIỚI
MÃ SỐ: 60 22 50



NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: PGS.TS NGÔ VĂN DOANH



HÀ NỘI - 2012



1
MC LC
PHÂ
̀
N MƠ
̉
ĐÂ

̀
U 3
1.  3
2.  4
3.  

 7
4. 







 . 8
5. 







 9
6. 






 9
CHƯƠNG 1. QU TRNH HNH THNH V PHT TRIN CA
VƯƠNG TRIÊ
̀
U ĂNGKOR (802-1432) 10
1.1. 







 10
1.2. 













(802-1432) 22

1.2.1. 





  22
1.2.2. 





 

 25
1.3. 





 32
1.4. 

 34
CHƯƠNG 2: MÔ
́
I QUAN HÊ
̣

CU
̉
A VƯƠNG QUÔ
́
C KAMBUJA

́
I CA
́
C QUÔ
́
C GIA ĐÔNG NAM A
́
36
2.1. 









(802-1432) 36
2.1.1. 






 - 



 36
2.1.2.













 40
2.2. 





i Vit thi k -1432) 51
2.2.1. 










i Vit 51
2.2.2 













i Vit 60

2
2.3. 




mbuja v











 66
2.3.1 



















 66
2.3.2. 










 73
2.3.2.1.  



(Xiêm) 73
2.3.2.2. 





 c ci Thái
(Xiêm) 77
2.4. 


 82

́
T LUÂ
̣
N 85
DANH MC TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 91
PH LC 96
PH LC TRANH ẢNH 98


3







1. 


 và


  
. T







V. Khi 


Kambuja,  cho cái tên   , 

cai q 
 . 








 .




, q





 







  









 . 

  (802-1432) 



















 
 . 

 , 

 
 



  



.


  






 ,








 






 . 







 ASEAN  




sông Mê Kông 






  , 








  . 










, 










 ,  


 

 










 .




, 















, 










  









 

. 








, 









 ,  






 


 

4
 : 
















(802-1432).
2. 
 

 











 (802-1432)  , 














 . 

,  













 



. Tuy nhiên, 

 
















 





trong  



. C 
 
















, 




 .




 Lch s Đông Nam  

 .G.E. Hall  Lch s
Đông Nam A
́
” - The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia” 


  












 




(802-1432) 
 . Tuy nhiên,  








 























.[16, tr. 165-223]
Cổ s các quốc gia Ấn Độ hóa ở viễn đông

eorge Coedès
nghiên 















 
 . 

  , 




, 
 




















, 











. Tuy nhiên, n






































 t.  








.

5


















 (802-1432). 

 Đế ch

̉
Khơme - The Ancient Khmer Empire” 



















 ,   



. 






 , 











 









 , 















 .













  








 



 n  






 “Ăngkor va
̀
đế chế Khơme - Angkor and The Khmer
Empire”.  , công 




 , 


nh, 

 , 
  . [55, pg. 88-262]






Lch s Cămpuchia - A history of
Cambodia” 























 












 [51, pg. 35-119] 



. 




 Hải
thương va
̀

̣
pha
́
t triê
̉
n nha
̀
nươ
́
c sơ ky
̀
ơ
̉
Đông Nam A
́
- Maritime trade and
state development in Early Southest Asia 



 






















. 























[54, pg. 136-194]. 










 . 

















.A. 



Đế quốc Ăngkor” .
, 














































 


 , 





. Tuy
nhiên,  





 nghiên






, , .

6
 , 









 










. 










 

802-1432 
  



























 . 









 60 







 (1944-2004) 












  , 


. [17, tr. 247-256]. 
Doanh  “Chân La
̣

p thơ
̀
i ky
̀
đầu (550-790)”[7,
tr. 3-12], PGS.



 “Sự hình thành và phát
triển của vương quốc Chân Lạp”[20, tr.13-22] Về sự chia tách giữa Lục
Chân Lạp và Thủy Chân Lạp”[21, tr. 3-10]. 














  




 . Tuy nhiên, cá







































.  









 













 “Về quan hệ Đại Việt và Chân Lạp th k XI-XVI” [12, tr.
39-56] 













 “Quan hệ thương mại
của Vương quốc Chămpa trong khu vực (th k X đn cuối th ký XV)”[14,tr.
61-69] 







 







 

 .   






























pa, Xiêm 










. M,  


: , , 












, 














.

7
Campuchia  

 











  












 .    ,  ,


 ,  

cung c
 “Lch s Campuchia ”. 


1997 



















“Đất nươ
́
c Cămpuchia li
̣
ch sư
̉
va
̀
văn minh”   (
biên)  , 







 . 




















. 













(802-1432)  L.A.Xedop  Đế quốc
Ăngkor”  




  









 













 





 .























































 ,  .

 “Vương quốc
Chămpa” 







  “Quan hê
̣
giư
̃
a vương quốc

̉
Chămpa vơ
́
i ca
́
c nươ
́
c trong khu vư
̣
c”. 




  










 



. 









 


 


 













 .
3. 

(

  ) 
 trong 



. 















 









8









, , 

, 

 




 cho 














 , 





























 (hay Xiêm) . 

, 















, 


  

 

lên 
quan 







. 




, x




,  












 












 trong  ,  
giao 

nên 







  




   .















 802
 1432, 





 




  
  n
 t



.
4. 










 .























 : , 





 ,  A













 .
,  










 t. 




 ,  




theo :
Phương pha
́
p li
̣
ch sư
̉
: , 
















 , 





  

802 1432.
Phương pháp phân tích so sánh:  a trên nhng mc ca s
kin và thi gian 

 , 







9










 


 
 



 bang 



 .
Phương pháp phân kỳ: p trong nghiên
cu 



  



  






làm sáng t nm ca 

 n phát trin, ghi 

bi

 







 












 ,  , 





 . 









 














 802-1432 trong 




  .
5. 









































. 

, 




















. 





































 , 




  ây  












.
6. 













 :







 
- 1: 
(802-1432)
-  2: 



















: , 

10
1



(802-1432)

1.1. 









 

 -V,  














 , thôn
 . 










 













 . 

 , 










 . 

















 p. 





 , 












 Ty thư 






 (589-618)
 ,  616 

 617, 














  . 







Isanavarman (I Xa Na Tiên ) 

. 


















 . 

 , 

 82: 



 47,

 , 1198-1199 


. 









 .  60 
.  ,  . Vua










 (Kshatrya - 

 ). 



Na (Sitrasena). 


















lên. 









 . 


 ,


 . 



 , 










. 












 . 





 , vua


 30 . 











, . 


 [17, tr. 298].  nay, 


































. 






11
 ( , 










 ).



















, 


















 (









, 





). 























 , 










 , 




  . 
, 












 , 


. 














ing-kia-po-po. 



















 ,  -to-li, 






 . 






 [3, tr. 130].




























 





 . 











 

   m, 












 . 

, 






























 . 



 , 


 










 ( )
 () . 




 , 



 


 (

 )  , 
(






 ) . 




, 

















 







 : 
 ; 
, 











 .

12
K






  


 . 






 (Champasak)   






  . 












, 





















Nam. 

, 

















 [7, tr. 3-12]. 


















. 










. 








 . 


 












 , 

Svayambhuva, 




















 


 -Mera, 



























 . 









 , 







 , 














 [3, tr.131]. 
























 , v
Kambuja. V





      
 





 . 












Cresth











 , 





 . 



, 















 , 






 . V 




























 , 



























 sustra,

13


 , 



















 [7, tr. 3-12]. 






 , 












 . 

ng






































 [7, tr. 3-
12]. 
















 


























 . 














 


. 




































riêng. 














 , 



, 












 . 









 [17, tr. 298]. 


























 .  








. 





 , 



 5.000 



. 











 , 





 . 
 1,000 





.  .




 ,  . 













 [17, tr. 300].











, , 





. Bi










 

 . 








. 




 






Cresthavarman. 






 ,  

14
Kambuja, 











 . 


























 [7, tr.5].




















 . 












Viravarman. 





, 
. , 


















 [3, tr. 132]. 












eorge 








 




. 




 [3, tr. 66].
 , 





















avapura, Isa


























. 
















 , s























. 



, 


 : 








 , 










 , 








 [55, pg. 40].


















. 


















 








 (550-
802). 



















 . 


 . 



















 






 . 



 540-550, 








15
Chitrasena ( ) 





. 






  . 





















 . 




















 [3, tr.134] 
 Mê Kông  .




















. 





















, 











 , 









 







 , 







 , 








. 













 








 






 . Tuy nhiên, 






 , do
















 Mê Kông 




,  , 
thôi, 

 [7, tr. 7].
 





 m  , 






 . 



 :























 , 




 [20, tr. 16]. 













 ,

















 . 








 , 









































 .




, 
















  . Ông v




. 




 , 



16






. 



, 
 . nay, 




























 . 
 



540, 



















616, 














.

















 arman


 ,  (611-635), 










 . 









 , 





 . 










 








, 
 , 







 . 

 ,
















 . 
  “ông la

̀
chu
́
a tê
̉
cu
̉
a vu
̀
ng đất
ny [20, tr. 17]. 









 , 






. 

















(Vân Nam, ). 












 . , 











: 


Chakret (626-627), Sambor  Prei Kuk (627-628) Kdei Ang Chumnik (628-
629). 


















 , 


 , 




















[7, tr. 8].














 . 



 , 


 , 



 , Prayveng,
Kandan, Takeo, 










17
nay. 








 c







 . 

























 .


















 (615-635) [20, tr. 18] 












 

 , 



 “Les Monuments du Groupe d’
Angkor”  : 





 ,













 , 



 ( ,
Tchen La) hay Kambuja sau khi tuy



 , 




,  kinh 















 . 
 615,  635 

 



  [20, tr.18]. 




























, 

, 












. 










 
cao, 



























 , 





 .










 















 , , 










 . 








Bhavavarman 








 [20,
tr. 18]. 

, 











 , 



. 






 


























 (802-1432).











 (635-691).


















 , 





 , 

 .  635,

18






 (








 ). 




 , 






 
  . 





























 .








I 














 . 



















 (657-681). 






 , 












 n ra. 



















 . 





,  (

).
 , 
















































.




, 


































 . , 




 , 














 . 
. 















a Vvadhapura. 












 . 











, 





.  .






 ,  -

,





















 : 




Sumantra, 

   ( ), Dvaravati
(





 ). 







 



















 . 














19
 . 






 















 [17, tr. 264].
, 



















 . 



 , 






Lâm, : 




, 





 (618-626) 
(698), 





 . 



 (705-
706)  

 . 



















. 









 , , , , 
 [17, tr. 302].









 

 . 










 , 














ngh










 [21, tr. 3].  :








 , 

 , 




































  [56, pg. 158]











 : 










 . 





























 
[17, tr. 263]. 






















 . 











 
































 , 



 Mê Kông. 





















 .

20
















. 


 , 







 . 








 






, 
 . 





























 . 






 










Borei, Vyadhapura, 















 . 




 . ung, 














.





 










   . 

  Soma, 







 . 


















  






IX [21, tr. 7].






































 .
























 .


 , 










 . 






 












, 















 [55, pg. 64]. 



 , 


  .





























21








 . 



















 

 , 
















 . 









 , 





 Mê Kông. 
 




Vyadhapura. 





















 .












 ,  













 . 





717, 753, 771 799. 



 722  






















 734 













. 

















  





















 711. 



 722 










 . 753, 








 , 







. 771, 




 11 con  , 












, 



 [17, tr. 263]


























 , 





 





 . 
















  , 





 Mê Kông (


 ). 

















   .

22
, 

-








riêng,  . C 









 














 . Trong
 , , 









 , 
. 






















(802-1432).
1.2. 
















(802-1432)
1.2.1. 








IX 
tron
  Campuchia,
  -  (802-1432).
Jayavarman II. Ông ti thành Indrapura,
i ta cho rng v trí khong tnh Thbong Khmum, v 
Cham. Trong cuc khai qut kho c hc  Campuchia ngày nay, các di vt

ti di ch Banteay Prei Nokor chng t t c  t s
công trình ngh thut tin Angkor.  y mt hc gi Bà
 i chuyn
vi hành và tr thành ch t trong tc mi, tc th cúng Thn-Vua.
Sau thi gian gn bó v       
ng ti vùng Bin H. Trong tm bia 
Sdok Kak Thom có vi p cho
 ca mình mt khot và mt làng g [3, tr.
185] vùng nm  i Kuti còn tn
ti trong tên Banteay Kdei, mc xây dng bên cnh
mt công trình khác. Trong t

23
       trong thành ph   ng thành
      c b vào trong 

 th  [3, tr. 186].
Hariharâlaya là mt nhóm các ph tích có tên gm cách
khong 15km v    nh Siemreap, bao gm mt công trình,
Lolei, mà theo các nhà ngôn ng hc tên gng vang vng yu t ca
 bao gm nhiu dinh th kin trúc thuc
ngh thut tin Angkor. Jayavarman II ch cho sa sang li và xây dng mt
vài dinh th mi ta cho là chính ông xây dng. Trong tm bi ký còn
 cp tip theo nhà vua lp ra thành ph Amarendrapura và v 
n  trong thành ph  phc v  [3, tr.186].
Bi ký k tin tr vì  c
n   phc v 
 Bà La Môn có tên là Hiranyadâma, tinh thông
ma thui x s ca ngài. Nhà vua bèn mi ông ta t chc mt
nghi l c ci Kambuja không phi ph thuc vào Java na,

 cho ch còn mt v t làm vua, chúa t thiên h gi là
Chakravartin. V n hành mt nghi l Vinâcikha
và lp ra thit ch Thn-Vua. Ông ta ging d

  Vinâcikha,
Nayottara, Sammoha, Ciraccheda. c t n cu vit và ging
nhc ông Civakaivalya vào vic t l và th cúng Thn 
Vua và không ch cho nhi khác t lc ông Civakaivalya, v
  nh mi vào vic cúng l  [3, tr. 187].
Các nghi l c tin hành th hin s sùng bái vi các v thn linh.
Các tm bi ký có ghi li vi danh t devaraja t thut ng vit bng
ch Sanskrit d“thần vua”. c
mi quan h ca các v vua thi k này vi các v thn. 

  qun lý
c quc gia mình và cùng vi s ng vào sc mnh ca các v thn
trong vic bo v s bình yên ca quc gia nên các qun dng c

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