Đặc điểm địa hoá trầm tích và môi trường nước của hệ đầm phá Tam Giang- cầu Hai Thừa Thiên- Huế

DAI HOC QUOC
GIA
HA
NOI
TRUONG OAI
HOC
KHOA
HOC
TU NHIEN
LE XUAN
TAI
DAC DIEM
DIA
HOA TRAM
TJCH
VA
MOITRI/ONG NlTOfC
CUA HE DAM PHA TAM
GIANG
-
CAU
HAI
THUfA THIEN
-
HUE
LUAN AN TIEN
SI
NGANH
DIA
CHAT
Nguoi haong ddn

khoa
hoc
GS.TSKH. DANG
TRUNG THUAN
TS.
TRINH
HAN
HA
NOI-2002
MUC
LUC
Trang
L6i
cam doan
Muc
luc
Danh muc cac ky
hieu
va
chfl vifi't tdt
Danh
muc cac bang
Danh muc cac
hinh
ve,
dO
thi
McVd^ii
1
Chitmtg

1:
Lich sir
va
phuimg
phap
nghien cihi
8
1.1. Lich
sir
nghien
ciru h6
d^im
pha 8
1.1.1.
CJiai
doan
tnr(k
nAm 1975 8
1.1.2.
Oiai
doan sau nam 1975 9
1.2.
Glc phuftiig
phap
nghien citu
12
1.2.1.
Phmtng ph^p
khao
s^t

12
1.2.2.
f ac phuomg ph.ip phcin tfch 15
Chwmg
2:
\Y\^\\
klen
dia
ly fii nhien ciia
hf dilm
pha Tarn (Jiang
- Cc^ii Hai
18
2.1.
Ccic di6u kiCn
dia
l^^
ciia ht d<1m
pha Tam Giang -
CAu
Hai 18
2.1.1.
Dia hmh 18
2.1.2.
DacdidmkhfhAu 19
2.2.
Ch6'do
thuy van 24
2.2.1.
Thny

van sAng 24
2.2.2
Ilni
van 25
2.3.
CA'u line
cua ht
diSm
pha Tam Giang -
Cfiu
Hai 27
2.3.1
DecatchAn
28
2.3.2.
Biysau
29
2.3.3.
Virc nirofc
cua
he
d.1m
pha 30
2.3.4. Cac
cira bi^n
33
Chrroitg
3 : f)|a chat
ciia
he dam pha Tam

(viang
-
Cau
Hai 36
3.1.
Dia chA't khu
virc
Hue'
36
3.1.1.
DiatAng
36
3.1.2. Cac
ihanh
tao xAm
nhAp
50
3.1.3.
Kicn tao 51
3.2.
Dae
diem
mOi tnrdng lAng
dong trAm tfch Dc
Tir
53
3.3.
Licli sir hinh thanh
va
pliat triSn

cua he
dclm
pha TG - CH 54
3.4. He
dAm
pha trong thai
gian
hicn nay 55
Chirong4:
Dia
hoa tnim
fich day
ciia
he
diim
pha 60
4.1.
Tlianh
phan
ca
hoc va phAn
bO
trAm tfch day 60
4.1.1.
MOt sokhai
niem 60
4.1.2.
Ilianh pliAn
do hat va cac
loai

trAm tfch 61
4.1.3.
ihanh phAn khoang vAt nhe cua trAm tfch
63
4.1.4. Khoang
vAt
nang trong trAm tfch 63
4.1.5.
Npu^n cungcffp vAt liSu tnim
tfch 65
4.1.6.
PhAn
hrtciia
trAm tfch day 66
4.2.
Dia hoa
tr^m
tfch
d^y
72
4.2.1.
He th6'ng
cac
chl
tieu nghien
ciru
72
4.2.2.
pH cua
trfim

tfch 72
4.2.3.
Eh va cac dang
Fe^\ Fe'^
Mn^'
cua
tr<4m
tfch 74
4.2.4.
Cac
dang
SO/
76
4.2.5.
Cac bon
hfru
ca (Ch/c) 76
4.2.6.
Cac
chA'l
dinh
dirdng
N,
P 79
4.2.7.
Cac kim loai nang
HO
4.3.
Mrti
lien

(juan gifra
trAm tfch va phAn
b6'
d6ng
vAt day
K6
Chirorng
5: Dia hoa
moi trmmg ninVc
cua he
diim
pha
S8
5.1.
He !h6'ng
cac chi tieu nghien
cihi 88
5.2. Nhiet
do vh su
phAn fAng
v6
nhiet
dO
cua
nirtirc
89
5.3.
D6
man va
sir

phAn tAng
ve d6
man cua
nirdc 91
5.4. pH cua
r\ii6c
96
5.5.
D6 due
cua
mrac 97
5.6.
DOcuanmifc
99
5.7. COD cua
nircTTc KH)
5.8.
BOD,
cua
niroc 100
5.9. C ac chA't dinh
dirang
N,
P,
Si
101
5.10. Cac nguyen
tO'
kim loai nang trong
nirac 102

5.1 1.
M6'i lirorng quan
gifra cac
chi
tieu dia hoa
104
5.12.
Sir
bien
dOi m6i trircrng nirdc
do ma cac
cira
bicn ma
vaolhang II
nam
1999
106
5.13.
Lien
he gifra m6i
trirorng nirc'tc vdri sir
phAn
bd
cua
m6t
s6'
sinh vAt day cua he sinh thai dAm pha I
12
5.14.
MAi lien

quan gifra khai
ihac nguAn Igi
vai
sir
bie'n dong
inAi Inrang nirac
I
15
Chuoitg
6 : Van de khai
thac,
sir
dung hop ly tai
nguyen
va
moi
truutig a
he dam pha T(i - CH
dirm goc
do dia hoa
118
6.1.
Quan diem
ve
moi
Inrcrng
ben
virng a
he dAm pha TG - CH I
I

8
6.2. Cac
n.uuyen
uhAn ca ban anh
hirang de^n
moi
Iruoiig 1 19
6.2.1.
Gac
nguyen
nliAn tir
nhien
119
6.2.2. Cac
ngviycn
nhAn sinh
122
6.3.
MAl sA
d^
xuA't v6 mAi
truc^mg vA
phat trien ben \'frng a he dAm
phci
TG -
C\]
tren quan
diCm
Dia hoa
I

26
Ket
hian
va kicn nghi 129
Danh muc cac cong
tiinh ciia
tac gia
131
1:ii
lieu
tham khao 132
/
DAI
IKHMilKHMHA llA
NO!
-
-
-
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SA:
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roNCiiioA
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iioiciiO
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NAM
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lAp
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Tir
do -
llanh pbiic
III)
Noi,
fii^ay
/
flNtni;
S ndni
2002
.•v.
QllVin
DINH
CIIA
(;!AM DOC DAI HOC
(^DOC
(;IA
IIA
N(*)l
V/v:
I
hanh lap
lloi
(long cap nha
nircVc cliAm liiAn
an lien si
{;IAM
DOC DAI HOC QUOC (HA HA NOI
- Can
<tr

N,i:h!
dinh
so OJ/IOOI/ND-CP //ji,v)y 01 thdn\i
02 nam
2001 (un Chifth pin)
ve
Dai hoc
()noi
f^ia;
'
Can
i\(Qu\
< hr'Tf) < Inn
va
llaat (lpn,if
cua Dai hoc
Qnoc \iia
ban hanh
ihco Qnyrt
ih/ih
so
1612001
IQDlls^
nj^av 12
thani^
02
nam 2001
cna
I'hn
t\(on^

(hinh
phu:
- Can
c\'(Qu\rl
dinh so
2l/200l/()l) HCfnc^ni ni^ay 2HI6I200I
cua
Ho nuonv Ifo (lido
(hic
\d
Ddo t(to vc vice
uy
quycu < Ito Cidni
doc
DIIQC <
dp
hdni*
ficn
sJ;
'Thro
(h'
n\^hi
i
ua
(dc
dui;
I
nrdnii
ban Ddo
tao,

I lieu
fnfthti^
tn(dn\i Ihn
IUH
Klioa hot
I'u
nhien,
QiivryiDiNii
Dicu
I:
llianh lAp
lloi dong cAp nha
muic chAm luAn
an lien si
(iia nghien i ihi
sinh
l>e
Xuan Tai.
I
)e
tai.'
'7Wr dient
din hoa (ram tick vd
mdi tnidng ntidc
cua he ddnt
phd
!
tun
(Hang
-

(Mtt
Ilni,
lluia
ihien -
Ilue'\
diuyen
nganh:
Ihach
hoc - Khoang hoc -
Irani
lich
hoc\
Ma so: /. 06,
O.h
Danh
sach ciie
Ihanh vien
eiia
lloi dong
kcni
thco(|uyel dinh nay.
Dicu 2:
Ong I lieu Irirtrng liirang
Dai hoe Khoa hoe
Tir nhiOn en nliieni vw tA ( hire
l>ao ve luAn
an
cAp
nha
lufi'tc Iheo Quy chc

Dao tao san dai hoe hicn hanh
(
na HA
Gi;i(>
due
va Dao tao va
(^ny
dinh lam
Ihoi vd
dao tao sau dai hoe (V Dai hoe
(^iioc
gia
I
la Noi.
Dicu 3: Ciie Aug
dianh
van
pliong,
7Yirong
ban Dao
tao,
I
lieu
lnr('fng Inrong
Dai
hoe Khoa hoe
l\r
nhien,
e;ie
Ihanh vien

Irong
Hoi dAng eAp nha
\\\u'ic ehAiti InAn
an lien
si
ehiu
Diieh nhieni ihi
hanh (|uyel dinh nay.
Nni
nhan:
-l.uu
Vl\
bail Di
(;S.1\^Kir.
Dao Irong Ihi
l)Al{ie|;ACIiaJl0Y.I)6N(;
CAP
NIIA
NDOC
CHAM MIAN
AN
II^.N Sl
(lhcoj(il(3^id|ini.sl%/^^
/
/
& /2nn2criii(Jii'iin(locl)n{;(aiN)
sir
01
02
03

O'l
05
Of)
0/
Ho
vn
Icti
CIS.'IS.
Mai
Trong
NliiiAii
I'CiS.
'IS.
NgiiyOn Kliiic Vinh
IXiS.
TSKII.
nnng
Villi
Hiil
'IS.
I.(i'nii
L;ii
IXIS IS nAHii Vftii'lliMiili
(iS.
IS.
TrniiNglii
I'dS.
IS.
rliJiin Iliiy'nOn
—

("huycn
nganh
Dia
hoa
Dia
hoa
Dia chA't
D(l ti'r
Dia
hoa
Khoang
vAI
TrAm tfch
riAm tkh
Ccr
quan cnng
lac
Dai
hoe
(^»ioe
^\\\
UN
lloi
Dia
eliAl
Vict
Nam
rnrfrng
Dai hoc
Mo-Dia

ehAt
Vien Dja
CWM
rninglAin Kill N<^CNU( 1
'InntMp
DIIKIIIN,
l)ll(;(WIN
TnrfrnpDIIKIHN.
I)II(;(MIN
Itunp IfuM
KIIINc^CN(;(;
1 larli nlil^ni
U\>\\\1
!lr»l (h>MR
(hn
lieh
Than
biCn 1
Phan
biOn
2
Than
biOn }
llurky
I
ly
viOn
Uy virn
lAi
dong

gom 07
Ihanh
vien.
QUYET
NGHI CUA
HOI
DONG
CHAM LUAN AN TIEN SI CAP NHA
NUOC
\i
luSn
an cua
nghiSn ci/u
sinh: Le
XuAn
Tai
De
tai:
Dae di^m
dia hoa
trdm
tfch va m6i
trucmg nirdfc
cua
hd ddm
pha Tam Giang-
CSu
Hai
Thiia Thi^n
Hud'

Chuydn
nganh: Thach hoc, khoang hoc,
Trftm tich
hoc
MaS6:
1.06.03
Ngay
14 Ihang
9 nam 2002,
H6i
dAng
chfl'm luAn
an
cA'p
Nha nirac cbo
luAn
an cua
nghiAn ci/u
sinh LA XuAn Tai da hop tai TnrcVng Dai hoc Khoa Hoc
I ir nhiCn
(lA
chAm
luAn
an noi
trdn.
vSau phAn khai mac,
HOi
dAng da nghe
nghiSn cihi
sinh

trinh bay torn
tAt nOi
dung
luAn
an. Sau khi nghe cac y
kiCn
nhAn
x^t
cua phan
bi6n,
HAi dAng dat cAu hoi va
nghiAn ci/u
sinh tra
lai,
H6i
dong da hop di ra quyet nghi
danh gia
luAn
an vai
nhiJng di^m
sau dAy:
1.
LuAn an cua
nghiAn curu
sinh LA XuAnTai
dirac
xAy
dirng
tren ca sa
m6t

khAi
li/ong tu liAu
phong phu va da dang
vA
dia chAt, trAm tfch, dia hoa,
Vt^
mAi
triromg.
2.
NghiAn ciru
sinh da
sir
mAt
hA phuong
phap d6ng
b6,
hop ly,
hiAn
etai va
CO
dA tin cAy cao
dA sU
ly nguAn tai
liAu
phong phu noi trAn.
3.
LuAn an c6 y
nghia
khoa hoc va gia tri
thiTc

tiln,
gop phAn hoan tbicn
phirang
phap
hiAn vh
cac
phiro^ig
phap nghiAn
ciru hA
dAm pha ven ba.
dAng thai gop phAn tfch
circ
lam phong
phii
hA thong tai
lieu nhAin
phat
trien
ngafih
dia hoa trAm tfch a ViAt Nam. Ket qua cua
luAn
an
c6
tbA'
lam
ca sa cbo cAng tac dinh
birong
khai thac hop ly tai nguyen,
hao
vA mAi

frirang \'a
phat
tiAn
bAn
vfrng
he dAm pha Tam Giang - CAu Hai
cQng nhir
cdc
hA
dAn
pha khac c6
diAu
kiAn
tu
nhiAn
lycmg (u
a Viet Nam.
4.
LuAn an
c6 nhi7ng
diAm mai sau dAy: a. Phat hicn dac diem dia boa
tffitn
tfch, qui
hiAt
bien dAi mAi frirang nirac theo khong gian va thai gian cna
hA dAm pha Tam Giang - CAu Hai. b. Phat hiAn bA sung va giai
thich
hien
tirgng
phAn

t^ng
ngi/ac
vA nhiAt do , dA man cua hA dAm pha. c. Phat hien
6 nhiAm d6ng trong
wtim
tfch day. d. Xac
lAp dirac sir
bien dAng moi
tn/omg nuofc
cua hA
d^m
pha do ma thAm 3
cira
biAn
m6i
vao thang
1
1/1999
va da churng minh tfnh tfch
cue
cua
sir
bien dAng do.
5. LuAn an cua nghiAn curu sinh LA XuAn Tai c6 chat
luong
cao, khAng trung
lap
vcfi nhung
cAng trinh da cAng bA' a trong va ngoai nirac. Tom
tiit

cua
lu$n
an phan anh
ddng
nAi dung cua
luAn
an. LuAn an trinh bay
dep,
dap
irng
du yAu
cAu
dAi
vofi luAn
an TiAn sT theo quy dinh hiAn hanh. CAng
trinh nghiAn
cuu
cua nghiAn
ciru
sinh LA
XuSn
Tai
xihig
dang la
mAl luAn
an TiAn sT Dia chA't hoc
v^
nghiAn
ciru
sinh

xung
dang
dirac
nhAn hoc vj
TiAn sT.
SA
thanh viAn HAi dAng
nh^t tri
quyA't
nghi:
7/7 danh gia
luAn ^n
thuAc loai
xufft
sAc.
HAi dAng nhAt trf kfnh dA nghj Dai hoc QuAc gia Ha NAi cAp
bAng 1
iAn sT cbo
nghiAn
cihi
sinh LA XuAn Thi.
Ngay 14 thang
9
nam 2002
Chii
tich HAi dAng
GS.TS Mai Trong NhuAn
IJAN
NHAN XET LUAN AN TIEN SI
Ve dc (ai:

f)ac
diAm dia hoa Irani tfch va moi
Iruong
IUKVC
cua
he dfini
pha
Tati
Giang-
Cfiu I
lai-
Thira Thien
Hue.
Chuven
nuanh:
Thach hoc, Khoang hoc, Tram tfch hoc.
Ma so:
1.06.03
Nt^hicn cuii
sinh: Le Xuan Tai
Phan bien 1
PGS.TS NguyAn
KliAc
Vinh
Vien Dia
elial
va Moi
liiroiig
lloi
Dia

ehal Vicl Nam
0
NOI DUNG NHAN
XLT
\. Hon
50
nam qua nganh dia chat Viet Nam da
dai nhiAu
thanh
cjua
trong
nghien
ci'ru
lap ban 66 dia
chat,
phat hicn
llm
kiem
thain do
khoang san
v.v nhAm
lam sang
l6
can
true
dia chat Vicl
Nam,
danh gia lai nguyen khoang
san phuc
vii

eho cong cuoc xay dung va phat trien
kiiih
te cua
chit
nuoc.
iKMig
nhfrng
nam gan dAy cong lac
nghien ciTu
dicu tra dia ehal da
ehii
y
6c\\
nliieu
chuyAn dA khac nhau
lien
c|uan
den vice
khai
ihac sir
dung
liop
ly va
b;'io
ve tai
nguyen thien nhien va
i)liat
trien bAn
Nfrng.
Vice

nghien
ciru
dia hoa
liam
tfch va moi truo'ng
inioe
he
dani
i"»ha
Tain
Giang- Cau Hai
-Thira
Thien
Hue
la
vice
lam cap
ihiel
mang
ifnh ihoi su iihani
phuc
vii irirc
ticp cho
phal
trien
kiiih
le cua
TIn'ra
Thien i
lue

va bao \e moi
Iruonu
dc phal trien bAn vung.
2.
IhKVng
nghien
euu
dia hoa train
Ifeh n()i
ehiiiij:
\a dia
ho;!
tiaiii li'eh
he
cliim j)hri
n(')i rieng la hu'ong nghien
eiiu nuyi Irong
nganh (Ma chat Viet Nam.
I
h;ip
niAn 80 cua the ky
trirac
moi bat
daii
c6 mot so cong
Irinh
nghien
eiin
ve van dc
nay,

sau do
10
nam da co gan
10
cong
Irinh
nghien
eiVii
dac
dieMii
dia hoa Irani
tfch \'a eae van dA lien
ciiian a
he
dam
pha
1'am
Giang-
CYiii
Mai.
'i^iiy
nhien
clitfa
CO
cong
liinh nghien euii
nao di san phan tfeh eae
ehi
lieu dia hoa moi
trnong

nhu*
nhiet do,
pib do
man, do due
v,v
va hanh \i eae
nenven
lo'theo
3 Ifum
san khac
nhau den
L5)n.
Dieu do elning
lo
de lai eua NCS khong
Irimg
lap so
va'i eae eong
trinh da cong bo
a
trong va ngoai nuoc.
3.
Miie
dfch ehfnh cua luan an la xae lap dae diem dia hoa tram
IK
li
day va
dfie
diem dia hoa moi
liirong

eua he dam phii de
phiie
vn eho \iee
su'ching
hop
jy
lai
nguyen ihien
nhien
li'ong
\'ung va phat
tiieii
ben
vfing
he
dam
pha
'lani
Gians'-
CAu
llai.
Noi (lung eua luan an da tap
\\[\n[:
di sau phan
li'eh
eae van de dia
Ima li;ini
Ifeh; moi
tiu'ong luioc
the hien

o
eae
eluRvng
4.^,6.
1cn ci'ia
de lai da
ph;Mi ;inh
ro
e;ie
noi dung ehfnh
eiia
luan
;in \;i
phu
Imp
\a'\
ehuNXMi mianh ihaeli
hoe,
klio;iiu:
\al.
tiani tieli
hoc . ma so'
I.Ofi.OV
.
.
-
•
i_
.
4.

Nghien
ei'm
sinh da
su"
dung he
pluKvng
phap
i)i:lnen ((in rhii\en
san
\e
liam tfeii vh
moi
Iruoim
nuoe
lo"
de
ihuc
hien de
lai.
the hien
]n
MM
niaiiu
IH'M
diem
kh;io
s;it
ho'p
ly, khao sal
o'eae

tlio'i
gian
ihi'eli
hop
de
xae dinh
sir bien
(\n\]ji
moi
tru'oim
theo ehe
66 liieu
va
Iheo
mua,
dun*:
phuo'm:
hen
lhu\en
ma\
((')
c;ic
1
liang
thiA't bi lot cho nghien euu va lay
niAu.
Cac loai man tram
ifch
day
\a

man
nirac
dugc lAy
du dai dicn cho he
dfim
pha va
diroe
phan
ifeh
bang eae
phuciig
phap hoa ly hien dai c6
a
Irong
\n\ac.
Khi
xir
ly so lieu NCS da dung eae
[ihiioiig
piiap
tong hap phAn tfch danh gia loan hoc
v.v
de' rut ra eae ket luan du
do
tin
cAy.
5.
Kcl
(|ua
nghien ciru

cua de lai la da xae lap
duoe
lich
sir hinh
thanh he
di1m pha Tam Gang- CAu Hai, quy
lual
bicn dAi cac
ehi
tieu moi
Iru'ong
nuoe
theo
llio'i
gian va khong gian, dong thai phat hien
c6 A
nhiAm
iiguyAn
to
C^i
Irong
trAm tfch day eua he dfim pha. Nhfrng ket qua nay ro rang eo y
ngliTa liong \
ice
phat
triCn chuycn
nganh
liam Ifeh a
nuoc la va
phne

vu
line liep
eho san
\n;il
khai thac hop ly tai nguyen cua he dfim pha.
Tuy nhien khi nghien
eiiu
dia hoa
Irfim Ifeh
va dia hoa moi
linong
nncVe
cAn phan
ifch
va lam sang to hon lac dong
lucyng
ho va su phu thuoe (|ua lai
ei'ia
cac yen to dia boa gifra cac moi
liuang
nay.
6.
lh\\]
luan an co kcl can chat ehe,
hinh thiie liinh
bay dep, \an phong
sang sua. Noi dung cua luan an da du'oc
cAng
bo
cV iren c{\c

tap ehf khoa hoe
hvn
e(3 uy
Ifn
a Viet Nam
nhir Taj)
chf Dia chat, Tap ehf
ciie
khoa hoe
liiii
dai,
Taj)
ehf Dai hoe
1
lue v.v
Ket luan
cliiint;:
DA tai nghien
euu
cua NCS co
ifnh ihoi sir
cap
ihict,
co y nghia khoa hoe
dong gop vao phap
Irien
chuven nganh dia hoa
liam lieh
Viet Nam. NCS da
sir

dung cac
phiRyng |")hap
lien lien de nghiAn
euu dC
tai. Kcl (]ua nghien euu
sc
phuc
vu tot cho
vice
khai
ihae sir
dung hop ly lai
nguyen
eua he dam
pli;i
\'a bao ve
mAl Iruong
Ban
luan
an dap ling dau du cac yen can eua
luan
an TS theo (|uy dinh eua
Nha nu'oc.
Ban
loin
tat luan an phu hop
\6i
noi dung ehfnh eua luan an. Dc nghi cap
CO
iham

(|u_\'en
eho NCS duoe
biio
ve luan an eua
minh de
gianh
hoc-
\'i TS.
y^.:n^r7^^i^
r^fy^^yOfJ.'^^^
//'•/ A(>A ngiiyU llnUio H nnni
2002
d
^4^
h^
^ ^
Ky ten
P(JS.
IS
,\mi \ en Khnc I
////;
r>AN
NHAN
XF/r
LUAN AN
TIKN Sl
Vc do
lai
Chi/yrn nf^nnh
Md

sd:
])AC niKM niA HOA
IKAM
rim
VA
INIOI
JUlK^NC NUdc CIJA
III:
DAM
IMIA
TAM
(ilANC-
CA\J
MAI
THUA 'I^HIKN
11111"!
TMAc^ii HOC
-
KiK)AN(;
HOC
-
rir\i\i ricn
HOC
i.on.oa
N oh ICO
cd'u.
sinh.:
LK
XUAN TAI
P/idn

hirn 2
(;S,
TSKII.
DANO ^
AN
IIA T
'rHU'ON(;
DAI
HOC INin
DIA CHA
I'
1 lA
d;1m
pha Tam Giang - CAu
llai
la
lagiin dieii hinh liong hO ihong
lagnn
V(MI
l^o'
o Viet Nam.
Cae
hien
luong
dia ehal gan lien
\'oi
su'
lien
ho;»
ciia

he dam pha dien ra kha
pluie
lap va da dang, anh
hu('»ng line
liep
i\c\]
sir
khai
lh;ie,
(|uv hoaeh va phal trien kinb le
lanh lho.\^'li
dien
t\<\\
?
I''i
km',
he dam
ph;i
nav
e(')
y nghia
hVn ckn
voi
sir ph;tl liirii kinli \r <
M.)
linh Ihua
Thirii
line,
lie
dAm

jiba
Tam
Diang
- CAu Mai da
ihn hnl ar
(|iian
lam
nghien
eiiu
cna nhien nha khoa
hoc lien
e;ic linh vue khae nhau. Song,
ph;'ii
llura
nhan rang vice nghien euu chuycn
sAu
ve dae diem dia ho;i
liani
Ifeh
va moi
liUong nu'fye ehira
duoe lien hanh nhien. Luan
;iii
eua f J( *S I r XuAn
Tai
6^\
g(')p
phan lam sang
In
van

60
nav, xae
dmh <liro'e
nhuiii;
(l;ic
dirm dia
he»a li;1m Ifeh
6.\\\
dia hoa moi
Iiirong
mr(Vc eua he dam
pli
i
Moni:
su (hi
phoi eua
eiie
dieu kien
lir
nhien.
VAn
6c
lAI
thai
sir
eua luan
m
la
\;ie
lap

duoe
sir bien
dong moi Iruong
lurc've
eua he dam
p\M\
do
mo Ihem 3 i
ua
birn
nu'vi ifr
ngay 03/1
l/l*)99
den na)'. Khong eon nghi
ngo gl
mra. luan
;hi
eo y
nghia khoa hoe \'a
Ihu'e
lien, gop
|ih;1n
eho cong
liie
(huh
huoim khai lli;ic
hop ly
l.Vi
ngu)'en \'a
b;io

\'c moi
liuong
ben vfrng eua he dam
ph.'i.
Luan an
cow
[\op
phan
xa)'
dung he
Ihong
lai lieu,
lir
lieu khoa hoe
\a plin'ong
phap
luan nghien
eiVu
\'e
moi
doi
luong lal
d;'uig
c|uan (am
c
ua
c .'n
nha khoa hoe
dia ehal.
dia

ly
liAn ihe
gi('>i.
D(') la he
ihong
lagnn
\'en
bo.
V6\
\\ |)h;il liiAn
hien nay, nganh khoa hoe ve lagnn ehae
eh;in
sc e(') mot
\'i In nhal
dinh
lioim
he Ihong
e;ie
khoa
hoc-
dia ehal.
dia
ly.
DA lai
ciia
luan an khong
liimg
lap voi eae cong
lilnh luan
an da

cong bA
6
liong va ngoai nuVve. NAi dung eha luan an di san
vao
nghien
< iiu
IrAm
Ifeh day va moi
liUong nUo'e
voi eae dae diem
dia
ho.i
eo
ban
t
ua hA
diim
pha Tam Giang - CAu I
lai
la phu hop voi de
lai
ma
luAn
-ui.
diing v(Vi
chuyAn nganh Thach hoc - Khoang thach -
TiAm lieh
hoe mang ma so
1.06.03.
LuAn an da

siV
dung 104
lai
lieu Iham khao bang
liem.i
VieL
lieng
Anh,
lieng Nga. Cac trfch
clAn liung
llnrc,
ro rang,
die hien
linh nghiem
liie
cua NCS.
Luan an duoe xay dung
lien
eo"
so
lai lien eua ehfnh
b.ui
(ban
l/ie
gia
true liep
ihu
ihap.
khao sal
I.S

dol
l;n
4,'^vi
lii ciiian
hrie.
dae
biel
l;ie
gi;i
da
true liep
kh.io
sal
A
dot sau khi
mcV
eua bien Hoa Duan
lir lh;ing
1
l/L*99
6c\\ hie eua bien nay bi lap lai vao
ihang
S/20()().
Luan
.in
cow
sh
dung kcl
qua
n.uhien

eiVu
eua dc lai
Irong
diem cap Nha
luit'ye,
e;ie e(">ng
liinh
nghien
cfru
dia
ehAI
vA
drim
pha Tam
Cliang
- CAu
llai,
long hop
kel
(|ii.i
jibAn li'di
eua
gfm Si)()
man
liAm
Ifeh day.
b7() niAu nn('ic
va hang
ngaii so
lieu do moi

Iruong
nu()e
lai hicn
liUong.
Ngoai ra,
luan ;in
cnw
sir
dung ho
phiiong
ph;ip
nghien
efrii
hop ly,
lir
nhfrng
phirong
phap nghien
eii'u
ngoai
Ihii'
dia,
bo trf
mang
lu'tVi Ihfeh
hop
Iheo
1 1
mal eal
voi 45 diAm

c]iian
liae,
6c\)
i-:\c
pluiong
ph.ip nghien
efru
Irong
|")hong nhu
phan
lieh
Ihanh phan
h.U,
ihanh phan
khoang
N'AL
C]uang pho dinh luong
;',an di'ing
loan phan. e;i( bon
hiiii (
o-,
CAC
chl
lieu dia ho;i. x;ie dinh ham
liKViig
kim
h^ai.
\'.v
Tai
ca dien

6n
da d.un
b;io
eho 6o tin eay eua eae kel
luAn
ma luan
;ui
dua
la.
Thanh cong (|uan liong cua
luAn
an vao vice nghien
eiin
h-;
d;1m
pha
Tam Giang - Can
llai.
Iheo
tjuan
diem eua nguoi nhan
xf-l.
la
N('S
da
nghien
c ihi
ehi
liel
dae diem dia hoa

liam Ifeh
d.iy
\'a (l;ie diem (ha
ho;i
mi>i
truo'ng
nucVe
cua he dam ph;i Tam
<^''iang
- Can Mai. Day
euii"
la
nhihig
(long g('>p ena cong
lilnh
nay
\'ao
vice nghien euu
e;ie
dicu kicn
In nhi<'n ( iia
he drim pha ven bien Vicl Nam.
D.ie
diem dia hoii
dnot
NCS
ludiifn ( fm
tren tac
khia
eanh: 60

LI
1, Lh va e;ie
dan».'
be' , Le
,
Mn . ham hrong
vSO,,'
,
e.'iebon
hfiu
eo,
eac"
ehal dinh
duong
N. L
\a
c:\c
kim lo.ii
n;ni<.'
()
day, bang e;ie kel
(|ii;i
nghien efru eua
mhih,
la(^
ria
da
X.H
dinli
duo-

bam
lu'ong
d(">n;:.
Ii iing
binh
iMHig liam (ieh
6Ay
cna Io;ni bd he
(';im
phi'i
la
b,5*)H.
I
0
'/'
va so
*;anh
b.'nn
liio'ng
d^n^
\(Y\
\\r\\
c ImAn
moi
11
IK
a • Ii.im lich
eua (
"anatia cho
lli.U"

ham
luong
doii'.'
I
rung
bnih 11
onj:
10,111
b'
^ b
d.'im
pi
1:1
vuol nuie uicvi
ban
(> nhicm
\ua; bam luong
doim o
(an
llai
\a
Lim
C,ianr.
da vuol
nure
A nhiAm nang, trong do dac biel a dAm CAu
llai gAji hai Ian
gii'ti
ban A nbiem nang. DAy la nhung
sA

lieu dang
cpiy
ma lac gia luan an
da
Ifnh
loan
diroc.
Doi voi dia boa moi
lin'ong
niKVc.
lac
gi,»
d.>
ihii
duoe he
thong so lieu kha dAng bA
IrAn LS90
vi trf khao sal,
1
1.340
kd
c|ua
do dae
true liep eae chi lieu mAi
trUong
eung voi hang tram man ph.m
lich.
Do
la
nhung

lai licMi
nguyen thuy
rA'l ilang
dirac IrAn Irong ma NCS da
line
liep
khao sal, Iham gia llnrc hien Irong cac
dir
an hop lac
(^uoe
le Viet
-
Phap.
Tir
nhfrng nguon lai lien
66.
lac
gia da ebon
he
Ihong
cie ehi lieu
hop ly de
nghiAn euu dia hoa mAi
trirang niKie
eua
he
dAm
|iha.
Vice
|ibal

hien ra hien
hrong phan tang
ngUoc
vA
nhiel
66 6 phfa TAy Nam dam
(/an
llai
t ua
N(^S
cfmg la
moi
phal hien ly thu, cAn liep tuc
duoe
nghiAn euu. Tac gia
ci)n}\
da
cA'gAng gi;ii Ibieh nguyAn
nhAn phAn
lAng ngUoe
ve do man
t
na he dam pha
Tam (Jiang -
C\Au
llai.
DAy la hien
lirong
da
chiov

mot so nba
nghien (lin
nhAc lai (Nguyen Chu Hoi, TrAn Due Thanh
va
n.n.k,
I99S).
\.\c gi;"i
eho
rAng:
"Hien
tuong
phAn
Ifing ngnae
phu
ihuoe
vao nhien
\(
n to.
nbu'ng
Irong
66 yen
lA liao
dAi
niKve cjua
eua
Tir
Mien, eua
Thiian
An.
dia hinh (

na
drim Thuy
Tfi
(doan Ma
Tiung),
dae diem dong
cb;'iv
trong
pb;i
la nhung
yell
to
(|n\'el
dinh"
(tiang
95). Dieu ly giai
66^
c
<'>
tc la hop ly.
Nhir
da
biel,
Iran
Ifi hit
lieh
sir
nam
1999
da

hit d(')iig
m,uih
6c\\
moi
trirang eua he dAm
|")ba.
LuAn an
c
I'la
NCS LA Xuan Lai da
c
ap nhal
duoe
vAn de Ihoi
sir
nay, da nghien efru
6\\iic
sir
bien doi
mtu
Iruong mr<V do
(^ie
ciVa
bien
m<u mcV
vao thang
I
1/1999. Tac
gi;\
da

ihiel
lap
dnM(
m('>i
luono
(]uan
gifia
e.ie ehi lieu moi
liUong nu"(ie liu"(Ve
va sau khi mo
< ac (
na
bicn.
Moi luong
(luan
nay ehae ehan se anh hirang
bii sir
bicn
doi (
na be
*
inh
thai,
lai nguyAn
ibiAn
nhien va vice khai
Ihae
nguon
loi
cua he

d.im
|ih;i.
Tom lai, luan an eua NCvS LA Xuan
T;ii
da lam
s;ing
lo
dude
dac diem
dia
ho;i
eua
liam
Ifeh day va moi Inrang
nU(')C
eua he dam ph;i lam
(iiang
-
Criu
Mai.
Tien
eo"
so*
66,
da phAn Ifeh duoe eae ngu\'cn nh.m
co
b;m anh
bu'tViig
6c\]
moi liUong

va de
xual
eae
gi;n
ph.ip
li;io
vc
moi
tinong,
ph.il
trien ben vfrng
lien
c|nan diem dia boa. NgUo'i doe dong
riiib
^M|
(|nan
dicin
cua
l;ie
gi.'i
eho rang vA'n dA
b;)o
\'e
moi
liu'o'ng
va phal
liicn In
\ung
ph.'ii
luan

Ihu
nhung
c|uy
lual kh;ieh
c|iian
ena
lir
nhien.
loi
dung,
nhung
(|u\'
lual
66 de phuc vu eho \'iee
phal liicii
ben vfrng;
klioim ncii c
boii;'
li.c
6n\
dan
lai nhung quy
liial
66.
T\\\
vAy,
\'oi
licu
6c
(iia

luan an: "I
).i'
dicni di;i hf>;i
bam
lieh
\'a
\u6\
Iruong nuoe eua be dam
ph;i
Tam
(iiaiig
(
.MI
II.M
lima
TliiAn
HiiA
",
miic
tieu cua
luAn
an
nen
dirac xae dinh mot each ngAn gon
l«i
nghiAn efru dac diAm dia hoa trAm tfch day va mAi trirang nuoe cua he dAm
pha gop phAn lam sang to nhfrng hien
tirgng tir
nhien da va dang xay
la

a
khu
virc.
VA'n dA lich
sir hinh
thanh va phat trien cua he dAm pha la mot vA'n
dA phfrc tap. Nhfrng nAi dung nay
d«a
dA cAp
6en
trong
In
An an
chi
la
iiAii
dia
chAt phuc
VII
cho
viee
nghien
ciru
dia hoa,
chira
du ca sa thuyAt phuc dA
dira
thanh muc tiAu cua
luAn
an. Han nfrn,

vA'n
dA lich
sir hinh
thanh \'a phat
tiien
cua dAm pha gAn
v6i
dac diAm dia hoa
chira
thiie
sir
chat ehe va an khop.
LuAn an dA cAp
den
cac dac diAm dia hoa vai cac ket qua phAn tfeh ehfnh
xac
(icn
phAn tram,
phfin
nghln.
VI
vAy, van dA dat ra la do tin cay cua cac
kef qua phAn tfch nay. Trong luan an
cfin
chi
ro dia chi phAn Ifeh mAu.
Nhln chimg IiiAn
an cua NCS LA XuAn Tai eo noi dung kha [ihong
phu vA dia hoa trAm tfch day va mAi frirang
lurae

eua he dAm pha Tam
Giang - CAu Hai. CAu true cua
luAn
an hgp ly. Tuy vay, dA cAn doi cac
chirtrng
Irong
luAn
an, co
thA'
ghep
chirang
1
vai
chiKrng
II. Luan an duoe in
An dep,
hinh
ve, biAu bang, anh
chiip
dirge trinh bay
lAt
cAn than. NAi dung
cua
luAn
an dirge NCS cAng bA trAn 3 bai bao dang a
Ta|i
ehf
e:»e
Khoa hoc
vA Trai dA'f va Tap chf Dia chAt - nhfrng Tap ehf co uy tfn Ion liong nganh,

trong mrac va ngoai nirac. Ngoai ra, tac gia eon
cAng
bo 2 bai bao tren
fhAng lin khoa hoc
vh
Tap chf Dai hoc Hue, Iham gia
01
bao cao
lai
Moi
Ihao
Hoa
DiiAn
thang
4/2001.
Cac cAng bo tren co y
iighTa
khoa hoe va
Ihue
tiAn, gop phAn vao viec nghiAn
cim
mAi
triiang
cua he dfim pha Tam Giang -
Ck\
Hai.
Tom lai,
luAn
an cua NCS Le XuAn Tai la mot
luAn

an eo chat hrgng
tot. dap frng yAu cau doi vai mot luan an Tien sT dia ehal ca ve noi dung Ian
hinh
Ihfrc
Iheo dieu 20 Quy ehe dao tao sau
Dcai
hoe cua Bo Giao due \a
Dao tao. Tac gia luan an xfrng dang nhAn hoc vj nay.
Ran torn
lAI
luan an phan anh trung thanh noi dung cua luan an.
Tiui(iN(;DAi
nor MO DIA CHAT
Xac nhan
chft
ky hen
cua
GS,
rSKlL
Dang Van
Beit
-
can ho
gUTU^^r
cua
Tna/ng
\.,4ii^r ^
^/•^/r<-'M-:
i*i''^
/1

UG
•p
•:
^
y/r.'//y:
/•/a
NCn.
n^ay
20
th<iui>
S
nam
200'^
NtJUdi
VIET
NllAN
XK
I
(iS.rSKH
Dnno
Van
Hnf
NHAN XET
BAN THAO LUAN AN TIEN SY
De tai: Dac diem
dja
hoa tram
ticli
va moi
truang

nuoc
ciia
he
dam
pha
Taiii Giang-Cau
Hai, Thua Thien -
Hue
ChuyAn nganh: Thach hoc-Khoang
hoc-Trfim
tfeh hoc
Ma
so:
1-06-03
Cua NghiAn euu sinh LA Xuan Tai
1.
De
ii\\
luan an va ma so
chuyen
nganh
Nirae
la, vai
chiAu
dai ba bicn gAn 3 000 km co
rA't nliiAu
dAm pha vai
ipii
mo va diAn tfch rAt khac nhau. He dAm pha Tam Giang-CAu
llai

la mot trong
nhfrng hA dam pha co dicn tfch Ian
nliA't
(gAn 220 km2) va la
lagun
diAn
hinh
Irong hA
ihAng
lagun ven
bet
cna ViAt Nam. Vai hA sinh thai dAm pha rAt dac
Irirng,
gAn
liAii
vai mot cong dong dAn
cir
dong
due
cua gAn 300
lang
thuAc
eae
luiycn Qiu'uig
DiAn,
Ihrcrng
Tra,
Phfi
Vang,
Phfi

Loc, be dfim pha
'lam
Giang —CAu Hai dong mot vai fro khAng nho trong qua Irinh phal
IriAn
kinb
lA
— xa hoi
chTic
chan khong phai
chi liAng
doi vai Thira
IbiAn-HuA.
Nghien
ciru he
dfim pha trong moi
tirang
tac da dang va
plifie
tap gifra bicn
va lue dja la van dA rA't ly
thii
vA mat khoa hoc, dong thai co y nghia Ihiel
thire
trong vice khai thac va
sir diing
hgp ly tai nguyAn thien nhiAn va bao ve
moi
tiuang.
VI
vAy co the noi de tai da

ebon
dung hirang,
vira c6)
y
nglna
khoa hoc va
Ihili
cap thiet
Irong thire
tiAn
eiia
chuyAn nganh
ihaeh
hoc-
khoang hoe va tram Ifeh hoe
vira
mang tfnh xa hoi-nhan
\'an vira
mang Ifnh
irng
dung cao Irong bao vc moi trirang va phat trien ben vung. DA lai luan an
phu hgp vai ma so cua chuyen nganh.
2.
Van de
Iriing
lap
ciia
de lai luan an, ket qua nghien
euu
va ket luan

(ho den nay da eo mot so cong trinh khoa hoc nghien efru vc
he
dfim pha
lam (Jiang (Tin Mai, ke ea mot so cong trinh hgp
\nc
v6i\
nirac
ng(^ai
nhu: Vo
Van Dal va
luik,
1982;
Nguyen
Mfm
Cir,
1993;
1996;
NguyAn Dfre
C\rc^NguyAn
Ihi
PluK^ng
Hoa,
199."),
NguyAn Chu Moi va nnk,
1996;
NguyAn
Van Hgp, 1999, va
dir
an nghiAn
ciru

dfim pha Viet
—Phap
v.v Tuy nhiAn
nhfrng nghien
eirii
vA eae
cpia
trinh dia ehal, dia hoa
liAni
Ifch day
ba\
\'A
dia
boa mAi tnrang nirac cua he
d^m
pha nay
thl
con ft va chira sau. De tai hum
an vai nhfrng muc
liAu
cu thA
nhir
(i)
lAp
lai lich su
blnh
thanh cua he drim
pha,(ii) xac
lAp
dac diAm trAm tfch cua he dfim pha va (iii) xac lap dae diem

dia hoa moi Inrang
nuac
cua he dAm pha trong su chi phoi
ciia
cac dicu kien
lir
nhiAn, la mot
hirArng
di mori, cu the ban, sAu ban vA mat dia chat kel hgp
nhuAn nhuvAn vai nhfrng nghiAn curu vA moi
truofng vl
vAy khong tiling
laj^
vai cac cong
Irlnh
da
dirge
cAng bo
tij truac
den nay.
3. Dong gop
eiia luan
an cho
ITnh vire
khoa hoc chuyen nganh
LuAn an gom 6 clurang, phAn ma dAu va ket
luan,
trong do nAi dung ehfnh
dirge Irlnh bay a clurang 3, clurang 4, chirang
5

va
chirofng
6.
VA dia boa
tiAm ifch
day cua he dAm pha Tam
Giang-Cfiu
Hai: lac gia da dA
cAp
(lA'n
dAy du cac yen to ca ly, thanh
phfin
khoang vat, dac diem dia boa,
thanh phAn hfru ca va cac chA't dinh dirang cua lap IrAm tfch hiAn dai Irong he
dAm
phfi
de
cpia (h)
eo dirge nhfrng nhan dinh vA
ngiion eiing
cap
vai
lien
IrAm Ifeh
efing nhir
xae dinh dirge diAu
kiAti
moi Inrang cung
nhu
moi

liAn
(|uan gifra IrAm Ifeh va
sir
phAn bA' cna
he
dong thire vAt day. Day ha mot
trong nhung kcl c|ua
c]iian
trong
ci'ia liian
an, gop phfin vao vice nghiAn efm
dia chAt moi Inrang he dfim pha noi cluing va dfim pha Tam
(Liiang
— CAu
hai noi riAng.
Dia hoa moi tnrang nirac cua hA dAm pha, vai cac
chi
liAu nghien
eiin
gom
nhiAt do, dA man, do due, cac
chi
so sinh hoa, chat dinh dirang va eae
nguyAn
to
kim loai nang,
dirge
danh gia kha chi tict. Dac biet vai kel
cpia
nghiAn

efru sir
bien doi moi tnrang nirac, su bien dong cua he sinh thai
a
he
dfim pha do cac
cira
bien mai ma sau Iran
lut
lich
sir
thang
1 1
nam
1999,
la
mot
(long
gop cua nhung
ngiiai
lam cong tac khoa hoc cho cac nha hoaeh
dinh ehfnh sach a dia phuang trong cong viec bao ve moi tnrang, bao ve va
din
gifr lai nguyAn
ihiAn
nhiAn
a
khu
vuc
nay.
LuAn an dirge xAy dung trAn ca sa mot kho'i

lirgng
lai lieu kha
Ian
trong
khiiAn
kho hop lac nghien efru he dfim pha vai Cong Moa Phap. Vai
nhfuig
kAl
(|na da
dai
dirge vA dac diem dia hoa moi tnrang tram tfch day, la moi
Inrang
kluV
yen, co
chA
do dinh dirang kha cao va gfin
nhir
chira co bicn hien
A nhicm kim loai nang, ngoai
Irir
nguyen
to
dong, cfmg nhu nhfrng ket
qn;i
trong nghien efru eae yen
to
thuy dia boa moi tnrang cua
he
dfim pha trong
moi

lirirng
tac gifra hai nguon nirac bicn va
nirae
ngot, gifra bien
\a da'l
liAn,
va ket qua vA hicn trang moi tnrang nirae
a
dAy la nhfrng thanh
luii
dfiu
lien,
kha ehi tict vA
Hnli vire
nay, gop phfin lam sang to qui
lual
bien doi eua moi
Inrang mrac
theo
khong gian va thai
gian.
Qua nhfrng kel qua quan
tnlc
eua
minh
tac gia
ci1ng
da nhAn
tliAy
rAng:

nha co cac
ct^ra
biAn mai dirge ma ra,
hrgng mrac biAn vao dAm pha tang
len,
do
vAy
tao
plui
du trong loan he dfim
pha fang
lAn,
dong vat
phi:i
du tang
lAn,
dong
vAt
day phat IriAn ca vA thanh
phAn loai va mAt do. DAy la nhung ket qua rat dang ghi nhAn, se gop phfin
tig
gifip
cho nhfrng chuang
trinh,
du an
dfiu
tu phat triAn hgp ly moi tnrang dfim
pha ven biAn noi chung va dAm pha Tam Giang — CAu Hai noi riAng, gop
phAn
sir dimg

hgp ly va bao vA hA sinh thai cua dAm pha, bao vc moi
tnrang.
Vice Xck
lap lich
sir
lilnh thanh he dam pha Tam Giang-Cfiu Hai gfm liAn vai
lieh
sir hinh
thanh cua dong
bAng TliiJa TliiAn
-Hue gom 3 giai doan
tir
PIcistocen thugiig
den bet Holocen cfmg la mot trong nhung ket qua mai va
CO
y
ngliTa
cua luan an. VA
ITnh virc
nay cho den nay chi mai co nhfrng cong
bo cua NguyAn Hfru
Cir
trAn ca sa nhung nghiAn
ciru
vA
Foraminifcia
a dfim
(Yin
llai.
ViAc manh dan dua ra

nhfuig
quan diem, nhfrng giai phap vA van dA khai
Ihac,
sir
dung hgp ly lai nguyAn va moi tnrang
a
he dAm pha Tam
Giang-CYiu
llai
IrAn ca sa nghiAn
ciru,
danh gia nhfrng nguyAn nhan ca ban anh
hir(Vng
dAn mAi Inrang va sau khi da co nhfrng
kA't
qua nghiAn efru vA dia chA't, dia
hoa mAi tnrang nirac, mAi tnrang
irfim
Ifch day he dfim pha cfmg la mot
ihanh
cAiig ciia luAn
an, du rang mai
ehi dirng
lai a nhung dA
xiiAl
mang tfnh
chuyAn nganh.
4.
Ve eae cong
tiinh

da cong
bo
Tac
gi;i
da cong
bo
7 cong trinh trAn cac tap chf chuyAn nganh, trong
dc) ec)
2 cAng trinh dang IrAn tap chf Khoa hoc cua Dai hoc
Ihie,
eon lai la dang
trAn tap chf Cac khoa hoc vA
Irai
dat va tap chf Dia chat, la nhung lap chf dfiu
nganh
eiia
ca mrac. NAi dung cac bai bao da phan anh dung nhung ket qua
nghien
efru ma lac gia da cung cac dAng nghicp
lliirc
hicn va Ihu dirge Irong
c|iia
Irlnh lam InAn an va tham gia trong
dir
an nghiAn
efru
hA dfim pha ViAt-
I^hap.
5. Nhung
nil

diem
\i\
nhung
fhieii
sot ciia luan an
LuAn van bo cue chat ehe, co tfnh khoa hoc, van phong mach lac, blnh anh
minh boa ro rang. Cac ket luan dfiy
dii,
nAu bat dirge nhfrng kcl
(|iKi
ehfnh.
Tuy nhiAn vAn con dAi chA co nhfrng
lAi
in An. Nhung thieu sot
IU^y
hoan loan
khAng anh hirang dAn noi dung va chA't
Iirgng
cua
luAn
an.
Han tom
lAt luAn
an gAn gon, chat ehe, lam noi bat dugc nhung noi dung
ehfnh cua
luAii
an.
Tai liAu Iham khao phu hgp
va\
noi dung

cija luAn
an va tirang doi cAp nhAt.
6. Ket luan
LuAn an dap frng dirge vA nAi dung va
hinh tlurc
cua LuAn an
tie'n
sy.
f)A nghi eho phcp bao ve tnrac Hoi dAng
chA'm
luan an cAp nha nirac.
Ha NAi, ngay 26
ihnag
8 nam 2002
Ngirui
nhan xet
TSLA71ii
Lai
Vien f)ia
chat
Trung tAm Khoa hoc
7ir
nhiAn va Cong nghe
Quoc
gia
VJU\]G PMON(?
OI!/\M
I,-)
]'))\0
U(/p

Danh muc cac kv hieu va cac
chfr
viet
ffit
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
TG-CH
TTH
DO
COD
BOD,
Ch/c
Pis
Pdt
N
Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai
ThiJa
TliiAn
Hue
Oxi hoa tan
Oxi hoa hoc
Oxi sinh boa
Carbon hfru ca

Phot pho long so
Phot pho
dA Ian
Nita
Bang2T
Bang 2.2
Bang 2.3
Bang 2.4
Bang
2.5:
Bang
4.1:
Bang
4.2:
Bang
4.3:
Bang
4.4:
Being
4.5
Bang 4.6
Being
4.7
Bang 4.8
Bang 4.9
Bang
4.10
Bang
4.
II

Bang
4.12
Being
4.13
Bang4T4:
Bang
4.15
Bang
4.16:
Bang
4.17:
Bang
4.18:
DANH MUC CAC BANG
Ty trong
lugng
nura cua cac
th5i
ky so vai
lirctng
nura nam
Lirgng mua nhung nam cao nhat
a
mot so vung
Mot so dgt khong mua va mua
Ic^n
dac
biel
Dac trung dong chay (trung
binh

nhiAu nam) eua cac song do vao
he dAm pha Tam Giang - Cau Hai
Sir
phan phoi lugng dong chay theo mua
a
mot so tram
lluigc
cac
song a
TliiJa
TliiAn Hue
Ciic dac trung Md va So cua
trfini
tfch bgt nho
Ham Iirgng cac khoang vat nang trong Irfim Ifch va Irong phfin
nang
Lirgng bun cat do cac song d6 vao he dAm pha Tam Giang - Cfiu
Hai hang nam
Lirgng bun cat tu cac con bai dua vao he dfim pha
lain
Giang -
criu Hai hang nam
Ham lirgng dong (Cu) trong tram tfch (n x
10"^
%)
Cac dac trung ca hoc cua
loai
phau dicn 1
Cac dac trung ca hoc cua loai
phfiu

dicn 2
Cac dac trung ca hoc cua loai
phAu
dien 3
Cac dac trung ca hoc cua loai
phfiu
dicn 4
Ciic dac trung ca hoc cua loai
phAu
dicn 5
Ciie dae trung ca hoc
ciia locii
phAu dien 6
Ciic dac trung ca hoc cua loai phAu dien 7
pll Irung
blnh
ciia
Irfim
Ifeh
So sanh pH
eiia
trfim tfeh tfing mat
a
cac dfim pha MiAn Trung
Mfim
lugng trung blnh
(%)
ciia
Fe va Mn trong trfim
Ifeh

So sanh
li
so
Fe'^VFc^'*'
trong Irfim tfeh tfing mat
a ciie dfun
phii
Mien
Trung
Hiim
lugng
S04'^
trung blnh Irong trfim tfeh
ciia
he dfim phii
Hi'mi lirc^ng
C h/c (%) trung binh irong
tri'im Ifeii
day ena he
di'ini
pha Tam Giang - Cau Hai
Bang
4.19:
Bang
4.20
Bang
4.21
Bang
4.22
Bang 4.23:

Bang 4.24:
Bang
5.1:
Being
5.2:
Bang
5.3:
Bang 5.4:
B;'mg5.5:
Bang 5.6:
Bang
5.7
Biing 5.8
Bang 5.9
Bi'mg5.IO:
Bang
5.1
I:
Biing
5.1
2:
Biing
5.13:
So sanh ham lirgng
(%)
C h/c trong trfim tfch tfing mal
a ciie
diim
pha MiAn Trung
Ham lugng phot pho

(%)
trung blnh
a
cac dfim phii
Ham lirgng trung blnh cac nguyAn to trong trfim tfch day
(%)
Ham lugng kim loai nang
(%)
trung blnh trong trfim tfch
ciia he
dAm pha
So sanh ham Iirgng kim loai nang
vfn
chi
tlAu
chat lirgng
moi tnrang trAm tfchcua Canada
Ham lugng (%) trung blnh tAng
a
cac dfim pha
Do man trung blnh nam va
mija
cua
nucjfc a
cac dfim pha (
"/,,(,
)
(S(")'
lieu diAu tra tu thang
5/1998

den thang
10/1999)
Do pH trung blnh nam va mua cua
nirfyc a
cac dfim pha (So lieu
diAu
Ira lirtluing
5/1998
den Ihang
10/1999)
Do due Irung blnh theo
mija,
nam a cac
di1ni
plui
(mg/1) (So lieu
dieu tra
tir
thang 5/1998 den thang
10/1999)
DO trung blnh nam va
mija ciia nu6c
a cac
dilni
pha (So lieu dien
Ira tu thiing 5/1998 den thang
10/1999)
Ma trail tirang quan
eiia
cac yeu to moi Iruong

nirc'ie (V
he dam
phii Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai (nam
1999)
lli^m
lugng trung blnh
ciia
cac nguyAn to kim loai
iiiliig
trong
nuac
a
cac dAm pha (thang
10
-
1999)
Bang so sanh do
di.ic
trung blnh (mg/1)
ti^r 1993
den nay
Biing so siinh pH
ciia
nuac
a
cac nam
Biing so Siinh DO
ciia
nuac tnrac
vfi

sau ma
eira (1999)
Biing so Siinh he so
tuctng
quan
(r^^)
gifra
efie chi liAii
moi
truong
lurac
tnrac va sau khi ma cac
cira
biAn nam
1999
Ma Iran
tuctng
quan
ciia ciic
yen to moi tnrang nirae
a
he dfim
phii Tam Giang -
Ci1u
Hai (nam 2000)
Siui
Iirgng khai thac
tlui}
san
a

he di1m plui
(bm)
Siin Iirgng khai thiie mot so
\o'd\
giong
(V
he
(b1m
pha
lain Giiuig
Cfiu Hai tnrac va sau
ma
cac eua
bicii
thiing
1
1
- 1999
(eon/xeo)
DANH
MLJCCAC
HINH
'
Hinh
0.1:
Vi trf vung nghien curu
Hinh
0.2: Anh ve tinh chup he
diim
pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai vao ngay 3/7/97

Hinh
1.1:
vS(t
do mang
luai
mat
cAt
va diem khao sat
Hinh
3.1:
Sa do dia chA't he dAm pha Tam Giang - CAu hai
Hinh
3.2: Hinh thai va xu the bien dong dong song -
ciia
song Huang
Hinh
3.3: BiAu do bien thiAn thanh phfin cat trong tram tfch DA
lu
a
dfing
bAng
Thira
ThiAn Hue
Hinh
3.4: Lich
sir hinh
thanh he dfim phii Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai, giai doan
I
Hinh
3.5: Lich

sir hinh thitnh
he dAm pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai, giai doan II
Hinh
3-5: Lich
sir
blnh
thfuih
he
dc1m
pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai, giai doan III
Hinh
4. la: Bicn thiAn ham lugng
ciia
dong theo chicu
thiing
dung
I linh
4.1:
Sa do phAn bo
tidm
Ifch
tdng
mat
a hA
dAm phii Tiun Giang - CAu Hai
Hinh
4.2: Sa do phAn bo
tiilni
Ifch
lAng

gifra
a
he dAm pha Tam Giang -
Cilii
Hai
I
linh 4.3:
Scr
do phAn bo trAm tfeh tfing
dirai
a
he
dfim phii Tam Giang - Ci1u
I liii
Hinh
4.4: Ham lugng Ch/c trong IrAm tfch
aciic
dAm pha
fTinh
4.5: Su bien dAi ham lugng Ch/c trong trAm tfch dAm phii qua cac nam
Hinh
4.6: Ham lugng trung blnh
ciia
mot so nguyAn
to iho liiuiig
trong
tiilm
tfch
Hinh
4.7:

Hiun
Iirgng trung blnh
ciia
mot so nguyAn to vi lugng trong
tn1ni
tfch
Hinh 4.8: So sanh ham lugng
ciia
dong trong trfim tfch tfing mat vai vai liAu
chuiin moi tnrang (cua Canada)
Hinh
4.9: So sanh ham lugng cua dong trong cac tfing trfim tfch vai vai tiAu
chuiln
moi
trudng (ciia
Canada)
Hinh
4.10:BiAu
do phAn bo mat do dong vat day a he dfim pha
Hinh
5.2: Hicn lugng phAn tang
ihuan Icii
diem
IV.2,
sAu 4m, do ngay 22-4-2000
1 linh
5.3: Hicn
tircrng phfui
tfing
ihuan

lai diem
Ill.l,
sAu
L2m,
do
ngfiy
22-4-2000
I
linh 5.4: Hien lugng phAn Ifing Ihuan tai diem
IV.2,
sAu 4m, do ngay 14-3-2000
lilnh 5.5: Mien lugng phAn tfing ngugc vc nhiet do lai diem XI.3, sAu
2ni,
do
ngiiy
17-3-2000
Hinh
5.6: Hicn tirgng phAn tfing ngugc ve do man lai diem
VIILl,
sAu 3m, do
ngiiy
15-3-2000
lilnh 5.7: Hicn lugng phAn tfing ngugc ve do man
Icii
diem
V11I.2,
sau 5,5m,
do
ngay 15-3-2000
lilnh

5.8: Do miin Irung blnh
a
cac dfim pha
I
linh 5.9: Bien doi do man theo mat cat doc va theo
miia
I
linh
5.10:Bicn
dAi do man theo thang
Hinh 5T
l:Sa do phAn bo do man
cija nirdc a
he di1m pha Tam Giang - Can
Hai va
miia
kho
hie IriAu cirang
Hinh
5,12:Sa do phAn bo do man cua
nirdc a
he dfim pha Tam Giang -
Ci1u
Hai va mua kho
liic Irieu kiel
Hinh
5.13:Sa
do phAn bo do man
ciia
nu6c a he dfim pha Tam Giang -

Cilii
Hai va mua mua
liic
Irieu cirang
Hinh
5.14: Sa do phAn bo do man cua nuac
a he
dAm pha Tam Giang -
Cilu
Hai va
miia
mua luc triAu kiel
Hinh
5.15:
pH Irung blnh
a
cac dfim pha
Hmh
5.16:
Bien doi pH theo mat cAt doc va theo
miia
Hinh
5.17:
Bicn doi pH theo thang
Hinh
5.18:
Do
due
Irung blnh a cac dAm pha
1

linh
5.19:
Bicn doi do
due
theo mat
cAl
doc va theo
miia
lilnh
5.20: Bien doi do
due
theo ihang
I linh
5.21:
DO Irung blnh a cac dfim pha
I
linh
5.22:Bicn doi DO theo mat cat doc va theo
miia
Hinh
5.23: BiAn doi DO
Iheo
thang
Hinh
5.24: So sanh ham lugng
elong
Irung blnh trong cac tfing nirae
vfyi
lieu
eluii'in

Vicl Nam (diing cho nuac nuoi trong)
I linh
5.25:So sanh ham lugng trung blnh cua
dcMig
liong
lurac a
cac di1m phii
vf^i
tiAu
chuiln
Vicl Nam
Hinh
5.26:F?iAu
do
lircmg
quan gifra do man va DO
ciia
nuac di1m Cfiu I lai nam 99
Hinh
5.27:Bieu do
tuctng
quan
giiJa
do
due
va DO cua nuac pha Tam Giang nam 99
1 linh
5.28:BiAu do tuong quan gifra do man va pH
ciia nu6c
pha Tam Giang

nilm
99
1 linh
5.29: BiAu do tuang quan
giiia
do
due
va pH
ciia
nuac dfim CAu Hai
mini
99
lilnh
5.3():BiAii
do tirang quan giua DO va pH
ciia
nuac dAm
Cc1u
llai nam
1999 va
2000
Hinh
5.3
I
:Bicu 66
[uang
quan gifra do man va DO
eiia
nuac dfim Cfiu Hai
nam 1999

va
2000
I hnh
5.32:Bicu
do
lircmg
quan gifra do man va pH
ciia
nuac dfim
Tliuy Tii
nam
1999
I
Hnh 5.33:BiAu do
tircnig quiin
gifra do man va pH
ciia
nuac dfim
lluiy Tii
nam 2()()()
1
linh
5.34:Bicu
66 tuong quan gifra DO va pH
ciia
nuac dfim Thuy
Tii
nam
1999
I Hnh

5.35:Bieii
66
luang
quan gifra DO
vii
pH
ciia
nuoe
di1m Huiy Tii
nam 2000
ILmh
5.36:Bieii
66)
bicn thiAn he so
tmnig
quan
eiia nucV
nam 2000
lilnh 5.37:Bieu 66 so sanh
he
so tuong
cpian
gifra 66 man
\ii
pH
euii niroe iiilm
1999
va 2000
M6DAU
1.

Tinh
cap thiet cua luan an
HA
dclni
pha Tam Giang -
C^u
Hai co dien
tich Ian
nhAt
nir6c
la (2
I
6
km^
chiA'm han 40% long dien
lich
dAm pha), thuAc vao loai
Ian IrAn
the
giai va la lagun dien
hinh
trong he
thA'ng
lagun ven ba Viet Nam. Trong he
dAm pha
chUii
dung mot nguon tai nguyAn to
16n,
hang ngay dang dugc
nhAn dAn Irong vung khai thac de phuc vu

db\
song xa hoi va
phiit
trien
kinb tc quA'c dAn. Da co mAt sA' cAng Irlnh nghiAn
efru
a hA dfim pha nhung
ehira
dAng bg va
niUc
dA con ft, dac biAt la vi
dja
chA't, dia hoa
tr^m
tfch
v^i
mAi tnrang nirac hAu nhu dura co. Cac hien tirgng dia chA't, boi xoi
gfui
lien
voi
sir
tiAn hoa cua
liA d<1ni
pha diAn ra
thucrng
xuyAn va liAn luc da gAy ra
ban
(|iiii
nghiem trgng vc nhiAu mat doi vai nAn kinb le xa hoi, dai song
s;ui

xuA't
ciia
nhAn dAn cung nhu moi tnrang. Dac biel vao ngay 3 thiing I 1-
1999,
trfm
Ifi
the ky a Thira ThiAn - Hue da bfrc thiing nhung noi xung yeu
nhfil eiia
dA
cfU
chAn ngoai, ma them 3 cua biAn mai, gAy hau qua
Ian
v^
nhiAu mat
dAfi
v6\
db\
sA'ng kiidi
le xa hoi. Viec dong ma cac
cira
bien
ciia
hA di1m phii
l\am
Giang - Cfiu Hai la su phat trien
lA't yA'u
trong qua Irlnh
lien hoa tu nhiAn ciia
neV
Qua

Irinh
do ehiu anh hirang bai nhieu yeu
tef,
trong 66 moi tuang tac giua cac yeu to trAm tfch, nguon nuac
ciia
he
d;1m
phii vai dai bicn ven ba dong vai tro rA't quan trong. Ket qua
ciia sir
tuctng
tac do dugc
ihA
hien
klui
ro trong cac thanh
lao tri1m
tfeh vh
diii hoii
moi
tnrang nuac. Do vay vice nghien
euu
dia hoa trfim tfch va moi Iruong nuac
lii
bet sue
ei1n
IhiA't,
no khong
chi
co y nghia
Ian

Irong
vice
nghiAn
efru,
khiii
thiie hgp ly doi
vc^i
ca he thong lagun ven ba
ciia
nuac ta ma con
giiip
fell
eho
cAng Lie
phong ngira,
kliAc
phuc hau qua va
b;io
vc
nu')i
tnrang.
Xiiilt
phal lir nhung yAu cfiu
ciia
khoa hoc va
tliuc
liAn do, cluing loi chon dA
\W\:
"
Dae diem dja hoa tram

tieh
va moi
truang nuae
eua he dam pha Tam
(Jiang - (fin Hai, Thira Thien - Hue
\
2.
Mue
dich eua
luan
an
LuAn an nhAm vao cac
miic
dfch ca ban sau dAy:
2.1.
LAp lai lich
sir hinh Ihiuih \a
phal trien
ciia
he
di1m
pha
lam (uiuig
- Cilu
hiii cpia
do hiAu ro ban vA nhfrng hien tirgng lu nhiAn
dil,
diing
\ii
se

xily
ra a dAy.
2.2.
Xiie lap dac diAm dja hoa
Iriuu
tfch day, thong qua do sa bg diinh
giii moi Inrang trfim
Ifch ciia
he dAm pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai.
2.3.
Xiie lap dac diem dia boa moi
Iruang
nuac
eiia he di1m
phii Irong sU
ehi phoi
eiia ciic
diAu kicn tu nhiAn phuc vu cho cong liic dinh
luK'nig
kh;u
lluie
hgp ly liii nguyAn thiAn nhiAn va bao vc moi truang
vii
phal trien ben vung.
3.
Nhiein vy eiia
luan
fin
Dc
dill

duetc
muc dfch
IrAn,
nhicm vu
ciia
luan an la:
3.1.
Phiui
tfeh
Ccic tfii
lieu dja
chfil,
dia hoa
del
co
ciia klui vire
dong biing
Thira Thien - I luc, dac biel la cua cac Ihanh tao Irfim tfch DA Tu true liep liAn
qiiiin \'()i
he diim pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai.
3.2.
Tieii hiinh
khiio
siit
thire dia theo mang
Iirai ciic
diem nghiAn efru phan
bo theo eii khong gian va thai
gian,
do dac cac chi lieu mo Iruong, mo hi ngoili

Iroi,
lily
mail
theo ciic yAu
cilu
phan
ifch
(doi vai man mrac
vfi milu liam
Ifeh).
},},
Tien hanh phan
Ifch
va gui mAu phAn
ifch dc ihu
dugc
ciie
ehi lieu
Ciui
thiet
nhir:
Tliiuih
phfin bat, carbon
bifu
ca, COD,
BOD^,
ciie nuio'i
dinh
duaim,
Ciie

luiuvAn
to kim
loai
3.4. long hgp, thong
kA,
xu ly, mo phong,
Ifnh
loiin
biing
e;ie
phiidng
ph{\p khiie nbiiii \a ciic pluln
mem Ihfeh hgp phuc
\'U
eho
niue dieh
nghien
eiin
diii hoii liam
lieh
\a
moi tnrang nirae eua he
6(un
phii.