Bài tiểu luận môn PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌCTRONG TIN HỌC






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!"#$#%&!'()
#*+#,+#
  -.$+
!"#$%  /01234454456
/(34454478
&'59
TP. Hồ Chí Minh, tháng 4 năm 2012
Lời cảm ơn
&(!)
*$"+,-$./-0$-1"23!!456-78"947:;
<%$4,-"6'0.$$=$'1'='>;?@="94"*4<4AB$,$;
5"*4"B$,*CDEB$78$;$F'$=$<6"G$:$=$@="94+7H
";3>?'>;?7.7I7J?K"*"G$54L;="*M>5-%$<4A
B$CN<6"G$7,6"@G$$2"6"<$=$"5>'$;OPHL;="*M
>5-"Q"%'+$R@A;53<>5-%$"*4-E"*S<4AB$C
,-$R5@#$-176$=$"5"*4>'78"94*A-E"*SB$
";?>T"*4L;="*M"6'";$=$P5C
DU">2NA+,-$./-0$V"5$-1@#"?"M"*;3:79"<6
"G$$WA"23CX$.$"23-9<Y/+"6'"K$79"7T$:;"I>T"*4
$G;<4AB$5$E$;U$93C
B$ ;3ZI$D[EB$1
%:
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&(!)

;<;<
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,F
7:
<E$,
F7:
F
7:
,
$G;
E$,
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$G;
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F7:
<=$
E$,
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$G;
$G;
"/4-U"
<=$
&(!)
(4(-=>+?
 
. #*@#$()+
.4. ABCDCEF
^F7:<4AB$_@$/"`$'*4P>/-a$R7T$B>5F7:$G;

_*/@/A*$'*4P>/-a4b$$V;Y$G;>5$V;Y7T$7b"*A<S
$G;7G"*$-V;";NA"X9$6$WA"*"G$<4AB$%$,
3;$2;'=""*J"*"G$7,c"*M7U$A41C
.6. AGDHIJC
$G;<4AB$>;E"d"9AF7:
- ^F7::P$F"@#?"7A"M-<6-
- ^F7::'1'='$G;7J>5-@="Y:>e";36"5"#$"Z
NF7:";U$>'"GF"C
.7. B<KLDAAMNDOPQDRS
,PA"M;Q ,F7:+<E$,F7:+F7:7T$$4"*4
M7V3 
MfCf !17d'V>49
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&(!)
.T. B<UAVWDOUABUUABKACEDPQDRSXAIYAZ<
,@=;'1'='
1) M-N<gc+'="%NF7:-
2) M-NPF"7d
3) hT$>9L;A%-"E"S
4) i;A@="N-I$"*4"#$"Z
5) &I/>S<;$A'55
6) -G N$V;YPF"$T"0;F"%<L;A@="@#<%547,C
.[. AVWDOUABUOC\C]M^_KPQDRSKA`IXAIYAZ<PSUABKFCDAabBDO<A_
I.5.1. Có 5 phương pháp:
• j#^/'4>7237W
• ;3J@Ak/'4>
• =c^/'4>
• lX$^/'4>
• &"*S
I.5.2. Có 40 thủ thuật:

• ;3>e'VYC
• ;3>em"=$<YnC
• ;3>e'O-$F"$K$PUC
• ;3>e_'aPF"7Q0GC
• ;3>e<6"T'C
• ;3>e9oC
• ;3>em$GA"*4nC
• ;3>e'"*B>TC
• ;3>eV3G@;F"_'"=$7Ua@1PUC
• ;3>e"#$%@1PUC
• ;3>e#'pC
• ;3>e7q"6C
• ;3>e74T$C
• ;3>e$2;_"*pa,AC
• ;3>e>7UC
• ;3>e_"=$7Uam"6;n4b$m"rAnC
• ;3>e$;3J@A$:;<=$C
• !sK$=$A47U$1B$C
• ;3>e49"7U"/4$;<tC
• ;3>e>"K$$=$"=$7U$,X$C
• ;3>emT"AnC
NguyZI$D]EB$1 6
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• ;3>eP69"5>TC
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*A@#QA;5<=$A;NA$.C
- M-<6-'1'='7JL;36"$=$<,<o+"*K$"*b$7A$"*c
@#'=""*J$WA"#508UC
NguyZI$D]EB$1 7
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- A37x4b$>TK$=$%"T"#4b$08U7J'K$K"Q"

1$4$4S5-E"*S0;L;AC
- $G;$=$%"T{$E%$7803*A{"#$%"*4L;=<G
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.7. kLDAKl<B<mVn<<jDKC_DAeDAXACDOACgD<hMXAIYAZ<
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Bước 1: Mô tả các khó khăn trên thực tế
*4"#$"6<b'<,<o"M>.$7,-$2"65$G;<4A
B$-K$7X$>5L;36"$=$<,<o7,C^?3$,"J,%$-E"$=$<,
<o7Ab''$X>5@#-c72;$4-U"$G;C
Bước 2: Tổng quan về các nghiên cứu liên quan
~V3>5"SA"M-J;0/-F7:#7H$G;7857A7T$
$G;Pc$=$B$<=$$A+c-G$7U54L;A7,$,"JB$N7:;
A35"*=7T$%$>b'>9"*4$G;"*$C
Bước 3: Xác định mục tiêu nghiên cứu
NguyZI$D]EB$1 8
&(!)
DK$";$G;>5N#7H7b"*A7JL;36"7T$$=$<,<o
78$z*AcP$fC$G;'>;EP=-"/4$=$-K$";787:*A
"*4@;Q"L;="*M5'45"5$."*$<$G;7T$<u'>9C
=$$G;%A3"S"J%*F"*•*5'253
Bước 4: Phương pháp nghiên cứu
~V3>5'2$z*A$G;-5$G;-;Q"657J
79"7T$-K$";7:*A"*4P$€CE"S+$=$'1'='";"?'N
>%;A3"X%-5'V"X$$.'7T$"J%*•C45*A+$=$
";36"5'9-$G;+<'X5"SA$2"6"+$=$7:0;F"#7H+
\$R$2'7T$$z*A-U"$=$*•*5C
Bước 5: Dữ liệu thực tế hoặc giả định cụ thể
jN>%;>5'2*F"L;A"*B"*4$G;<4AB$C.$,"J7T$
";"?'L;AL;="*M7:;"*A"9%"*S4b$>5N>%;7H";7T$"r

"X%-+-E'YCNN>%;53$,"J$z*AN'=""*J$WA"#$
"6"*4L;=<G5%"9+L;A7,$,"J#74="1>A+@4@=>e
";36"+\E"S+A749";"?'N>%;";"Q*F":;"SA5
":P9$$WAS$G;5@#$X0=$$WAN>%;@•c>76
<6"L;$;Q$|$WA$G;C
Bước 6: Phân tích dữ liệu hoặc chạy chương trình
~67V3$G;<4AB$@•$,}7CDU">5'V"X$$=$N>%;
";"?'7T$7J$,$=$<6">;?$4N7:;7857A0O3*A"*4"#$"6+
"r7,$,$=$7:0;F"$4"1>ACDU"$=$<=$>5>?'*A$=$$1"*M-=3
"X7J-E'Y+"X"4=>e";36"#A544b$@4@=$=$N>%;"#$"6C
253"S>L;A"$=$$;3-E@V;$z$,NS$,
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Bước 7: Phát hiện hoặc đề xuất cái mới
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Thời gian nghiên cứu
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Tránh hao phí thời gian vô ích
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Công bố kết quả nghiên cứu
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Giảng viên hướng dẫn
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>;3%+$|7,>5@#'=""*J-U"@Q>$=$'2w"*TPA3<=$>=
-=3PA3$@="+-=3PA3$67F;+-=3PA33"6CDU"XK<=$NA>5A-/
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"64_!/$4&`/a7A7T$@sKPc-U"@Q$=$71H$WA$X'W
Dy_ +!+•&a+$=$"*S79B$_ ~9B$4+Da$4
=4  K$  5  $=$  $1  "*M  B$  "?'  "r  0A5  $  "*4  <  4A
_„D+@$4!3@"/-@a$4$=$$;U$B'5;F>;3%C
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#$v
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?5A-/4>/C
.44. OM^gDKr<KAl<ACEDbWmf

*4L;3"*M>5-A-/"*$<*/>/A@/PF"<M-U"A-/54*A"H"*S
"S$=$A-/@•7T$$93"s%-L;A$=$A749A'A+P/"A+$>4@/
P/"AC*4A74953@•$,-U"@Q>T9$6@Q>TS$1"A-
A54A-/$1"sC6;$,PF"<MF7:M:A-/@•7T$A-/*'d
5'="5A-/7J<I$'K$CDK$7X$$WAL;="*M53†-7-P4
A-/$93x7H"*$<?5$X"G$C
.46. OM^gDKr<zlUA…DO
*4L;="*M?5$=$@'O-A-/"*#$";36"S>TN>%;
"E"$WAS$1A-/>5*F">+4?3NS?5A-/'
"S0;3J"#$%%$@A4>;>9$=$"E"7,-U"$=$7H<M†-
7-P4N>%;$WAS|<EPH-F"<$,@#$Q03*AC
.47. OM^gDKr<HCDARfDO
=$>w'2-:-6;<E7T$'="%PcNS<J-"*A'2
-:-@•$,"J"d"9"*4$=$P'="5$X"G$$WAA-/C~:;53
"SA303*AM'2>$=$"*K$"*b$53$z0;F"%N7:;<%
PF""S"*4A-/+7T$$4>5L;=Y7J@sA>9+4b$PcMA-/''="
"*JA7J<H'"S9'="5C=$"*K$"*b$$,"J$z>5N>wY:
M$4"$=$>w-"*B0,A45"45'2>;A-/4b$V3
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*A@#$Q"*4<$93A-/C2>$=$"*ST'5'="5@•";*A
$=$P$?'?"_A3B>5'A"$[P=>wa7J@sA$=$"*K$"*b$C~E<+"*K$
"*b$>9$,>T$4S$1+$."S7T$B>5$=$/0'>4"@[<=-'=
-C
.4T. OM^gDKr<mC_DAJCKAeDAHƒC
A>?"*4A-/$,"J>L;A76-8A>?5$=$7J-OF;
7T$"#$"*4L;="*M>5-A-/+$=$-8$z@sA7T$>5-PcP"G
PA+4b$S$1<=-'=*A-U">w'2-:-547,C^%$$z@sA7T$
"947:;<%PcA>?"*4'2$G4b$Pc-U"S7T$754"94:
'2-:-CA>?"S>5-A-/Z1P†%$$;$F'-U"@Q>T

<E9$6$=$"5;3"*4A-/+XKR<X+-=;+79T$A3
$=$>49<=$Ž4b$$,"J$=$<o7b$P%"70;3"SC=$>49A
>?<=$$,"J$4'u'"*;3$?'"N$F'7U<E"J$17T$"/4$=$
"E"S4b$$;$F'$=$"XoPF""SA3V3$S+"A37x
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i;A'V"X$-U"XK7JM:@#'=""*J$WA5$E%'
A-/$."A$,"J"F3$=$;3"I$:'1'='@="94<4AB$7T$
|-U"$=$*U*85'xP67b$P%">5"*4$E%"E"C
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 =@$? 
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