phuong phap 3-multiple choice test

HUE UNIVERSITY
HUE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
METHODOLOGY 3
METHODOLOGY 3


Instructor Group members:
Instructor Group members:


Le Pham Hoai Huong Nguyen Duong To Uyen
Le Pham Hoai Huong Nguyen Duong To Uyen


Hoang Thi Ha
Hoang Thi Ha


Do Van De
Do Van De


CONTENT

CONTENT


A. Introduction
A. Introduction
B. Body
B. Body
I.
I.
The definition of multiple choice test
The definition of multiple choice test
II.
II.
Classification
Classification
III.
III.
The structure
The structure
IV.
IV.
Some rules for writing a multiple choice
Some rules for writing a multiple choice
question
question
V.
V.
Some instructions for writing a good multiple
Some instructions for writing a good multiple
choice test

choice test
VI.
VI.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages and disadvantages


C. Conclusion
C. Conclusion

A. Introduction
A. Introduction

B. Body
B. Body


I. The definition of Multiple Choices
I. The definition of Multiple Choices
Test
Test
What is a Multiple Choice Test ?
What is a Multiple Choice Test ?
…
…
is a very flexible
is a very flexible
assessment format that can be
assessment format that can be
used to measure knowledge,

used to measure knowledge,
skills, abilities, values, thinking
skills, abilities, values, thinking
skills, etc.
skills, etc.

Why?
Why?
“
“
efficient and effective way to assess a
efficient and effective way to assess a
wide range of knowledge, skills, attitudes
wide range of knowledge, skills, attitudes
and abilities” ( Haladyna, 1999).
and abilities” ( Haladyna, 1999).

Characteristics of multiple choice test
Appropriate for all levels of cognitive ability
Objective
Useful for automated scoring
Useful for item analysis, internal and over time

II. Classification of items
II. Classification of items

Types of items
An incomplete statement
followed by several
answer choices

A question followed by
Several answer choices

♦
♦
An incomplete statement followed
An incomplete statement followed
by several answer choices
by several answer choices
Ex:
Ex:
The first president of the United States, ___ ,
The first president of the United States, ___ ,
was known as the “ Father of his country”
was known as the “ Father of his country”
A.
A.
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson
B.
B.
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln
C.
C.
George Washington
George Washington
D.
D.
Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt
►
►
A
A

♦
♦
A question followed by several
A question followed by several
answer choices
answer choices
Ex:
Ex:
In the following countries, what is in South
In the following countries, what is in South
America:
America:
A.
A.
Russia
Russia
B.
B.
Argentina
Argentina
C.
C.
Mexico
Mexico

D.
D.
Japan
Japan
►
►
B
B

III. The structure of a multiple
III. The structure of a multiple
choice question
choice question






2. option
3. key
1. stem



1. Stem:
1. Stem:
…
…
is a question or an

is a question or an
incomplete statement, which
incomplete statement, which
presents the problem. The stem of
presents the problem. The stem of
a MCQ may be presented either as
a MCQ may be presented either as
a question or as an incomplete
a question or as an incomplete
statement.
statement.



2. Options (distractors):
2. Options (distractors):
- the answer choices or options,
- the answer choices or options,
referred to as distractors, given to
referred to as distractors, given to
provide possible solutions to the
provide possible solutions to the
problem. They function to distract
problem. They function to distract
those individuals who are uncertain of
those individuals who are uncertain of
the answer. Typically, there are four
the answer. Typically, there are four
options, that consist of:
options, that consist of:

a. One correct answer (the key), and,
a. One correct answer (the key), and,
b. Three distractors.
b. Three distractors.

3. Key :
3. Key :
Is the correct or best answer.
Is the correct or best answer.

IV. Some rules for writing multiple
IV. Some rules for writing multiple
choice question
choice question



1. Rules for developing the stem:
1. Rules for developing the stem:


♦
♦


Present a single, clearly formulated problem in the stem of
Present a single, clearly formulated problem in the stem of
the item.
the item.
♦

♦
State the stem of the item in simple, clear language.
State the stem of the item in simple, clear language.
♦
♦
Put as much of the wording as possible in the stem of the
Put as much of the wording as possible in the stem of the
item.
item.
Poor:
Poor:
In objective testing, the term objective:
In objective testing, the term objective:
A. refers to the method of identifying the learning outcomes.
A. refers to the method of identifying the learning outcomes.
B. refers to the method of presenting the problem.
B. refers to the method of presenting the problem.
C. refers to the method of selecting the test content
C. refers to the method of selecting the test content
►
►
D. refers to the method of scoring the answers.
D. refers to the method of scoring the answers.
Better:
Better:
In objective testing, the term objective refers to the method of:
In objective testing, the term objective refers to the method of:
A. identifying the learning outcomes
A. identifying the learning outcomes
B. presenting the problem

B. presenting the problem
C. selecting the test content
C. selecting the test content
►
►
D. scoring the answers.
D. scoring the answers.



♦
♦


State the stem of the item in positive form, wherever
State the stem of the item in positive form, wherever
possible.
possible.
Avoid using negatives such as NO, NOT, and EXCEPT. If
Avoid using negatives such as NO, NOT, and EXCEPT. If
you must use a negative word, write it in capital letters and
you must use a negative word, write it in capital letters and
underline it so that the test-taker will not miss it.
underline it so that the test-taker will not miss it.
♦
♦
Make certain that the intended answer is correct or
Make certain that the intended answer is correct or
clearly best.
clearly best.

2. Rules for developing the options:
2. Rules for developing the options:


♦
♦
Avoid giving clues in the correct answer by providing common
Avoid giving clues in the correct answer by providing common
verbal associations to words that are in the stem.
verbal associations to words that are in the stem.
Poor:
Poor:
What is the best way to locate a lawyer for assistance?
What is the best way to locate a lawyer for assistance?
►
►
A. Contact a lawyer referral service.
A. Contact a lawyer referral service.
B. Contact a police officer.
B. Contact a police officer.
C. Look for an ad in the newspaper.
C. Look for an ad in the newspaper.
D. Wait until you go to jail.
D. Wait until you go to jail.
Better:
Better:
What is the best way to locate a lawyer for assistance?
What is the best way to locate a lawyer for assistance?
A. Ask a police officer.

A. Ask a police officer.
B. Call a bail bonding agency.
B. Call a bail bonding agency.
►
►
C. Contact a legal referral service.
C. Contact a legal referral service.
D. Look for an ad in the phone book.
D. Look for an ad in the phone book.



♦
♦


Vary the relative length of the correct answer to eliminate
Vary the relative length of the correct answer to eliminate
length as a clue
length as a clue


♦
♦


Use the option "none of the above " only when the keyed
Use the option "none of the above " only when the keyed
answer can be classified unequivocally as correct or incorrect
answer can be classified unequivocally as correct or incorrect

♦
♦


Avoid the use of "all of the above ".
Avoid the use of "all of the above ".
Poor
Poor
: Which of the following factors must be considered in
: Which of the following factors must be considered in
computing basal energy requirements?
computing basal energy requirements?
A. age
A. age
B. height
B. height
C. weight
C. weight
►
►
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
Better:
Better:
Which of the following factors must be considered in
Which of the following factors must be considered in
computing basal energy requirements:
computing basal energy requirements:

A. age only
A. age only
B. weight only
B. weight only
C. height and weight only
C. height and weight only


►
►
D. age, height, and weight
D. age, height, and weight

V. Some instructions for writing a
V. Some instructions for writing a
good multiple choice test
good multiple choice test



♦
♦
Write questions for the exam daily after
Write questions for the exam daily after
class. This avoids cramming to get the
class. This avoids cramming to get the
exam written the night before the test.
exam written the night before the test.

♦
♦


Define the topic for the stem for each of
Define the topic for the stem for each of
the multiple choice exam questions. Be sure
the multiple choice exam questions. Be sure
to address only one point per question.
to address only one point per question.


♦
♦


Construct the stem of the question first.
Construct the stem of the question first.
Decide if you want to use a direct question
Decide if you want to use a direct question
format or the incomplete statement format.
format or the incomplete statement format.
Or vary between the two as needed
Or vary between the two as needed



♦
♦

Make your questions concise. Avoid
Make your questions concise. Avoid
unnecessary wording. Do not use negatives
unnecessary wording. Do not use negatives
in your stem wording.
in your stem wording.
♦
♦


Answer your stem with the correct
Answer your stem with the correct
answer first. Then write the distractors
answer first. Then write the distractors
(options that include three or four wrong
(options that include three or four wrong
answers). Place the correct answer in
answers). Place the correct answer in
random places.
random places.


♦
♦


Choose only four total responses the
Choose only four total responses the
correct one and three distractors. More

correct one and three distractors. More
than four gives seems to confuse the
than four gives seems to confuse the
students while less than four makes it too
students while less than four makes it too
easy to guess the correct multiple choice
easy to guess the correct multiple choice
answer.
answer.



♦
♦
Check your answers. All of the answers,
Check your answers. All of the answers,
including the correct one, should be about the
including the correct one, should be about the
same length. They should also avoid using such
same length. They should also avoid using such
terms as "all of the above," "none of the above"
terms as "all of the above," "none of the above"
and other inclusive terms
and other inclusive terms
♦
♦


Confer with one of your colleagues after
Confer with one of your colleagues after

writing your multiple choice exam and ask this
writing your multiple choice exam and ask this
person to criticize the exam for you. You can
person to criticize the exam for you. You can
also ask a former trusted student to do this test
also ask a former trusted student to do this test
for you.
for you.






VI
VI
.
.


Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages and Disadvantages