Tiểu luận môn Điện toán lưới và đám mây TÌM HIỂU ĐIỆN TOÁN LƯỚI-GRID COMPUTING

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN
ωω o0o ωω
BÀI THU HOẠCH MÔN HỌC
ĐIỆN TOÁN LƯỚI VÀ ĐÁM MÂY
ĐIỆN TOÁN LƯỚI VÀ ĐÁM MÂY
TÌM HIỂU ĐIỆN TOÁN LƯỚI-GRID
TÌM HIỂU ĐIỆN TOÁN LƯỚI-GRID
COMPUTING
COMPUTING
GVHD : PGS.TS. Nguyễn Phi Khứ
HVTH : Phạm Xuân Bình
MSHV : CH1301006
LỚP : CH08
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Mục lục
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I. Điện toán lưới
1. Khái niệm:
 !"#
$%& '($#)#*(+,- ./)0123
4(# '5#*46%+#7869:7;<
6=2>4)?582 @ 8#A+6
B @(6%C)2DE#F.GH @=;
• <?6I)8J
- K2"/A% '/3(6%L),$;@%#
% '69-*#-L),/*(I#+
/MN *MN/;K3$
)L A#4(*#*)$L)+#'O) 
LP#:7 ';
- Q:7#NR@S(7;(6%T 

"'N#ML(7(!)L A#4(*I
)6N"69-L *U/A# T4 ';
- <N '5#*46%+#7;:7%
 '(!4*+#7#=N46%/'L
(A#769(N4@1)$/A%
*/! '(!(N5N869-;V7W')
%(!/)08//A%)=IXM
/)08Y(I#+4'
2. Các loại tài nguyên
a) Tài nguyên tính toán
<  'MA4/Z@EW .G(6%4
S#T:,8A+;K#T:,/35)-2!
2(/A[ 5*/;
K2\(!/ '@8J
\
]K(I)4 N72'.8 #P '
 @7;
]^A/AN73#5'_(!2!"
'*T:,/;
]K N7"*5'*./;
b) Tài nguyên lưu trữ
^ 'MANP '6B;VHA+69
46%6B7#7#"N7';^
 '6B2!=M(>N?A+6B/;`=
69-(!6BB9N7/A+6B
2!(6%:7(!0/36B04/)0#
())@W$ 8B;
c) Phương tiện liên lạc
a)0'B @!2(b[3S
'"(2( c 'Ld;e( &#'

(MBB5#WAB#=';V
3#(fg6%B=6B 69/3h' 
("3#;a)0#*03B69%6#$ 
 '.)6S(A/)08;
iWA#='(6%"3Lj..;2!:7
/Aj..(!'B.;iP/A /3(69
 *'003 $j..;K(69 *"f(3/5
A(!)L AI#4(*#*6g# *B=;
d) Phần mềm ứng dụng
2!(6%(?5*2!Lk(!'4)d @
;K5* l5(6%'.;^3L/
3#5(A[2_:B(A.(b(6%(?5*#"
;< 2!)(!WA/#*)L *5*;
m
e) Các thiết bị đặc biệt
nA+-/d/o$6/#p#d)AE.G
OKA+ 8 A$B/d7#76=@T:
, ;
[JK ''( (AY*&/2!/3L *L),
8MN8(I#+2!*MNS*I/;V
 '2!(6%:7"//(6%:76=B4
(+;K '(6%C)2DE#F.G(!.4"N(h(6
P4(I)#* ''6=k869-
 '/4;
3. Phân loại các hệ thống Grid
K3KW2!(6%:7.*/(!)L A
 '5N7;^369(6%S/!8N75)
L A;K2\6P 6=( ;^ '/32=q
B#"A)69"/A% *
/;

a) Grid tính toán (Computation Grid)
n $8 A##:70"@;e 5
=. @ 2 @E.G20"T:,@4
=;rPN"#7@=*3#g"
'.8;i#7@_)4
(/!9T:,#0/)0$7;^369
_/B5T:,5g(2(A
.';VH._"T:,B#)/AL)#*(!
 M%#Pp/AL)769-;
b) Grid dữ liệu (Data Grid)
e( /36B ';VsB+6B#
4/)0 $B*MN/;t69-/35A
T#+B/#=B;
u
KISB(?ISB'%(2#fLd
sB4/2*&B#T45/A%3WY
&B ;KsB2!(6%:7>#"/B
EG?6I3;^69% /3
l2v. ISBB8MN5$%;e
( 2!)/A%BsB#^;
c) Scavenging Grid
VQ#.69(6%-#=6%= @(!;K 
@69(6%/!(+/Z(!T./T:,# '/)H
(!"#7;K88 (!692L *T(+/
PA 8P;
4. Kiến trúc Grid
a) Bản chất
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/L 'BMN)(fg)2/A[
=/A[;aA[6=( (6%T ""'LC(!

iw(L)(fg)A$(6%L#=4/Z(I#+
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E.. G5)(6%$)L A;^369C'/A
(D(&>#=#:7;s(2/A[_/A[
#=T(+IA*)(!69-#4
 '6I6%A$L),#/L ';
aA[)/A["R6=S(!pS'/A(
2@/) !E G;KR_[(+>.#.
R9(22!T ".#.4Ip;Q/2(6%
/A[#WA.T "xyj#Qsa(!437
5A(!!N7 '*;QS>#4(*C'/A(D
(6%T.#4(*I)#PL2!)(6%A$B
'/#*B369/#**)3
B369$POtA/322#'iw_"
z
6I#/3khIA:7#' _
S(6%#'/;<* /A#$iw(
/3!"?cl$(6%iw./!(23;
b) Chi tiết
Q5{0$'N!@o/!
3(b2B4(/!#*/A[;VB/A
[(6%4$*4(6%(6Sj|.;^.j|./A[
/A[56P'6=K552
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(6%5".#f8[;< /A[S;
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• ^5‚..
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"xyj#QsahH%#6I6%/S.q(*
ƒ
/!@#)('Y ''
;`)(?85‚.._dN08
5|(! $#(*/! '7;
K5‚..$# ''/3L
(A7#($ ';
K5‚..(6%6J
]K3W
Q:7(!$3W#*4[# '#764P
):7O
]KL),
Sử dụng để thượng lượng truy xuất đến một tài nguyên chia sẻ, xác định rõ, ví
dụ, các yêu cầu về tài nguyên (bao gồm luôn việc giữ chỗ tài nguyên và chất
lượng dịch vụ) và các thao tác cần được thực hiện như tạo tiến trình, hoặc truy
xuất dữ liệu. Do các protocol quản lý chịu trách nhiệm đại diện cho các quan hệ
chia sẻ, đảm bảo các hoạt động sử dụng tài nguyên phải phù hợp với các chính
sách chia sẻ tài nguyên, bao gồm luôn việc tính toán và chi trả chi phí. Mỗi
protocol cũng nên hỗ trợ việc theo dõi trạng thái và điều khiển các hoạt
động.Với những yêu cầu như vậy, tập các protocol tầng Resource (và
Connectivity) nên nhỏ gọn và tập trung. Các protocol này chỉ nên đáp ứng được
các cơ chế chia sẻ với nhiều loại tài nguyên khác nhau (ví dụ, các hệ thống quản
lý tài nguyên cục bộ khác nhau) là đủ.Các chức năng chính của tầng Resource
cũng giống như của tầng Fabric cộng thêm nhiều ngữ nghĩa mới với cơ chế báo

lỗi tin cậy khi hoạt động không thành công.
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N+#7xyjQsa/3'(A4/Z '7!"
L),7$#B$ ';Tầng
Collective có thể bổ sung thêm nhiều loại hoạt động chia sẻ mới ngoài những gì
„
đã có từ tầng Resource mà không cần bổ sung thêm các yêu cầu mới cho các tài
nguyên đang được chia sẻ;KN085K.W#.2!(6%(?6
.#.E#=6ING 6QsaE#=xyj6ING
(6%A/A(!'/A#=N7;^)69%(? 2!
(6%T "'#xyj85‚..#K.W# ;
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#7($H#75*v.N3WY58.2
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]n4 3WN"E5K.W# G;
]^ #43W#7(!U '%##+
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c) Kiến trúc trong thực tế
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 'L), $/36B(0/,#U/A3W)$#
/8…Q6(?6=#(M 'OK+#7 
"Y6%@N#(8 'h4
6I(! $ ';
]^5•.].#.V.€.EK.W#.G

^$7S5K.V.€.(!4+#72N(Y
6%I;^5 &369!5*37$
P../.$+O
]^5xW#yExWG
65xW/A[ML;
5. Đồ hình Grid (Grid Topology)
2!(6%T ".*/†/Y2# @(?
f(A02 @MN./!4)
/kA=;<&P(I)4Q.l& @(&
4S-#+;<N8(&P6IN#=6%MN
##*(+,;
G Q.
Một SimpleGrid chỉ bao gồm vài máy tính, tất cả đều có cùng kiến trúc phần
cứng, chạy cùng một hệ điều hành, kết nối vào mạng cục bộ. Dạng Grid này sử
dụng các hệ thống đồng nhất nên ít phức tạp, thường chỉ dùng để thử
nghiệm, làm quen với các phần mềm Grid. Các máy tính thuộc một phòng ban
trong tổ chức nên việc sử dụng chúng cho Grid không cần các chính sách đặc
biệt về quản lý cũng như bảo mật. Các máy tính chạy cùng hệ điều hành, cùng
kiến trúc phần cứng nên việc chọn các phần mềm ứng dụng khá đơn giản, dễ
dàng. Đồ hình này khiến người ta liên tưởng đến các cluster hơn là Grid.
G j
VSI[#=Q.j;n[ T4

/3(&4* '=;Q:7-
)$:7(!/A(?@L
d8(&P ;r52.$+;iv.2!
:7v.E.€/v. .G;K @2!
*f/6#~-MN;aS
*f=#*:75)(6%T$#

7;i7J5)2L (+B3#(6%"'
#9(!‡(6W'8fO`'(2#4(*)$
c5(6%LB )8f5(6%)#/g
" $Y3#8f/;K @'
k(5(6%(6#(!046%+#78 #P)39
# ')H;
G ˆT
Vẫn trong cùng một tổ chức, ExtraGrid là sự kết hợp 2 hay nhiều IntraGrid.
ExtraGrid liên quan đến nhiều vùng quản lý khác nhau, phân tán theo địa lý, sử
dụng các kết nối truy cập từ xa hay WAN, do đó độ phức tạp trong quản lý tăng
lên rất nhiều. Đối với ExtraGrid, các tài nguyên mang tính động hơn, Grid cần
phải linh động trong việc quản lý các tài nguyên, cần có cơ chế kiểm soát và
phục hồi lỗi.Cần có các dịch vụ cung cấp thông tin (information service) để tìm
kiếm tài nguyên.
G j.
^.9S/gMN#k(5'/A*MN
#=(6%-(!%BMN"=;Vj.
(fg#'/A(N7 '#+#7;a 4/ZM
N%/(*2! $3L/Aj..#‰xt;
^ 4()$45(6%7(!0Y/)
0+43#(;j.4/)0(MU/A
 'SN5;K '2!(6%Y4W$ ;
6. Lợi ích khi sử dụng Grid Computing

G a( 'T:,
n%(5W'52(A(2/)0 6IP'* @
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4;
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'6=;
II. Sự phát triển của Grid Computing trong thực tế
1. Thương mại hóa Grid
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#Q(*(b#(26%(56=##!)R#+#7
<6=E<^VnG;
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5+#7‰.;
w.xWQ.#.{(6%T ""'RS*)

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(UL),(&4!N7/A/3
 #+#7‰.;w.xWQ.#.{c)R 4
)((6%+3@%#
<^Vnk1;
i=#(6'/)0<^Vn5*xWQ.#.{[/)
9N(##L),Kt^^h/A%
86B#5*5A;aAL)2!:
7N8 6=4)N7
N/3)'@0N7';w.xW
Q.#.{(6%4#=')JŽ#ˆWQˆW#ˆ..
ˆW;
2. Ứng dụng tính toán lưới nghiên cứu chữa bệnh
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K.]|.EyGA3(U/A" d(! :'
 @2'ˆ‹ˆ].ˆEˆˆˆG;
i(*A (fg)U(6%%42!&#A
(6%#$/,c6#/RT$I!;^ '2=%
4CN:#'D6#$ #692!)4{0(!T(+(6%
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 ;i=3(6=E(26%= @(6%/A
#=(!-"#7G9T(+%4-%2
!)Tf#P?#0[2d(6%B
5W*04#(R LP6%R;
K6IP'N‰:76=ˆˆˆ(!4[\s
8.Y#/R/,#=NB24k*#=
5$.;C<6=(?-%#(*A#P
[2!@T4P/=#=.'H @

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2z5;
3. Ứng dụng vào sàn giao dịch chứng khoán
^6=E^^nG(M"d$%#
&"/3(&4#*?(+,(!)L A#4(*2L 3=I
/d/o$#6I;
`'(2+69N/E^^KaG/'[#
/3!A8*/A+69;Kq8('
N/(2WA$#T:,(?•B_(6%/=
"(#'7;Q6%(56'+69 06%
+#B9(!2!(AP95A
+(Lc0'#(b~(AUL)8;
i$ #4(*(?8+N/EsKaG)2/)0
WA$(&96%=+9T:,+)(8
g())"k2BB6=.#.(6%)#*?(+
,h())@'7#/)0+H8;
V6I(6%:7MA(24)(6%(+ A3L
E7G 8;r _##=+69g
? !($6_2+k_/2P
+(6%T:,;
KWA$+69"/32"6I/37
#0@8)^^n2!4
(!/k7A';^(2L)+BcB
N=(#=sKa;K3^^n2!)L AN 
#=),6S2^^Ka#L),B#=
(563L3P6=BEsG;
ƒ

…P(8sKa(6%3)P&J
Jt(56(AS/)#(?•N/
3 N/;
JK3 N/ !(2(83 S
sKa(!$#+8QSsKa;
JQSsKa"#3/AL)+3
N/;
JK3 N/3/AL)+(56;
Jt(56$(6%N/EA69G?W*EA
„
69G'/)8P3 N/;
- ^#T:,/=(6%pSsKa;^. '5#*(6W'
/='7P(6%T:,.L k|j|w6#$ B#
_)h(%(A/(6%T:,997
#0"8^T:,BE^^•nsnGSsKa;i$ AT) 
k_P/)04^^•nsn+;
• Alchemi Framework
x.;tˆ^].‹.€/4)(!T "3
696=#!N7^^n;x.&2m5J
 !";
^5(6%!/S 8WA$
'5@Y•.MN$+#(*&T:,(A
[6=EˆT.G;
^5(6%!/'[6=2N0WA
$&@(6% '5YV.#T:,[;
^5IW'7N76=869- '
5 _(6%•.:(#$/AL)#*YV.;
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^5 !4+#7(!/!
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Tài liệu tham khảo
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