BÀI TẬP MÔN HỌC THAY ĐỔI VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN TỔ CHỨC CÁC CÔNG CỤ TẠO SỰ HỢP TÁC và THAY ĐỔI

Trường Đại Học Mở Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh
Khoa Đào Tạo Sau Đại Học

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

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

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
By Clayton M.Christensen, Matt Marx and Howard H.Stevenson
 !"#$%
o 
o  !"#
&'()*
• $%&'
• '()!*
• +%
• ,)#-
./012343
Các công c56789:;<=>? Nhóm: 24
Các nhà quản lý có thể sử dụng các củ cà rốt và cây gậy
khác nhau để khuyến khích nhân viên hợp tác và thực hiện
việc thay đổi. Khả năng đạt kết quả của họ phụ thuộc vào
việc chọn lựa công cụ phù hợp với hoàn cảnh mà họ đang
đối mặt

Trang 2
Các công c56789:;<=>? Nhóm: 24

@A;5:B=CD:BEFGDHI<JAKEF:LD<A;@:AM:9::N@O
OEEF6:EPQEFGDHI>RDST:9:U<;<6>M:B:9:EF
:VS9:D>T6SCGDHAADOWN<AM:X;@:Y:6Q;<Z:[Y:6
V\SEFGDHI:O]<A:AKEF=>?Q=;^C5:;_@6
=:H\`abc:d:NTef;cgS?7:SD=CS0:AKEF:L
D<A;@:E__A5:hDA_:B:X=
iA4jjjQkDSl:B.:mAeQ>E8::XeO6:0an233o<
EF:DM:>E8:>99:>gi:Y:P<`ap>U=QQ>EAM:EV
^9:cDJ:A<YqZ=>?;iN.mD=hQSXHc:HAKEF
.m>/Ir=>?UD]:<=<:pCs:>N<:9:>THAe_>pDE;<
EV@D:Ot:B:X=rA<8::9:HuAA_Q:0=CD?:Y:>g:O
6Q;<leDM:Hv:Y::w4x9DS]AGD=Rg>6
D=hUO:y;R7ce6c?C:Bl<X>gSX<A:U;h8
9:;_D>E8:1>U=<AM=hD:pD:Bc:H:9::Cf:=>?WT>6>E8:789:
>NQ:9:<GDHIH>E:9::X:5S9:DQ:z6ESD=CS0:<:0Q
:9:e<9eTD>M;hQ:EV^DcD=@Q;<{A:0<>KAM:9:YS9
D=h:LpDC\<GDHIi7::N>p=>B:9::X:589:QE
:JXc=rK:NTSXeC:]::]Z|5:X:5<@DGDH:BAM
:X:5L=DM:;<^^?:Y:e<;C<=Q|5AMOIEPv “Do
Lunch or Be Lunch”,:B};;<l=DSSQ:JXH0::9:>T
:K:X:5L8;<E;c::9:<GDHI>70=>?
+,-./+0123435,.6-78,-/9,6:/
%DRDiAGD9:9::9:Y:GDHI<:X;<ce6Q:JX>g{c=r
eE_:>pDhecS~9SC=>?<<>99AY:>M>/D{?:Y:
:H:RD_6RD>pDh<AY:>MA<AKEF>/I;R\^KADO•
:9:SCGDHA<K^ASCAv7A:BK@€9f;<:9:EDh:B
K€;<:9A<K•<>9>?>T>6>E8:SCGDH9:U;h6::z6Q

KhSC;_D‚DGDA5:hD:D•OfHuAA9=0>Te<D=h
;ƒ:NAMOU;hDM:EF86@Q>RD<=>g6;iN:X=RDY
<AY:>MA<AKEF>/I;RGD=D{UGDH•\<>MZƒ>CSCGDH
EA>8„AKEF:NAM7TDeC:D;RGD=D{UGDHQ:NZKZ>/I
;R:9:GD9^<:p7:@…AMhSCA<t<<SX:N6.mSl:O
]eC>?:X=
†{>/D{‡AXH:9::RD<=5:D:c=bD{:B:9:<;h:B
AM?:Y:;R\^KADO€5:<:c=bD{:BK;<GD=D{UGDH
U;h:9:?:Y:rAN:pE0heh9=;K;R\^KZ
D>E8:v?:Y:QAs:LAˆU;h:NT:N:9^S9:D;R\<>M:p
7:@>T<<\=;K>N:>gV;<^DO<=iA4jjoQS
:>>KP<†:|?‡:0GD>NAKEFZ|5A9=0:BK
KEF:X=AADO:LAM>RD<eH;@7Of<A9=0>Te<
:B:QEe>pD:Nc07>/D{;R;@:<A>RD>NEC<
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Các công c56789:;<=>? Nhóm: 24
RD:X=|5<pD>M:{;<:9::XU:X><Q^E8:6QrAPN:
pE0E_ehH\U;h<=:NT:N:J^:HA>O;_:9:A5:hD
:B:X=E•<<AB5:GD=>fCDK:r\<>M>NZ6
h:9:SCGDHA>8
‰N:pEehH0h<:9::X=:NU;h>/I;R\^KADO;<<A
C<>T>6>E8:>RDKADO7>/D{t<P:H:RD<A:R;iN:B
\?:Y:<=S9:7A6AZ7=>?•U;hN:D<[;_\^K
:N>E8:;<>/IA6AZ;R:9:<AC<>TD=^D=h6
DO:L<N:pE0E_eh9:BA{>/D{QVA<\EFA
SX>/I;R\^KADOs:;R:9:Y:A<NA:BK6>MEC
<9::DM::CUM:hC:B;Le9>HŠSAK:;@:CD7
>/D{JXZP6^DO<=P:9::EVD
WRDGDK:pEDIrSX:N‹;f0Oc‡::9:AADO:B<GDHI
A{>/D{WT:K:X:5L8:;@:SD=CS0:U;h89:Q

:9:<GDHIH>99>E8:?:Y::BK>>YP;f0<9::X:5A<<A
::9:U;hAMN:E89:;_AM:EV^=>?Q:NTSXL 8
;_:9:U;hAMN:ES9:h7:CQecS~^DO<>g>R:{QpD
C:9::X:5>E>T6789:SX:N9:5
-7;<,6=35,.6-78,>?,.-@A6+2
Một nhà quản lý khôn ngoan trong một môi trường có sự đồng thuận thấp sẽ không đồng ý đứng
đầu một chương trình cải cách nếu không có sự trao quyền sử dụng các công cụ quyền lực thích
hợp
9::X:5:789::NT:<eO6:0•GD=R7:QGDHIQSHig
>6Q;<;iN^‹ŠO6:X:589:Q‹:JX>gSC8v6:X:5
;_AMN:EA{>/D{S_SXH<:O>fQ:9:;L
MV:NT::9:<GDHISHi9>9:9::X:5<:NSHi6@D
GDH:9:^DOS9:D
+22B,.2CD7;E,FG2•„:9:<;h:BAM?:Y:0c0P:H:RD:BA{
>/D{Q:X:5D=cA<Z6789:<‹:X:5GD=R7:‹E@Qe]
eDX:Q:EŒ:CQ;<>KD=h9lŠnQg>6:BAEDO:DM:
C6Q>g]A:X:5GD=R7:AM:9:@DGDH•{8:9:NAUM:
S9:DQ>O{D:B;Le9>HŠS<AMGDO:RD=0E8Ž;<
X9eTDrQ‹XSXGDUA‚Ae6:N>/I;_X=SXs:>/Iƒ
D;R\^e6ADO:DM:O=<AC<>T:N>E8:N\^XADO
<>Te6^‚DOLJ<=;<89:‹9:C:{:BX:N@DGDHQ;<:9:GDO:
;LŠSO[e^EV>ORD{S•
WU=SXH<>R‚DcQchQ:9:<GDHIAJ>C;i[ES:9:
[e?:Y:SXT>/I;R\^KADOs:<A\^Q:9::X:5GD=R
7:<\:9D=c:NT|5lAkAQ@<9A>O:>RD<:B
l.Q|5\:X:5<=GD9^9{U<;_:X=:B
XE_:>U=QŠSa{Y:rREV>g;E8SbpASTA9•EP[
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Các công c56789:;<=>? Nhóm: 24
U7:BŠSa>E8:HV‘o333333’QkA>gsvEFGDHIXe9

:KeCrK>g>E8:HEVGD9:;<>g:]HA<iASHREVv23“
>Co3“•=C;XO:9:@O#:B:X=erAM@OD=cQ;<X>
KrZ7A^GD=C>fc:HCD:9:U;h#SX:NecS~GD=C>f<
9DDp•XSŽ<iA@;v;<bA<SX:NRDEFeC_v
9:‹T;K‹:BU<>pDE>T:9:U<EVA6:N:VM>T<A
;@:;_KkA:d9:cDJ:@OSTA9>T:9:<GDHI:9::9
f:”QEF>g{>E8:REPc7h:whDS<HC:c;<:9:
HuAS9:QeU=FefAc;@:>6:whDc
JX>g{8:H•:X:5p^e<=1EVE8Q{SC6::CE8:
;<SD=CS0:<:01>T6>TAc9::X:5<=Z:w\D@DS:NAM7
>/D{bh:H:RD:BA{AXEF:N7ec>/1EP;L
DWXs:\:DM:>5>M?C\g<SX`;<:X><
\EF8A9=1EVE8N:DSXA6SCGDHMEFg>6:N
T|5SC6::CE8:>T‚9:>fVA<?:Y:Z>CQESCD7>/
D{h:H:RDA{QeHU:CE8:ZSX6<;89:Q>RD:pC
>T>>CV?:Y::p
–<|5:9:SD=CS0:<:01HEP:U;h>TK7:@\>RDA<
<GDHIADO1:NT:N9:5E8:AXEF>/D{c–05Q‚A‚Ž
EF8@O95:42iAQrAPN:E_9:BA{>/D{9:9;hQ
EFHDCQ:9:<GDHIQ:AqQK:;<:9:<:0fSX>/D{;R:9:
;c>REDh;<ec>/AM:9:GD=C@;R:9:Y::HCpDC:9::EV^
EP……<0:>gce6;@:6=>?:9:EFK:Q;^:X:5
SD=CS0:<:0SXT|5EF8<=
9::X:5GD=R7::NT:7:S~@DGDH:9:AXEF>/D{c–c>R:0<:N
GD=R7:>T|5:JwH:9:<GDHIc=KE>^^;LŠSQ
SX:NGD=R7:>T|5:X:5D=c6789:^^>NCD:9:<GDHI
>E8:=hD:pDGDHINA79†b‡s:†E8E‡QVA<[D<:9:U;hAUD
Du;_:9:A5:hD:B79Q:>EFƒ>C<:XZPhSNSiOEEF
8AM:ZSXeF<<:X;@:A<SX:N>p=>B:9::X:5:pCM>/
RQAMEFGDHISXM<GDHISXAMAXEF:N7>/

D{cZSX>/I>Y>pDAM:EV^:H:9:CDSX:N7GD=R|
5:9::X:5GD=R7:0:8
+22B,.2CD7H,FIJ9::X:56789:A<>RDST7=>?N:E_
H:BA{>/D{^{D;<7O8;<:9:GD=^9:†:X:5GDH
I‡<=e/ADcD=@Q:9:GD=^6>MhD:DuQ;<@O>EFWT:9:
:X:56>M\D@DQ:9:<;hNA:pH>/I;RGD=D{UGDHE
SXcCH>/I;R:9A<KADOv7A:BK?:Y:
–05QPRDGDO:Q:9:IA<:9::XUDM::X><><AS9:;_:9:I
A<:9:<GDHIAS:c:<A;@:ECD:HNA>/I;R:9:GD=^
H‚Dcc>fZ6:9:HuA:N:cE8m:0EA5:hD>RQKZDU
B:9:GD=^<=
@O>EF:d:NT6789::9:EF8EC{S•
>pD:B#QE_:>8D{MehC<hD:Du>T>99SHi8–<
{h4j—3QHuAk:B:X=Q68D{M:{h4jx3ef
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Các công c56789:;<=>? Nhóm: 24
:EF;P:9:>OB{eH{D;<:9:E_:>>E8::cD{1;<{A:0
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D?:Y:>g89::D=T7{DH‚DcvkeM;‚|IQA<>gP
<HuAA68D{:
+22B,.2CFK,-3:LJ9::X:5\D0:N:h9:BA{>/D{:NSD=
E_E_;RSCGDHV<GD9^\†:X:5g>6‡EC:NT678
9:;_>RDS@:N7>/D{;R;@:=>?<L8;_IA<U;h<A;@:
?:Y:1{A:0S>/D{<c>O;_:9:Y:>>C7=>?9:<g
>6D=0>E8:S0KePU;hQ;05QEFSX:wuAM:9::5T:9:Y:
<AEC<=;<>NQK:w>M;hU;h†g=><;<7:@>RD
>N‡9:<GDHISbEF|5:X:5<=AM:9:@DGDH
Š>g|5:X:5g>6QA<:JK<pA^QD=heO:BX;R
<NB=RD#iA4jjoQ>gJ:9:U;h:^c=r>TD=^
7Of:B:X=R:X@pARA•<:9KADO’:pHv{

AM:9:A6AZrC_˜˜˜e”ZP<AMp:B;@:|5
A9=0V<p5D>NA_>C:9:Y5pARAA9=0>:NEDCM
7v{A<>E8:6pDCRAUD]::B:9:U;h
7>9HA6AZ:BNA#`‚:B:X=>g<Ah@:;<A6
::Vj3“fp;R^D=@WOAs;_7:6SO:@:B
v:DOiA233oQ>g|56S™D{<=D=heO:BA^E<†<N:9:
f:;5‡QE_>C;@::D=T>?vSpARA>NNS:9:
pARA6:Dh
\<>MEVE>E8:‚A<D=R:HAY;<:NpA^‚:9:U;h
N:h9:BA{Q6>E8:‚A<7g>6AFVeP:9:U;hPN:0
ehE_WO;_:9:D=heOA0pA^QS:9:<;h:BAMNA>/I;R
\^KADO>6>E8:Q\D=heOL8;_V?:Y::p>>C:NT>E8:‚A
<D=RiE8;<:HAYECDU;hSX>/I;R\^KADOQ:9:
D=heOA0pA^ZSXˆ8RD;@:=>?<;:BK…<;@:
A676:h:B{T
+22B,.2CM,-N?
Sự đồng thuận sâu sắc về các vấn đề ưu tiên, và về những hành động nào cho phép công ty đạt
được những vấn đề ưu tiên đó, là bản chất của nền văn hóa mạnh
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>MJ:X=>6>E8::9:;c>REDhQ<>RD:Ot:BAMR;iNA6AZE
`:•#’>g;C:DOVăn hóa tổ chức và sự lãnh đạoQ;iN<‹AM6:B
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Các công c56789:;<=>? Nhóm: 24

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EY:A6<=c:NT<A:?:Y:S9:767=>?AM:9:A6AZ€:9:
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:9K<EV9.DM:>5>M?C:Be<;_:9:U;h.;<M>/
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GDHmiền nơi các nhân viên tồn tại…–<:9:R;iNA6Q:9::X:5N:
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\9:Y:h:BN–f0:B:X=:NTH9N>P;f0<
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>E8:\SNSiE_:A];<^c=D:pD>O=>?:CE8:er•:9:Y::5
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Các công c56789:;<=>? Nhóm: 24
TE_:hQXc=7‚Dc@:9:<H‚DcA9=0:0cQE<kQ>
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X>gF:X=iA4jj•M>/GDHf:BD>N>g:w>f:Q
EPeM{S:UD•D><:X:B:X=Q<A`a:dc=
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P6EF9{QvefHE_:>U=Q;leE`a6AF–R:VeHQ
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HuA::cQ96QCSC>qE:;<.@=Q>OfR
:X@S™D{OD=hCD>g:NecS~:X:5<>T|5R;iN
A6AZrA6789:>rDE_>A_A<:D=h>9Q:NZ>gs
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><:XE_:SNe]>pDV;<SBHK:NT|5:X:5phân chia
…79:F?:Y:<RD>V;fWRD<=:Ž<GDHIP>V;fA_‚U=77
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5:9TP>V;fO:
–@:U:>E8:7:@er:9:6ebD:pD89:\:9:NA:N\A5:
>0:>O{WU=<:9:A<.<:X;@:SA9=DA7:>‚DO
O:{A:0S:X;@:SA9=;_RDA>9>6.
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C{>V;fA9=D6–:D;Q˜EV7Q#Š;ƒA6š;7:
A9=0RDiAS:9:>OBA9=0_;<bce6QeP;^N|5
:X:5U:„A9=0Ae]>pD>9>?A9=0_Q#Š>gC{AM>V;f

She@6:QQ>T{D;<A9=0AQ6A9=A<H
>E8:CSCQ‚U=7;<SAX^SCcS9:e@;_6A9=0
Trang 8
Các công c56789:;<=>? Nhóm: 24
_„A9=0:9Ue]>pD=CA9=0AQ#Š6U:p\QC{P
Š:QœQAM>V;f>M:{S9:>T9TAX^SA9=0:9U
CDeg>6#Š>gSX:O]D=C5:<GDHI;<U;h:B:X=S
A9=0e>pDO8;_D;R:CE8:QAX^SC;<;iN>T<
:X>/F:9:š;7:A9=0_QA9=0A;<A9=0:9UQ:NZ:X=
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S02-T2B,.2C-@A6+26:/-K,.-,.Q-B,.L,6/,U,6?F
Một trong những kĩ năng quản lý hiếm nhất chính là khả năng am hiểu công cụ nào sẽ có hiệu
quả cho một tình huống – và không lãng phí năng lực hoặc tin tưởng một cách rủi ro vào việc sử
dụng các công cụ không mang lại hiệu quả.
CASAKU;h?:Y:P:L6AM;f0A{>/D{;<AMF
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eM{e9<;<CSC96:NTP0heh9Q:LTDeC;R\^
GDKSSX•<DU:9:hD:Du;<C^@DGDHPpE0
E_9„XA=<pDC:9:<GDHf6:NeM:X:5_6;<>N:w:NT
GDHI<:XAMO^DOc>fM\SšiGDHICA
c:0<SHiATD:X:5<Z:N@DGDH:AM^DO1;<SXg
0i7:s:AM:9:B;<;@:|5:9::X:5SXA6@DGDH
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ŠD<`aY43:Bg<=43iAQC5:;@:>RD<6U=\
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:BF>RfYc<<AGD=R`a<S;f`a@6;]AsŸ9Q

;<F>RfY<S;f>NGD=C>fv:Y:s:LM>/GDHf>99:
ŠDQEKr:9:D=c5:/6SHi8<XGD;@::]
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<e@9:YDD=ŠDeCXSXT<A^>E8:A<SX:NGD=R<L8
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DU:DOE_ƒGD9<=sQX:>OAMOE8_:9::DOE_ƒ>NP
SD;7:>{D
<:C]\:DM::C>pDh;_:9:7:E8:Y>pDQŠD>g:N
>E8:<:Xe>pD;<e]>pD:D=T:X=vpE0E_9>C0hH
„:X=e]>pD/5:QŠDe]>pD|5:X:5g>6D=ROVQe
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Các công c56789:;<=>? Nhóm: 24
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:HC8D{44GDIR;<{>E8:2Hlk.};<: ŠD<
\iA:DO:L:B7@;<;@:|5:9::X:5pE0heh
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77:K>JF>TA:BŠD;R\:X:5<cAEV:l:S˜::B`Q
EFe]>pD:X;@:PDl:SQ>g|5:9::X:5GD=R7:S:X=><
AM{8:BRD:X;@:S;_:9:;iNQB5:6>M;<7A>8
>O;_7iEP;<SHi8cS9:DEX>g>fE_::X=Z

;EVh;f0Ycs:YAˆš;7:S:BA^Q`>g:D=hv
N:pE0E_90hHQ;<˜:>g:D=T7{D:BA^
:9:6>M:B:O;iNQDcD=@::9:GDHf;hT;KPSD;
:B:X=
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KS\A5:>0::D;<GD@AOc;R:9:Y:>6>E8:>CA5:
hD<L8;_\|9::B:X=Q=„;<l=#AAHC5:
<:Xer:9::X:5O8>g:KSKA_>CD=hQCD:N7
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;iNA6\
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GD=R7:rAƒ]789::>EFA_•>g>OAs;_\9:Y:;R
;iN:NTA6RDSNSiVSBHA<>gs
ŠDQ˜:;<>gsA=SeHi:9:X:K:X:5>JP>JF
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Các công c56789:;<=>? Nhóm: 24
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Các công c56789:;<=>? Nhóm: 24
:5S9:1EEVE8:;<:9:SD=CS0:<:01E:9::X:5<=:w
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