Tải bản đầy đủ (.doc) (32 trang)

SKKN Một số biện pháp nâng cao chất lượng giáo dục lễ giáo cho trẻ mẫu giáo 5 – 6 tuổi trường Mần non Lê Thanh B

Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (2.24 MB, 32 trang )




 !"#$ %$ # &
'!()%*+,-
 ./01
!"#$!%&'(# 23244564
%&)!## 7227
#*+, #89:8
-.+/!$+ ;<;
01#23 -=>
4(56!!(7!89" ?@3A.B8
:#;#5<! #89:88C8DEF
 'G H
=Một số biện pháp nâng cao chất lượng giáo dục lễ giáo cho trẻ mẫu giáo 5 – 6
tuổi trường Mần non Lê Thanh B”.
IJKH
>
4'LM=NAE8
O-PQRL.H
#?.+#@+#A(#&B/C(#"B+?D+#E!DFGE+'(##H(!5H(2I
J(=)')!(KD&+J256+LD!#D"C#/!F8M3+(K%&+J256+
'$#D(N(+$++5H!OB4+%&+#MB#D"C#/!F+#A#G#H)(K+#+PQ
+?D+$++#$BRS0L;&#T!U&)5-!GD(+?D2V5N+FV5N++J!(UB
&9#FQ#@(#G#H)#W#K0LS#A#1P"!($)8,+&U&)G&XYA+#
2UB(0)!#K#4!!($)8,+OB4+8MS($)8,+&U&) +J#(K&,YM"
8Z!+-'<[D2UB, 2\]&J! +#)(K+#1### #M+$+#+)!5H(S0L
;&G#9#Q#E++?D&(!(D21#, G5-!GD(+?D8M3+. (K+[7)K+#%&'J+
0L C#/!Q#7(+#^G0$+##(K&+?D&(!5H(F+?DYI#3(&+?D)#MG)9(S
_G*DB`("G#H(2(a&&VB+#4OBD0!#VFV+7&((K+2]B[X
2UB bX2UB%F[X2UBJ(F[X2UB!#;F#1P23![c!2/(+#M2/(D"


+?D&1#SSSSV+7#T!+d+#^2J2]BG&G#T!#J(OB;FCa+7#J(YVBS
WB05H!&U&)C#/!G&4(K++#%&'J+e!($)8,+0L0)!#T!%&
"#1(K+!($)8,+G9(#W'*+C#JC#%FQ#*+9QS1P"F!#.OB"W0B!
5-!fFC#)$+?D7!+3!'7(KD&]g.##5N!+#(WG56+!($)
8,+e2)9)0)!#H(Ch+/!!#(KQ#)$F#(K29(#)$2]0D&,+(B!($)
8,+U&)Q#7(0D![.+#)0L#T!!14#VCa+7]&\P+#V(#
#U&3+$+#)8(KRS
#5+#E!D2I[(W0)!2(]BC(KC(#WQ#$0(a2D!0+)25H!
#3(#PQF2V5N++#E!DQ#7(!(D)G5BN(#(]B]%#)$C#$+#DBS
*!05N+1##1#2`(&N(+?D2V5N+F+i!N('ZQ#$0(aC#/!
!j!+?D]!($)8,+5N+#F2D!0)!#H(Ch#3(#PQC(#WF2V5N+
2D!025H!&<+dD#T!7##5<!C#/!#k+?D]#(]B]%#JD
C#$+#DBS#1(K+!(T!1Q#$#B"0B"]#4!%#JD4+J+?D+#D/!
Dj!Y5DG#(K&,+U+PQ#P#VSb+9#2JF(K+(WQ#B#T!
(##)D%#JD+?D#MG)9(2aG&!(B#&[7'X+%#JD0(!+?D8M3+
f
&1#+l!GV2]+U#(WeG&#W)2a+#)#W#K0L+?D+#E!Dg)
#PQ&C#/!#)Dg0)!&m(+#E!Dn!(T256+#T!!1!(Gg4
%#)$+?D8M3+(KR0)!#H(29(&N(#1(K+!($)8,++#)0LQ#$0(a]
0ABK#/(C#/!2?&Q#7(!($)8,+0L[(W!(T256+0B"]#4!%#)$4
+J+?D+#D/!Dj!Y5DG#(K&,+UPQ0B!0)!+$+&,+(BQ#$
0(a+)!5H()8(K#(KD"S
!"D"FC#(2V5N+2D!02Q#$0(a#3(#PQC(#WF%#JDF
#D&!(D+$+8(o2pB4+W&<0D+#)5N+#J(+#B!!($)8,+J(0(!
#T!+-#3(+l!#5#(]B#$+##*+&N(SqZ!(D)G5B#3(#PQ+$+]%#JD
#W!(N(S(K+!(T!1Q#$#B"]%#JD8M3++!256+2]+D)F(K+
+#E!D#3(#PQ+#*C#/!#a#rDDF[(W#+#k(F(WQ#B#T!(##)D%
#JD+?D #M G)9(2a G&!(B#&s [7'X+ %  #JD0(! +?D8M  3+
&1#S05N+#T!+-#3(#$+##*+2J2V5N+2D!+U+J#T!+)!5H(
&N(FYI#3(+#?!#tDN(#T!+$A##/!&(#F%!23!F'$!9)S

u'-PQRAA80
($)8,+Go!($)+#)0L#kG&3+/!(K+C#JC#%#5!/+i!OBD
0!Sv!+#DD2Ij!+J+MB=9"+)j#?D+r#-RS5N($+23!'5
Q#9&+?D!5H(GNF2*D0L!D"j#T!#$!%&2UB(+?D+B3+2H(2I+J
#aGt##3(&3'4C#$((K&F[(aB56!29)2*+#W'*+2-!(7+J#T!
##(Q#i#6QN(#T!C#$((K&F[(aB56!V"S0)!C#(!(D)(WQN(
!5H(GN0L256++#*!C(W#T!##(+?D#'Z2$#!($F+#)Q#sQ=
R=:#/!RS=56+Q#sQR#)\+=:#/!256+Q#sQRwSS+?D!5H(GNS
j2J0L[(W256++$(!1G4F+$(!1GYVB#;)'Z2$#!($+?D!5H(GN0L
(WQ#BF#V&#BU#T![(aB56!29)2*+'-2x!S
($)8,+Go!($)G+#By&Z++?DOB$01#!($)8,+29)2*++#)0LFJ
2J!&3D(0r)GN0)!(K+Q#$0(a#M+$+#)8(K+#)0LSJ#a
J( :#/!#a#(WB256+!($)8,+Go!($)0)!(K+!(EQ0L0<##+)!5H(
&N(+?DI#3(+#?!#tDS($)8,+Go!($)+#A#G#1###+#)0LCz%!Z
{
Q#,+,[7#MF+J#T!##(F+$+#*!YdQ#i#6QS+J%#)$0)!!(D
21#F05H!GNQ!)(YI#3(S
(D)'8,+Go!($)+#)0LJ(+#B!#VG+#)0L&U&)J(0(!G/
+i!OBD0!S0L&U&)!(4!#5&30D!!(V"0X!S!5H(GN+#E!
D(W)2J#W)'|###W2JS#T!A#+$+#F#J(OB;256+#1###
+#)0L!D"jG*DB`(&U&)'|#;)0L0)!'B4+B3+2H(0VC#J#D"
2`(S
0L&U&)+U256+!($)8,+Go!($)C#/!+#^<0)!!(D21#&+U
Q#7(256+!($)8,++7<!)(YI#3(F<05H!#+S0)!2J&/(05H!#+PQ
+?D0LG0VOBD0!S-D(#W+/!($)+#A#G#T!!5H(!(EQ0L+J256+
#T!#J(OB;4F##(%&(#0)!+B3+'4!SN(0L+/!($)#5&3
V&!5-!'$!S#T!!1+/!($)J(F#T!(K++/!($)G&0L2]B+#)G2E!F
G#D"SP"#1&B4+J+)!)DF0r!)D#1!5H(GNF=b4&}+/!($)R
Q#7(+#%&G)F!($)8,+0L!D"jC#(+r#-89(S
#A#12(]B2J/(2I+#2](=Một số biện pháp nâng cao chất lượng

giáo dục lễ giáo cho trẻ mẫu giáo 5 – 6 tuổi trường Mần non Lê Thanh B”.
2. Môc ®Ých nghiªn cøu
- §Ò xuÊt mét sè biÖn ph¸p rÌn lÔ gi¸o cho trÎ nh»m n©ng cao lÔ gi¸o cho trÎ
mÇm non
S'T;:8A888U.H
](256+#Z+#(K0)!%&#+Fj#$!~%&f•>{2W#W#$!€
%&f•>€9(GNQ&nB!($)•‚ƒB`(FGNQ>F05H!&U&)„#D#bS
4. §ãng gãp míi vÒ mÆt thùc tiÔn
]("#a#(K'ZOBDM&#(W#Z+2W0L;&OB"]256+#(aB[(W+$+
&4(OBD#K0)!YI#3(#1###(WQ#B]!($)8,+(W[3F256+#5<!]
%#)$+?D8M3+&1#S0+-'<(WQ#BP8,!#T!##ZB(
!#F#12]("!JQQ#U#1###+#)0L#T!+-'<[D2UB+?D#M
+$+#+)!5H(&N(YI#3(+#?!#tD C#k;&9#F#D##}FQ#$0(a#(#rDF
+M24(F!(BGr!"B#5-![(WOBDM&F#5H!#.!(EQ&(!5H(F[(W

"B#A+#!(T!1+$(2}QF#/!&(#F#D&#(aB[(WF#A+#C#$&Q#$1&r(
&3'4Cz%!+-[7#5 #}#!FC#s)Gs)F[(WY(Gm(#PGm(C#(&1#
+JGm(SG&Q#)!Q#E#-]+$+##(aB+$+##10L;&#(KD"0)!!($)
8,+U&)S
@'!F8V.=8N.AAWX8A8V
/(2I(W##C#7)'$ N({•+#$BS
8.AY8V; !FZ [V
0L[(W+#)#k(FY5!#/GoQ#sQS >•+#$BS €…†
0L+J##(F#J(OB;%&(#0)!+B3+
'4!S
>•+#$BS f~†
0L+J#T!Cz%!ZQ#,+,[7#M0)!
'(##)9#!!"S
~+#$BS fƒ†
0L+J#T!#(aB[(W]&/(05H!YI#3(

&/(05H!Z#(S
…+#$BS f{†
*!05N+1##1##5P"F/(0VG)GX!Q#7(89"0L#5#W)[c!
#T![(KQ#$Q!12aV+70LGNQ/(+J#T!#J(OB;##(29)2*+
Q#i#6QN(+#By&Z+YI#3(S
 # \ ]*)%JK
1. C¬ së lý luËn cña ®Ò tµi
j!Y5DC(#!#(K&+?D+#D/!D2I‡2E+CWF#(K&,#+2UB(
+?D&m(+)!5H(Q#7(Gg(#+GoF#PB#+%gGoQ#sQGs2}Q%#)$
256+2\G#!2UBS
0)!#H(29(#(KD"(WQ#B#(]B]%#)$C#$+#DB2MB2Jn
+r#(]B+MB+#B"K#5-!M&]29)2*+Go!($)+?D+)!5H(F(K+&/(
&(!5H(2I!#;#V"0#/!(29(+#E!F0)!+B3+'4!#c!!"
0)!%C(K2D(#3(2D!GU#*F29(#3(27!GU#*!#.OB"W
0B!5-!F7!2IC#x!2.#Q#$0(a'Z!#(KQ!($)8,+G'Z!#(KQ+?D

)YI#3(F+?D#5N+F+?D+3!2@!F+?D!(D21#+?D&(+/!8MFCW
#6Q4!($)8,+05H!#+!($)8,+!(D21#F!($)8,+YI#3(FYM"8Z!&/(
05H!!($)8,+G#&9#!5H(GNG&!5-!+#)0L;&)(#;)S
jGMB!($)8,+Go!($)+#)0LG+B4#E'ZOBDM&+?D+$+#!($)8,+
+$+[P+Q#B#B"#F'ZOBDM&0C#/!+#^!nB#(F+$+#M&Gˆ#+F
!($)8,+#+2IOBDM&2W#P#*+Go!($)+?D0L1P"!(D)(WQ+#(W&&3
.0AOBD0)!0)!2H('4!'(##)9#!!"+?D0LG]%#JDGMB2H(
2\+[(K24(N(0LS
($)8,+Go!($)+#)0L&nB!($)G'Z#1###Q#$0(a#M+$+#
+#)0LF'Z#P#*+OBD+$+#!(D)(WQ#/!OBD+$+[(#-F+MB+#B"KF
#c&!($)8,+29)2*+G4('4!+#)0LQ#$0(a0ABKQ#$0(a2D
2*+F
pBD(WQYE+N(+MB+#B"KF[(#-+J3(8B!!($)8,+Go!($)$+23!
2W'Z!($)8,+Go!($)+#)j!+$#M0L]1#+7&Fˆ+#A#c&&,+2A+#Q#$

0(a#M+$+#+#)0LS
pBD#)923!#+PQF!(D)(WQF!J+B"0B"]'(##)9#!!"
+?D0L2]B+J&4(OBD#KN(#DB#5 #-F0B"KFV+72]B+B4#E9)2(]B
C(K+#)0LQ#$0(a)8(K]&(&\*+F0AFGD)F#y&&zS
2. C¬ së thùc tiÔn cña ®Ò tµi
0%0<N(&,+(B+#B!+?D!($)8,+FG!5H(!($)(&U&)/(
!B"K!JQ'*+&3Q#U#k[s+?D&1#)(K+!($)8,+Go!($)+#)0L<G*D
B`(&nB!($)#c&!JQQ#U#1####M+$+#[D2UB+#)0LSb+9#2JG
&,+(B+?D(K+!(7&‰GK'(#+)'4+)0)!&m(!(D21#A2(F#10L
!"+!256+B/!+#(]B#$(OB$S3'4Q#,#B"#+#5D#(aBU&OBD0!
+?D!($)8,+Go!($)+#)+);&<G*DB`(&U&)F#5H!C#)$0X!+#)
!($)(S
ƒ
#H(!(D2UB0L2WGNQN(#J(OB;Z8)F07GH(+MB#k(+?D+/+r07GH(
04!C#/!F0D)GNQZ#(J(%!Z8)<0)!GNQSSS/(C#(+r#D"
+#d([P"N([9&3+$+#Z#(S
*!05N+1##1##5P"F/(0VG)GX!Q#7(89"0L#5#W)[c!
#T![(KQ#$Q!12aV+70LGNQ/(+J#T!#J(OB;##(29)2*+
Q#i#6QN(+#By&Z+YI#3(S
UB(/(+U!($)8,+0L#T!##(%#)$0)!+B3+'4!#c!
!"#5+J#$(232E!N(+/!($)!5H(GNF[9[Š[(WJ(#5D!d([(W
+#)#k(C#(+JC#$+#2WGNQC#/!J(,+N([9[ŠF+J1#"B24(N(&('Z
PF#(K56!YB!OBD#S
($)8,+Go!($)#c&#1###+#)0L+-'<[D2UB]#M+$+#+?D+)
!5H(&N(YI#3(+#?!#tD(KD&S1#W&m(+/!($)&U&)+J0$+##(K&
!JQQ#U2)9)#W#K0L#T!+)!5H(Q#$0(a)8(K]#M+$+#
0ABK+#)0L&nB!($)S
'^A.Z8H
* Đối với giáo viên:
e/(2I256+#r!‚Fb#05H!+i!N(`+#B"&/

#5H!YB"[@(85‹!+#B"&/S
eb7#M/(GB/"B!#]&W0LF#D&#+#k(M!+D)+#B"&/S
„B/1&r(+$+[(#-F[(#$F+MB+#B"KF0D#7#+J3(8B!]!($)8,+Go
!($)2a89"0LS
* Đối với trẻ:
q4G56!0L2(GNQ2/!+#B"+USUB#W0L2]B2W05H!j23
B`(#0L2IQ#U)#A+#!#(N(05H!GNQF[Š[9S
uĐối với phụ huynh
D'4+$+!(D21#+JA+)2IOBDM&2W(K+!($)8,+Go!($)+#)
0L2IQ#U)#P#*+256+3(8B!Fˆ!#tD+?D!($)8,+Go!($)+#)0LS
Œ
_'^X`XaH
* Về cơ sở, vật chất:
e„&3YI[U/!C(#W+r!#Š)8)2J&+-'<P+#V0D!#(W[.
Q#,+,+#)#)923!+#B"&/+r#9+#WFGNQ#++r#+G9(+?D(aB#+
+#5D256+#(WCW#;)"B+UB+?D&U&)
e@8i!F2@+#-(F0D!#(W[.Q#,+,+#)#)923!+rAS(G(KB#D&C#7)
2a89"0L+r+#5DQ#)!Q#ES#5D+J#(]B#-+DF0B"KCa+J3(8B!]!($)
8,+Go!($)
eJ+B"0B"]F!J+#(#(+r!#Š)F+#5DQ#)!Q#ES
* Về phía trẻ;
0)!#Z+W#(KD"0L&U&)+#5D#Z+'Z+J]WQGo!($)4S#(]B0L
0)!!(D)(WQ+rJ(#(WB+#?!TN(!5H(GNB`(F#D"J(04!C#/!FN([9
[Š+rJ(,++#d([P"S#5D+Jˆ#*+0)!(K+!(T!1K'(#+#B!SpBD#K+?D
0LN(&/(05H!YI#3(+r+#5D'MB'X+S#5D#Z+'Z+J1#+7&N(+$+!"
#3(F!"GoF+#5D+J#(]B##(#a#(K1#+7&+?D&1#24(N(&(!5H(
0)!+$+!"#3(F!"GoS0L+#5D#Z+'Z+J#(]B+7&YE+N(#W!(N(23!P
&/(05H!#(#(Fj2J8n2W0L+#5D+J#(]B##(%&(#0)!
(K+[7)K&/(05H!SqZ#(aB[(W]0B"]#4!OB#5-!8M3++r+#5D'MB
'X+SV+7#T!2(]B2J2]B7##5<!2W(K+Q#$0(a)8(K#M+$+#+#)

0LS
* Đối với giáo viên:
#5D+J#(]B#1##*+'$!9)F#(W#Z+2a!($)8,+Go!($)+#)0LSn
+rGE!E!C#(#Z+#(K3(8B!"S#U1C(W#*+!($)8,+Go!($)+#)
0L+r#9+#WFQ#U12@8i!F2@+#-(F0D!#(W[.Q#,+,+#)+$+#)923!
+#5D+D)S3(8B!!($)8,+Go!($)0)!+#5-!01#+#%&'J+!($)8,+0L+r
#9+#WF\!]Gˆ#B"WFA+#)0L#Z+##F07(!#(K&S0LA+J+-#3(256+
#Z+##F*!YdF!(7(OB"W1##B4!S

0)!OB$01#!($)8,+Go!($)+#)0Ln+r+*!#X+F&$"&J+0)!
(K+!($)8,+0LS$#!($]##(Go!($)+?D0L#5H!8ZD)C(W#*++?D
0L+#5D+J'Z#;)8•(F+#Eˆ2W+$+##(+?D0L0)!+$+1##B4!2a2$#
!($S
e/(GE++#5D#Z+'Z&nB&Z+0)!GH(J((K+G&S
e#5D+J#(]B#1##*+#(2BDC#;#5<!F23!(C.Q#H(0)!OB$01#
!($)8,+0LS
e:#7%!P8,!#-+DF0B"KCa+J3(8B!„0)!OB$01#!($)
8,+0L+r#9+#WS
uĐối với phụ huynh:
e#(]BQ#,#B"#+rOB$B/!+#(]B0LFGB/2$Q*!&(#*#;)"B +UB
+?D0LSDQ#UQ#,#B"#+#5DOBDM&2W(K+„+#)0LS#(]BQ#,
#B"#+r+#5D!5-!&nB0)!+$+##(9(!(D21#S(]B2J8n2W(K+
„+?D!($)(24(N(0L9(05H!!\Q#(]BC#JC#%S
'b# &T"Tc- &
4'de/`A./A./NH
a!($)8,+Go!($)+#)0L#1(K+G&2UB(2JGYM"8Z!!J+B"
0B"]+?DGNQF2M"G[(KQ#$Q0V#TB#(KB24(N(+#B"2]Go!($)[<(G|0L
G*DB`("58B"0Z+OBD#1#7#G+#?"WBS#A#1#WF&!J+B"
0B"]+UQ#7('(#23!Q#)!Q#EN(#T!#1#7#2}QF#VQ8n0LSpBD
2J0L256+0Z+OBD[c!#1#7##T!!5-!4F(K+G&4#)\+OBD#-F

0B"Kw#10L8o(WQ#BF8oQ#M[(K(K+G&)4F(K+G&)YVBSb
+9#2J#/!OBD!J+B"0B"]Q#,#B"#[(W256+CW#)9+#+#%&'J+e!($)
8,++?DGNQ2a+J#5N!#X+#<0Š#&+#)0L2a!(EQ0L#NGMB#-S
_!J+"/('5BU&#T!0D#7#+J3(8B!!($)8,+Go!($)8$)
+#)0LY;&F#)\++J#aG&3[(#-F[(#$+J3(8B!Q#i#6QS#H(!(D
~
07#/(+#)0L2WY;&F0r+#B"K2&#)9(N(0L]#T!#1#7#2J2a
OBD2J!($)8,+0L#T!##(%&(#
M"G#T!#1#7##c&B"0B"]2WQ#,#B"#2a+i!!($)8,+0L
[(W+#)#k(GoQ#sQF+#-(!)D+i![9F[(WC#(!$Qe#)Q#7(+#;&(K!F+#-(
Y)![(W+V82@+#-(FC#/!!@(!UC#(Y;&((wS
)\+GF#T!##([(WOBDM&!(EQ2‹&(!5H(F"B#(#(F
#A+#GD)23!F[(W+#%&'J+[7)KPB/(w

B"2M"+#^G#T!(K+G&#k#5!J7##5<!0VGN2W#M+$+#
'DB"+?D0LS
>•
b+9#2JF/(!6(ˆ+#)0L]#'5BU&#T!#1#7#]Go!($)2a
8$)!J+B"0B"]F2(]B"'|!(EQ0L#P[(W256+##(2E!'D(2a
0L#+PQ!(EQ0LGB/A+#+Z+#-0)!#)923!"S
2. Giáo dục lễ giáo thông qua hoạt động chung:
($)8,+Go!($)+#)0L&U&)C#/!Q#7(G&3#)923!0(![(KFJ
256+G@!!#sQFA+##6Q)V+7+$+#)923!0)!!"+?D0LS#A#1P"
&(K+!($)8,+Go!($)+#)0LC#/!+J&3C#B/&nB)Si")C#7%!
  'Z  '$!  9)  +?D  &m(  !($)  (  &  +#)  #(KB  OB7  !($)  8,+  C#$+  #DBS
0)!05H!&U&)0L256+#Z+#(K#(]B#)923! )923!#+PQ+J
+#?2A+#F#)923!B(+#-(S(K+!($)8,+Go!($)#/!OBD+$+&/#++J
#(]B5B#W#c&#1###+#)0L#T!#J(OB;F##(+J%#)$S#/!
OBD+$+[(#$F[(#-F+MB+#B"KFC#$&Q#$]&/(05H!YB!OBD#!(EQ+#)
0L+J#T!+7&YE+B(LFQ#$0(a58B"G)!(+FQ#7$#1#"BOB#5-!F

2V5N+F1#+7&!U!l(24(N(#T!!5H(YB!OBD#F[(W"B#5-!FCA#
0!FGoQ#sQN(&(!5H(F[(W#P0D+$(#(KF+$($+S#A#1P"/(2IG@!
!($)8,+Go!($))+$+(W#+S
JfgHpBD#)923!Q#$0(a!/!T
=#- Phải là 2 tayRb(#-2IJ( b9#k!@([&}[%C#)%F[92I
#k(&}9('D)+$(%&#kYAB&G9(25D[c!fD"S}2I07GH(N([9GB"
+$(%&#kF25D[c!fD"&N(k0D'ZCA#0!N(!5H([]0S
/!($)2&#)9(N(0L
e$++)#1Y;&+/+J+$(!12M"Ž
e$++)#V"+$(%&+J\!C#/!Ž
e>D"+$++)+J+U&256+C#/!Ž
e#5!9('D)G9(+U&[c!fD"C#(25D+#)!5H(GNŽ
>>
e_#F%+-&Y)!+$++)2IG&#T!(K+!1Ž
e$++)GV"!1+#)/!F[F[4F&}F+$++)25D[c!&V"D"Ž
($)8,+0LC#(25D#*!12J+#)!5H(GNB`(Q#7(+U&[c!fD"J(
=)&H(w9R
*Bài thơ “Bó hoa tặng cô”
$+[9#k2(#$(#)D#T![/!#)D2@!3(2a\!+/!($)#M!"
&@!…#$!{S$+[9YE+23!C#/!J(256+GGH(+#^#H#T![/!#)D
J(#31#+7&+?D&1#N(+/!($)S/!($)0V+7&23!05N+V&
Gr!+?D[U"0LS
e!!"+$++)2WGNQFD(2I89"+$++)Ž
e/!($)2I89"+$++)2(]B!1Ž
eakGr!"BOBˆ+/!($)F#!!"+$++)G&!1Ž
e0)![(#-F+$+[92(#$(#)D\!+/#M!"!1Ž
e:#(\!#)D+#)+/F1#+7&+?D+$+[9#5#W)Ž
e1#+7&+?D+/24(N(+$+[9#5#W)Ž
e:#(\!#)D+#)+/F+$++)\![c!&V"D"Ž
#/!OBD[(#-!($)8,+0L[(W"BOBˆFM!GH(FCA#0!+/!($)+?D

&1#S
upBD+#B"KgA+#+#BgS
•/2&#)9(+i!0L 
eA+#+#BG+PB[s#5#W)Ž
eA+#+#B+J"B#5-![C#/!Ž
eB4(+i!A+##B+J#P0DGm(+?D&1#C#/!Ž
>f
eA+#+#B2IG&!1C#(#P0DGm(+?D&1#Ž
e)+J#+PQ[9A+##BC#/!Ž1'D)Ž
/!($)8,+0LGr!#P#F+#%&G)GD)23!F89"+#$B"B+$(#(KF!#s+$(
$+F#1###+#)0LGr!#M$(24(N(&(!5H(YB!OBD#S
D"OBD<C.+#=bD+/!$(R0L[(W#a#(K#T!##23!YVB#H-
05N+(&}4&\!+?D+/+7+/#D(Sr#4#)7!&B4+#9"2W[&}
!D"+?D+/EC#(!#;(&}4&F#$(23[|G|C#/!!($&#1D(C#(f+/
[(W##0iD#KpBD2J0L#V"256+'4!Q#7([(W"B#5-!FCA#0!
#T!!5H(2I'(#0D&1#C#/!1G6(A+#+$#M&OB2(#T!!5H(
2I&D!\!2L2DB2a0@(Q#7(+#.B&3#PBOB72$!(W+'y"0DS
)\+#/!OBD+MB+#B"KgV&$&gS/!($)8,+0LGr!#P#F+#%&G)GD)
23!F89"+#$B"B+$(#(KF!#s+$($+F#1###+#)0LGr!#M$(24(N(&(
!5H(YB!OBD#S
u)923!:: =:#$&Q#$]+$+G)9(OB7R
e(2I0@!+#%&'J++M"2a+J256++$+G)9(OB7"Ž
ea+J256++$+G)9(OB7"F#1+$+[$+/!8MG&#T!+/!2)9)Ž
e$++)#V"+/!(K++?D+$+[$+/!8M#5#W)Ž
e05N+C#(%OB7#1+$++)Q#7(G&!1Ž
pBDG6(A+#+?D+$+G)9(OB7F+/!($)8,+0L[(WCA#0!!5H(GD)23!F
C#/!!XG$[L+#F&Q#7([(W[7)K+#%&'J++M"2a+M"+#)D#(]BG6(
A+#S05N+C#(%OB7Q#7(0dD'9+#F!kF%[k#9S
l!OBD#)923!::/(+l!&9#8925D+#^'4)(W89"2a2$#
!($+$+##(+?D0LS<2UB+#)[(89"/(YM"8Z!&3+MB+#B"K2JG

=#B"K+?D[s+ER+MB+#B"KCa]>[9#k0V!)Db(W!EQ2‹&}#T!
+/!(K+#F[(W+#)#k(C#(+JC#$+#2W#+#-(F[(W+7&-C#(#P256+
>{
'Z!(EQ2‹+?D!5H(C#$+FC#(#P256+OBSb(WY(Gm([9FY(Gm(;&C#(
&1#&X+Gm(Fj2J89"0L2a0L#V"256+#T!##23!C#/!F
qDB2J+#)0L256+07(!#(K&OBD+$+[*+0D##1#7#+/2I+#By[.2a
0L+J#a#(aB'MB#-#T!##()#T!##()C#/!2a
0L$Q8,!)+B3+'4!Sj2J2L0L#N[('MB#-+J#a/(25D0D+$+1#
#B4!0)+$+'(G8;')!C#(+#-(0r+#-(2a0L+#2MBG1##B4!
G&#D"1##B4!2E!1'D)Ž
pBD2J+J#a2$#!($256+'Z#P#*++$+##23!0L#Z+#(K256+OBD
+B3+'4!#D!!"S
•)923!Q#$0(a#y&&z
b+9##T!##(2J!($)8,+0L1#"B#5-!FCA#0!24(N(
/![F+#D&}FD#+#.F[(W#5H!#.;&[swOBD#)923!9)#1#g|
!5H(#M0)!!(D21#gS/+J#a2&#)9(+i!0L
e(D21#+#$B!@&+J#T!D(Ž
e(D21#+#$B#B3+OB(&/!(D21#!1Ž
e(!5H('4!0)!!(D21#Q#7(#5#W)N(#DBŽ
($)8,+0L[(WCA#0!"BOBA/![F+#D&}FD#+#.F[(W#5H!#.
;&[sS:#(<#[(WOBs#F#\0DBFGV"5N+F2;&OBU$)+#)&}!(\w
+Jˆ#*+#Z+#(K"B+UB+?D!5H(GNS

>€
Cô cùng trẻ trò chuyện về gia đình.
u)923!B(+#-(
4(N(0LG*DB`("0L#+&+#-(F+#-(&#+F0)!!(HB(+#-(0L256+
#Z+##07(!#(K&#(]BD(+#-(C#$+#DB0)!+B3+'4!+?D!5H(GNF/((W
##G@!Go!($))B(+#-(F2M"G&3[(KQ#$Q0V#(KBOB7OBD2J0L256+24(
#)9(#T!+MB+#)#k(GoQ#sQF+MB+7&-FY(Gm(F0D)#P[c!#D(D"F/(#;)

8•(OBD'$GX!!#;2aC.Q#H(B4X0LC#(+J[(aB#(K+#5D+#By&Z+Sj2J
!(EQ0L#1####J(OB;##(%&(#0)!!(D)(WQS
JfgHpBD0r+#-(Q#MD(e"$e[$+'tS

Trò chơi: Bác sỹ ở góc phân vai.
b$+'t[(WM+U#%&#k([K##M 
eb$+-(F[$+2DB<+#m)Ž
e#$B+J2DBGX&C#/!Ž
e#$BsD"$)G2a[$+(&+#)+#$B)Ž
•$Q#$#B4+8\[K##M
•b$+-(F#B4+&m(#*[$+B4!>(F!"[$+B4!fGU05N+GE+%S
•05N+C#([/(#B4+[$+Q#7(0dD0dD'9+#W#5-!S
bK##M#P#B4+F#P2-#B4+[c!#D(D"J(GH(+7&-24(N(+/"
$F[$+'tS
e(H+#-(0L+#-(2)CWN([9[ŠF'‘'!#5H!2@+#-(+#)[9#)\+0?
[9+i!+#-(FC#/!0D#!(#2@+#-(+?D[9S#V"[9C#J+Q#7(8m[9F#V"
[9!IQ#7(2‹[98P"S
Các cháu đang chơi xây dựng.
•0L+#-([$#! 
>•

Trò chơi: Bán hàng ở góc phân vai.
eb$+-(F[$+&BD#!+#)/(2(Ž
e’DB+?D/(!)GX&+#.&BD2(Ž
e/-([D)#(B(]&3&N0DBŽ
e#.-([D)#(B(]&3+M$)Ž
pBD!(H+#-(F+/!($)8,++#)0LC#(J(Q#7((]&<F0•0!FJ(#W+MBF
C#/!J()FGD#sFC#/!J(,+S:#(J(N(!5H(GNQ#7(#5D!d(F89M!F
C#/!J(04!C#/!FC#/!+#^GX+!P2UBSC#(J(N([9+UY5!#//(F
&1#C#/!Y5!#/D)F&"S

pBD#)923!B(+#-(+#$B&9#898UF###9)8U0)!!(D)(WQF
0)!*!YdF+#)#k(24(N(&(!5H(YB!OBD#&1#S
j2M"0LGNQ/(2I#WJ(04!C#/!FJ(+MB#(WB+#?!TS0L[(WJ(
07GH(2U"2?+MBF[(WY5!#/+#By&Z+S
qDB&3#H(!(D#Z+#(K#T!#J(OB;]Go!($)+#VG56!GNQ/(%!
G0•0KF0L[(W+#)#k(F#5D!d(GoQ#sQF[(WJ(GH(+7&-FY(Gm(F
"B&W+/!($)F2)CWN([9[ŠF/(#V"B(&j!(WQ,+$Q8,!S
3: Giáo dục lễ giáo ở mọi lúc mọi nơi:
(K+!($)8,+Go!($)+#)0L&U&)C#/!+#^Q#,#B3+)#T!!(H89"
+$+#)923!+?D!($)(&+U256+G@!!#sQ!($)8,+<&(GE+F&(
-(S#E!D2]B[(W2\+#i+?D0L&nB!($)G=+[c!+#-(F+#-([c!#+RS
0L2WGNQ+7!"F!)(+$+#)923!+J+#?2A+#F#)923!!)(0H(F0L
256++#-(Z8)F+/!($)G!5H(#5H!YB"OBD'$0LS:#(#V"0L+J##

(2}QF+/C.Q#H(23!(0LS:#(#V"0L+#5D+J##(+#5D2}QF+/C.Q#H(
B4XS
(H2J0L#)\+070LF/(0VM+U+#By&Z+0)!Y5!#/N([4&}0LF
/(PQ+#)0L2WGNQ+#)+/F'DB2J+#)[4&}2a)GNQ#+S
A8, )!(H2J0L)[B`('$!#)\+[B`(+#(]BF0LOB+#)+//(#}
#!#X+0L
e0D!-(F#/&D"+/#V"+)+#5D+#)+/0@(S
e„)!-(F+)2I+#)[+#5DŽ
05N+GE++/`+#*++#)0L%F+/+i!0L2&#)9(
e05N+C#(%+-&F+$++)G&#T!(K+!1Ž
eB4+#)[D"'9+#2a%+-&#1+$++)G&!1Ž
($)8,++#)0L+JCz%!0dD'9+#D"[c!YQ#r!85N(r(5N++#7"05N+
C#(%'DBC#(2(K'(#F0dD&\'9+#'|S

Trẻ rửa tay bằng xà phòng dưới vòi nước chảy (Lồng GDLG)
e:#(+$++)#P256++-&F+$++)Q#7(J(!1Ž

/!6(ˆ+#)0L&H(+/%+-&F&H(+$+[9%+-&S
ea27&[7)K'(#0)!%B4!#1+$++)Q#7(%#5#W)Ž

Giờ ăn trưa của trẻ (Lồng GDLG).
/!($)8,++#)0L05N+C#(%Q#7(0dDD"F0dD&\'9+#'|S:#(%C#/!J(
+#B"KFC#/!#D(#@&#)&FC#/!!P&#*+%GMBS:#(#)F#X#-(F!$Q
Q#7(GV"D"+#;&(K!FC#/!G&2`FI(0-(+-&0D[F%#WYBVF#WC#yB
Q#UF%#W+$+G)9(#*+%S

0)!!(H+#-(Z8)F#D"!(HGD)23!F'(##)9!)(0H(WB+#$BG&(K+
!1'D(24(N([9F+/+U+J&\C.Q#H(2a!(EQ0L#P0D+$('D([(WY(Gm(
[9S($)8,++#)0L'4!0B!#Z+F#P#FG&'D(Q#7(Z#PGm(FC#/!J(
84(S
u)923!!)(0H( =#%&OBD+#iDG!R
($)8,+0L[(W+#iDG!G8(A+#G.+#'dF+#iDG-(/!#(&-(&(
!5H(2W2aGoQ#P+UBDS0L[(WCA#0!FC#()+#iDC#/!J(,+FJ()F
C#/!/2iDFC#/!Q#$F[LF0Š)+M"F0Š)5H!G&&VL2}QF+7#OBD+?D
+#iDS

Cô và trẻ tham quan chùa làng.
j2J'DB&m(GU!(D)G5B%!#K#M!"Q#P27+$++)0V!#(&
0D!FC#/!2iD!#.+#FC#/!@).
u)923!+#)0L2(#%&OBD2@!GED


Cô và trẻ tham quan cánh đồng lúa.
e$++)[(W2M"G+M"!1Ž
e(2I+V"0D+M"GEDŽ
e$++)#V"+/!(K++?D+$+[$+/!8M#5#W)Ž
($)8,+0L[(WCA#0!F[(W-+$+[$+/!8MS:#(%0LC#/!G&

I(0-(+-&S
e:#(+JC#$+#2WGNQF+/Q#7(G!5H(+#)05N+F0L'|+#)#;)+/Fj2JPQ
+#)0L#J(OB;+#)#k(C#(+JC#$+#)GNQS:W#6Q!($)8,++#)0L&9#
89Z(FC#/!#E#$05N+&(!5H(F#VG!5H(G9&\S:#(+JC#$+#
>…
2W#Q#7([(WC#)D#D"+#)C#$+#FC#(+#)C#$+#Q#7(2*!#x!F2UB
#-(+E(S
#5P"F&(GE+F&(-(+/!($)+l!+J#a!($)8,+Go!($)+#)0LF!(EQ
0L=Nói lời hay, làm việc tốtRS
(H89)+#-('(##)9!)(0H(S
JfgHpBD'$5H#)DS
&#)9( 
e$++)#1Y;&5H05H!&1#+J#T![/!#)D!1Ž
e$++)#V"#T![/!#)D"#5#W)Ž
eb9)[(WF#)D+r256+G&!1TDŽ
e(2I0@!0D256+#T![/!#)D2}QŽ
ea+J#T![/!#)D2}Q+#)5H05H!#1#!!"+$++)Q#7(G&!1Ž

Cô và các trẻ đang trò chuyện về hoa (lồng GDLG)
($)8,++#$BCA#0!F"B#T!!5H(GD)23!Sb(W+#%&'J++M"
+$++)P+?D!(D21##05H!Sb(W[k0$+2E!+#mFC#/!!X#)DF8*
G$<-(+/!+3!S($)8,++#$B!(T!1K'(#&/(05H!FK'(#GNQF[(W
2)CWF!(EQ2‹[9[ŠF&(!5H(YB!OBD#FOBD#(]BGU#5P"F+#$BGNQ
/(+J#T!#J(OB;S/((WQ,+$Q8,!S
#5P"!($)8,+Go!($)&(GE+&(-(!(EQ0L=J(GH(#D"G&(K+4RF
#1###&3'4#J(OB;F##(%&(#0)!+B3+'4!#c!!"
4. Xây dựng môi trường nhóm lớp có nội dung giáo dục lễ giáo.
B40L+J256+#T!Cz%!F#J(OB;##(40LQ#7(256+!#;
#V"#1#V"#T!##23!2JS)2JF(K+9)&3&/(05H!2}QF+J3(
8B!!($)8,++D)G/+i!+U#(WS(K+!($)8,+Go!($)+#)0L0)!V+7

>~
+$+#)923!#1C(W#*++?D0L'|2U"2?#T!#J(OB;F##(%&(#
+?D0L+l!'|256++?!+4[]T!#-S
 !D"j2UB%&#+F/(2I+#E0!2W(K+9)&/(05H!+#)0L'D)+#)
#(#rDF2}Q&XFCA+##A+#58B"+#)0L2\+[(K`(0•256+3(8B!!($)8,+
]Go!($)S/(2I#(WCW&3!J+0(!N((B2]=bsN(#T!##(2}QRSa
Q#,+,+#)!J+"/(2I#5H!YB"'5BU&#D"2`(#(]BG)9(0D#7#
C#$+#DB+J3(8B!]Go!($)#;)j!#$!S#T!0D#7#Q#7(Q#)!Q#EF
2D89!F+$+#1#7#"+J#aG|FGYs8$j+$+!B"PG(KB#(#(
+$+Q#WG(KB&D!A##(W#Z+!U!l(24(N(0LS
a2$#!($#Z+'Z]C#7%!#(aB[(W#J(OB;Go!($)+?D0L/(2I
Q#4(#6Q+i!N(+/!($)+i!GNQ#5H!YB"'5BU&FQ#//+$+[*+0D#+J
3(8B!]!($)8,+Go!($)#D"2`(#;)#$!S$+#1#7#"[D)!@&
#T!##(2E!F##('D(F#T!##(G&#T!##(C#/!
G&S/("B+UB0L'B"!#t1&256+#T!#1#7#2E!F'D(S)
#T!!(H+#-(/(+i!0LY;&0D#F2&#)9(]+$+##(0)!0D#S#T!
#1#7#2E!#1/&BF#T!#1#7#'D(#1!9+#[kSa0L#Z+'Z+J+-#3(
Q#$0(a58B"#1/(#5H!YB"#D"2`(+$+#1#7#2\+[(K+$+#1#
7#2JQ#7(Q#)!Q#EFQ#7$#256++$+#)923!8(o0D0)!+B3+'4!#!
!"S:#/!+#^+#E0!)!J+=bsN(#T!##(2}QR/(25D3(8B!
")V+7+$+!J++#)Q#i#6QS/(+#E0!F2('MB0)!(K+0D!0AGNQ
#;)j!+#?2(a&S:#(0D!0AG&'D)+#)`([P+#?2(a&F+$+#1#7#Q#7(
Q#)!Q#E2D89!2aG/(+B40LS
A8, #?2(a&=#W!(N(23!PR
/(2I'5BU&F|FQ#//+$++)P#5 5-BF)(FC#^F!F.wS2a0;)
G&7!+#A#Sr+$+#$# =$++)P'4!85N(5N+RF=3!P'4!
0)!!(D21#RF=3!P'4!0)!0j!RF=/0i!RS/(+#)0LZ|F/&B
+$++)P0@(!X5-!*!N((B2]+?D#$#S
A8, #?2(a&=5N++$+#(K56!Z#(R
f•

/(2I|F'5BU&#1#7#]0%!F'D)F/!&\0H(F'ZBU#)+?D
5N+2a0;)G&7!+#A#Sr+$+#$#=b4&iD+?D[sRF=5N+0V+U+#)
[sRF=3'4#(K56!#H((WRS/(+#)0LZ|F/&B+$+#1#7#0@(!X
5-!T!N(+$+(B2]#$#S
\+[(KG!J+#(#(256+0D!0A0@!#(]B+M"+7#2a9)+#)
0L&3C#/!!(DYD#F2a&m(!"0L+J#aZ&1#+#%&'J++M"YD#F!($)
8,+0L[(W"B+$(2}QSpBD#)923!"CA+##A+#0L"BGD)23!F9)1#
+7&+?D0LN(#W!(N(Z#(F!U!l(#M&PF2I0<###J(OB;<0LS


Trẻ đang lau lá cây (Lồng GDLG).

Các bạn đang tưới cây.
a9)+7#OBD'M05H!F&m(BU+J&3!(HGD)2/!/(+#)0L#\
0$+FG$+M"0'M05H!2a9)&/(05H!'9+#2}QS

/0L2D!GD)23!0'M05H!
!D"<!J+B"0B"]+?DGNQ+J#1#7##I"*0$)2E!-(OB(
2.#F'DB&m(!(HB(B+#By[s!)DY)!F/(#5H!#X+#<F23!(
0L'DBC#(%OB\*0$+)#i!0$+2a!(TK'(#+#B!0L#Z+
#(K4F#VG'DB#)923!9)Ys8$0)!GNQC#/!+r&7#!(V",)
0-(YB4!'S

f>
Trẻ đang vứt rác bỏ đúng nơi qui định
5: Vận dụng thơ ca, truyện kể, cácbài hát có nội dung giáo dục lễ giáo vào
trong các hoạt động 
0)!OB$01#89"0LF2a29#(KBOB7+D)0)!(K+0B"]290(#*+2W
N(0L/(2I'd8,!!/!T%#+F+$+!(D(2(KBM&#9++$+#`+#*++$+
0r+#-(&3+$+#C#)D#+F'$!9)S/(CW#6Q#(#rD+$+"WB40C#/!+#^

!(EQ0LGt##3(0(#*+&+r!(EQ0LQ#$0(a!/!T&9+#G9+#-F4j
&<03!#-S
($)8,+Go!($)+#)0L&U&)C#/!Q#7(G&3#)923!0(![(KFJ
256+G@!!#sQFA+##6Q)V+7+$+#)923!0)!!"+?D0LS#A#1P"
&(K+!($)8,+Go!($)+#)0LC#/!+J&3C#B/&nB)Si")C#7%!
'Z'$!9)&+#)#(KBOB7!($)8,+C#$+#DBS)2J(K+'d8,!!/!T
%#+F!(D(2(KBM&#9+F#T!+MB+#B"KCaG0V#(W#Z+0)!OB$01#
!($)8,+Go!($)+#)0LS/(P8,!2(]B2J)GE+2J0LF#T!!(H#+F!(H
+#-(F#T!GE+0L%F0L!?S
#P0•256+2(]B2JF!D"j2UB%&#+/(2IP8,!#-+DF0B"KCa
[(#$)0)!OB$01#!($)8,+0LS!)(+$+[(#-F[(#$F+MB24+J0)!
+#5-!01#/(2I'5BU&#&#(]B$+Q#y&C#$+2a89"0LS
 :#(2J0L/(+i!0L!@(OBM"OBU[#DBF0r+#B"K]#T!
!5H(#M0)!!(D21#0LF2+#T![(#-]/!F[F+#DF&}S#5[(
=(EQ[RF=#7(GfD"RF#D"#$[(=7##5-!#DBRF=#)+)RwSS+#*
C#/!2+#-F#$]!(D)#/!#D"&3+#?2]C#$+SS
D"0)!!(H#)923!+#(]B/(+#)0LOBD'$+$+0D#]+#?2(a&
!(D)#/!#12+#-F#$+$+[(]!(D)#/!+#*C#/!#;)&32](
C#$+S
$+$+Q#y&2J/(2I$Q8,!)0)!+$+#)923!9)+#)0L'Z#5!
Q#VQ#$0(a58B"SqDB&3%&0L2I#B3+#(]B[(#-F[(#$+J3(
ff
8B!]!($)8,+Go!($)S0L+J#aQ#4(#6QN(#DB2a+#-(+$+0r+#-(F8(o
+$+<C.+#+J3(8B!]!($)8,+Go!($)S
A8, 3'4$+Q#y&&/(2I'5BU& 
8hiW
bs!)D[s[(WM!GH(
bs!)Dbs+#x!+#-([H(2MBYD
(#+0@(G9(]#
(EQbF!(EQ}OB"s##\0DB

:#(%GoQ#sQbs&H(
H(bD&H(}F&H(v!F&H(b
bsGB/!#(#N0)!Gr!
„H(+/89"8mM+U'N&#/&
/89"2(2*!2!#)!
:#/!Y/C#/!GV+#;#!2y"#DB
!@(#+[s#N#x!G5!
#MD"!D"!X+#N2j!!7!#(!
W[TD[sZYE+%
j!#D&J(+#B"K+-&%!C#XQ[
“4!5N+#NB4!jj
3(!2$#2`[s#5C#/!)
f{
/!!5H([s+#N#s)
5H(J(+#9"#7"Q#(]+#)&(!5H(
0D)2@GoQ#sQ#D(D"
D(D"2J#P2(]B#D"[sG&
(#+OBU$)!!!
J+C#/!2a04(#N&D!8sQ!("
((B2((aB2E!-(
(T+#)'9+#2}Q&(-(&(#
@+#-([s+V!!!
!%XQ'9+#'|+/+!"B#-

uuuuuuuuuuu
-jk
bs2D!PQ|
#V"C#$+#2W#
bs#)L&(K!+5H(
#$B+#)/9

$"-%
/&D"+JC#$+#2W#
#$B0D+#)b$+G9(#+#$B+#-(
f€
D(D"[5!5N++#$B&H(
0#-&kD!$b$+Y-(V&Gr!
lJe
!#;+/!(0L
bs890•!)D
/C#;bs!(k(
\![s+#(W+#/m.E
v!+#)!J([$#
bs2‹fD"
#D#&(K!J(!D"
#$BY(v!9
8nAo8
”&[5!+#s5N+
„‹D"2$#0-(
”&#PGm(0@(
/C#/!0$+#TD
p#jq!*r*s
)!!$" J‚r‚)SSS
q$!0@([s8P"PQ+#)C#k;!5H(S
$#0%!F0dD&\Y)!0@(S
•)F2WGNQB(+#-(F#+##S
3BU0@('|OBD#D#F
bs+#%&+#^#+!(#Q#(WB!)DS
v![F+#D&}#M#)DF
f•

×